中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2022年1月全国普通高等学校招生统一考试
上海 英语试卷
Listening Comprehension Section A （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A By the shuttle bus B. By a friend's private car
C By the subway D. By a shared bike.
2、A. Academic problems. B. The man's university tour
C. A Weekend travel plan D. The man's tour to a lake
3. A. The lady will go hiking next week
B. The lady took her kitten to the clinic last week
C. The man cares about the woman.
D. The man didn't go hiking last week.
4. A. He wants to travel to Shanghai.
B. He has found a suitable job.
C. He graduated last month.
D. His hometown may be Nantong
5. A. Silent B.Crazy C.Relieved. D. Depressed
6. A. He wants the house to have a garage and a garden.
He just wants a space to sunbathe in his house.
C.He wants to buy a villa.
D.He likes European style decoration
7. A. He is crazy about reading
B. He likes the decoration style of the library
C. He is a knowledgeable college student
D. He is a librarian
8. A. She likes similar car models.
B. She promised a refund within a week
C. She encouraged the man to buy the model car
D She has sold a lot of cars
9. A.He wants to leave the company
B. He is the project leader of the company
C. He thinks their hard work will be wasted
D.He will announce the progress of the project
10. A. His child came home late and had no food
B. He has spared some food for his child.
C.The whole family waited the child came back for dinner
D. He was very angry with his child's behavior.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions will be read twice, but the question will be spoken only one the four possible answers on your paper and decide which o you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage
11.A. Negative effects of eating too many snacks
B. The differences between snacks and meals.
C. Strategies of avoiding eating too many snacks before meals.
D. Healthy ways of having meals.
12. A Avoid eating things between meals.
B. Eat as much fruit as possible.
C. Eat food like toast shortly before dinner to help with digestion.
D. Have a cup of yogurt in the afternoon.
13.A. To control the amount of snacks you eat
B. To make it healthier.
C. To help you focus on the main event
D. To help you know what exactly you are eating
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. 3,000 billion trees. B. 400 billion trees.
C.50 million trees. D. 15 billion trees.
15.A.Russia has always ranked first in the number of trees.
B.Trees would be gone in the future at current removal rate.
C.People will plant trees on the cultivated land.
D.It is impossible to calculate the total number of trees
16. A. To stop people from building houses endlessly.
B.To draw people's attention to the importance of trees.
C.To call on people to protect the homes of wild animals.
D.To attract people to study the growth environment of trees
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Personal travel plan. B. Travel
C. Party dress. D. Organization of work
18. A. Jerry will travel by high-speed rail
B. Jerry is Helen's cousin.
C. Jerry's parents live in Nanjing
D. Jerry is resting in his apartment now
19. A. She knows the boss there
B. She booked the table a month earlier.
C. Her friend works in this restaurant
D. She has a noble status.
20. A. Going for a picnic in the forest park.
B. Resting in the apartment.
C. Going to the Domingo restaurant for dinner.
D. Going to Shanghai Museum
【听力答案】
1-5 ABBDC 6-10 BACCB 11-13 CDA 14-16 ABB 17-20 ACBA
2022年1月高考英语听力试题文字稿
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the tour possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. M: Would you like me to give you a ride to the airport The subway system has broken down.
W: It's very kind of you, but there is a shuttle service.
Q: How will the woman most probably get to the airport
KEY WORDS AND PHRASES: there is a shuttle service.
2. W: I heard you made a tour of Pearl Lake university last Sunday.
M: Yes, we arrived at 8 o'clock, and then two senior students showed us around the campus. We were deeply impressed.
Q: What are the speakers mainly talking about
KEY WORDS AND PHRASES: a tour of Pearl Lake university
3. W: I missed the hiking last week I had to take my kitten to the clinic.
M: What a pity! Is she all right now
Q: What can be learned from the conversation
KEY WORDS AND PHRASES: 该题为信息推断题，需对整个对话中的至少三个细节信息有所把握；missed the hiking last week；take my kitten to the clinic；What a pity！
4. W: Are you going back to Nantong after graduation next month
M: 1 think so. After I graduate. I'll go back home and try to get a job there.
Q: What can be learned about the man
KEY WORDS AND PHRASES: go back to Nantong and try to get a job there.
5. M: Have you got any news about the mountain climbers
W: Yes. The rescue team found them Thank goodness. They survived the cold.
Q: How does the woman most probably feel
KEY WORDS AND PHRASES: Thank goodness.
6. W: Do you have any idea of our future house For me, I don't particularly care whether it has got a garden or a garage.
M: Me, neither. I need just a little bit of space to sit out in when it’s warm.
Q: What does the man mean
KEY WORDS AND PHRASES: 该题为信息推断题，需对整个对话中的至少两个细节信息有所把握；he also doesn't particularly care whether it has got a garden or a garage; need just a little bit of space to sit out in when it’s warm.
7. M: So you want to turn this room into a mini library
W: Yes. My son is a keen reader.
Q: What can be learned about the woman’s son
KEY WORDS AND PHRASES: My son is a keen reader.
8. M: I am wondering whether I should buy this model car. I already have a very similar one.
W: I see no reason not to. You are entitled to a refund within a week if you don't like it.
Q: What does the woman imply
KEY WORDS AND PHRASES: 该题为信息推断题，需完全理解这名女子所说的话；I see no reason not to；You are entitled to a refund within a week if you don't like it.
9. W: You know what . The boss announced that the project we've been working on will be abandoned.
M: So, our 8 months hard work just goes down the drain.
Q: What does the man mean
KEY WORDS AND PHRASES: our 8 months hard work just goes down the drain.
down the drain: a. if time, effort, or money goes down the drain, it is wasted or produces no results〔时间、努力或金钱〕白白浪费掉;
10. W: Sorry, dad. I'm home late.
M: We've all had our supper, but I've set aside a bite for you.
Q: What does the man mean
KEY WORDS AND PHRASES: I've set aside a bite for you
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the question will be spoken only once When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
Can’t resist picking from the fridge or cupboard before dinner A little cheese, some biscuits and an apple. It never seems like much. Yet, by the time dinner comes around, you are full. If this is you, here are two strategies to help you out. Think about what you are eating earlier in the day. If you are having a light lunch, then trying to last until dinner, you may be doing harm to yourself. By leaving it too long between food stops, you will get too hungry and overeat at dinner. Instead, try having a slice of toast or a piece of fruit and a cup of yogurt at about 3:30 pm. This should keep you going until dinner. So you can resist the pre-dinner snacking. The other strategy is that if you do have a snack before dinner, put it on a plate, instead of picking and paying no attention to what you are eating, arrange some food properly on a small plate, then sit down to eat your snack. Simply by doing this, you will eat a lot less and still be ready for the main event.
Questions
11 What is the speaker mainly talking about
主旨题；可以通过选项的长短推断出这题可能是主旨题，需要尤其关注材料开头部分；结合开头几个句子，我们可以推断出短文是有关于how to enjoy snacks properly before dinner.
12. What does the speaker suggest you do if you have a light lunch
细节题；KEY SENTENCE(S): Instead, try having a slice of toast or a piece of fruit and a cup of yogurt at about 3:30 pm.
13. According to the speaker, why should you put a pre-dinner snack on a plate？
细节题；KEY SENTENCE(S): Simply by doing this, you will eat a lot less and still be ready for the main event.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
How many trees are there in the world Until now, scientists could only guess. The estimate of global tree number is approximately 400 billion. In the tree survey project- by using satellite images and on site counting in more than 50 countries, researchers at an American university counted more than 3,000 billion trees in the world, roughly 7 times more than previously estimated. Among all the countries, Russia is ranked first in the tree number.
But researchers also warned the number of trees on earth has fallen by 46 % since the start of civilization. Due to demand for wood and farmland, humans cut down more than 15 billion trees each year, replanting only 5 billion. At that rate, trees on earth will be gone in about three centuries. The project’s goal is to draw attention to the importance of trees in the role in reducing the gravity of climate change. The project’s lead researcher says: Trees store huge amounts of carbon. They are among the most important and critical living things on earth.
Questions
14. According to the survey, how many trees are there in the world
细节题；再次提醒大家做听力时笔记的重要性，尤其是数字；KEY SENTENCE(S): researchers at an American university counted more than 3,000 billion trees in the world;
15. Which of the following is the most probable prediction based on the survey’s findings
推断题；KEY SENTENCE(S): At that rate, trees on earth will be gone in about three centuries.
16 What is the purpose of the project introduced in the passage
细节题；考察近义词的替换purpose和goal；KEY SENTENCE(S):The project’s goal is to draw attention to the importance of trees in the role in reducing the gravity of climate change.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
M: Helen, when is your brother Jerry getting into town I haven't seen him for ages.
W: This Thursday, I will pick him up around 8:00 pm.
M: Are you going to do anything together that night
W: No. I think he'll be too tired and will probably just want to go to bed early.
M: That's true. It's a long flight from Sanya. How long is he going to stay
W: Only till Monday. Then he goes to Nanjing to see our parents.
M: Do you have any special plans for Friday
W: You bet. He can relax in the apartment on Friday morning. And then in the afternoon, we are going to the forest park with some friends to have a picnic.
M: And then in the evening
W: I have booked a table in Domingos, that Mexican restaurant. Do you know it
M: Yeah. One of the waiters I know told me it is extremely difficult to book a table there.
W: Not if you call them early enough, say, a month earlier.
M: What about Saturday
W: In the morning, we are going to Shanghai Museum. They’ve got an exhibition Jerry will be interested in. After lunch, we’ll be doing some shopping.
M: So I’m meeting you guys on Saturday evening at 8 o’clock.
W: Oh, yes, the party is at Claire’s e round here just before eight and we can take a taxi over the Claire’s together.
M: All right.
Questions:
17. What are the two speakers mainly talking about
主旨题；可以通过选项的长短推断出这题可能是主旨题，需要尤其关注材料开头部分；结合开头几个句子，我们可以推断出短文是有关于their plan after Jerry’s arrival.
18. What can be learned about Jerry
细节题；需结合对话中与Jerry相关的词、句；
19. Why was the woman able to reserve a table in Domingos
细节题；KEY SENTENCE(S): Not if you call them early enough, say, a month earlier.
20. What will Jerry MOST probably be doing on Friday afternoon
细节题；KEY SENTENCE(S): And then in the afternoon, we are going to the forest park with some friends to have a picnic
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2022年1月全国普通高等学校招生统一考试
上海 英语试卷
Listening Comprehension Section A （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A By the shuttle bus B. By a friend's private car
C By the subway D. By a shared bike.
2、A. Academic problems. B. The man's university tour
C. A Weekend travel plan D. The man's tour to a lake
3. A. The lady will go hiking next week
B. The lady took her kitten to the clinic last week
C. The man cares about the woman.
D. The man didn't go hiking last week.
4. A. He wants to travel to Shanghai.
B. He has found a suitable job.
C. He graduated last month.
D. His hometown may be Nantong
5. A. Silent B.Crazy C.Relieved. D. Depressed
6 A. He wants the house to have a garage and a garden.
He just wants a space to sunbathe in his house.
C.He wants to buy a villa.
D.He likes European style decoration
7 A. He is crazy about reading
B. He likes the decoration style of the library
C. He is a knowledgeable college student
D. He is a librarian
8 A. She likes similar car models.
B. She promised a refund within a week
C. She encouraged the man to buy the model car
D She has sold a lot of cars
9. A.He wants to leave the company
B. He is the project leader of the company
C. He thinks their hard work will be wasted
D.He will announce the progress of the project
10. A. His child came home late and had no food
B. He has spared some food for his child.
C.The whole family waited the child came back for dinner
D. He was very angry with his child's behavior.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions will be read twice, but the question will be spoken only one the four possible answers on your paper and decide which o you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage
11.A. Negative effects of eating too many snacks
B. The differences between snacks and meals.
C. Strategies of avoiding eating too many snacks before meals.
D. Healthy ways of having meals.
12. A Avoid eating things between meals.
B. Eat as much fruit as possible.
C. Eat food like toast shortly before dinner to help with digestion.
D. Have a cup of yogurt in the afternoon.
13.A. To control the amount of snacks you eat
B. To make it healthier.
C. To help you focus on the main event
D. To help you know what exactly you are eating
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. 3,000 billion trees. B. 400 billion trees.
C.50 million trees. D. 15 billion trees.
15.A.Russia has always ranked first in the number of trees.
B.Trees would be gone in the future at current removal rate.
C.People will plant trees on the cultivated land.
D.It is impossible to calculate the total number of trees
16. A. To stop people from building houses endlessly.
B.To draw people's attention to the importance of trees.
C.To call on people to protect the homes of wild animals.
D.To attract people to study the growth environment of trees
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Personal travel plan. B. Travel
C. Party dress. D. Organization of work
18. A. Jerry will travel by high-speed rail
B. Jerry is Helen's cousin.
C. Jerry's parents live in Nanjing
D. Jerry is resting in his apartment now
19. A. She knows the boss there
B. She booked the table a month earlier.
C. Her friend works in this restaurant
D. She has a noble status.
20. A. Going for a picnic in the forest park.
B. Resting in the apartment.
C. Going to the Domingo restaurant for dinner.
D. Going to Shanghai Museum
Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The Lights of Aurora
On the night of 2 September1859, the dark sky over Europe and North America was suddenly full of light!The light did no come from the sun or the moon and it had a strange colour. The light moved across the sky, (21)___________( come ) and going, like clouds in a strong wind in the United States, a man in Boston was using the telegraph to speak to a man in Portand160kmaway They both turned off the electricity for the telegraph, but (22)__________ could still speak to each other for the next two hours. The electricity was coming from the light in the sky. How was this possible And what was the light in the sky
The light is called the aurora. Usually. you can see it only at the very north of the earth,(23)_______it is called aurora borealis or Northerm Lights, or at the very south, where it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights. But in 1859, something happened in the sun-a very large storm-and it moved the aurora across the middle of the earth. We do not think that his ever happened before 1859, and we know that it (24)________ (not happen) since then.
Why does the aurora happen And why can we only see it at the top or bottom of the earth The aurora is made by something (25)__________(call) the ‘'solar wind’( wind from the sun). We cannot see this wind, or touch it. It is a wind of particles that travel away from the sun at the time at about 400 kilometers a second. Most of the particles never touch the earth The earth has a kind of ‘wall’ around it that defends it(26)________these particles. This wall is called the earth's magnetic field,and it pushes the particles away on either side, But the earth's magnetic field has two “windows” in it: the magnetic north, and the magnetic south. At these places. the earth's magnetic field turns down into the earth. And some of the particles from the solar wind come through these magnetic ' windows'. These solar particles crash is to the particles tat are already in our sky. And ( 27 )_________this happens. we see the beautiful lines or clouds of light of the aurora.
Alaska is a good place ( 28 )________( see ) the auurora borealis , and you can also go to places like Iceland, Siberia , the north of Greenland , Norway , Sweden, and Scotland To seethe aurora australis , go to the south of Australia , Tasmania , or New Zealand.
People travel thousands of kilometers to see the aurora , and they can never be sure ( 29)_______it will happen .But (30) _______________do see it say that they will never forget it.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
characteristics B. diverse C. employ D. function E issue F. Integration hit H. military I. potential J. schemes K. wearers
Future Fashion: Biometric Bodysuits
A team of the Applied Nano Bioscience Center at Arizona State University has built prototypes(原型)of biometric bodysuits.They can detect chemical attacks, deliver drugs to their(31)________, or even perfume scents if your body temperature rises too much. The(32)________ version of the Scentsory Chameleon Bodysuit incorporates fuel cells to provide a lightweight source of power for the soldier's equipment. The civilian one can monitor your heart or blood pressure, deliver interactive games or simply work as a wearable computer. You will even be able to download new colors and patterns from the Web to change your appearance according to this article from East Valley Tribune in Arizona. Both versions should(33) ______the market within a few years.
Fredere Zenhausen, director of the Applied Nano Bioscience Center at ASU, has joined with Ghassan Jabbour, a professor at the University of Arizona, to develop two prototypes of "Biometric bodysuits" that contain embedded sensors, power sources, microfluidic devices and other gadgets not normally associated with the latest Paris fashions. Such "smart" clothing could (34) __________future soldiers early waning of chemical attacks or automatically deliver insulin to diabetics, Zenhausemn said "The biometric bodysuit shows how electronics and Fuidies (流体学)can be incorporated into clothing to perform a wide range of (35) ______ tasks, from highly functional to the aesthetic " he said.
The civilian Chameleon will have somewhat different(36)____________. Its biometric outfit demonstrates how miniature electronics could be embedded in clothing to promote health is made of clear vinyl(乙烯基) and white plastics to show the placement of various electronic and fuidic devices. In the future such an outfit could diagnose diseases and deliver medications to the wearer, monitor heart rate or blood pressure, deliver interactive games and other forms of entertainment or(37) ___________as a wearable computer.
Another possibility would be to download different designs from the Internet so the fabric could change colors ind patterns , Zenhausern suid. And if could all be made to look stylish by the (38)________of electronics and high-fashion designs , he said. In fact, the concept of embedding microelectronics in fabrics has ( 39 ) _____________ far beyond clothing. Sheila Kennedy , an Boston-based architect and visiting professor at the Harvard Universally Graduate School of Design , sees possibilities to (40 )__________the technology in building design. As an example , she said window shades containing organic light emitting diodes (二极管 ) could produce electricity from sunlight that would help generate power.
Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context
Artificially sweetened diet drinks make no difference to weight gain and should not be seen as healthier than their sugar-laden counterparts, according to a team of experts, A review of research evidence concludes there is nothing to support claims that sugar free versions of popular soft drinks can help (4l) _______obesity and related diseases such as Type 2 diabetes. Industry sponsored studies reporting"favourable"associations between diet drinks and weight loss may be biased, it claims.
There have been concerns that diet drinks, known as artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs), might lead people to consume more calories by(42) ________sweet flavour taste buds. The new study found that evidence (43) _________the healthiness of ASBs was inconclusive with randomized controlled trials (RCTs) producing mixed results. Senor investigator Professor Christopher Millett said: "A common perception, which may be influenced by industry marketing, is that because ‘diet’ drinks have no sugar, they must be healthier and aid weight loss when used as a(n)(44)for full sugar versions However, we found no solid evidence to support this
The researchers pointed out that research supported by food or beverage companies was more likely to find no evidence of links between sugary drink (45) _________ and obesity than non-industry sponsored research. Similarly, ASB industry-sponsored research was "more likely to report favourable results and (46) ________ regarding ASB effects on weight control”
In many cases. researchers had failed to disclose (47) __________of interest relating to links with the food industry. it was claimed. Coauthor Dr Marin Carolina Borges said: “The lack of solid evidence on the health effects of ASBs and the potential influence of bias from industry funded studies should be taken seriously when discussing whether ASBs are (48) __________ alternatives to SSBs ( sugar-sweetened beverages)."
Leading British nutritionist Professor Susan Jebb said despite the mixed evidence, there was no reason to believe that replacing sugary drinks with artificially sweetened (49)________ did any harm She said , “For people seeking to manage their weight , tap water is (50)__________the best drink to choose , for health and the environment , but far many people who are used to drinking sugary drinks, this will be loo hard a change to (51)_________. Artificially sweetened drinks are a step in the ( 52 )__________ direction to cut calories." Dietitian Professor Tom Sanders, was also critical of the research, calling it “an opinion piece rather than a ( n )(53)___________review of the evidence”. He ( 54)____________ “The conclusion that reduced sugar or sugar-free drinks should not be promoted or seen as part of a healthy diet seems unwarranted and likely to add to public (55 )_____________.”
A. relieve B. oppose C. prevent D. bother
A. inserting B. stimulating C.enhancing D.securing
A. resulting from B. referring to C.depending on D. relating to
A. Substitute B.proposal C.suspect D.implication
A. Efficiency B.consumption C.distribution D.modernization
A. appointments B.instructions C.performances D.conclusions
47. A. threats B. matters C. conflicts D.appeals
48. A. adequate B.essential C.available D. deliberate
49. A initiatives B.alternatives C.objectives D.representatives
50. A. without question B. beyond description
C. around the corner D. in consequence
51. A. settle B. route C. mend D. make
A. wrong B. right C. proper D. opposite
53. A. democratic B. automatic C. systematic D. dramatic
54. A. transferred B. ranged C. accessed D. added
55. A. fascination B. ambition C.confusion D. Isolation
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
If a single word can describe our daily life during those first three years, it is "scrounge"(讨要)Every waking moment we were concentrating on how the hell we would be able to save up enough dough(面团;钱)to do whatever it was we had to do. Usually it was just break even. And there's nothing romantic about it. either. Remember the famous stanza n Omar Khayyám You know,the book of verses underneath the bough, the loaf of bread, the jug of wine and so forth Substitute Scott on Trusts for that book of verses and see how this poetic vision stacks up against my idyllic existence. Ah, paradise No, bullshit. All I'd think about is how much that book was (could we get it secondhand ) and where, if anywhere, we might be able to charge that bread and wine. And then how we might ultimately scrounge up the dough to pay off our debts.
Life changes. Even the simplest decision mast be scrutinized by the ever vigilant budget committee of your mind.
“Hey, Oliver, let's go see Becket tonight.”
“Listen, it's three bucks.”
“What do you mean ”
“ I mean a buck fifty for you and a buck fifty for me.”
“Does that mean yes or no ”
"Neither. It just means three bucks."
Our honeymoon was spent on a yacht and with twenty-one children.That is, I sailed a thirty-six-foot Rhodes from seven in the morning till whenever my passengers had enough, and Jenny was a children's counselor. It was a place called the Pequod Boat Club in Dennis Port (not far from Hyannis) an establishment that included a large hotel, a marina and several dozen houses for rent. In one of the tinier bungalows, I have nailed an imaginary plaque(匾牌): “Oliver and Jenny slept here.I think it's a tribute to us both that after a long day of being kind to our customers, for we were largely dependent on their tips for our income, Jenny and I were nonetheless kind to each other. Is imply say "kind", because I lack the vocabulary to describe what loving and being loved by Jennifer Cavilleri is like. Sorry, I mean Jennifer Barrett.
Before leaving for the Cape, we found a cheap apartment in North Cambridge. I called it North Cambridge, although the address was technically in the town of Somerville and the house was, as Jenny described it,“in the state of disrepair”. It had originally been a two-family structure, now converted into four apartments, overpriced even at its“cheap"rental. But what he hell can graduate students do It's a seller's market.
56.What can we learn from the conversation between Oliver and Jenny
A. None of them wanted to see Becket.
B. They didn't have three bucks.
C. Jenny was wasting money.
D. Oliver was a thrifty man.
57.Why were Oliver and Jenny friendly to customers
A. They were both counselors for children.
B. They needed to get tips from customers.
C. They didn't have enough room to live in
D. That was the rule on the yacht.
58. By "in the state of disrepair", the author implies that ___________.
A. the apartment was very cheap
B. the apartment was very expensive
C. their accommodation is not decent
D. their accommodation is very decent
59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A. A couple's debt repayment process
B. A couple's honeymoon trip
C. A couple’ s hard life
D. A couple's life on a yacht
(B)
Summer Camp Rules
Whether it s your child's first year at camp , or they are a seasoned camper and need a little refresher , it’s a good idea to go over summer camp rules and guidelines before leaving for camp. Camp rules are in place lo keep the camp community safe and camp operations running smoothly throughout their stay.
Keep Your Personal Space Clean
Since your child will be in close quarters with many other campers , it’s important that they understand the necessity of keeping their sleeping and living areas organized.
Go over ways for your child to stay organized and tidy before they leave for camp. When packing, make sure to provide a laundry bag to keep clean and dirty clothing separate. Utilize under bed space or put clothes on your shelves or cabinets rather than living out of your suitcase or camp trunk.
It also helps to not over pack. Follow packing list guidelines closely so your child can find what they need without having to dig through piles of clothing that were not recommended. This also helps you child know what they have in their luggage so they pull out the sweatshirt when it gets cold. instead of thinking there wasn't one in their bag. Remind your child of their camp account so they can purchase items from the camp store if necessary.
2. Valuables at Camp
As a best practice, we recommend leaving all valuables at home, Even if your child has a bracelet or necklace that they never take off, there is still the chance that it could be lost while swimming or participating in camp activities
If you are thinking about bringing an expensive item of clothing, be prepared for it to gel lost or damaged. You may be better off buying a new, less expensive version. To be on the safe side, don't let your child bring anything irreplaceable or emotionally valuable to camp.
3. Play Nice
Name calling,fighting, bullying, and arguing are strictly prohibited at summer camp Camp is a place to make friends, so aggressive behavior is not tolerated. Remind your child that they don't have to be everybody's best friend, but they do have to be friendly to everyone.
Encourage your child to go into camp with the mindset of making a few new friends, and chances are they will leave camp having made more than a few.
4. Have Fun and Try New Things
At the end of the day, summer camp is about getting out of your comfort zone, trying new things, and having a blast. Before your child leaves for camp, congratulate them for being brave enough to try sleep away amp in the first place. Let them know that they've already won just by trying, and the fun part is just about to begin. Remind them again that summer camp rules exist only to improve the overall camp experience and to create a community of fun.
What is the purpose of clarifying the rules of summer camp
Enrich children's summer camp operation
Ensure the safety of children participating in summer camp
Cultivate children's ability to survive in the wild
Help children develop good cleaning habits
61.Which of the following behaviors is advocated by the summer camp
A. Take your favorite valuables
B Fight with camping friends
C. Avoid participating in hazardous activities
D. Keep personal camping supplies in order
62. What is the passage mainly about
A. Enjoy the unique fun brought by new things
B. Make good friends wherever you are
C. Follow the rules of summer camp
D. Get enough sleep before camping
(C)
Conservationists go to war over whether humans are the measure of nature's value. New Conservationists argue such trade-offs are necessary in this human dominated epoch. And they support “re-wilding", a concept originally proposed by Soule where people curtail economic growth and withdraw from landscapes, which then return to nature.
New Conservationists believe the withdrawal could happen together with economic growth The California-based Breakthrough Institute believes in a future where most people live in cities and rely less on natural resources for economic growth.
They would get food from industrial agriculture. including genetically modified foods, desalination intensified meat production and aquaculture, all of which have a smaller land footprint. And they would get their energy from renewables and natural gas.
Driving these profound shifts would be greater efficiency of production, where more products could be manufactured from fewer inputs. And some unsustainable commodities would be replaced in the market by other, greener ones---natural gas for coal, for instance, explained Michael Heisenberg., president of the Breakthrough Institute. Nature would, in essence, be decoupled from the economy.
And then he added a caveat:"We are not suggesting decoupling as the paradigm to save the world, or that it solves all the problems or eliminates all the trade- offs.
Cynics( 悲观者) may say all this sounds too utopian, but Breakthrough maintains the world is already on this path toward decoupling. Nowhere is this more evident than in the United Sates, according to Iddo Wernick, a research scholar at the Rockefeller University, who has examined the nation’s use of 100 main commodities.
Wemck and his colleagues looked at data carefully from the U.S. Geological Survey National Minerals Information Center , which keeps a record of commodities used from 1900 through the present day. They found that the use of 36 commodities ( sand, ire ore , cotton etc.) in the U. S. Economy had peaked.
Another 53 commodities (nitrogen,timber, beef, etc. ) are being used more efficiently per dollar value of gross domestic product than in the pre-1970s era. Their use would peak soon, Wernick said.
Only 11commodities (industrial diamond, indium, chicken, etc.) are increasing in use (Greenwire, Nov.6), and most of these are employed by industries in small quantities to improve systems processes.Chicken use is rising because people are eating less beef, a desirable development since poultry cultivation has a smaller environmental footprint.
The numbers show the United States has not intensified resource consumption since the1970s even while increasing its GDP and population, said Jesse Ausubel of the Rockefeller University.
“It seems like the 20th-century expectation we had, we were always assuming the future entailed greater consumption of resources," Ausubel said. "But what we are seeing in the developed countries is, of course, peaks.”
63.What does the underlined word"trade-offs"refer to in the first paragraph
A. The balance between human development and natural ecology
B. The profitability of import and export trade.
C.The consumption of natural resources by industrial development
D. The difficult plight of economies growth.
64.Which ofthe following is true of the views of the new environmentalists
A.They believe that mankind should live in forests with rich vegetation
B.They believe that mankind will need more natural resources in the future.
C.They believe that mankind is the master of the whole universe.
D. They believe that mankind should limit economic growth
65.What can we infer from the last paragraph of the passage
A.Natural resources cannot support economic development.
B.More resource consumption will not occur in a certain period of time.
C.Excessive resource consumption will not affect the ecological environment
D. All resource consumption in developed countries has reached a peak
66. What is the passage mainly about
A. Urbanization and re-wildness.
B. Human existence and industrial development
C.Socioeconomic development and resource consumption
D. Commodity trading and raw material development
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A.However,this is not the case when libraries lend e-books. B. This may not be a big issue now, for e-books are minor in publishing. C. Also, publishers assume get more profits from libraries where readers pay them more. D. Publishing contracts often don't specify whether and how much authors receive for e-books sales or for e-lending. E. Extension alone would do little if the current funds under the schemes were merely re-distributed from books to e-books. F. For this reason, authors and publishers have been talking the Government into extending the Lending Rights Schemes to e-books.
Should Writers Be Paid for Their E-books Lent by Libraries
When libraries lend books to the public, authors and publishers receive remuneration from the Government under the Lending Rights schemes. (67 )_____________ Is this fair
This year, the government has distributed almost a $ 22 million under these Public Lending Rights and Educational Lending Rights Schemes. For each book in public library collections creators receive $ 2.1l and publishers receive $ 0.52.
The amount that each claimant receives is often not very significant, with the majority of authors receiving between S 100-500 annually, Still, a previous study has revealed that this remuneration constitutes the second most important source of income for creators from their creative work..
E-books, however, are not covered by these Lending Rights schemes. (68)____________ But e-book lending is increasing and, according to the Australian Library and Information Association, e-books are likely to reach 20% of library holdings by 2020. Also, most, if not all, self-published titles are done so in digital format only. Such self-published titles , if lent by libraries ,would not qualify for any remuneration.
(69) _____________ Although the Book Industry Collaborative Council made such proposal already in a report of 2013 , nothing has happened of yet.
One of the main reasons why e-books are not covered is that e-book lending is quite different from print book lending. In case of print books, authors and publishers are arguably losing on customers and revenues when libraries loan their books for free.Creators only receive $2. 11 and publishers receive $0. 52 for each book in public library collections.
At present, in the case of -books, many publishers chose not to sell these books to libraries.( 70)_______
While publishers charge libraries high prices for e-books, writers complain that these amounts do not reach them. Publishing contracts often don't specify whether and how much authors receive for e-books sales or for e-lending.
IV.Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Neuroscientists usually define a singular memory as an engram ( 记忆印记)--a physical change in brain tissue associated with a particular recollection. Recently, brain scans revealed that an engram isn't isolated to one region of the brain and instead manifests as a colorful splattering across the neural tissue. “A memory looks more like a web in the brain than a single spot,” says neuroseientist and National Geographic Explorer Steve Ramirez of Boston University. That's because when a memory is created, it includes all the visual, auditory, and tactile inputs that make an experience memorable , and brain cells are encoded from all of those regions.
Now, scientists are even able to track how memories move across the brain, like detectives finding footprints in the snow. While at MIT in 2013, Ramirez and his research partner Xu Liu had a breakthrough: They were able to target the cells that make up one engram in a mouse's brain and then implant a false memory.
In their work , mice reacted in fear to a particular stimulus even when they had not been conditioned in advance. While mouse brains are less advanced than the human equivalent , Ramirez says they can still help neuroscientists understand how our memories work , too.
In their current work, Ramirez. and his colleagues are investigating whether positive and negative memories are stored in different groups of brain cells , and whether negative memories can be "overwritten by positive ones. To prep mice for the experiments, the team injects the animals’ brains with a virus that contains fluorescent proteins and surgically implants optic fibers. The mice are then given a diet that prevents the virus from fluorescing until the researchers are ready to tag a positive or negative experience. Positive memories are created by putting male mice in cages with female mice for an hour, and negative memories are created by putting the mice in cages that deliver brief foot shocks. Once the mice have been conditioned to associate certain triggers with each experience , they undergo a short surgical operation so the scientists can stimulate the cells associated with the positive or negative engrams.
They are finding that activating positive memories while a mouse is in a cage it associates with fear makes that mouse less fearful. Using a different technique , University of' Toronto neuroscientist Sheena Josselyn was able to completely eliminate fear memories in mice.
71.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets
72他已经几十年没见过如此壮观的日出了。(since)
73小张昨天在田里播下种子，期待来的丰收。(sow)
74鉴于手机打车不熟悉的老人不在少数，这家公司提供了一系列服务来满足他们的需求。(a few)
75正是因为贯彻“顾客为本”的理念，那个落寂已久的社区商场才得以重回大众视线。(It)
VI.Guided Writing (共25分)
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese
假如你是明启中学的高三学生李明。入冬以来，你们学校组织全校师生进行晨跑，时间在7:30到7:50，休息5分钟之后准备上第一节课。但是有同学反映，晨跑后身体不适，因此校方委托学生会向同学们征集对晨跑的意见，请你向学生会写封邮件。要求：
你认为晨跑安排中存在的问题；
提出改进的建议和理由。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2022年1月全国普通高等学校招生统一考试
上海 英语试卷
Listening Comprehension Section A （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）
Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The Lights of Aurora
On the night of 2 September1859, the dark sky over Europe and North America was suddenly full of light!The light did no come from the sun or the moon and it had a strange colour. The light moved across the sky, (21)___________( come ) and going, like clouds in a strong wind in the United States, a man in Boston was using the telegraph to speak to a man in Portand160kmaway They both turned off the electricity for the telegraph, but (22)__________ could still speak to each other for the next two hours. The electricity was coming from the light in the sky. How was this possible And what was the light in the sky
The light is called the aurora. Usually. you can see it only at the very north of the earth,(23)_______it is called aurora borealis or Northerm Lights, or at the very south, where it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights. But in 1859, something happened in the sun-a very large storm-and it moved the aurora across the middle of the earth. We do not think that his ever happened before 1859, and we know that it (24)________ (not happen) since then.
Why does the aurora happen And why can we only see it at the top or bottom of the earth The aurora is made by something (25)__________(call) the ‘'solar wind’( wind from the sun). We cannot see this wind, or touch it. It is a wind of particles that travel away from the sun at the time at about 400 kilometers a second. Most of the particles never touch the earth The earth has a kind of ‘wall’ around it that defends it(26)________these particles. This wall is called the earth's magnetic field,and it pushes the particles away on either side, But the earth's magnetic field has two “windows” in it: the magnetic north, and the magnetic south. At these places. the earth's magnetic field turns down into the earth. And some of the particles from the solar wind come through these magnetic ' windows'. These solar particles crash is to the particles tat are already in our sky. And ( 27 )_________this happens. we see the beautiful lines or clouds of light of the aurora.
Alaska is a good place ( 28 )________( see ) the auurora borealis , and you can also go to places like Iceland, Siberia , the north of Greenland , Norway , Sweden, and Scotland To seethe aurora australis , go to the south of Australia , Tasmania , or New Zealand.
People travel thousands of kilometers to see the aurora , and they can never be sure ( 29)_______it will happen .But (30) _______________do see it say that they will never forget it.
【答案】
21.coming 22.they 23.where 24,has not happened 25.called
26.against 27.when/as 28.to see 29.that 30.whoever
【解析】
21.coming
[解析]考查现在分词。根据句子结构，空格处提示动词与“going”并列，所以形式应保持一致，所以填入 coming。句意:光在天空中移动，来来去去，就像强风中的云。
22.they
[解析]考查代词作作主语。根据句子结构，该句缺主语，结合前面的“They both turned off the electricity for the telegraph,”可知这后半句的主语也为“they”，故填入they。句意:他们俩都关掉了电报机的电源，但在接下来的两个小时里，他们仍然可以互相交谈。
23.where
[解析]考查定语从句。根据后面的“or at the very south,where it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights.”可知此处同样是一个定语从句，也是用关系副词where 作后面从句的地点状语。故填入 where。句意:通常，你只能在地球的最北边看到它，在那里它被称为北极光，或者在地球的最南边，它被称为南极光。24.has not happened
[解析]考查现在完成时的否定结构。此处的宾语从句缺谓语动词，结合“since”可知此处的时态为现在完成时，故填入 has not happened。句意:我们不认为这种情况在 1859 年以前发生过，我们知道从那以后也没有发生过。
25.called
[解析]考查过去分词作后置定语。根据句子的谓语动词 is made，判定空格处的动词为非谓语结构，而且分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词的过去分词作后置定语修饰 something，故填入 called。句意: 极光是由一种叫做“太阳风来自太阳的风)的东西产生的。
26.against
[解析]查介词。此处考查固定搭配 defend...against... 保卫...以免受...)，故填入 against。句意:地球周围有一种“墙”，可以保护它不受这些粒子的影响。
27.when/as
[解析]考查时间状语从句。本段一开始提到“Why does the aurora happen (为什么会发生极光 )”，可知本段解释了极光是如何发生的，那么此处说的应是“当这种情况发生时，我们就会看到美丽的极光线或云”，这是一个时间状语从句,故填入“when/as”。句意:当这种情况发生时，我们就会看到美丽的极光线或云。
28.to see
[解析]考查动词不定式。根据句子谓语动词 is 判定空格处提示动词是非谓语动词结构，而此处考查的是句式:(It+is+a/an+名词+to+do+sth.)，故填入 to see句意:阿拉斯加是观赏北极光的好地方。
29.that
[解析]考查宾语从句。根据 be sure 后面的 it will happen，判定从句作的是宾语的成分，故此处用 that 引导宾语从句，填入 that。句意:人们千里迢迢去看极光,却永远无法确定它是否会发生。
30.whoever
[解析]考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知此句缺主语，而后面宾语从句的主语为 they，再结合前面提到的“人们千里迅通去看极光”，说明极光很受欢迎，可以推测出这里的句意为“但是看到它的人都说他们永远不会忘记它”，也就是“无论是谁看到了它都说永远不会忘记它”，故填入 whoever。句意:但是看到它的人都说他们永远不会忘记它。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
characteristics B. diverse C. employ D. function E issue F. Integration hit H. military I. potential J. schemes K. wearers
Future Fashion: Biometric Bodysuits
A team of the Applied Nano Bioscience Center at Arizona State University has built prototypes(原型)of biometric bodysuits.They can detect chemical attacks, deliver drugs to their(31)________, or even perfume scents if your body temperature rises too much. The(32)________ version of the Scentsory Chameleon Bodysuit incorporates fuel cells to provide a lightweight source of power for the soldier's equipment. The civilian one can monitor your heart or blood pressure, deliver interactive games or simply work as a wearable computer. You will even be able to download new colors and patterns from the Web to change your appearance according to this article from East Valley Tribune in Arizona. Both versions should(33) ______the market within a few years.
Fredere Zenhausen, director of the Applied Nano Bioscience Center at ASU, has joined with Ghassan Jabbour, a professor at the University of Arizona, to develop two prototypes of "Biometric bodysuits" that contain embedded sensors, power sources, microfluidic devices and other gadgets not normally associated with the latest Paris fashions. Such "smart" clothing could (34) __________future soldiers early waning of chemical attacks or automatically deliver insulin to diabetics, Zenhausemn said "The biometric bodysuit shows how electronics and Fuidies (流体学)can be incorporated into clothing to perform a wide range of (35) ______ tasks, from highly functional to the aesthetic " he said.
The civilian Chameleon will have somewhat different(36)____________. Its biometric outfit demonstrates how miniature electronics could be embedded in clothing to promote health is made of clear vinyl(乙烯基) and white plastics to show the placement of various electronic and fuidic devices. In the future such an outfit could diagnose diseases and deliver medications to the wearer, monitor heart rate or blood pressure, deliver interactive games and other forms of entertainment or(37) ___________as a wearable computer.
Another possibility would be to download different designs from the Internet so the fabric could change colors ind patterns , Zenhausern suid. And if could all be made to look stylish by the (38)________of electronics and high-fashion designs , he said. In fact, the concept of embedding microelectronics in fabrics has ( 39 ) _____________ far beyond clothing. Sheila Kennedy , an Boston-based architect and visiting professor at the Harvard Universally Graduate School of Design , sees possibilities to (40 )__________the technology in building design. As an example , she said window shades containing organic light emitting diodes (二极管 ) could produce electricity from sunlight that would help generate power.
【答案】31-40 KHGEB ADFIC
【详解】
31.K【解析】结合该空前提及的A team of the Applied NanoBioscience Center at Arizona State University has built prototypes (原型) of biometric bodysuits可知，此处讲述内容与“生物识别紧身衣”相关，再结合相关选项分析，可推知此处想要表述的是“这种衣服可以检测到化学攻击，甚至在体温过高时，可以给他们的穿戴者（wearers）送药物，甚至是香水”，故选K。wearers n.穿用者；佩戴者。
32.H【解析】根据句子结构分析，此处需要填入形容词，再结合该空之后提及的 to provide a lightweight source of power for the soldier’s equipment可知，此处提到了“士兵”，即该空与军队有关，分析选项推知，此处想要表述的是“军用版的（military）Scentsory变色龙连体衣采用了燃料电池，为士兵的装备提供了一种轻质的电源”，故选H。military adj.军事的；军用的；n.军人；军队；武装力量。
33.G【解析】根据句子结构分析，此处should之后应该用动词原形，结合相关选项分析，hit符合文章所要表述的“这两个版本都将在几年内打入市场”，hit the market为固定搭配，意为“冲击市场/打入市场/上市”，故选G。hit v.打；撞击；进攻。
34.E【解析】根据句子结构分析，情态动词could后应填入动词原形，再结合首段提及的They can detect chemical attacks以及该空后提及的early warning of chemical attacks or automatically deliver insulin to diabetics可推知，此处想要表述的是“这种“智能”服装可以向未来的士兵发出化学攻击的早期警告”，根据相关选项分析，issue有“发出”之意，故选E。issue n.问题；发行；期号；子嗣；v.发布；发出（发表；供给；出版。
35.B【解析】根据句子结构分析，此处需要填入形容词修饰tasks，再结合该空前a wide range of的限制和修饰，可推知，此处想要表述的是“生物识别紧身衣展示了电子和流体技术(流体学) 可以结合到服装中，以执行从高度功能到审美的各种不同的（diverse）任务”，故选B。diverse adj.形形色色的；不同的。
36.A【解析】根据句子结构分析，此处需要填入名词，再结合上文对军用智能服装的表述以及此处对民用智能服装的表述，可推知，此处主要是想表述“民用智能服装存在一些不同的特征（characteristics）”，故选A。characteristics n.特性；特征；独特性。
37.D【解析】根据该空前提及的such an outfit could diagnose diseases and deliver medications to the wearer, monitor heart rate or blood pressure, deliver interactive games and other forms of entertainment等相关内容，可知此处主要在说明这一装备所具有的一些功能，再结合句子结构分析，该空处需要填入动词。因此，结合相关选项合上文内容推知，此处想要表述的是“在未来，这样的装备可以诊断疾病，向佩戴者提供药物，监测心率或血压，提供互动游戏和其他形式的娱乐，或作为可穿戴电脑进行工作（function）”，故选D。function n.功能；v. 发挥功能。
38.F【解析】根据句子结构分析，此处需要填入名词，再结合该空之前提及的stylish和该空之后提及的electronics and high-fashion designs可推知，这里想要将两者整合使之变得时尚，即此处想要表述的是“通过电子产品和高级时尚设计的结合（integration），它可以看起来很时尚”，故选F。integration n.结合；整合；一体化。
39.I【解析】结合该空之后提及的far beyond clothing以及下文讲述的关于将这一技术使用于建筑领域当中的可能性，可推知，此处想要表述的是“事实上，在织物中嵌入微电子的概念所拥有的潜力（potential）远不止于服装”，故选I。potential adj.潜在的；n.潜力；可能性。
40.C【解析】根据句子结构，此处需要填入动词原形，结合上文内容以及该段所举的例子As an example, she said window shades containing organic light emitting diodes could produce electricity from sunlight that would help generate power可知，这里讲述了相关技术在建筑领域的运用，即推知此处想要表述的是“她看到了在建筑设计中采用（employ）这项技术的可能性”，故选C。employ v.雇用；采用；利用。
长难句
第二段的第一句。此句为复合句主句主干为Frederic Zenhausern, ..., has joined with....从句为that引导的定语从句，从句谓语动词为contain主句主语同位语director ... at ASU主句宾语同位语a professor ...Arizona主句的非谓语作目的状语to develop...从句的过去分词作定语 embedded sensors从句的过去分词作后置定语not normally associated with
文章翻译
未来时尚：生物识别连体服
亚利桑那州立大学应用纳米生物科学中心的一个团队已经制造出生物识别紧身衣的原型。它们可以探测化学攻击。如果你的体温升高太多，给他们送药，甚至香水。军用版的Scentory Chameleo连体衣采用了燃料电池，为士兵装备提供了一种轻型电源。民用电脑可以监测你的心脏或血压，提供互动游戏，或者只是作为一台可穿戴电脑工作。根据亚利桑那州《东谷论坛报》的这篇文章，你甚至可以从网上下载新的颜色和图案来改变自己的外表。这两个版本都将在几年内上市。
亚利桑那州立大学应用纳米生物科学中心主任弗雷德里克·曾豪森与亚利桑那大学教授加桑·贾布尔一起开发了两种原型“生物统计学体装”，它包含嵌入式传感器、电源、微流体装置和其他与最新巴黎时尚不相关联的小玩意。曾豪森说，这种“智能”服装可以向未来的士兵发出化学攻击的早期警告，或者自动向糖尿病患者输送胰岛素。他说：“生物识别紧身衣展示了如何将电子和流体技术融入服装中，以执行从高功能到美观的各种任务”。
民用这种有一些不同的特征。它的生物识别装备展示了如何将微型电子设备嵌入衣服中以促进健康。它由透明乙烯基和白色塑料制成，用于显示各种电子和流体设备的位置。在未来，这种装备可以诊断疾病并向佩戴者提供药物，监测心率或血压，提供互动游戏和其他形式的娱乐，或作为可穿戴计算机发挥作用。
曾豪森说，另一种可能是从互联网上下载不同的设计，这样织物可以改变颜色和图案。他说，通过电子产品和高端时尚设计的结合，这一切都可以让它看起来时尚。
事实上，将微电子技术嵌入织物的概念远不止于服装。希拉·肯尼迪是波士顿的建筑师，也是哈佛大学设计研究生院的客座教授，她看到了将这项技术应用于建筑设计的可能性。例如，她说，含有有机发光二极管的窗帘可以从阳光中产生电能，有助于发电。
Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context
Artificially sweetened diet drinks make no difference to weight gain and should not be seen as healthier than their sugar-laden counterparts, according to a team of experts, A review of research evidence concludes there is nothing to support claims that sugar free versions of popular soft drinks can help (4l) _______obesity and related diseases such as Type 2 diabetes. Industry sponsored studies reporting"favourable"associations between diet drinks and weight loss may be biased, it claims.
There have been concerns that diet drinks, known as artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs), might lead people to consume more calories by(42) ________sweet flavour taste buds. The new study found that evidence (43) _________the healthiness of ASBs was inconclusive with randomized controlled trials (RCTs) producing mixed results. Senor investigator Professor Christopher Millett said: "A common perception, which may be influenced by industry marketing, is that because ‘diet’ drinks have no sugar, they must be healthier and aid weight loss when used as a(n)(44)for full sugar versions However, we found no solid evidence to support this
The researchers pointed out that research supported by food or beverage companies was more likely to find no evidence of links between sugary drink (45) _________ and obesity than non-industry sponsored research. Similarly, ASB industry-sponsored research was "more likely to report favourable results and (46) ________ regarding ASB effects on weight control”
In many cases. researchers had failed to disclose (47) __________of interest relating to links with the food industry. it was claimed. Coauthor Dr Marin Carolina Borges said: “The lack of solid evidence on the health effects of ASBs and the potential influence of bias from industry funded studies should be taken seriously when discussing whether ASBs are (48) __________ alternatives to SSBs ( sugar-sweetened beverages)."
Leading British nutritionist Professor Susan Jebb said despite the mixed evidence, there was no reason to believe that replacing sugary drinks with artificially sweetened (49)________ did any harm She said , “For people seeking to manage their weight , tap water is (50)__________the best drink to choose , for health and the environment , but far many people who are used to drinking sugary drinks, this will be loo hard a change to (51)_________. Artificially sweetened drinks are a step in the ( 52 )__________ direction to cut calories." Dietitian Professor Tom Sanders, was also critical of the research, calling it “an opinion piece rather than a ( n )(53)___________review of the evidence”. He ( 54)____________ “The conclusion that reduced sugar or sugar-free drinks should not be promoted or seen as part of a healthy diet seems unwarranted and likely to add to public (55 )_____________.”
A. relieve B. oppose C. prevent D. bother
A. inserting B. stimulating C.enhancing D.securing
A. resulting from B. referring to C.depending on D. relating to
A. Substitute B.proposal C.suspect D.implication
A. Efficiency B.consumption C.distribution D.modernization
A. appointments B.instructions C.performances D.conclusions
47. A. threats B. matters C. conflicts D.appeals
48. A. adequate B.essential C.available D. deliberate
49. A initiatives B.alternatives C.objectives D.representatives
50. A. without question B. beyond description
C. around the corner D. in consequence
51. A. settle B. route C. mend D. make
A. wrong B. right C. proper D. opposite
53. A. democratic B. automatic C. systematic D. dramatic
54. A. transferred B. ranged C. accessed D. added
55. A. fascination B. ambition C.confusion D. Isolation
【答案】41-55 CBDAB DCABA DBCDC
【详解】
41 C [解析]根据前文 “Artificially sweetened diet drinks make no difference to weight gain and should not be seen as healthier than their sugar-laden counterparts according to a team of expents. (一组专家称，人工加糖的无糖饮料对增重没有影，世不应现为比合饮料更健康。)”，再分析选项可知此处说的是无糖再五法报助规防一些疾。句意为”一项对研究证据的综述得出结论，没有任何上歌支按通行款收的无鹏版本有助于预防(prevent) 肥胖和2型糖尿病等相关药醒的说社，故选C.relieve v.解除，减轻，缓和: oppose v.反对(计划、政通)抵: prevent v.防止: 刚止;照码: bother v.打扰:花费时间精力(做某事）。
42.B[解析]结合前面的“might lead people to consume more calories(导致人们摄入更多的卡路里)”，分析选项可知，这是甜味味蕾被刺激后的结果，此处句意为“有人担心，被称为人工加糖饮料(ASBs)的无糖饮料可能会刺激 (stimulating )人们的甜味味蕾，导致人们摄入更多的卡路里”，故选 B。inserting v.插入;入;stimulating v.促进;激发，刺激;enhancing v，提高;增强;增进;securing v获得，取得，实现。
43.D[解析]结合选项，此处用“与 ASBs 健康相关的”更符合语境及逻辑，此处句意为“新的研究发现，与 ASBs 健康相关的(relating to) 证据是不确定的，随机对照试验(rct)产生了混合的结果”，故选 D。resulting from 由于;referring to提及;参阅; depending on 依据，根据;relating to 关于;涉及。
44.A[解析]分析选项，根据常识可知，为了减肥，人们会将无糖饮料作为全粗饮料的替代品，此处句意为“人们普遍认为，由于“无糖饮料不含糖，所以作为全糖饮料的替代品(substitute)，它们肯定更健康，有助于减肥，这可能是受行业营销的影响”，故选A。substitute n.代用品，代替者;代替者;proposal n.提议建议;求婚;suspect n.犯罪嫌疑人;嫌疑犯;implication n.可能的影响(或作用、结果);含意;暗指。
45.B[解析]前面提到为了减肥，人们会将无糖饮料作为全糖饮料的替代品，分析选项可知，此处只有“含糖饮料的消费与肥胖”更符合逻辑及语境。句意为“研究人员指出，与非行业赞助的研究相比，食品或饮料公司支持的研究更有可能找不到含糖饮料消费(consumption)与肥胖之间联系的证据”，故选 B。efficiency n效率;效能;consumption n.消耗，消耗量;费:distribution n.分配:分布;分发;modernization n.现代化;维新:现代化之事物。
46.D[解析]该词与“results (结果)”并列，所以它们的意思应该是相近的，分析选项可知此处应选“conclusions”。句意为“同样，ASB 行业费助的研究“更有可能报告关于 ASB 对体重控制效果的有利结果和结论 (conclusions)“故选 D。appointments n.约会;预约:约定;instructions n.说明书;指示;命令;performance:n.表演;演出:conclusions n. 结论:推论:结束。
47.C[解析]分析选项，此处用“利益冲突”更符合语境及逻辑，句意为“报告称，在许多情况下，研究人员未能披露与食品行业相关的利益冲突(conflicts)”，故选C。threats n.威胁;恐吓;凶兆: matters n.课题: 事情; 问题:事态;conflicts n.争执:争论:(军事)冲突:战斗; appeals n. 上诉;申诉;吸引力。
48.A[解析]根据前面的“The lack of solid evidence on the health effects of ASBs and the potential influence of bias from industry funded studies should be taken seriously(应该认真对待 ASB 对健康影响的确凿证据以及行业资助研究的潜在偏见影响)”，再分析选项可知这是在讨论 ASB 是否是含糖饮料的合格替代品时应该考虑的问题。句意为“在讨论 ASB 是否是含糖饮料的合格 (adequate) 替代品时，应该认真对待 ASB 对健康影响的确凿证据以及行业资助研究的潜在偏见影响”，故选A。adequate ad;.充足的;足够的;合格的;essential adj.本质的;必不可少的: available adj.可获得的;可购得的;deliberate adj. 故意的;蓄意的;存心的。
49.B[解析]结合前文及语境可推知此处句意为“英国著名营养学家苏珊·杰布教授说，尽管证据好坏参半，但没有理由相信用人工加糖的替代品 (alternatives)取代含糖饮料会有任何伤害”，故选 B。initiatives n.倡议;新方案:主动性:alternatives n.普代品;可供选择的事物: objectives n.目标;目的: representatives n.代表;销售代表。
50.A[解析]自来水就是最好的饮料。结合选项可知作者在此处想要表达的是“对下那些想控制体重的人来说，从健康和环境的角度来说，自来水无疑 (without question)尼最好的饮料选择”，故选 A。without question 毫无疑间(表示强调自巴的观点;毫无疑问地;毫无异议地;beyond description 难以形容，无法形容:around the comer 在拐角处:即将发生，在附近: in consequence 结果;因此。
51.D[解析]分析选项，“make a change (做出改变)”符合及语境，此处句为“但对于许多习惯喝含糖饮料的人来说，这将是一个太难的改变”，故选 D。settle v.解(分歧、纠纷等): 定居，结来: route v.按某路线发送: mend v.修现，修补:缝补;make v.制作，制造，组装。
52.B[解析] 结合语境及选项可推知此处句意为“人工加糖饮料是朝着减少卡路但的正确(right)方向边出的一步”，故选 B。 wrong adj.错误的，不对的 right adj.正确的;真正的，真实的: proper adj.适当的，正确的:恰当的: opposite adj.对面的;另一边的;相反的。
53.C[解析]根据前面的“was also critical of the research”可知这个营养学家是对这项研究提出了批评的。分析选项可知此处句意为“营养学家汤姆·桑德斯教授也对这项研究提出了批评,称其为·一篇观点文章,而不是对证据的系统(systematic)回顾”，故选C。 democratic adj.民主的;民主政体的;民主制度的;automatic adj.自动的;无意识的;不假思索的;systematic adj.成体系的;系统的;有条理的;dramatic adj.戏剧性的;引人注目的;戏剧的。
54.D[解析]这里还是该教授的观点，所以该空为“补充道”。此处句意为“他补充道(added)”，故选 D。transferred v.(使)转移，搬迁;(使)调动;转职;ranged v.(在一定的范围内)变化，变动;accessed v.访问，存取(计算机文件); 到达:进入;使用;added v.增加;加添;补充
55.C[解析]根据前面的“The conclusion that reduced sugar or sugar-free drinks should not be promoted or seen as part of a healthy diet seems unwarranted (减小糖或无糖饮料不应该被推广或视为健康饮食的一部分的结论似乎没有根据)”，这会导致的结果是“很可能会增加公众的困惑 (confusion)”。故选 C。fascination n.魅力;极大的吸引力;入迷;ambition n.追求的目标:夙愿;野心;confusion n.混乱;混淆;困惑;isolation n.隔离，分离;孤立，孤独。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
If a single word can describe our daily life during those first three years, it is "scrounge"(讨要)Every waking moment we were concentrating on how the hell we would be able to save up enough dough(面团;钱)to do whatever it was we had to do. Usually it was just break even. And there's nothing romantic about it. either. Remember the famous stanza n Omar Khayyám You know,the book of verses underneath the bough, the loaf of bread, the jug of wine and so forth Substitute Scott on Trusts for that book of verses and see how this poetic vision stacks up against my idyllic existence. Ah, paradise No, bullshit. All I'd think about is how much that book was (could we get it secondhand ) and where, if anywhere, we might be able to charge that bread and wine. And then how we might ultimately scrounge up the dough to pay off our debts.
Life changes. Even the simplest decision mast be scrutinized by the ever vigilant budget committee of your mind.
“Hey, Oliver, let's go see Becket tonight.”
“Listen, it's three bucks.”
“What do you mean ”
“ I mean a buck fifty for you and a buck fifty for me.”
“Does that mean yes or no ”
"Neither. It just means three bucks."
Our honeymoon was spent on a yacht and with twenty-one children.That is, I sailed a thirty-six-foot Rhodes from seven in the morning till whenever my passengers had enough, and Jenny was a children's counselor. It was a place called the Pequod Boat Club in Dennis Port (not far from Hyannis) an establishment that included a large hotel, a marina and several dozen houses for rent. In one of the tinier bungalows, I have nailed an imaginary plaque(匾牌): “Oliver and Jenny slept here.I think it's a tribute to us both that after a long day of being kind to our customers, for we were largely dependent on their tips for our income, Jenny and I were nonetheless kind to each other. Is imply say "kind", because I lack the vocabulary to describe what loving and being loved by Jennifer Cavilleri is like. Sorry, I mean Jennifer Barrett.
Before leaving for the Cape, we found a cheap apartment in North Cambridge. I called it North Cambridge, although the address was technically in the town of Somerville and the house was, as Jenny described it,“in the state of disrepair”. It had originally been a two-family structure, now converted into four apartments, overpriced even at its“cheap"rental. But what he hell can graduate students do It's a seller's market.
56.What can we learn from the conversation between Oliver and Jenny
A. None of them wanted to see Becket.
B. They didn't have three bucks.
C. Jenny was wasting money.
D. Oliver was a thrifty man.
57.Why were Oliver and Jenny friendly to customers
A. They were both counselors for children.
B. They needed to get tips from customers.
C. They didn't have enough room to live in
D. That was the rule on the yacht.
58. By "in the state of disrepair", the author implies that ___________.
A. the apartment was very cheap
B. the apartment was very expensive
C. their accommodation is not decent
D. their accommodation is very decent
59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A. A couple's debt repayment process
B. A couple's honeymoon trip
C. A couple’ s hard life
D. A couple's life on a yacht
【答案】56-59 DBCC
【解析】
56.D[解析]根据对话内容可知，Jenny 提议要去看 Becket，一共需要 3 美元而在 Oliver 看来，这意味着 Jenny 要花1美元 50美分，Oliver 自己也要花1美元50美分，可见 oliver 是个节俭的人。A (没有人想见 Becket)、B(他们没有三美元)、C (Jenny 在浪费钱) 都说法错误，D (Oliver 是个节俭的人)正确，故选D。
57.B[解析]根据文章最后一段的 I think it's a tribute to us both that after a long day of being kind to our customers, for we were largely dependent on their tips for our income,可知这对夫妇对顾客友好了一整天，是因为他们的收入很大程度上依赖F他们的小费。A(因为他们都是儿童辅导员)、C (因为他们没有足够的空间做爱)、D(因为那是游艇上的规定) 都说法错误，B(因为他们需要从顾客那里得到小费)正确，故选 B。
58.C [解析]“in the stale of disrepair”的意思是“年久失修”，说明这对夫妇住的不好，A(这个公寓很便宜)、B (这个公寓很贵)、D(他们的住所很体面) 都说法错误，C(他们的住所不体面) 正确，故选 C。
59.C[解析]根据整篇文章分析，文章通过对话、这对夫妇在游艇上的拮据生活以及他们搬到的新住所的坏境可以看出文章主要描述了这对夫妇的艰难生活，A一对夫妇的债务偿还过程)、B(一对夫妇的蜜月旅行)、D(一对夫妇在游艇上的生活)都说法错误，C(一对夫妇的艰难生活) 正确，故选 C。
(B)
Summer Camp Rules
Whether it s your child's first year at camp , or they are a seasoned camper and need a little refresher , it’s a good idea to go over summer camp rules and guidelines before leaving for camp. Camp rules are in place lo keep the camp community safe and camp operations running smoothly throughout their stay.
Keep Your Personal Space Clean
Since your child will be in close quarters with many other campers , it’s important that they understand the necessity of keeping their sleeping and living areas organized.
Go over ways for your child to stay organized and tidy before they leave for camp. When packing, make sure to provide a laundry bag to keep clean and dirty clothing separate. Utilize under bed space or put clothes on your shelves or cabinets rather than living out of your suitcase or camp trunk.
It also helps to not over pack. Follow packing list guidelines closely so your child can find what they need without having to dig through piles of clothing that were not recommended. This also helps you child know what they have in their luggage so they pull out the sweatshirt when it gets cold. instead of thinking there wasn't one in their bag. Remind your child of their camp account so they can purchase items from the camp store if necessary.
2. Valuables at Camp
As a best practice, we recommend leaving all valuables at home, Even if your child has a bracelet or necklace that they never take off, there is still the chance that it could be lost while swimming or participating in camp activities
If you are thinking about bringing an expensive item of clothing, be prepared for it to gel lost or damaged. You may be better off buying a new, less expensive version. To be on the safe side, don't let your child bring anything irreplaceable or emotionally valuable to camp.
3. Play Nice
Name calling,fighting, bullying, and arguing are strictly prohibited at summer camp Camp is a place to make friends, so aggressive behavior is not tolerated. Remind your child that they don't have to be everybody's best friend, but they do have to be friendly to everyone.
Encourage your child to go into camp with the mindset of making a few new friends, and chances are they will leave camp having made more than a few.
4. Have Fun and Try New Things
At the end of the day, summer camp is about getting out of your comfort zone, trying new things, and having a blast. Before your child leaves for camp, congratulate them for being brave enough to try sleep away amp in the first place. Let them know that they've already won just by trying, and the fun part is just about to begin. Remind them again that summer camp rules exist only to improve the overall camp experience and to create a community of fun.
What is the purpose of clarifying the rules of summer camp
Enrich children's summer camp operation
Ensure the safety of children participating in summer camp
Cultivate children's ability to survive in the wild
Help children develop good cleaning habits
61.Which of the following behaviors is advocated by the summer camp
A. Take your favorite valuables
B Fight with camping friends
C. Avoid participating in hazardous activities
D. Keep personal camping supplies in order
62. What is the passage mainly about
A. Enjoy the unique fun brought by new things
B. Make good friends wherever you are
C. Follow the rules of summer camp
D. Get enough sleep before camping
【答案】60-62 BDC
60.B[解析]根据文章第一段最后一句提及的 Camp rules are in place to keep the camp community safe and camp operations running smoothly throughout their stay 可知，明确夏令营规则主要是为了确保营地社区的安全，并保证营地在整个逗留期可平稳远行，换言之就是为了确保参与露营孩子的个人安全，B 项表述正确，故达B。
61.D[解析]根据文章第五段第一句提及的 As a best practice, we recommend leaving all valuables at home 可知，夏营并不希望人们随身携带贵重物品，而应汽指贵业物品留在家中，A项不是夏今营提倡的行为;根据文章第七段提及的Name calling, lighting, bullying, and arguing are strictly prohibited at summer camp可知，夏令营严禁辱骂、打架、欺凌和争吵等行为，B 项的行为是被夏令营所禁的:项文未明确挑及，根据文靠第二段提及的 it's important that they understand the necessity of keeping their sleeping and living areas organized 和下 天内容可知，保持个人路营用品的整洁有序是夏令营所提倡的行为，D 项表述正确，选D。
62.C[解折]根期整篇文章内容分析，本文主要讲述和介绍了在参加夏令营时需要追守的机关规则，由此可知C项的“进守夏令营的规则”这一表述正确，其余选现难以概括全文且部分装述有误，故选 C。
(C)
Conservationists go to war over whether humans are the measure of nature's value. New Conservationists argue such trade-offs are necessary in this human dominated epoch. And they support “re-wilding", a concept originally proposed by Soule where people curtail economic growth and withdraw from landscapes, which then return to nature.
New Conservationists believe the withdrawal could happen together with economic growth The California-based Breakthrough Institute believes in a future where most people live in cities and rely less on natural resources for economic growth.
They would get food from industrial agriculture. including genetically modified foods, desalination intensified meat production and aquaculture, all of which have a smaller land footprint. And they would get their energy from renewables and natural gas.
Driving these profound shifts would be greater efficiency of production, where more products could be manufactured from fewer inputs. And some unsustainable commodities would be replaced in the market by other, greener ones---natural gas for coal, for instance, explained Michael Heisenberg., president of the Breakthrough Institute. Nature would, in essence, be decoupled from the economy.
And then he added a caveat:"We are not suggesting decoupling as the paradigm to save the world, or that it solves all the problems or eliminates all the trade- offs.
Cynics( 悲观者) may say all this sounds too utopian, but Breakthrough maintains the world is already on this path toward decoupling. Nowhere is this more evident than in the United Sates, according to Iddo Wernick, a research scholar at the Rockefeller University, who has examined the nation’s use of 100 main commodities.
Wemck and his colleagues looked at data carefully from the U.S. Geological Survey National Minerals Information Center , which keeps a record of commodities used from 1900 through the present day. They found that the use of 36 commodities ( sand, ire ore , cotton etc.) in the U. S. Economy had peaked.
Another 53 commodities (nitrogen,timber, beef, etc. ) are being used more efficiently per dollar value of gross domestic product than in the pre-1970s era. Their use would peak soon, Wernick said.
Only 11commodities (industrial diamond, indium, chicken, etc.) are increasing in use (Greenwire, Nov.6), and most of these are employed by industries in small quantities to improve systems processes.Chicken use is rising because people are eating less beef, a desirable development since poultry cultivation has a smaller environmental footprint.
The numbers show the United States has not intensified resource consumption since the1970s even while increasing its GDP and population, said Jesse Ausubel of the Rockefeller University.
“It seems like the 20th-century expectation we had, we were always assuming the future entailed greater consumption of resources," Ausubel said. "But what we are seeing in the developed countries is, of course, peaks.”
63.What does the underlined word"trade-offs"refer to in the first paragraph
A. The balance between human development and natural ecology
B. The profitability of import and export trade.
C.The consumption of natural resources by industrial development
D. The difficult plight of economies growth.
64.Which ofthe following is true of the views of the new environmentalists
A.They believe that mankind should live in forests with rich vegetation
B.They believe that mankind will need more natural resources in the future.
C.They believe that mankind is the master of the whole universe.
D. They believe that mankind should limit economic growth
65.What can we infer from the last paragraph of the passage
A.Natural resources cannot support economic development.
B.More resource consumption will not occur in a certain period of time.
C.Excessive resource consumption will not affect the ecological environment
D. All resource consumption in developed countries has reached a peak
66. What is the passage mainly about
A. Urbanization and re-wildness.
B. Human existence and industrial development
C.Socioeconomic development and resource consumption
D. Commodity trading and raw material development
【答案】63~.66 ADBC
【解析】
63.A[解析]根据文章第一段第一句提及的 Conservationists go to war over whether humans are the measure of natures value 和划线词所在句子的相关描述，可知，此处的 trade-offs 所指的就是关于“人类社会发展与自然生态之间的平衡”，结合相关选项分析，A 项表述符合文意，其余选项文章未明确提及，故选 A64.D[解析]根据文章第二段第二句提及的 The California-based Breakthrough Institute believes in a future where most people live in cities and rely less on natural resources for economic growth 可知，新环保主义者认为，未来大多数人都生活城市，经济增长对自然资源的依赖更少，A 和B 项表述错误;C 项文章未提及根据文章第一段最后一句提及的 And they support"re-wilding,”a concept originally proposed by Soul where people curtail economic growth and withdraw from landscapes,which then return to nature 可知，新环保主义者提出了“重新野生化”这一概念，即人们限制经济增长，远离风景，然后回归自然，结合选项分析,D项表述正确，故选 D。
65.B[解析]根据文章最后一段以及倒数第二段提及的 The numbers show the United States has not intensified resource consumption since the 1970s even while increasing its GDP and population, said Jesse Ausubel of the Rockefeller University等相关表述可知，最后一段想要表述的是，更多的资源消耗在一个阶段时间内不会出现，B 项表述正确，其余选项表述有误，故选 B。
66.C[解析]根据整篇文章分析，本文主要讲述了经济发展与资源消耗相关的问题。文章首段以新环保主义者的相关观点引出文章主题，即对“人类是否是自然价值的衡量标准”展开了讨论，之后又讲述了关于自然资源消耗的相关猜想和实际情况等内容。总之,本文主要围绕人类社会经济发展与资源消耗进行观点表达,结合选项分析，C 项表述正确，其余选项与文意不符，故选 C。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A.However,this is not the case when libraries lend e-books. B. This may not be a big issue now, for e-books are minor in publishing. C. Also, publishers assume get more profits from libraries where readers pay them more. D. Publishing contracts often don't specify whether and how much authors receive for e-books sales or for e-lending. E. Extension alone would do little if the current funds under the schemes were merely re-distributed from books to e-books. F. For this reason, authors and publishers have been talking the Government into extending the Lending Rights Schemes to e-books.
Should Writers Be Paid for Their E-books Lent by Libraries
When libraries lend books to the public, authors and publishers receive remuneration from the Government under the Lending Rights schemes. (67 )________________________ Is this fair
This year, the government has distributed almost a $ 22 million under these Public Lending Rights and Educational Lending Rights Schemes. For each book in public library collections creators receive $ 2.1l and publishers receive $ 0.52.
The amount that each claimant receives is often not very significant, with the majority of authors receiving between S 100-500 annually, Still, a previous study has revealed that this remuneration constitutes the second most important source of income for creators from their creative work..
E-books, however, are not covered by these Lending Rights schemes. (68)____________ But e-book lending is increasing and, according to the Australian Library and Information Association, e-books are likely to reach 20% of library holdings by 2020. Also, most, if not all, self-published titles are done so in digital format only. Such self-published titles , if lent by libraries ,would not qualify for any remuneration.
(69) _____________ Although the Book Industry Collaborative Council made such proposal already in a report of 2013 , nothing has happened of yet.
One of the main reasons why e-books are not covered is that e-book lending is quite different from print book lending. In case of print books, authors and publishers are arguably losing on customers and revenues when libraries loan their books for free.Creators only receive $2. 11 and publishers receive $0. 52 for each book in public library collections.
At present, in the case of -books, many publishers chose not to sell these books to libraries.( 70)_______
While publishers charge libraries high prices for e-books, writers complain that these amounts do not reach them. Publishing contracts often don't specify whether and how much authors receive for e-books sales or for e-lending.
【答案】67-70 ABFC
【解析】
A[解析]根据文章标题以及该空前提及的 When libraries lend books to the public, authors and publishers receive remuneration from the Government under the Lending Rights schemes 和该空后提及的 Is this fair 可推知，此处是对两种图书代阅所获收益情况的比较，以判定其是否公平。结合相关选项推知，上文讲述了实体书的借阅收益来源情况，此处应该说明电子书借阅收益情况，故选 A。句意. 然而，当图书馆借出电子书时，情况并非如此。
B [解析]结合该空前提及的 E-books,however,are not covered by these Lending Rights schemes 可知，电子书目前没有受到相关拨款政策的支持，再结合下段内容分析，这里对电子书之后发展收益情况有所担忧。因此结合相关选项分析，此处需要将现在情况与将来情况进行衔接，B 项表述的内容符合文意，故选 B。句意:现在这可能不是一个大问题，因为电子书在出版方面是次要的。
F [解析]结合上段提及的关于电子书将来的发展猜想，以及该空之后提及的Although the Book Industry Collaborative Council made such proposal already in a report of 2013, nothing has happened of yet 可知，相关部门已经提出了建议，但并未得到实施。结合相关选项分析，该空处与“提出相关建议”有关，故选 F。句意:因此，作者和出版商一直在说服政府将借阅权计划扩展到电子书。
70.C [解析]结合该空前提及的 At present,in the case of e-books,many publishers chose not lo sell these books to libraries 和下段内容可知，此处在讲述有关于电子节出版商未将电子书卖给图书馆，而是通过向图书馆收取费用获得相关收益。结合相关选项分析，与电子书收益相关只有 C项符合，故选 C。句意:此外，出版商认为读者支付更多的图书馆会带来更多的利润。
IV.Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Neuroscientists usually define a singular memory as an engram ( 记忆印记)--a physical change in brain tissue associated with a particular recollection. Recently, brain scans revealed that an engram isn't isolated to one region of the brain and instead manifests as a colorful splattering across the neural tissue. “A memory looks more like a web in the brain than a single spot,” says neuroseientist and National Geographic Explorer Steve Ramirez of Boston University. That's because when a memory is created, it includes all the visual, auditory, and tactile inputs that make an experience memorable , and brain cells are encoded from all of those regions.
Now, scientists are even able to track how memories move across the brain, like detectives finding footprints in the snow. While at MIT in 2013, Ramirez and his research partner Xu Liu had a breakthrough: They were able to target the cells that make up one engram in a mouse's brain and then implant a false memory.
In their work , mice reacted in fear to a particular stimulus even when they had not been conditioned in advance. While mouse brains are less advanced than the human equivalent , Ramirez says they can still help neuroscientists understand how our memories work , too.
In their current work, Ramirez. and his colleagues are investigating whether positive and negative memories are stored in different groups of brain cells , and whether negative memories can be "overwritten by positive ones. To prep mice for the experiments, the team injects the animals’ brains with a virus that contains fluorescent proteins and surgically implants optic fibers. The mice are then given a diet that prevents the virus from fluorescing until the researchers are ready to tag a positive or negative experience. Positive memories are created by putting male mice in cages with female mice for an hour, and negative memories are created by putting the mice in cages that deliver brief foot shocks. Once the mice have been conditioned to associate certain triggers with each experience , they undergo a short surgical operation so the scientists can stimulate the cells associated with the positive or negative engrams.
They are finding that activating positive memories while a mouse is in a cage it associates with fear makes that mouse less fearful. Using a different technique , University of' Toronto neuroscientist Sheena Josselyn was able to completely eliminate fear memories in mice.
71.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
Possible 1: Memory is like a net in the brain. Scientists can even track the movement of the memory in the brain. At present, Sheena Josselyn, a neuroscientist at the university of the Toronto has used mice as experimental objects, using a different technology, which can completely eliminate the fear memory of mice. (49 words
Possible 2: Recently, brain scans revealed that an engram isn't isolated to one region of the brain and instead manifests as a colorful splattering across the neural tissue. Scientists not only tracked the movement of memory in the brain, but also studied the storage location and interaction between positive memory and negative memory.(51 words)
V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets
72他已经几十年没见过如此壮观的日出了。(since)
【参考答案】
It has been decades since he saw/witnessed such a spectacular sunrise.
He hasn't seen such a magnificent sunrise since decades ago.
Decades has passed since he last witnessed the imposing/glorious/splendid/ impressive/spectacular sunrise
考察句型：it has been+时间段+since…
73小张昨天在田里播下种子，期待来的丰收。(sow)
【参考答案】
Xiao Zhang sowed the seeds in the field yesterday, hoping for a good harvest in the coming year.
Xiao Zhang sowed the seeds in the field yesterday in anticipation of a good harvest in the coming year.
Xiao Zhang sowed the seeds in the field yesterday, expecting a good harvest next year
Xiao Zhang sowed the seeds in the field yesterday, looking forward to a good harvest in the coming year.
Xiao Zhang sowed in the field yesterday, in(the) hope of having a good harvest for the coming year.
考察不规则动词变化：sow-sowed-sown(sowed)
考察同一句中多个动词的非谓语用法。
74鉴于手机打车不熟悉的老人不在少数，这家公司提供了一系列服务来满足他们的需求。(a few)
【参考答案】
Given that there are quite a few seniors who are not proficient in cell phone cabs, the company offers a range of services to meet their needs.
Considering that there are quite a few elderly people who are unfamiliar with the usage of taxi-hailing apps, the company has provided a series of services to meet their needs.
Given(the fact)that/In consideration of the fact that/In (the) light of the fact that/In view of the fact that/ Considering(that) quite a few elderly people/senior citizens are unfamiliar with/ are not familiar with/are not skilled in taking a taxi with mobile phone/using mobile phone to take a taxi, this company offers/provides/presents/furnishes/affords/supplies a series of/a range of/an aray of services to respond to/cater to/meet/satisfy/serve/answer address their needs/demands.
考察句型：“鉴于…”considering…; given that…; ......
考察短语：“不在少数”quite a few
75正是因为贯彻“顾客为本”的理念，那个落寂已久的社区商场才得以重回大众视线。(It)
【参考答案】
It is because of/due to/owning to the customer-oriented concept that this long-lost community mall has been able to return to the public eye.
It was due to the implementation of customer-oriented philosophy that the deserted/desolated community shopping mall was brought back to the public eye.
It was because of the implementation of the customer-oriented/customer-based customer-first" principle
/philosophy that this long-failing/almost-deserted/ dead-silent/lifeless community shopping mall returned to public's attention/regained public's attention/came back to the sight of the public.
考察句型:“正是因为…”的强调句表达；it is/was…that…
考察短语：“顾客为本”：customer-oriented；“落寞已久”：long-neglected/desolated/deserted;“重回大众视野”：regain public attention/ back to the public eye.
VI.Guided Writing (共25分)
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese
假如你是明启中学的高三学生李明。入冬以来，你们学校组织全校师生进行晨跑，时间在7:30到7:50，休息5分钟之后准备上第一节课。但是有同学反映，晨跑后身体不适，因此校方委托学生会向同学们征集对晨跑的意见，请你向学生会写封邮件。要求：
你认为晨跑安排中存在的问题；
提出改进的建议和理由。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
学霸作文（仅供参考）
Dear Student Union ,
I am writing this letter to reflect on the school's organization of morning running for all teachers and students. Glad that the school organizes morning running for the health of students. However, some students reflected that they were uncomfortable after morning running which is an urgent problem to be solved. To solve it, my reasons and suggestions are as follows.
First of all, it is inappropriate to set the time for morning running from 7:30 to 7:50 in the morning, because it is only 5 minutes from the first class. Students will be very tired, which will impact the learning efficiency of the first class. Meanwhile, just after breakfast in the morning vigorous exercise is not suitable for human beings, otherwise it will cause stomach discomfort.Why not try to put the morning running time in the big break after the second class What 's more.I hold, before organizing morning running, we should give students a comprehensive physical examination to ensure that everyone's physical condition is suitable for running. We can arrange some other warm-up exercises for these students and teachers who are not suitable for running preventing some unexpected accidents. Last but not least, the school should consider students with physical discomfort to ask for leave in advance and inform the reason.
In short, what matters most is that physical education is a crucial part of education. Only by strengthening our body can we better protect our country and build our motherland. I hope sincerely students can experience happiness in reasonable sports.
Yours,
Li Ming
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
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