Lesson 8The best and the worst最好的和最差的
Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town.
乔.桑德斯拥有我们镇上最漂亮的花园。
Nearly everybody enters for 'The Nicest Garden Competition' each year,
几乎每个人都参加每年举办的“最佳花园竞赛”,
but Joe wins every time.
而每次都是乔获胜。
Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's.
比尔.弗里斯的花园比乔的花园大,
Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables,
他比乔也更为勤奋,种植的花卉和蔬菜也更多,
but Joe's garden is more interesting.
但乔的花园更富有情趣。
He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool.
他修筑了一条条整洁的小路,并在一个池塘上架了一座小木桥。
I like gardens too, but I do not like hard work.
我也喜欢花园,但我却不愿意辛勤劳动。
Every year I enter for the garden competition too,
每年的花园竞赛我也参加,
and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town!
但总因是镇上最劣的花园而获得一个小奖!
词汇
1.enter
(1)vt.,vi. 进入:
Joe entered the room quietly.
乔悄悄地走进了房间。
Always knock on the door before you enter.
进入前要先敲门。
(2)vt.,vi. 参加,加入:
We've entered into an agreement.
我们已达成一项协议。
He soon entered their conversation.
他很快便加入了他们的谈话。
(3)enter for是“报名参加”的意思:
She entered (her name/ herself) for the mathematics5
同类记忆:
take part in 参与
The professor took no small part in the discussion. 那位教授根本没有参加讨论。
join in 参加,加入
May I join in your conversation 我能加入你们的谈话吗?
join in the sports meeting. 参加运动会
join the army 参军
2、competition.
她报名参加数学竞赛。
He entered his son for the English examination6.他让儿子参加英语考试。
3.every 构成的合成词
every和one, body, thing可以构成复合不定代词everyone, everybody和everything。它们一般都写成一个词。everyone和everybody一般可以替换使用,后面的代词既可以用单数,也可以用复数,但它们本身均被视为单数:
Everyone/ Everybody knows what he has to do.
每一个人都知道自己必须做什么。
Everyone/ Everybody knows what they have to do.
每个人都知道自己必须做什么。
Everything is going well.
一切都很顺利。
与every一样可以构成这类合成词的单词还有some, any和no。
4、nearly 几乎,差不多 (同义词 almost)
1) 二者常用于肯定句中间
She fell and nearly broke her neck. 她摔倒,几乎摔断了脖子。
or: She fell and almost broke her neck.
He nearly always arrives late. 他几乎总是迟到。
or: He almost always arrives late.
2) almost 可与否定词连用
He almost ate nothing. 他几乎什么东西都没吃。
There is almost no room to sit. 这儿几乎没有什么地方可坐。
3) nearly + 数词
The top prize is nearly £1000. 一等奖几乎是1000英镑。
与every一起复合而成的不定代词有 everyone, everybody, everything,与之搭配的谓语动词用单数。
everyone 每个人
Everyone likes ice cream. 每个人都喜欢冰激淋。
Everybody has come. 大家都来了。
everything 每一件事,每一件东西
Everything is ready. 一切准备就绪。
4、win + 比赛/奖品
win the match 赢得比赛
win the first prize 赢得一等奖
语法
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
在英语中形容词和副词一般可以有比较级和最高级。比较级相当于汉语中“比……更……”这种句型,最高级则表示在某个范围“最……”的概念。最高级在使用时前面通常要加定冠词the,并有一个短语或从句限定其范围。
(1)比较级和最高级的构成
单音节词和少数双音节词(如以辅音+-y结尾的词)在词尾加-er, -est,以辅音+-y结尾的词要先将-y变成-i,再在词尾加上-er, -est:
hard----harder----hardest
small----smaller----smallest
young----younger----youngest
lean----cleaner----cleanest
busy----busier----busiest
以-e结尾的词加-r和-st:
large----larger----largest
nice----nicer----nicest
以一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词要双写最后一个字母,然后再加-er, -ext:
big----bigger----biggest
thin----thinner----thinnest
有一些双音节词在构成比较级和最高级形式时,既可以在单词结尾处加-er和-est,也可与more/ less和most/ least连用。如narrow, clever, common, pleasant 等。但如无把握时,双音节词用more和most则较为可靠。两个音节以上的单词如下:
interesting----more interesting----most interesting
有些形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成并不规则
good/ well----better----best
bad/ ill----worse----worst
many/ much----more----most
little----less----leas
told----older/ older----oldest/ eldest
far----farther/ further----farthest/ furthest
(2)在使用比较级时,如果需要把所比较的两项都提到,那么就必须在比较级后用than:
I know him better than you do.
我比你了解他。
Jane's hair is darker than Mary's.
简的头发比玛丽的黑。
My room is cleaner than the one next door.
我的房间比隔壁房间干净。
如果比较级之所指很清楚,它可独立存在
(3)最高级的限定范围一般用of, among, in等介词短语:
John is the tallest of the three brothers.
这3个兄弟中约翰个子最高。
This is the coldest day in ten years.
这是10年来最冷的一天。
限定范围也可以是从句:
Mary is the most intelligent person I've ever met.
玛丽是我所遇到的最聪明的人。
如果范围很清楚,则可以省略:
April is the best season.
4月是最好的季节。(暗含范围“一年中”)
He is always the best.
他总是最优秀的。(暗含范围“在我们当中”)
课文讲解
1.Nearly everybody enters for‘The Nicest Garden Competition’each year, but Joe wins every time.
(1)nearly和almost意义相似,表示“几乎”、“差不多”、“差点儿”的意思:
I'm nearly/ almost ready.
我快准备好了。
I have nearly forgotten his name.
我差点把他的名字忘了。
He nearly missed the train.
他差点没赶上火车。
(2)each和every均可译为“每一个”,二者常常可以互相代替使用:
Every/ Each time I wash the car it rains.
每次我擦洗汽车,天总是下雨。
但是each更强调个体。它常用以指一个确定的并通常是有限的数目:
Each child in the school was questioned.
学校里的每个孩子都被询问过了。
every却不那么强调个体,常用来指一个大的、不确定的数目:Every child enjoys Christmas.
所有的/每个孩子都喜欢过圣诞节。
另外,each既可以作形容词又可以作代词,但every只能作形容词:
They each have a share.
他们每人都有一份。
Each of us has his own work to do.
我们每个人都有自己的工作要干。
2.Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's.
名词加-'s表示所属关系,构成名词的所有格。这类名词往往指有生命的东西,特别是人。所有格的语法作用相当于形容词,限定后面的名词。这个被限定的名词在上下文中第二次被提到时可以省略,只要不引起误解:
This is Mary's boy friend, not Jane's.
这是玛丽的男朋友,不是简的。
My pen is lost. This one is my brother's.
我的钢笔丢了。这枝是我兄弟的。
John's handwriting is better than Mary's and Catherine's.
约翰的书法比玛丽的和凯瑟琳的都要好。
3.He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool.
make和build在这里是同义词,都可以解释为“修建”、“建造”。与汉语的写作习惯一样,用英语写作时同一段文字中尤其是在同一句话中应尽量避免使用重复的词,以使文章显得生动(特殊的修辞手法例外)。
make和build之间的区别主要是:make的词义比较笼统、广泛,可以解释为“做”、“作出”、“制造”等,而build的意义主要限于建筑业,指“建造”、“建设”、“盖房子”、“修筑(桥梁等)”:
They have built a new house.
他们盖了一座新房子。
They have made a road along the river.
他们沿这条河筑了一条路。
Have you made the skirt by yourself
这裙子是你自己做的吗?