新概念英语第一册Lesson 143 A walk through the woods林中散步 讲义

Lesson 143 A walk through the woods林中散步
I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods.
我住在一个由美丽的树林环绕的古老的小镇上。
It is a famous beauty spot.
这是一个著名的风景胜地。
On Sundays, hundreds of people come from the city to see our town and to walk through the woods.
每逢星期天，有许许多人从城里来观赏我们的小镇，并在树林中散步。
Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy.
游客已被告知要保持树林的整洁。
Litter baskets have been placed under the trees,
树下都已设置了废物筐，
but people still throw their rubbish everywhere.
但是人们仍到处扔垃圾。
Last Wednesday, I went for a walk in the woods.
上星期三我到树林里去散步。
What I saw made me very sad.
我所见到的一切使我非常难过。
I counted seven old cars and three old refrigerators.
我数了一下，有7辆旧汽车和3台旧冰箱。
The little baskets were empty
废物筐是空的，
and the ground was covered with pieces of paper, cigarette ends, old tyres, empty bottles and rusty tins.
而满地都是纸片、烟头、旧轮胎，空瓶子和生锈的空罐头盒。
Among the rubbish, I found a sign which said,
在垃圾堆中我发现了一块牌子，上面写着：
'Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted!'
“凡在此树林里丢弃垃圾者，将依法处置。
New Word and expressions
生词和短语
surround v. 包围
surround + n.
eg. The wall surrounds the jail. 那所监狱四周都是围墙。
surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的
the surrounding scenery 四周的风景
surrounding n．环境，周围的事物
eg. I'd like to bring up my child in healthy surrounding.
我想在健康的环境中养育我孩子。
wood
1)n．森林，树林（通常比forest小\)
eg. She got lost in the woods. 她在森林中迷路了。
2)n．木材，木料
eg. This house is made of wood. 这栋房子是木造的。
beauty spot 景点，风景胜地
beauty n. 美
beauty queen 选美赛中的第一名
beauty contest 选美会（比赛）
a woman of great beauty 很美的女子
manly beauty 男性美
womanly beauty 女性美
eg. Beauty is but only skin-deep.
（谚）美貌只在外表，人不可以貌相。
eg. Isn't she a beauty! 她真是个美人！
eg. That's the beauty of it. 那就是它的妙处。
hundred n．百
在百位和十位，以及百位和个位的数字之间，美国的读法通常不加and，而英国的读法则通常加and。
four hundred eighty 480
four hundred and eighty
two hundred eight 208
two hundred and eight
hundreds of 几百（的…）很多（的…）
hundreds of bees 好几百只蜜蜂
city n. 城市
a large city 大都市，大城市
eg. Which is the largest city in the United States
美国最大的城市在哪里？
city life 都市生活
city hall 市政厅，市政府，市政当局（不加冠词）
city planning 城市规划
through
1) prep. 穿过
eg. The train went through some tunnels.
flow through a pipe 流经导管
eg. I can't see through your head.
你的头挡住了我的视线。
2) prep.遍及…，在…到处
eg. They traveled all through Europe.
eg. The news has spread through the world.
那消息传遍了全世界。
3) prep.整个…，从开头到最后
through the winter 整个冬季
eg. She has decided to remain single all through her life.
她决定终身不嫁。
eg. He was awake through the night. 他整个晚上都醒着。
4) prep.依据…，经由…
eg. We know it through the Ford Foundation.
我们经由福特基金会获悉这件事。
eg. He got a job through a friend.
他经由一位朋友获得一份工作。
visitor n．参观者，游客，来访者
eg. We had three visitors today.
今天我们有3位访客。
eg. How many visitors are staying in the hotel tonight
今晚旅馆有多少住客
eg. No visitors. 谢绝会客。
visitor's book 访客签名簿 / 来客登记簿
visit v. 参观，拜访
eg. I visited my aunt yesterday. 昨天我去探望了我姑母。
eg. He often visited me while I was in hospital.
我住院期间他时常来看我。
eg. Have you visited Beijing 您游览过北京吗
visit a tomb 扫墓
tidy
1) adj.整齐的反义词untidy
a tidy room 整洁的房间
eg．My grandmother is always neat and tidy.
我奶奶总是又整齐又干净。
2)v．使…整洁，整理… （常与up连用）
tidy up a room 收拾房间
eg. Tidy yourself up before you go out.
外出前要整理仪表。
litter
1)n．杂乱的东西
eg. Some tourists leave litter in beauty spots.
有些游客在风景区乱丢垃圾。
eg. No litter! （告示用语）请勿丢垃圾！
2) v．把…弄得乱七八槽
eg. Don't litter your room. 勿弄乱房间。
the desk littered with papers 放着零乱文件的桌子
litter basket 废物筐
litterbag 垃圾袋，废物袋
litterbin 垃圾箱, 垃圾桶（公共场所的）
litterbug 随地丢弃垃圾的人
place
1) v.放，安置，摆放（比put正式）
eg. She placed the vase on the table.
eg. He placed the books in the right order.
他把书本按正确的顺序排好。
2)v.安置（某人）
eg. They placed me in the advertising department.
他们派我到广告部去。
3)v．把（信赖，希望等）寄托于…
eg. You must place confidence in your leader.
你要信赖你的领导人。
4) n. 地方，地点
a nice place to live 居住的好地方
eg. She spent her holiday in a very quiet place.
她在一个非常安静的地方度假。
5) n.工作，职务，职责 （通常用单数形式）
eg. He got a place in a trading company.
他在贸易公司任职。
eg. It's not your place to decide what to do next.
决定下一步该如何做，并不是你的职责。
6) n．空间，余地
eg. Is there place where I can put this suitcase
有地方能让我放这个手提箱吗
from place to place 处处
give place to 让位于… / 被…所代替
in place of 代替
eg. Won't you go in place of me 你能代替我去吗？
know one's place 懂分寸，不过分，举止谦虚
take place （事情）发生
eg. The wedding took place yesterday. 昨天举行婚礼。
throw v．扔
eg. He threw a ball up. 他把球抛了上去。
eg. The child threw a stone at the window.
那小孩对着窗子丢石头。
eg. Please throw. I'll catch. 抛过来，我来接。
throw sb sth 向某人抛…
throw sth to sb
eg. She threw me a towel.
She threw a towel to me.
throw away 抛弃
eg. Throw these old magazines away. 把这些旧杂志丢掉。
rubbish
1)n．垃圾
a pile of rubbish 一堆垃圾
clear away the rubbish 清除垃圾
throw away the rubbish 丢弃垃圾
2) n.荒唐之事，无聊的事，废话
eg. Don't talk rubbish. 别说废话了。
count v．数，点
eg. Count backward from thirty to one.
从30倒数到1。
count the balls 数数看有几个球
eg. She counted how many books she had.
她计算她有多少本书。
eg. Don't forget to count the change. 别忘了数找回的零钱。
cover
1) v．覆盖
cover sth with sth
eg. She covered her face with her hands. 她用手掩面。
eg. The mother covered her baby with a blanket.
这个母亲用毛毯盖着她的婴儿。
be covered with sth 盖满
eg. Our apple tree is covered with fruit.
我们家的苹果树硕果累累。
2)v．隐瞒
eg. He tried to cover his mistake. 他想法子隐瞒自己的错误。
3）v．占用，延续
eg. His reports covered all aspects of the problem.
他的报告涵盖了这个问题的所有层面。
4) n.盖子，包装纸
eg. Put a cover on a pot. 把锅盖盖在锅上。
5) n．封面，书皮
a book with a hard cover 精装书
from cover to cover 自第一页到最后一页，整本书从头到尾
piece n. 碎片，部分
cut a pie into six pieces 把馅饼切成6块
eg. Don't step on the pieces of glass.不要踩玻璃碎片。
a piece of paper 一张纸
five pieces of chalk 五支粉笔
some pieces of furniture 几件家具
several pieces of bread 几片面包
piece与of连用放在不可数名词前．表示该名词的数量，与形容词连用时，形容词通常置于piece之前。
tyre n. 轮胎
rusty
1) adj. 生锈的
a rusty nail 生锈的钉子
2) adj.变钝了的，荒废了的，减弱了的
eg. My German is a bit rusty. 我的德语有点生疏了。
among
1) prep．在…之间（表示在三者或三者以上的人或事物之间）
eg. They hid themselves among the trees. 他们躲藏在树丛中。
eg. The grandmother sat smiling among her grandchildren.
这位祖母坐在孙子们当中微笑着。
表示在两者之间用between。
eg. It's only between you and me. 这事就你我两个人知道。
2) prep．在…内部
eg. That singer is very popular among young people.
那位歌手很受年轻人的欢迎。
3) prep. （表包含）多数中的一个
eg. He was among those who know it.
他是知道这件事人中的一个。
among others 尤其，格外
--- Do you like music
--- Yes，I like rock music among others.
prosecute v.依法处置，起诉
课文详注
I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods.
我住在一个由美丽的树林环绕着的古老的小镇上。
which is surrounded by … 定语从句，修饰town
which指代town。
从句用的是被动语态，“被…所包围”如果将从句独立为一个句子，则为：My town is surrounded by beautiful woods.
woods 树林（通常用复数形式）
wood （物质名词不可数）木头
It is a famous beauty spot.
这是一个著名的风景胜地。
beauty spot = scenic spot 风景点
On Sundays, hundreds of people come from the city to see our town and to walk through the woods.
每逢星期天，有许许多多人从城里来观赏我们的小镇．并在树林中散步。
on Sundays 用复数形式表示通常在每个星期天
on Sunday 表示某一具体的星期天
eg. I am leaving for shanghai on Sunday.
on Sunday = on the coming Sunday
hundreds of people
表数量的名词在表示确切的数量，只用单数形式。
three hundred people 三百人
five thousand students 五千学生
复数形式表概数，“数以…计的”，与of连用．作名词修饰语，其后面的名词必然是复数形式。
hundreds of people 几百人
thousands of birds 成千上万的鸟
millions of soldiers 数以百万之计的士兵
to see our town and to walk through the woods
不定式充当目的状语。
Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy.
游客已被告知要保持树林的整洁。
have been asked
被请求，被告知被动语态的现在完成时，说明需求的行为应为游客所知。
to keep the woods clean and tidy
不定式短语充当ask宾语的补足语，主动语态为：
ask visitors to keep the woods clean and tidy
也是复合结构，充当宾语补足的是形容词短语clean and tidy。
clean and tidy 整洁的，清洁的
black and blue 青一块紫一块
happy and gay 高高兴兴
heart and soul 全心全意，一心一意
Litter baskets have been placed under the trees, but people still throw their rubbish everywhere.
树下都已设置了废物筐，但是人们仍到处扔垃圾。
have been placed 被放置
被动语态完成时，说明主语（废物筐）被放置而且现在仍被放置在那儿。
throw the rubbish everywhere 到处扔垃圾
everywhere adv. 到处
eg. He has friends everywhere. 他的朋友遍天下。
Last Wednesday, I went for a walk in the woods.
上星期三我到树林里去散步。
go for a walk 去散步
go for an outing 去野餐
go for a row 去划船
What I saw made me very sad.
我所见到的一切使我非常难过。
What I saw 我所看到的
名词从句做主语
What I say 我所说的话
What I do 我所做的事
What I eat 我所吃的东西
made me sad 使我悲伤（复合结构）
made v．使…
sad adj．作宾语补足语
eg. This makes me happy. 这使我很愉快。
I counted seven old cars and three old refrigerators.
我数了一下，有7辆旧汽车和3个旧冰箱。
count v．数数
The litter baskets were empty and ground was covered with pieces of paper, cigarette ends, old tyres, empty bottles and rusty tins.
废物筐是空的，而满地都是纸片、烟头、旧轮胎、空瓶子和生锈的空罐头盒。
be covered with（被动结构）覆盖着…
eg. The desks are covered with dust. 桌子上盖满了灰尘。
eg. The ground was covered with snow. 地上覆盖着雪。
Among the rubbish, I found a sign which said, 'Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted!'
在垃圾堆中我发现了一块牌子，上面写着：“凡在此树林里丢弃垃圾者，将依法处置。”
among prep.在…中间 （用于三人或以上）
which said 定语从句结构
which指代sign，即：
the sign said 上面写着…
which said 定语从句结构
eg. I received a letter from my brother, which said he was traveling in England.
我收到弟弟的一封信，上面说他正在英格兰旅行。
…‘Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted!'
who引起定语从句，修饰anyone。
anyone who… 任何…的人
eg. Anyone who comes to the party is welcome.
该晚会来者不拒。
will be prosecuted 将被处置，被动语态将来时。
语法：被动语态（二）
上一次介绍了被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时形式，这里介绍其现在完成时和一般将来时形式：
（1）现在完成时形式：has/have + been + 过去分词：
The basket has already been emptied.
篮子已经被腾空了。
They have already been invited.
他们已被邀请。
（2）一般将来时形式：will/shall +be +过去分词：
The floor will be swept soon.
地不久就会扫的。
The knives will be sharpened soon.
刀不久就会磨的。