第23讲 名词和冠词
名 词
【真题体验】
1．—Mum，I want to buy an iPhone 5s for a change.
—Well，I think there is no __B__．It's almost the same as an iPhone 4s.(2014，宁波)
A．read B．need C．answer D．way
2．—What __C__ bowl of noodles would you like，small，medium or large?
—A large bowl of beef noodles，please.(2014，黄冈)
A．colour B．price C．size D．kind
3．Our school uniforms are out of __D__．We think young people should look smart.(2014，绍兴)
A．luck B．sight C．reach D．fashion
4．I want a sweet milk.Put some __D__ in my cup，please.(2014，河北)
A．ice B．soup C．salt D．sugar
【考点梳理】
名词是中考考查的重点
考查内容主要为：
1．常用专有名词的表示方法；
2．可数名词单、复数变化规则及其用法；
3．不可数名词量的表示方法；
4．名词所有格的运用方法；
5．名词作主语时主谓一致问题；
6．名词词义的辨析。
高频考向一 常用专有名词
1．人名。如：Jackie Chan，Yao Ming
2．地名。如：New York，the Great Wall
3．国名。如：China，America
4．一周七天。如：Monday，Tuesday
5．一年十二个月。如：May，September
6．节日。如：Teachers' Day，Mother's Day，Christmas Day
7．专有名词缩写形式。如：USA，CD
【例1】 —When is ________ Day?
—It's on June 1st，Dave.(2014，东营)
A．Child B．Children
C．Child's D．Children's
点拨：由答语“六月一日”可知问句是“儿童节是什么时候？”儿童节为“Children's Day”。
答案：__D__
高频考向二 名词辨析
名词词义辨析主要指考生在不同的语言环境中，通过对上下文的理解或者对一些词义相同的名词准确地掌握其意义，然后作出正确的选择。近年来，这一考点成为了考查名词的主要形式之一，并且越来越受到各地的欢迎。
【例2】 ________ is one of the four great inventions of ancient China.(2014，兰州)
A．The car B．The train
C．Paper-making D．The computer
点拨：由句意“中国古代四大发明之一”，可知只有“造纸术”符合题意。
答案：__C__
【例3】 —Look at the clouds，so beautiful!
—Wow，so many different ________，horses，sheep，flowers...(2014，湖州)
A．sizes B．shapes C．colours D．styles
点拨：A项意为“尺寸”；B项意为“形状”；C项意为“颜色”；D项意为“风格；款式”。由第二句“马，羊，花……”可知是描述云朵的形状。
答案：__B__
高频考向三 名词的数
名词分可数名词与不可数名词两类。可数名词有单、复数变化形式。a用于以辅音音素开头的单数名词前，an用于以元音音素开头的单数名词前。如：an uncle，an apple，an honest man，an hour，a useful book，a university等。其复数形式分为规则和不规则两种：
1．可数名词的复数规则变化
变化规则
例子
①一般情况下，在名词的末尾加-s
desk→desks，
apple→apples
②以s，x，sh，ch结尾的名词，在词尾加-es
class→classes，box→boxes，watch→watches
③以辅音＋y结尾的名词，把y变为i，再加-es
country→countries，factory→factories
④以f或fe结尾的名词，把f或fe变为v，再加-es
knife→knives，wife→wives，leaf→leaves
⑤以o结尾表示有生命的名词，在词尾加-es
tomato→tomatoes，
hero→heroes
⑥以o结尾表示无生命的名词，在词尾加-s
radio→radios，
photo→photos
2.可数名词的复数不规则变化
①元音或词尾发生变化
如：man→men；woman→women；
Frenchman→Frenchmen；tooth→teeth；
foot→feet；child→children
②单复数形式相同
如：sheep→sheep；fish(鱼的条数) →fish；Chinese(中国人)→Chinese；Japanese(日本人)→Japanese；deer(鹿)→deer
③形式为单数，意思为复数
如：people，police
④视为整体时，谓语用单数；视为个体时，谓语用复数。
如：family，class，team，group
⑤形式为复数，意思为单数
如：news，maths，physics，the United States等。
⑥只用复数形式pants，shorts，clothes，glasses(眼镜)等。
⑦由man，woman构成的合成名词，变复数时将名词及man，woman都变成复数。
如：man driver→men drivers，woman teacher→women teachers
但其他合成名词，只需把合成名词中的中心词变为复数形式。
如：a banana tree→banana trees；a shoe factory→shoe factories
注意：
?可数名词的单复数要与句子结构保持一致。
?可数名词一般不单独使用，表类别时可用复数形式，或用不定冠词和定冠词加单数名词。如：oranges，the/an orange。
?修饰可数名词复数的词有these，those，many，(a) few，a/the number of，some/any，a lot of等。常用they，them来替代。
3．不可数名词
不可数名词分为物质名词和抽象名词，它们一般没有复数形式。如果要表示不可数名词的数量则要借助于“a＋量词(可数名词)＋of＋不可数名词”短语，变复数时把a变为具体数词，量词变为复数形式。如：a bowl of water一碗水；two cups of tea两杯茶
初中阶段常见的不可数名词有：water，rice，tea，milk，food，fruit，meat，fish(鱼肉)，chicken(鸡肉)，beef，mutton，orange(橙汁)，sugar，salt，paper(纸)，porridge，bread，sand，juice，news，music，time(时间)，information，fun，advice等。
注意：①有些名词既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，如：time(次数，倍数/时间)，fish(鱼/鱼肉)，glass(眼镜/玻璃)，room(房间/空间)，noise(响声/噪音)，paper(试卷，文件/纸)，chicken(鸡/鸡肉)，experience(经历/经验)。
②表示不定数量时，不可数名词常用much，(a)little，a lot of，some，any等修饰。常用it来替代。
【例4】 You can find many ________ about the famous film star on the Internet.(2014，内江)
A．news B．pictures
C．tickets D．information
点拨：news和information为不可数名词，不能用many修饰；pictures意为“图片”，tickets意为“票”。句意为“你可以在因特网上找到很多关于著名影星的图片。”
答案：__B__
【例5】 Yesterday for dinner I had a piece of beef，vegetables and ________.(2014，广州)
A．some rice B．a few rice
C．a little rices D．a rice
点拨：some既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词；a few修饰可数名词，a little修饰不可数名词；rice是不可数名词，不用不定冠词修饰。
答案：__A__
高频考向四 名词所有格
1．有生命的东西的名词所有格，一般用在词尾加“'s”这种形式来表示。
如：It's my mother's handbag.这是我妈妈的手提包。
2．以-s或-es结尾的名词末尾只加“'”。有些表示时间、距离、国家、城镇等无生命的事物的名词，也可以加“'s”构成所有格。如：
It's only twenty minutes' walk.这只是步行20分钟的路程。
Who won the girls' 100-metre race？谁赢了女子百米赛跑？
3．不以-s或-es结尾的复数名词末尾仍要加“'s”。如：Where's the People's Hospital，please？请问人民医院在哪儿？
It's the policemen's bedroom.这是警察宿舍。
4．表示两个或多个人共同拥有的人或物时，只需在并列名词的后一个名词词尾加“'s”。若表示两者各自所有时，则每个名词后均加“'s”。试比较：
Lily and Lucy's father is a worker.莉莉和露茜的父亲是工人。
Lily's and Lucy's fathers are both workers.莉莉的父亲和露茜的父亲都是工人。
5．有些名词如：诊所、家、店铺等名词所有格后加“'s”后，可以省去表示相关处所的名词。如：the doctor's(医生诊所)，Mr.White's(怀特先生家)，the book-seller's(书店)。
6．of所有格主要表示无生命的东西。如：a map of China一幅中国地图
7．既表示所属关系又表示数量时要用双重所有格。如：an old friend of my uncle's，a photo of Jim's family等。
【例6】 —Is the schoolbag under the desk yours?
—No，it's my ________.He left it there just now.(2014，长沙)
A．brother B．brother's
C．brother D．brothers'
点拨：由答语可知“是我弟弟的”，要用所有格形式，问句中用的是单数，所有格也应用单数形式。
答案：__B__
【例7】 Mr. Black is a teacher of ________.She and her classmates like him very much.(2014，白银)
A．my sister B．my sister's
C．my sisters D．my sisters'
点拨：A项意为“我姐姐”；B项意为“我姐姐的”；C项意为“我的姐姐们”；D项意为“我姐姐们的”。由第二句中“she”可知此空应用单数形式。句意为“布莱克先生是我姐姐的一名老师。”
答案：__B__
1．—Do you come to South Korea for the __C__ of seeing your family or doing business?
—I come here on business.(2014，鄂州)
A．interest B．benefit
C．purpose D．thought
2．Could you please get me some __C__？I'm hungry.(2014，黔西南)
A．apple B．water C．bread D．egg
3．—What's your favourite __D__，Bob?
—Cats.They're so lovely.(2014，重庆B)
A．plant B．job C．sport D．animal
4．—Oh，a nice photo！Is this your uncle's child?
—Yes，it's my __A__．(2014，陕西)
A．cousin B．sister
C．brother D．daughter
5．It is an English __D__ to have afternoon tea.(2014，嘉兴)
A．menu B．drink
C．festival D．tradition
6．—Betty，pass me the __C__．I'll cut the cake.
—OK，Mom.Here you are.(2014，丽水)
A．sugar B．scarf C．knife D．note
7．My teacher gave me much __A__ on how to study English well when I had some trouble.(2014，菏泽)
A．advice B．question
C．suggestion D．problem
8．—A child's family background brings him or her a bright future.
—Not really.A study shows that reading for pleasure plays a more important __A__．(2014，漳州)
A．part B．game C．joke D．sport
9．—Who's that girl over there?
—Julia，she is a student of __D__．(2014，贺州)
A．my fathers' B．my father
C．my fathers D．my father's
10．__B__ desk is long and wide.They like it very much.(2014，齐齐哈尔)
A．Sonia's and Jane's
B．Sonia and Jane's
C．Sonia's and Jane
D．Sonia and Jane
冠 词
【真题体验】
1．Let's take __A__ photo！Everyone，cheese！(2014，河北)
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
2．My cousin went abroad at __C__ age of eighteen.(2014，杭州)
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
3．Reading can make you become __B__ expert and change your life.(2014，潍坊)
A．a B．an C．不填 D．the
4．Mom，I like __C__ green T-shirt.Could you buy it for me？(2014，威海)
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
5．—Look！There is a monkey eating __D__ apple in the tree.
—En，________ monkey is very cute.(2014，达州)
A．a；a B．a；the C．an；an D．an；the
【考点梳理】
中考中对冠词的考查主要为：
1．冠词的基本用法；
2．零冠词的情况；
3．习惯用语中冠词的位置及使用。
高频考向一 不定冠词a，an
1．不定冠词an用于以元音音素开头的单词前，而a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前。如：
an apple 一个苹果；an hour一小时
a book一本书；a university一所大学
2．泛指某一类人或物。如：
A horse is a useful animal.马是有用的动物。
3．表示数量“一”，但没有one强。如：
I would like a cup of coffee.我想要一杯咖啡。
4．用在文中第一次提到某人或某物时。如：
—What's this？这是什么？
—It's a bike.这是一辆自行车。
5．用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前有“每一”的意思，相当于every。如：
three times a week 每周三次
6．用于某些固定短语中。如：
a lot of许多，have a cold感冒，have a good time玩得高兴/过得愉快，in a hurry匆忙，take a bus乘坐公共汽车
【例1】 Jolin is ________ famous singer.She has a lot of fans.(2014，重庆B)
A．a B．an C．the D．/
点拨：famous以辅音开头，表示一名歌手，是泛指。
答案：__A__
【例2】Mrs Smith has ________ 8-year-old daughter who has won two national painting prizes.(2014，丽水)
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
点拨：表示数量“一”，且以元音音素开头。
答案：__B__
【例3】 “If you stop dropping litter，I'll kiss ________ pig.”the head teacher promised the students at a school meeting.(2014，东营)
A．a B．an C．the D．/
点拨：表示泛指，空后的“pig”以辅音音素开头。
答案：__A__
【例4】 In order to find ________ better job in the future，he planned to learn ________ second foreign language.(2014，齐齐哈尔)
A．the；a B．the；the C．a；a D．a；the
点拨：第一个空表示数量“一”；第二个空表示“又一，再一”。
答案：__C__
高频考向二 定冠词the
1．谈话双方都知道的人或物。如：
The girl is Lucy's sister.这个女孩是露茜的妹妹。
2．用于特指某人或某物。如：
The man in the car is my teacher.坐在车里的那个人是我的老师。
3．用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：
The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
4．用在乐器名称前。如：
She is playing the piano.她正在弹钢琴。
5．用在序数词或形容词的最高级前。如：
Tom is the tallest in his class.汤姆在他班上个子最高。
6．用在姓氏的复数前，表示“一家人或夫妇二人”。如：
The Browns are having dinner.布朗一家正在吃晚饭。
7．用在上文已提到的人或物前。如：
Nancy has a cat.The cat is very cute.南希有一只猫，这只猫很可爱。
8．用在表示海洋、江河、山脉、群岛、国家和党派等名词前，或由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：
the Huai River淮河，the United Kingdom英国，the Great Wall长城
9．用在某些形容词前表示一类人。如：
the old老人，the young年轻人，the rich富人，the poor 穷人
10．用于“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”及“the＋比较级＋of＋两者”的句型中。如：
The more he thinks of it，the sadder he will be.他越想越难过。
Maria is the thinner of the two girls.玛丽亚是两个女孩中较瘦的那一个。
11．用在某个世纪的某个年代。如：
in the 1980s 20世纪80年代
12．用在某些固定短语中。如：
at the age of在……岁时，all the time一直，by the way顺便说一下，in the end最后/终于，in the morning在早上，on the right在右边，in the middle of在……中间
【例5】 —Look！Who's ________ boy over there？(2014，滨州)
—Oh，he is my cousin，Bob.He is ________ honest boy.
A．a；the B．the；a C．the；an D．a；an
点拨：第一个空表特指，第二个空表泛指，且“honest”以元音音素开头。
答案：__C__
【例6】 Who is ________ young lady with curly blonde hair？(2014，湖州)
A．a B．an C．the D．/
点拨：表示特指，要用the。
答案：__C__
高频考向三 零冠词
1．复数名词和不可数名词表示一般意义而不特指具体的人或事物时前面不用冠词。如：
Blood is thicker than water.血浓于水。
2．在某些专有名词前不用冠词，如国名、人名等。如：
China has a long history.中国具有悠久的历史。
3．在星期、日期、月份、季节、节日前不用冠词。如：
October 1st is National Day.十月一日是国庆节。
注意：若特指某年的某月或某季节时，则要在月份、季节前加定冠词the。如：
In the winter of 2010，he moved to China.在2010年的冬天，他搬到了中国。
4．在三餐、球类运动及娱乐活动的名词之前不用冠词。如：
He went to school without breakfast this morning.
他今天早晨没有吃早饭就去上学了。
Davy likes playing basketball.戴维喜欢打篮球。
5．当名词前有this，that，these，those，every，his，your，some，any等限定词或名词所有格修饰时，不用冠词。如：
Jenny's sister is my friend.珍妮的妹妹是我的朋友。
Those students often play football after school.那些学生放学后经常踢足球。
6．在表示职位和称呼前不用冠词。如：
He was elected manager of our company last year.去年他当选为我们公司的经理。
7．与by连用的表示交通工具的名词前不用冠词。如：
by bus坐公共汽车
by train坐火车
注意：动词take或介词in，on后接表示交通工具的名词前要加冠词。如：
take a bus坐公共汽车
on a/the bus坐公共汽车
in a/the car乘小汽车
8．用在某些习惯用语中。如：
go to school去上学 watch TV看电视
at home在家 on foot步行
at once立刻，马上 by mistake错误地
on time按时 day and night日日夜夜
in trouble陷入困境 at first首先
【例7】 She likes playing ________ piano，her brother likes playing ________ basketball.(2014，兰州)
A．the；a B．a；the C．/；the D．the；/
点拨：在西洋乐器前要用定冠词；球类运动前不用冠词。
答案：__D__
【例8】 ________ man in a black hat is my PE teacher.He often plays ________ football with us.(2013，滨州)
A．A；the B．The；a C．The；/ D．A；/
点拨：第一个空表示特指，故应用冠词the；球类名词前不能用任何冠词。
答案：__C__
【例9】 It is a good habit to go to ________ bed early and get up early.(2013，丽水)
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
点拨：go to bed意为“上床睡觉”，是固定搭配，不用冠词。
答案：__D__
1．—What's this in English，Maria?
—It's __A__ map.(2014，漳州)
A．a B．an C．the D．/
2．—Mary，who's __C__ woman over there?
—She's my aunt，________ English teacher.(2014，天津)
A．the；the B．a；the C．the；an D．a；an
3．—What do you think of Lucy?
—She is __A__ honest girl.(2014，益阳)
A．an B．a C．the D．/
4．__C__ 2013 Guangzhou Reading Month was started on Mar. 30th.(2013，佛山)
A．A B．An C．The D．One
5．If we sit by __C__ window of the train，we'll have ________ better view.(2014，苏州)
A．/；the B．/；a C．the；a D．the；the
6．—How was __B__ dinner at Mike's house？(2014，黔西南)
—It was great.Mike's mum is ________ wonderful cook.
A．a；the B．the；a C．the；the D．a；an
7．I think English is __B__ useful language，and it's also ________ important language.(2014，宜宾)
A．an；a B．a；an C．an；the D．a；the
8．—Daming，what's your dream？(2014，聊城)
—I want to be __B__ engineer some day.
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
9．I like __C__ colour of your coat.I'll buy ________ blouse like this one.(2013，黄石)
A．the；the B．a；a C．the；a D．a；the
10．—I missed the beginning of __C__ cartoon The Lion King.
—What a pity！You should have left school half ________ hour earlier.(2013，潍坊)
A．a；an B．the；a C．the；an D．an；the
11．—What do you usually have for __D__ breakfast?
—A piece of bread and ________ egg.(2013，天津)
A．a；an B．不填；the C．a；the D．不填；an
12．Dave doesn't like playing __B__ volleyball，but he likes playing ________ piano.(2013，新疆)
A．the；the B．/；the C．the；/ D．/；/
课件49张PPT。英 语第27讲 名词和冠词名 词【真题体验】
1．—Mum，I want to buy an iPhone 5s for a change.
—Well，I think there is no __B__．It's almost the same as an iPhone 4s.(2014，宁波)
A．read B．need C．answer D．way
2．—What __C__ bowl of noodles would you like，small，medium or large?
—A large bowl of beef noodles，please.(2014，黄冈)
A．colour B．price C．size D．Kindosos3．Our school uniforms are out of __D__．We think young people should look smart.(2014，绍兴)
A．luck B．sight
C．reach D．fashion
4．I want a sweet milk.Put some __D__ in my cup，please.(2014，河北)
A．ice B．soup
C．salt D．sugar【考点梳理】
名词是中考考查的重点
考查内容主要为：
1．常用专有名词的表示方法；
2．可数名词单、复数变化规则及其用法；
3．不可数名词量的表示方法；
4．名词所有格的运用方法；
5．名词作主语时主谓一致问题；
6．名词词义的辨析。高频考点一 常用专有名词
1．人名。如：Jackie Chan，Yao Ming
2．地名。如：New York，the Great Wall
3．国名。如：China，America
4．一周七天。如：Monday，Tuesday
5．一年十二个月。如：May，September
6．节日。如：Teachers' Day，Mother's Day，Christmas Day
7．专有名词缩写形式。如：USA，CD【例1】 —When is ___ D __ Day?
—It's on June 1st，Dave.(2014，东营)
A．Child B．Children
C．Child's D．Children's
点拨：由答语“六月一日”可知问句是“儿童节是什么时候？”儿童节为“Children's Day”。高频考点二 名词辨析
名词词义辨析主要指考生在不同的语言环境中，通过对上下文的理解或者对一些词义相同的名词准确地掌握其意义，然后作出正确的选择。近年来，这一考点成为了考查名词的主要形式之一，并且越来越受到各地的欢迎。
【例2】 ___ C __ is one of the four great inventions of ancient China.(2014，兰州)
A．The car B．The train
C．Paper-making D．The computer
点拨：由句意“中国古代四大发明之一”，可知只有“造纸术”符合题意。【例3】 —Look at the clouds，so beautiful!
—Wow，so many different _ B ____，horses，sheep，flowers...(2014，湖州)
A．sizes B．shapes C．colours D．styles
点拨：A项意为“尺寸”；B项意为“形状”；C项意为“颜色”；D项意为“风格；款式”。由第二句“马，羊，花……”可知是描述云朵的形状。
高频考点三 名词的数
名词分可数名词与不可数名词两类。可数名词有单、复数变化形式。a用于以辅音音素开头的单数名词前，an用于以元音音素开头的单数名词前。如：an uncle，a university，an honest man，an hour，a useful book，an apple等。其复数形式分为规则和不规则两种：1．可数名词的复数规则变化
2.可数名词的复数不规则变化
①元音或词尾发生变化
如：man→men；woman→women；
Frenchman→Frenchmen；tooth→teeth；
foot→feet；child→children
②单复数形式相同
如：sheep→sheep；fish(鱼的条数) →fish；Chinese(中国人)→Chinese；Japanese(日本人)→Japanese；deer(鹿)→deer
③形式为单数，意思为复数
如：people，police④视为整体时，谓语用单数；视为个体时，谓语用复数。
如：family，class，team，group
⑤形式为复数，意思为单数
如：news，maths，physics，the United States等。
⑥只用复数形式pants，shorts，clothes，glasses(眼镜)等。
⑦由man，woman构成的合成名词，变复数时将名词及man，woman都变成复数。
如：man driver→men drivers，woman teacher→women teachers但其他合成名词，只需把合成名词中的中心词变为复数形式。
如：a banana tree→banana trees；a shoe factory→shoe factories
注意：?可数名词的单复数要与句子结构保持一致。
?可数名词一般不单独使用，表类别时可用复数形式，或用不定冠词和定冠词加单数名词。如：oranges，the/an orange。
?修饰可数名词复数的词有these，those，many，(a) few，a/the number of，some/any，a lot of等。常用they，them来替代。3．不可数名词
不可数名词分为物质名词和抽象名词，它们一般没有复数形式。如果要表示不可数名词的数量则要借助于“a＋量词(可数名词)＋of＋不可数名词”短语，变复数时把a变为具体数词，量词变为复数形式。如：a bowl of water一碗水；two cups of tea两杯茶
初中阶段常见的不可数名词有：water，rice，tea，milk，food，fruit，meat，fish(鱼肉)，chicken(鸡肉)，beef，mutton，orange(橙汁)，sugar，salt，paper(纸)，porridge，bread，sand，juice，news，music，time(时间)，information，fun，advice等。注意：①有些名词既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，如：time(次数，倍数/时间)，fish(鱼/鱼肉)，glass(眼镜/玻璃)，room(房间/空间)，noise(响声/噪音)，paper(试卷，文件/纸)，chicken(鸡/鸡肉)，experience(经历/经验)。
②表示不定数量时，不可数名词常用much，(a)little，a lot of，some，any等修饰。常用it来替代。【例4】 You can find many __ B ____ about the famous film star on the Internet.(2014，内江)
A．news B．pictures
C．tickets D．information
点拨：news和information为不可数名词，不能用many修饰；pictures意为“图片”，tickets意为“票”。句意为“你可以在因特网上找到很多关于著名影星的图片。”【例5】 Yesterday for dinner I had a piece of beef，vegetables and __ A ___.(2014，广州)
A．some rice B．a few rice
C．a little rices D．a rice
点拨：some既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词；a few修饰可数名词，a little修饰不可数名词；rice是不可数名词，不用不定冠词修饰。.高频考点四 名词所有格
1．有生命的东西的名词所有格，一般用在词尾加“'s”这种形式来表示。
如：It's my mother's handbag.这是我妈妈的手提包。
2．以-s或-es结尾的名词末尾只加“'”。有些表示时间、距离、国家、城镇等无生命的事物的名词，也可以加“'s”构成所有格。如：
It's only twenty minutes' walk.这只是步行20分钟的路程。
Who won the girls' 100-metre race？谁赢了女子百米赛跑？3．不以-s或-es结尾的复数名词末尾仍要加“'s”。如：
Where's the People's Hospital，please？请问人民医院在哪儿？
It's the policemen's bedroom.这是警察宿舍。
4．表示两个或多个人共同拥有的人或物时，只需在并列名词的后一个名词词尾加“'s”。若表示两者各自所有时，则每个名词后均加“'s”。试比较：
Lily and Lucy's father is a worker.莉莉和露茜的父亲是工人。
Lily's and Lucy's fathers are both workers.莉莉的父
亲和露茜的父亲都是工人。5．有些名词如：诊所、家、店铺等名词所有格后加“'s”后，可以省去表示相关处所的名词。如：the doctor's(医生诊所)，Mr.White's(怀特先生家)，the book-seller's(书店)。
6．of所有格主要表示无生命的东西。
如：a map of China一幅中国地图7．既表示所属关系又表示数量时要用双重所有格。如：an old friend of my uncle's，a photo of Jim's family等。
【例6】 —Is the schoolbag under the desk yours?
—No，it's my __ B __.He left it there just now.(2014，长沙)
A．brother B．brother's
C．brothers D．brothers'
点拨：由答语可知“是我弟弟的”，要用所有格形式，问句中用的是单数，所有格也应用单数形式。【例7】 Mr. Black is a teacher of ________.She and her classmates like him very much.(2014，白银)
A．my sister B．my sister's
C．my sisters D．my sisters'
点拨：A项意为“我姐姐”；B项意为“我姐姐的”；C项意为“我的姐姐们”；D项意为“我姐姐们的”。由第二句中“she”可知此空应用单数形式。句意为“布莱克先生是我姐姐的一名老师。”一、单项选择。
1．—Do you come to South Korea for the __C__ of seeing your family or doing business?
—I come here on business.(2014，鄂州)
A．interest B．benefit
C．purpose D．thought
2．Could you please get me some __C__？I'm hungry.(2014，黔西南)
A．apple B．water C．bread D．egg
3．—What's your favourite __D__，Bob?
—Cats.They're so lovely.(2014，重庆B)
A．plant B．job C．sport D．animal4．—Oh，a nice photo！Is this your uncle's child?
—Yes，it's my __A__．(2014，陕西)
A．cousin B．sister
C．brother D．daughter
5．It is an English __D__ to have afternoon tea.(2014，嘉兴)
A．menu B．drink
C．festival D．tradition
6．—Betty，pass me the __C__．I'll cut the cake.
—OK，Mom.Here you are.(2014，丽水)
A．sugar B．scarf
C．knife D．note7．My teacher gave me much __A__ on how to study English well when I had some trouble.(2014，菏泽)
A．advice B．question
C．suggestion D．problem
8．—A child's family background brings him or her a bright future.
—Not really.A study shows that reading for pleasure plays a more important __A__．(2014，漳州)
A．part B．game
C．joke D．sport9．—Who's that girl over there?
—Julia，she is a student of __D__．(2014，贺州)
A．my fathers' B．my father
C．my fathers D．my father's
10．__B__ desk is long and wide.They like it very much.
A．Sonia's and Jane's
B．Sonia and Jane's
C．Sonia and Jane
D．Sonia's and Jane二、单词拼写。
11．Taylor Swift held a concert in Shanghai on March(三月) 30，2014.(2014，盐城)
12．He'll be back in a few months'(月) time.(2014，凉山)
13．Has she made the decision(决定) yet？(2014，凉山)
14．Sunday(星期天) is the day after Saturday and before Monday.(2014，白银)
15．What is the latest news(新闻) on CCTV？(2014，贺州)
16．We usually have bread(面包) for breakfast.(2014，宜宾)17．Sorry，I took your umbrella by mistake(错误)．(2014，宁波)
18．I often have noodles(面条) for dinner.(2014，广安)
19．Excuse me，do you have a dictionary(字典) in your school bag？(2014，滨州)
20．I want to be an inventor(invent) when I grow up.(2014，绥化)
21．—How many visitors(visit) come to Jingzhou every year?
—More than one million，I think.(2014，荆州)22．If you are always in good spirit in class，you will study better than before.(2014，恩施)
23．According to a report in the newspaper，the basketball star was seriously injured.(2013，杭州)
24．The meat is producing a terrible smell．Throw it away！(2013，宁波)
25．It's dangerous to swim in the river．It's safer to go to the swimming pool.(2013，广州)冠 词【真题体验】
1．Let's take __A__ photo！Everyone，cheese！(2014，河北)
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
2．My cousin went abroad at __C__ age of eighteen.(2014，杭州)
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
3．Reading can make you become __B__ expert and change your life.(2014，潍坊)
A．a B．an C．不填 D．the5．—Look！There is a monkey eating __D__ apple in the tree.
—En，________ monkey is very cute.(2014，达州)
A．a；a B．a；the
C．an；an D．an；the
【考点梳理】
中考中对冠词的考查主要为：
1．冠词的基本用法；
2．零冠词的情况；
3．习惯用语中冠词的位置及使用。高频考点一 不定冠词a，an
1．不定冠词an用于以元音音素开头的单词前，而a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前。如：
an apple 一个苹果；an hour一小时
a book一本书；a university一所大学
2．泛指某一类人或物。如：
A horse is a useful animal.马是有用的动物。
3．表示数量“一”，但没有one强。如：
I would like a cup of coffee.我想要一杯咖啡。
4．用在文中第一次提到某人或某物时。如：
—What's this？这是什么？
—It's a bike.这是一辆自行车。5．用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前有“每一”的意思，相当于every。如：
three times a week(每)一周三次
6．用于某些固定短语中。如：
a lot of许多，have a cold感冒，have a good time玩得高兴/过得愉快，in a hurry匆忙，take a bus乘坐公共汽车
【例1】 Jolin is __ A ___ famous singer.She has a lot of fans.(2014，重庆B)
A．a B．an C．the D．/
点拨：famous以辅音开头，表示一名歌手，是泛指。【例2】Mrs Smith has __ B _ 8-year-old daughter who has won two national painting prizes.(2014，丽水)
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
点拨：表示数量“一”，且以元音音素开头。
【例3】 “If you stop dropping litter，I'll kiss __ A __ pig.” the head teacher promised the students at a school meeting.(2014，东营)
A．a B．an C．the D．/
点拨：表示泛指，空后的“pig”以辅音音素开头。【例4】 In order to find _ C __ better job in the future，he planned to learn ________ second foreign language.(2014，齐齐哈尔)
A．the；a B．the；the
C．a；a D．a；the
点拨：第一个空表示数量“一”；第二个空表示“又一，再一”。高频考点二 定冠词the
1．谈话双方都知道的人或物。如：
The girl is Lucy's sister.这个女孩是露茜的妹妹。
2．用于特指某人或某物。如：
The man in the car is my teacher.坐在车里的那个人是我的老师。
3．用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：
The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
4．用在乐器名称前。如：
She is playing the piano.她正在弹钢琴。5．用在序数词或形容词的最高级前。如：
Tom is the tallest in his class.汤姆在他班上个子最高。
6．用在姓氏的复数前，表示“一家人或夫妇二人”。如：
The Browns are having dinner.布朗一家正在吃晚饭。
7．用在上文已提到的人或物前。如：
Nancy has a cat.The cat is very cute.南希有一只猫，这只猫很可爱。8．用在表示海洋、江河、山脉、群岛、国家和党派等名词前，或由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：
the Huai River淮河，the United Kingdom英国，the Great Wall长城
9．用在某些形容词前表示一类人。如：
the old老人，the young年轻人，the rich富人，the poor 穷人
10．用于“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”及“the＋比较级＋of＋两者”的句型中。如：
The more he thinks of it，the sadder he will be.他越想越难过。
Maria is the thinner of the two girls.玛丽亚是两个女孩中较瘦的那一个。11．用在某个世纪的某个年代。如：
in the l980s 20世纪80年代
12．用在某些固定短语中。如：
at the age of在……岁时，all the time一直，by the way顺便说一下，in the end最后/终于，in the morning在早上，on the right在右边，in the middle of在……中间【例5】 —Look！Who's _ C ___ boy over there？(2014，滨州)
—Oh，he is my cousin，Bob.He is ________ honest boy.
A．a；the B．the；a
C．the；an D．a；an
点拨：第一个空表特指，第二个空表泛指，且“honest”以元音音素开头。
【例6】 Who is ___ C __ young lady with curly blonde hair？(2014，湖州)
A．a B．an C．the D．/
点拨：表示特指，要用the。高频考点三 零冠词
1．复数名词和不可数名词表示一般意义而不特指具体的人或事物时前面不用冠词。如：
Blood is thicker than water.血浓于水。
2．在某些专有名词前不用冠词，如国名、人名等。如：
China has a long history.中国具有悠久的历史。
3．在星期、日期、月份、季节、节日前不用冠词。如：
October 1st is National Day.十月一日是国庆节。
注意：若特指某年的某月或某季节时，则要在月份、季节前加定冠词the。如：
In the winter of 2010，he moved to China.在2010年的冬天，他搬到了中国。4．在三餐、球类运动及娱乐活动的名词之前不用冠词。如：
He went to school without breakfast this morning.
他今天早晨没有吃早饭就去上学了。
Davy likes playing basketball.戴维喜欢打篮球。
5．当名词前有this，that，these，those，every，his，your，some，any等限定词或名词所有格修饰时，不用冠词。如：
Jenny's sister is my friend.珍妮的妹妹是我的朋友。
Those students often play football after school.那些学生放学后经常踢足球。6．在表示职位和称呼前不用冠词。如：
He was elected manager of our company last year.去年他当选为我们公司的经理。
7．与by连用的表示交通工具的名词前不用冠词。如：
by bus坐公共汽车
by train坐火车
注意：动词take或介词in，on后接表示交通工具的名词前要加冠词。如：
take a bus坐公共汽车
on a/the bus坐公共汽车
in a/the car乘小汽车8．用在某些习惯用语中。如：
go to school去上学
at home在家
at once立刻，马上
on time按时
in trouble陷入困境 watch TV看电视
on foot步行
by mistake错误地
day and night日日夜夜
at first首先【例7】 She likes playing __ D __ piano，her brother likes playing ________ basketball.(2014，兰州)
A．the；a B．a；the C．/；the D．the；/
点拨：在西洋乐器前要用定冠词；球类运动前不用冠词。
【例8】 __ C _ man in a black hat is my PE teacher.He often plays ________ football with us.(2013，滨州)
A．A；the B．The；a C．The；/ D．A；/
点拨：第一个空表示特指，故应用冠词the；球类名词前不能用任何冠词。
【例9】 It is a good habit to go to ___ D __ bed early and get up early.(2013，丽水)
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
点拨：go to bed意为“上床睡觉”，是固定搭配，不用冠词。1．—What's this in English，Maria?
—It's __A__ map.(2014，漳州)
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
2．—Mary，who's __C__ woman over there?
—She's my aunt，________ English teacher.(2014，天津)
A．the；the B．a；the
C．the；an D．a；an
3．—What do you think of Lucy?
—She is __A__ honest girl.
A．an B．a C．the D．不填4．__C__ 2013 Guangzhou Reading Month was started on Mar. 30th.(2013，佛山)
A．A B．An C．The D．one
5．If we sit by __C__ window of the train，we'll have ________ better view.(2014，苏州)
A．/；the B．/；a C．the；a D．the；the
6．—How was __B__ dinner at Mike's house?
—It was great.Mike's mum is ________ wonderful cook.(2014，黔西南)
A．a；the B．the；a C．the；the D．a；an7．I think English is __B__ useful language，and it's also ________ important language.(2014，宜宾)
A．an；a B．a；an
C．an；the D．a；the
8．—Daming，what's your dream？(2014，聊城)
—I want to be __B__ engineer some day.
A．a B．an
C．the D．不填
9．I like __C__ colour of your coat.I'll buy ________ blouse like this one.(2013，黄石)
A．the；the B．a；a
C．the；a D．a；the10．—I missed the beginning of __C__ cartoon The Lion King.
—What a pity！You should have left school half ________ hour earlier.(2013，潍坊)
A．a；an B．the；a C．the；an D．an；the
11．—What do you usually have for __D__ breakfast?
—A piece of bread and ________ egg.(2013，天津)
A．a；an B．不填；the C．a；the D．不填；an
12．Dave doesn't like playing __B__ volleyball，but he likes playing ________ piano.(2013，新疆)
A．the；the B．/；the C．the；/ D．/；/考点跟踪突破23 名词和冠词
名词
1．There are some __C__ in Dayton Art Museum.For example，no food or drinks is allowed inside.(2014，温州)
A．jobs B．records C．rules D．paintings
2．The old man can't hear us well because there's something wrong with his __C__．(2014，淮安)
A．mouth B．nose C．ears D．eyes
3．—It's reported that many Chinese children are taking piano lessons.
—But quite a few have little __A__ in it and some even hate it.(2014，宜昌)
A．interest B．relation
C．attention D．situation
4．—Will you fix up the machine according to the __A__，David?
—No problem.(2014，武汉)
A．instructions B．inventions
C．invitations D．interviews
5．—The picnic is only in three days.Have you made any __B__？
—Not yet.So let's discuss what to prepare.(2014，台州)
A．wishes B．plans
C．mistakes D．friends
6．—Lily，could you please pass me the __D__？I want to cut the apple.
—Sure，here you are.(2014，重庆A)
A．pen B．pencil C．book D．knife
7．—After PE，I often feel very thirsty.
—Why not buy some __C__ to drink？(2014，达州)
A．bread B．noodles
C．apple juice D．teas
8．Where has the time gone is a beautiful __B__．Can you sing it？(2014，盐城)
A．picture B．song C．game D．film
9．—Whose __C__ are these?
—I think they are John's.(2014，永州)
A．key B．keies C．keys D．the key
10．__A__ that pair of ________ a little cheaper？(2014，齐齐哈尔)
A．Is；glasses B．Is；glass
C．Are；glasses D．Are；glass
11．—How many __C__ has the child had?
—Only four in the front.(2014，恩施)
A．ears B．tooth C．teeth D．tooths
12．—What would you like to say to your __A__ before leaving school?
—I'd like to say “Thank you very much！I've learnt a lot from you in the past three years.”(2014，十堰)
A．teachers B．workers
C．doctors D．engineers
冠词
13．—Hurry up，or we'll be late.(2013，苏州)
—Take your time—it's just __C__ short distance from here to ________ cinema.
A．/；the B．the；a C．a；the D．/；a
14．There is __C__ pen on the desk and ________ pen is new.(2014，广安)
A．a；an B．an；the C．a；the D．the；the
15．—What do you think of the new movie The Monkey King，Sally?
—It's __A__ funny one.(2014，台州)
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
16．Beijing is one of __C__ biggest cities in China.(2014，淮安)
A．a B．an C．the D．/
17．—You've dropped __B__ “c” in the word “succeed”！
—Sorry，I forgot ________ letter “c” is doubled.(2014，黄石)
A．a；a B．a；the C．an；the D．the；the
18．—What's __D__ matter with you?
—I have ________ toothache.(2014，白银)
A．a；the B．the；/ C．/；a D．the；a
19．Lin Dan is __B__ excellent player.I'm ________ big fan of him.(2014，福州)
A．a；the B．an；a C．the；an D．/；a
20．—Have you seen __B__ film Where Are We Going，Dad?
—Yes，it's ________ interesting film！(2014，扬州)
A．a；the B．the；an C．a；an D．the；the
21．—Do you often play __C__ tennis after school?
—No，I don't like sports.I often play ________ guitar.(2014，丹东)
A．a；the B．the；/ C．/；the D．the；a
22．My brother Fred woke up with __A__ bad headache，yet by the evening the pain had gone.(2014，绍兴)
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
23．—Let's play __A__ soccer.
—I don't have ________ soccer ball.(2013，宜宾)
A．不填；a B．the；a
C．a；the D．不填；the
24．She has got two cats now.__C__ black and white one is called Rosie and ________ brown one Joseph.(2013，河南)
A．The；a B．A；the
C．The；the D．A；a
25．There is __A__ American boy in our class and ________ boy can speak good Chinese.(2013，聊城)
A．an；the B．an；an C．a；an D．a；the
26．—Lily，there is __A__ schoolbag near the window.Is it yours?
—Yes.it is.Thank you!
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
27．Don't give him too much homework.He is just __B__ eleven-year-old boy.(2013，株洲)
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
28．—Is __A__ dictionary on the desk yours?
—No，I don't have ________ English-Chinese dictionary.(2013，呼和浩特)
A．the；an B．an；the
C．an；an D．the；the
29．__A__ Great Wall is ________ longest wall in the world.(2013，益阳)
A．The；the B．A；a C．The；a D．/；a
30．It's just a short distance from here to __C__ restaurant.(2013，济宁)
A．a B．an C．the D．不填
31．—Mum，I want to buy __C__ new toy car.(2013，日照)
—But ________ old one is still running，isn't it?
A．the；the B．the；an C．a；the D．a；an
32．Look！There is __A__ elephant on the grass.It is playing with a ball.(2013，吉林)
A．an B．a C．the D．/
33．—What do the neighbours think of Li Lei?
—They say he is __A__ lucky boy.(2013，龙岩)
A．a B．an C．the D．/
34．Can you see __B__ sun at night？(2013，锦州)
A．a B．the C．an D．/
35．There is __A__ boat in ________ river.(2013，永州)
A．a；the B．the；a C．a；a D．the；the
36．I will take __C__ vacation with my parents ________ day after tomorrow.(2013，绵阳)
A．a；/ B．an；a C．a；the D．the；a
