Unit 13 We’re trying to save the earth!教案（6课时）

Unit 13 We’re trying to save the earth!
教学目标：
话题Topic：环境保护 (Protecting the environment)
功能 Functions：
能谈论环境污染和环境保护问题 (Talk about pollution and environmental protection)
We’re trying to save the earth.
The river used to be so clean.
The air is badly polluted.
To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving.
语法复习：Review of key structures
能正确区分和使用以下语法结构：现在进行时、used to、被动语态、现在完成时、情态动词等。
We are trying to save the earth.
The river used to be so clean.
It was considered the nicest river in town.
We should help save the sharks.
词汇和常用表达 Words & expressions
能正确使用下列词汇 (Curriculum words)
bottom, fisherman, coal, advantage, industry, law, gate, bottle, president, work, metal, ugly, wooden, plastic, cruel, harmful, scientific, litter, cost, afford, recycle
能正确使用下列常用表达 (Useful expressions)
be harmful to, at the top of, the food chain, take part in, turn off, pay for, take action, throw away, put sth. to good use, pull…down, upside down, bring back
能认读下列词汇 (Non-curriculum words)
takeaway, bin, shark, fin, chain, ecosystem, reusable, transportation, napkin, inspiration, iron, creativity
学习策略 Strategies
借助文章标题和插图对阅读篇章内容进行合理的预测
能在阅读中借助上下文语境和构词特征猜测部分词汇的含义
文化知识 Culture
了解环境污染情况问题和如何保护环境
Section A 1 (1a-2d)
Learning objectives:
1. To learn and talk about air pollution, waste pollution and ways to solve the problems.
2. To learn to use the sentence patterns.
used to...but now…
should do sth.
3. To master key words and phrases:
litter, bottom, fisherman, coal, ugly, advantage, cost, wooden, plastic, make a difference, lead to, instead of
I. Warming up
Show the pictures to make some comparison and tell students the earth is polluted
now.
For example: (1) The factories that burn coal pollute the air with a lot of black smoke.
(2) Factories put waste into the river.
(3) People should throw away litter in the bin.
(4)There are more cars on the road.
II. Work on 1a
Here are some words related to different kinds of pollution. Write them in the box below. Then add more words.
loud music cars rubbish planes littering ships factories smoking building houses mobile phones
noise pollution air pollution water pollution
____________ ___________ _____________
____________ ___________ _____________
____________ ___________ _____________
____________ ___________ _____________
Keys : noise pollution : loud music, planes, building houses, mobile phones, (machines
crowds, vehicles)
air pollution : cars, factories, smoking, building houses, water pollution, (burning, power plants, nuclear waste disposal)
water pollution : rubbish, littering, ships, factories, (sewage, industrial waste,
pesticides)
III. Listening
1. Work on 1b. Listen and complete the sentences.
What was the problem The river was _____________. Even the bottom of the river was full of ____________. There were no more ____________ for fishermen to catch.
What caused the problem People are throwing ____________ into the river. Factories are putting ____________ into the river.
How should the problem be solved We should write to the ____________ and ask them to ____________ the factories. Everyone should help to ____________ the river.
Keys: really dirty, rubbish, fish
litter, waste
government, close down, clean up
2. Listen again and answer the following questions.
What does Tony want to do later this afternoon
He wants to go swimming with Mark in the river later this afternoon.
2) How was the river in the past
It used to be so clean. It has been the nicest river in this town.
3. Present the tapescript and let students read after the audio.
used to do sth. “过去常常……” 表示过去习惯性的动作但如今已不存在。
play a part in doing sth. “参与做某事; 在做某事上起作用”。
IV. Practice
1. Role-play the conversation in 1c.
Mark: The river was dirty. Even the bottom of the river was full of rubbish.
Tony: But it used to be so clean!
Mark: Yes, but people are throwing litter into the river.
Tony: Everyone in this town should play a part in cleaning it up!
2. Make conversations about kinds of pollution in 1a.
3. Work in groups. Each group choose a topic in 2a. Say the words or phrases related to the topic one by one.
V. Listening
1. Work on 2a. Listen to the interview. Circle the kinds of pollution that Jason and Susan talk about.
A. land pollution B. air pollution
C. noise pollution D. water pollution
Keys : AB
2. Work on 2b. Listen again and complete the sentences.
1) The air is badly polluted because there are ___________ on the road these days.
2) Factories that burn coal also __________ the air with a lot of black smoke.
3) There is also too much rubbish and waste. People ______________ things every day.
4) People are also littering in ______________ like parks. This is turning beautiful places into ugly (丑陋) ones.
Keys: 1) more cars 2) pollute 3) are throwing away 4) public places
Think about: What else can cause the two kinds of pollution in life
VI. Practice (Work on 2c)
Use the information in 2a and 2b to role-play conversations between Jason and Susan.
Jason: The air has become really polluted around here. I’m getting very worried.
Susan: Yes, I used to be able to see stars in the sky.
Jason: The problem is that…
VII. Discussion
Ask students to discuss their ideas for solving the air pollution/ waste pollution problem.
VIII. Work on 2d
1. Read 2d and complete the chart.
Problems Solving problems
air pollution take the bus, subway or ride a bike instead of driving
waste pollution bring a bag to go shopping
never take wooden chopsticks or plastic forks when buying takeaway food
throw rubbish in the bins
IX. Language points
1. We’re trying to save the earth! 我们正在竭尽全力拯救地球!
try to do =try one’s best to do 尽力去做某事
【语境应用】翻译句子
我们将努力在一周内完成这项工作。
We’ll try to finish the work in a week.
【拓展】try相关短语:
try doing sth. 试着做某事
try on 试穿
try out 尝试；试验；试试
【语境应用】用try短语的适当形式填空。
1) I went to the tailor’s to _________ my new suit.
2) Let’s _________ your method. It seems very good.
3) I think you should _____________ to improve your English.
4) Let me ____________ the story. 让我试着讲一讲这个故事吧。
Keys: try on, try out, try your best, try telling
2. To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving.
为了减少空气污染，我们应该乘公共汽车或地铁而不是开车。
cut down 砍倒；消减，减少使用
e.g. You spend more than your income. Can you try to cut down
你入不敷出了，可以减少开支吗？
Many big trees along the road have been cut down for building houses．
路旁的许多大树都被砍掉建房了。
拓展：cut off 切断，停掉；中断……的通话，打断；使分离
cut up 切碎
【语境应用】将所给英语句子翻译成汉语。
1) Please cut up the meat before you do some cooking.
在你做饭前请把肉切碎。
2) The oil supply was cut off in this country last month.
上个月这个国家的石油供应被切断了。
3) He cut down on coffee and cigarettes.
他减少了喝咖啡和吸烟。
3. It’s good for health and it doesn’t cost anything!
它对健康有好处，而且不花一分钱！
cost v. 花费；使付出，指花费金钱，主语通常是物。
cost v. (cost, cost) 花费；使付出
常用结构： sth. cost(s) sb. some money
e.g. The new shirt cost Mr. Wang 200 yuan.
王先生花了200元买了一件新衬衫。
How much does the new computer cost
新电脑花了多少钱？
辨析pay, take, cost& spend
【语境应用】根据句意用take, spend, pay或cost的适当形式填空。
1) That new car ________ them lots of money.
2) Mona ________ 50 yuan on the books just now.
3) It usually _______ me an hour to do my homework.
4) You should ________ some time practising your pronunciation.
5) My brother _______ 3,000 yuan for the new computer yesterday.
Keys: cost；spend；takes； spend；paid
4. So together, our actions can make a difference and lead to a better future!
因此，我们齐心协力就能带来变化，创造更加美好的未来！
make a difference (to…) (对……)产生重大影响或作用
【拓展】
make no difference to 对……没有影响
make some difference to 对……有一些影响
make a big difference to 对……有很大影响
e.g. It makes no difference whether you accept or refuse him.
The sea air has made some difference to her health.
A little thing that makes a big difference.
【语境应用】根据汉语意思完成下列句子（每空一词）。
1) 你是去是留对我都无所谓。
It doesn’t ________ ________ _________ to me whether you go or stay.
2) 学习驾驶时，若有一位好教练指导，效果则大不相同。
When you’re learning to drive, having a good teacher makes ________ ________ __________.
Keys: make any difference , a big difference
lead to 导致
e.g. Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.
【链接】
lead sb. to ... 带领某人去……
e.g. His pet dog Lucky led us to his house just now.
【语境应用】根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空一词。
1) 工作太多、休息太少常常导致疾病。
Too much work and too little rest often ________ ________ illness.
2) 昨天那个男孩带领他们去了那家超市。
The boy ________ ________ ________ the supermarket yesterday.
Keys: lead to, led them to
X. Summary
write to ... 给……写信
the bottom of the river 河底
throw litter into the river 往河里扔垃圾
clean up ... 把……打扫干净
land / air / noise / water pollution 土地 / 空气 / 噪音 / 水污染
turn ... into ... 把……变成……
cut down air pollution 减少空气污染
instead of 代替
be good for ... 对……有好处
takeaway food 外卖食品
keep public places clean and beautiful 保持公共场所干净美观
make a difference 影响；有作用
lead to 带来；导致
Ⅺ. Exercises
Ⅰ. 根据语境及所给首字母提示，补全所缺单词。
1. This dictionary c me 228 yuan, but it was worth it.
2. This street is cleaned every day. You can hardly find l when you walk along it.
3. This method has two a : first, it is cheaper; and second, it is quicker.
4. People are encouraged to take their own bags instead of buying
p bags when shopping.
5. The water is not very deep here. I can touch the b .
Ⅱ. 根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空一词。
1. 房间里挤满了人。发生什么事了？
The room was ___________ ___________ people. What happened
2. 你应该交个笔友，用英语给她写信。
You should make a pen friend and ___________ ___________ her in English.
3. 转学对我的一生有影响。
Transforming from one school to another ___________ ___________ ___________ to my life.
4. Susan seldom buys _______ _______(外卖食物). Most of the time she cooks at home.
5. To help _______ _______ _______ _______(减少空气污染), Jason rides a bike to work instead of driving.
6. Many people fear that the use of robots in factories will _______ _______( 导致) job loss.
Homework
思考校园的不环保现象有哪些。写信给学校的校长，信内列出校园不环保的现象及相应的解决建议。100字左右。
Section A 2 (3a-3b)
Learning objectives
1. To understand the passage about the endangered animal – sharks.
2. To have the awareness of protecting the sharks and respecting nature.
3. To learn some words and expressions.
I. Warming up
1. There are some animals which are endangered. Make a list of the endangered animals in China.
2. Discuss the following questions.
1) Make a list of the protected animals in China.
2) What do you know about sharks
3) Do you think sharks are endangered Why
4) What do you think might have caused a fall in the number of sharks
II. Reading
1. Learn the new words and phrases in the text.
2. Complete the fact sheet in 3a.
Number of sharks caught and traded every year around 70 million
How government can help develop laws to stop the sale of shark fins
Two environmental groups which are against “finning” WildAid and the WWF
3. Read the passage again and fill in the blanks with the words in the box.
1) Many people do not realize they are killing a whole shark _________ they enjoy a
bowl of shark fin soup.
2) Sharks are at the top of the food chain, _________ if their numbers drop, the ocean’s ecosystem will be in danger.
3) Many think that sharks are too strong to be endangered, _________ they are wrong.
4) _________ there are no scientific studies to support this, a lot of people believe that
shark fins are good for health.
5) Sharks may disappear one day _________ we do not do something to stop the sale of shark fins.
Keys: 1. when 2. so 3. but 4. Although 5. If
4. Match the Chinese with English.
Keys:
5. Ask students to analyze what “they” refer in the sentences.
1) When people catch sharks, they cut off their fins and throw the sharks back to the oceans. (people)
2) Many believe that sharks cam never be endangered because they are the strongest in their food chain. (sharks)
3) They have even asked government to develop laws to stop the sale of shark fins.
(environmental protection groups)
6. Read the text after the recording and pay attention to the pronunciation, intonation and the pause.
7. According to the text, complete the following exercises.
Some people like to eat shark fin soup. But getting the shark fin is very _______. When people catch sharks, they ______ _______ their fins and throw the sharks back into the ocean. The sharks slowly die because they can’t _______ without fins. And it is also ________ to the environment. Sharks are at the ______ of the food chain. If the number of sharks drops too low, it will break the balance of the nature. Please say no to eating shark fin soup, and take action to save the sharks!
Keys: cruel, cut off, swim, harmful, top
2. Group Work
What can we do to save the sharks Work with your group members and make a poster about shark protection.
III. Language points
1. This method is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment.
这种方法不但残忍而且对环境有害。
not only … but also … “不仅……而且……” 连接两个并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，其中的also可以省略。
e.g. She not only plays the piano well, but (also) writes music.
He is famous not only in China but also in the whole world.
not only置于句首时，则紧随其后的句子用倒装，但but also后的句子不倒装。
e.g. Not only does my sister sing well, but she dances well.
not only ... but also ... 连接并列主语时，谓语动词须与后面那个主语在人称和数上保持一致，即就近原则。
e.g. Not only the students but also the teacher is working hard.
Not only he but also I am wrong.
【语境应用】同义句转换，每空一词。
1) She and I have already been to Beijing.
______ ______ she ______ ______ I have already been to Beijing.
Not only… but also
2) He likes to swim and he wants to teach the kids to swim, too.
Not only ______ ______ ______ to swim, ______ he wants to teach the kids to swim.
does he like… but
3) The twins were late this morning. Sam was late this morning, too.
Not only the twins ______ ______ Sam ______ late this morning.
but also…was
______ ______ Sam but also the twins _______ late this morning.
Not only…were
be harmful to 对……有害
e.g. Too much salt can be harmful to a young baby.
【链接】
harm n. & v. 损害，伤害
【语境应用】翻译句子。
1) 吸烟有害健康。
Smoking is harmful to the health.
2) 电脑游戏玩太多对眼睛有害。
Playing mobile phone much is harmful to your eyes.
2. Without a fin, a shark can no longer swim and slowly dies.
失去鱼鳍的鲨鱼不能再游泳，会慢慢死掉。
no longer = not … any longer
no more = not … any more 不再
e.g. Mr. Brown no longer works here.= Mr. Brown doesn’t work here any longer.
Brown先生不再在这儿工作了。
You can’t drink any more.= You can drink no more.
你不能再喝酒了。
【语境应用】用no longer和not ... any longer两种形式将下列汉语句子翻译成
英语。
1) 我不再喜欢集邮了。
_______________________________________
2) 他不再是个小孩子了。
_______________________________________
Keys：1) I no longer like collecting stamps.
I don’t like collecting stamps any longer.
2) He is no longer a child.
He isn’t a child any longer.
3. Sharks are at the top of the food chain in the ocean’s ecosystem.
鲨鱼位于海洋生物系统食物链的顶部。
at the top of 在……最高地位; 用最高/最大的(速度, 声音等)
e.g. He shouted at the top of his voice in order that he might be heard.
他尽力大声叫喊, 为了别人能听见。
Write your name at the top of the page.
在页面的上方写下你的名字。
【拓展】top短语
on top (of sth.) 在最上面，在顶部; 处于领先地位
on top of the world 极其高兴的
e.g. There should be a cup on top of the fridge.
When I heard she’d passed the exam I felt on top of the world!
【语境应用】翻译句子。
Mary is at the top of her class in English.
___________________________________
玛丽的英语水平在班上数一数二。
4. If their numbers drop too low, it will bring danger to all ocean life.
如果它们的数量下降得太多，将会给所有海洋生物带来危险。
此句复数形式的number表达全海洋中鲨鱼的总量。
当表示数值的高或低时，number要用high或low修饰。
常与number搭配的动词有grow, fall等。
e.g. In that country, the number of children going to school is higher in cities than in towns and villages.
在那个国家，城市儿童入学人数比乡镇及农村要高。
In recent years, the number of families that own cars has been growing quickly recently.
近几年来拥有轿车的家庭数量增长很快。
辨析 a number of, the number of
【语境应用】根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空词数不限。
1) 许多孩子正在花园里玩。
____________________ are playing in the garden.
2) 花园里的孩子数量是六。
____________________ the children in the garden ____________________ six.
Keys: 1) A number of children
2) The number of; is
5. Environmental protection groups around the world, such as WildAid and the WWF, are teaching the public about “finning”.
世界各地的环境保护组织，如野生救援协会和世界自然基金会，都在教育公众有关“猎翅”的（残忍）行为。
fin n. 鱼鳍
finning 由动词化的fin的-ing形式转化而成，指“猎翅”（获取鱼翅而猎杀鲨鱼）这一行为。
WWF全称为World Wide Fund For Nature，全球最大的独立性非政府环境保 护组织之一。
Ⅳ. Exercises
I. 根据语境及所给汉语提示，写出所缺单词。
1. That scientist has spent all his time doing ___________ (科学的) studies.
2. The development of space science has influenced many ___________(行业).
3. Our country is paying more and more attention to environmental protection and has developed a lot of ___________(法规) to protect the environment.
II.根据语境及所给汉语提示，写出所缺内容，每空一词。
1. Too much drinking _______ _______ _______(对……有害) health.
2. There is a tower _______ _______ _______ _______(在……顶部) the hill.
3. Every Chinese should _______ _______ _______ _______(起作用) building China into a strong country.
4. _______ _______ _______(食物链) shows the order that animals eat each other in a community.
Homework
1. Write a short passage about practical measures to protect the endangered animals.
2. Preview the next part Grammar Focus.
Section A 3 (Grammar Focus-4c)
Learning objective
To review the use of Present progressive, used to, Passive voice, Present perfect and Modal verbs.
To master them by doing some exercises.
I. Revision
1. Check if you remember these phrases.
① 不同种类的污染 ② 河底
③ 把垃圾扔到河里 ④ 在……中起作用
⑤ 在中国南部 ⑥ 对……有害
⑦ 在……顶部 ⑧ 海洋生态系统
2. Translation.
① 这不仅残酷还对环境有害。
② 鲨鱼处于海洋食物链的顶部。
③ 许多人相信鱼翅对健康有好处。
II. Grammar Focus
Pay attention to the sentences.
1) We’re trying to save the earth.
2) The river used to be so clean.
3) The air is badly polluted.
4) No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health.
5) We should help save the sharks.
Ⅲ. Grammar Review
现在进行时
1. 现在进行时: Present Progressive
定义：表示说话时（瞬间）正在进行的动作，也表示目前或现阶段一直进行的动作。或说话者的强烈情感。
结构: be (am/is/ are) + v.-ing
标志词：look, listen, now, right now…
现在分词的构成：
a. 一般情况下在动词词尾加-ing。
b. 以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e加-ing。
c. 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写最后一个字母，再加-ing。
2. used to do&be used to doing
used to do sth. 表示过去常常做某事（现在往往不做了）。
1) 其否定形式：didn’t use to do sth.
2) 一般疑问形式 ：Did +主语+ use to do sth.
3) 附加疑问句式：…, didn’t + 主语
e.g. He used to eat shark fin soup.
He didn’t use to eat shark fin soup.
He used to eat shark fin soup, didn’t he
be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
e.g. I’m used to walking to school now.
The city is hot and wet and I have been used to it.
3. 被动语态：Passive voice
定义：表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象的一种语态。
结构：be + 过去分词
各种形式被动语态的结构(以动词do为例):
一般现在时: am/is/are+ done (动词的过去分词)
一般过去时: was/were+ done
一般将来时: will/is(/am/are) going to+ be+ done
含有情态动词: can/may/must...+be+ done
4. 现在完成时: Present Perfect
定义：表示动作已经完成, 但对现在造成影响; 或者表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能持续下去的动作。
结构: has/have + 过去分词
标志词：already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once, twice, recently, so far, for+时间, since+时间点/从句……
过去分词的构成：
a. 一般情况下，在动词后加-ed。
b. 在以e结尾的动词后只加-d。
c. 在以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改成i再加ed。
d. 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed。
e. 不规则动词的过去分词，如：
put put put
beat beat beaten
become became become
get got got
begin began begun
辨析 have been to, have gone to & have been in
have been to 去过某地, 说话时已从该地回来。
have gone to 去了某地, 说话时或许在途中, 尚未返回。
have been in 已在某地, 常与表示一段时间的状语连用。
e.g. Have you been to Beijing before
你之前去过北京吗？
Jim has gone to London with his family.
Jim和他的家人已经去了伦敦。
The Greens have been in China for two years.
格林一家已经在中国呆了两年了。
5. 情态动词
1) 情态动词本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气，但不能单独作谓语，只能与其他动词构成谓语。常见的有：can (could), may (might), must, need, shall (should), will (would)等。
2) 情态动词无人称和数的变化, 后接动词原形。否定式是在情态动词后面加not。个别情态动词有过去式形式, 可用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气。
e.g. Ken can climb up the tress like a koala.
Tracy could ride a bicycle when she was five years old.
You mustn’t play with fire. It is dangerous.
Ⅳ. 中考链接
现在进行时&现在完成时
1. We ________ a e and join in. (2022甘肃武威)
A. were having B. are having C．had D．have been
2. —Congratulations! You ________ big progress in the last three years.
—Thank you, Mr. Li. I’ll never forget the good times in Junior High. (2022湖北武汉)
A．make B．made C．have made D．will make
3. We _______ each other since I came to Changsha, but we often send emails. (2022湖南怀化)
A．haven’t seen B．didn’t see C．don’t see
4. —May I speak to Wang Li
—Sorry, she is not at home. She ________ since last month. (2022江苏扬州)
A．left B．has left C．has been away D．went away
5. —Sssh! Be quiet. I’m on the phone.
—Who ________ you ________ to, Mom (2022江西)
A．do, speak B．are, speaking
C．will, speak D．have, spoken
1-5 BCACB
used to
1. — Bruce ________ so much in the past two years.
—Yeah, he ________ be shy, but now he is confident and active. (2022四川达州)
A. has changed; used to B. changed; is used to
C. changed; used to D. has changed; is used to
2. —Tom _______ every day.
—Really But why is he so weak now (2021青海)
used to exercise B. is used to exercising
C. used to stay up late
1-2 AA
被动语态
1. A lot of birds ________ in nature parks every year. (2022天津)
A．protect B．is protected C．are protected D．protected
2. The tea in Yunnan is so famous that it ________ to places across the world every day. (2022云南昆明)
A．sends B．sent C．is sent D．will be sent
3. His guitar ________ as a gift for him last week. (2022重庆)
A．buys B．is bought C．bought D．was bought
4. Paper ________ in ancient China more than 2,000 years ago. (2022甘肃武威)
A．invented B．was invented C．invent D．is invented
5. —I hear that you took part in a forest clean-up activity last Sunday.
—Yes, it ________ by our school green club to protect forests. (2022江苏扬州)
A．organizes B．organized
C．was organized D．will be organized
1-5 CCDBC
情态动词
1. —_______ I take photos here
—Sorry, you can't. It's not allowed in the museum. (2022北京)
A. Must B. Need C. Can D. Will
2. —I don’t care what Kate thinks.
—Well, you _______. Her suggestions are of some value. (2022江苏镇江)
A. would B. should C. might D. could
3. —Dad, must I become a doctor like you when I finish university in the future
—No, you _______. You can make your own decision and do whatever you like. (2022辽宁朝阳)
A. don’t have to B. can’t C. mustn’t D. couldn’t
4. To achieve our dream, we _______ rest on what we have done.
(2022江苏常州)
A. may not B. should not C. need not D. could not
5. —I can’t find my dictionary. _______ I use yours
—Sure, here you are. (2022辽宁盘锦)
A. Need B. May C. Must D. Should
1-5 CBABB
Ⅴ. Practice
1. Work on 4a. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
Joe: _____ you ever ______ (take) part in an environmental project
Eric: Yes, I have. I ______ (help) with a Clean-Up Day last year. It was _________ (consider) the biggest clean-up project this city ____ ever ____ (have).
Joe: How many people ____ (take) part
Eric: I _______ (think) more than 1,000 people ______ (come) to help out.
Joe: That’s fantastic! I guess everyone in this city is ______ (try) to improve the environment.
Eric: Yes, we can’t afford to ____ (wait) any longer to take action!
Learn some new words and expressions.
Keys: Have…taken, helped, considered, had…had, took, think, came, trying, wait
2. Work on 4b. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modal verbs from the box. The words are:
can, would, could, have to, should, must, may/might
People __________ think that big things ________ be done to save the earth. Many forget that saving the earth begins with small things. For example, you ________ save electricity by turning off the lights when you leave a room. You ________ also use reusable bags instead of plastic bags. I think it’s a great idea that you now ________ pay for plastic bags in some stores. And instead of driving to school or work, you __________ ride your bike or walk. If it’s far, you __________ take the bus. All these small things __________ add up and become big things that _________ improve the environment. Let’s take action now!
Learn some new words and expressions.
Keys: may/might, must/have to, can/should/could, can/could/should, have to, can/could/should, can/could, can/could, would/can/could
3. Work on 4c. Make a list of things that people can do to help the environment and discuss your list with your partner.
use public transportation (n.交通运输);
turn off the lights when you leave a room;
use reusable bags instead of plastic bags;
ride your bike or walk to school or work;
stop using paper napkins;
recycle books and paper
…
A: I think that everyone should use public transportation.
B: I disagree. It’s difficult for parents with young children to use public transportation…
VI. Language points
We can’t afford to wait any longer to take action!
我们承担不起继续等待而不采取行动！
afford v. 承担得起;买得起；提供, 给予；常与can, be able to连用
afford sth. 买得起/承受得起某物
afford to do sth. 有能力做某事/负担得起做某事
e.g. Can you afford the mobile phone
We can’t afford to pay such a price.
【辨析】afford & buy
afford 侧重“有经济能力买”
buy 侧重“购买(这一行为)”
【语境应用】根据句意，用afford或buy的适当形式填空。
(1) They can’t ________ to send their children to college. afford
(2) Can you ________ a new car afford
(3) Helen ________ some fruit on her way home yesterday. bought
Ⅵ. Exercises
Ⅰ. 根据语境，用括号内所给词语的正确时态和语态填空。
1. Look! Maria and Tom ______________(dance) under the tree.
2. I received Lucy’s e-mail yesterday, but I ______________(not reply) to it.
3. If new energy ______________(use), there will be less pollution.
4. The TV ______________(turn off) by Mom. She asked us to read books.
5. The new bridge between the two cities _________________(complete) by the end of this year.
6. Mike used to _________________(play) computer games on weekends, but now he is used to _________________ (read) books instead.
II. 根据语境，从方框中选择恰当的情态动词填空(可重复使用)。
can, could, must, may, shouldn’t
1. I ___________ swim when I was five years old.
2. We ___________ go to the cinema tonight, but we are not sure.
3. You ___________ talk back to your mom.
4. Don’t worry about me. I ___________ take care of myself.
5. We ___________ study hard, or we will fail in the exam.
Homework
Make up a conversation about what people can do to protect the environment by using modal verbs.
Section B 1 (1a-1e)
I. Warming up
1. T: What should we do to help save the earth
Turn off the lights when we leave a room.
Take the bus instead of driving.
Reduce using paper napkins.
Recycle books and paper.
Turn off the shower while we are washing our hair.
Ⅱ. Work on 1a, 1b
1. What can we do to help save the earth Rank these items from the easiest (1) to the most difficult(5).
______stop riding in cars
______recycle books and paper
______turn off the lights when you leave a room
______turn off the shower while you are washing your hair
______reduce using paper napkins
2. Work on pare your answers in 1a with your partner.
Ⅲ. Listening
1. Listen for the general idea of the conversation.
The general idea of the conversation between Julia and Jack is about _______.
A. air pollution
B. water pollution
C. things to do to save the earth
2. Listen and check (√) the things that Julia and Jack talk about.
3. Check (√) the things that Julia is doing now, the things she will do in the future and the things she would never do.
4. Check the answers with the whole class.
Things Julia and Jack talk about Things Julia is doing now Things Julia will do in the future Things Julia would never do
___ turning off the light
___ turning off the shower
___ stopping using paper napkins
___ taking your own bags when shopping.
___ not riding in cars
___ riding a bike
___ recycling paper
Ⅳ. Practice
Make a conversation using the information from the chart in 1c. Say what is true for you.
Ⅴ. Summary
turn off the lights / shower 关灯 / 淋浴器
ride in cars 乘小汽车
paper napkins 餐巾纸
Ⅵ. Exercises
翻译下列句子。
1. Mike总是骑自行车上班而不是开车上班。
2. 请你关灯。
3. 循环使用纸张是对环境有益的。
4. 我们去年就不用塑料袋了。
5. 你最好购物时带自己的袋子。
Homework
1. List at least four things you can do for our environment.
2. Preview the article Rethink, Reuse, Recycle on page 102.
Section B 2 (2a-2e)
Learning objectives
1. To understand the passage about recycling
2. To have awareness of waste recycling in our daily life
3. To learn some words and expressions
I. Warming up
1. Show some pictures of recycling things we don’t use any more.
2. Ask Ss to talk about how they deal with things they don’t use.
II. Reading
1. Look at the title and the pictures in 2b, then answer the question.
What do you think the reading passage is about
It is about how people can think of creative ways to use things that are no longer wanted.
2. Read the passage quickly and answer the question.
How many people are mentioned in the passage Who are they
Three. They are Amy Hayes, Jessica Wong, and Wang Tao.
3. Read the passage again and complete the chart below.
Names What materials did they use What did they make
Amy Hayes windows and doors of old buildings that have been pulled down; an old boat; rocks; old glass bottles a house
Jessica Wong old clothes，especially old jeans bags
Wang Tao iron and other materials from old cars beautiful art pieces
4. Read paragraph 2 and find the answers.
① Amy recently won a prize from ______________________________.
the Help Save Our Planet Society
② Translate the sentence “She lives in a house in the UK that she built herself out of rubbish”.
她住在英国，房子是她自己用废弃物建造而成的。
③ Where do the windows and doors come from
They come from old buildings around Amy’s town that were pulled down.
④ What is the top of the house
It is an old boat turned upside down.
⑤ What is the gate made of
It is made of rocks and old glass bottles.
5. Read paragraph 3 and answer the questions.
①Is Jessica Wong good at recycling What does she do
Yes, she is. She uses old clothes that people don’t wear anymore to make bags.
②Where can we buy her bags
In her small shop or online.
③What will she write in her book
New ways to use old clothes.
6. Read paragraph 4 and complete the blanks.
①Wang Tao
He makes beautiful art pieces with iron and other materials from _________. He hopes to set up a “metal art” theme park.
old cars
②Translate the sentence “Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but it also shows that even cold, hard iron can be brought back to life with a little creativity .” into Chinese.
艺术不但可以给人们带来快乐，而且也说明只需要一点创造力，即使是冰冷、坚硬的铁也可产生活力。
III. Practice 2c and 2d
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases in the box.
put to good use build… out of pull down set up known for not only… but also
1) Amy Hayes lives in the UK. Many of the old buildings in her neighborhood were _________________.
2) All the rubbish and old things in Amy’s neighborhood were then _________________ when Amy built her house.
3) Amy is very creative. She _________________ her front gate _________________ rocks and old glass bottles. She put an old boat on top of her house.
4) Jessica Wong sells her bags in a small shop, but she has also _________________ an online business to sell them.
5) Though Jessica’s bags are make from old clothes, her bags are _________________ being cute and useful.
6) Wang Tao _________________ makes large pieces of metal art that look like animals or humans, _________________ makes smaller pieces for the home.
Keys: pulled down, put to good use, built… out of, set up, known for,
not only；but also
2. Underline the words in the passage based on the words below. What are the differences
think use usual
recycle build create
special recent environment
important protect inspire
Notes:
1. Rethink, Reuse, Recycle !
重新思考，重新使用，重新利用！
re-是最常用的前缀之一。它可以加在名词或动词前面，构成新的名词或动词。re-表示以下意义：
1)表示“回”或“向后”的意思。例如：return（回来）recall（回忆，召回）
2)表示“再”、“重新”、“重复”的意思。
例如：rethink（再思考）reuse（再运用）restart（重新开始）
reread（重读；再读）
2. Nothing is a waste if you have a creative mind.
如果你有一个创造性的头脑，没有东西会是废品。
-ive是形容词后缀 一般表示有……的
creative（有创造力的）, active（活跃的）, expensive（贵的），
effective（有效的）
3. You have probably never heard of Amy Hayes, but she is a most unusual woman.
你可能从来没有听过艾米·海斯，但她是一个非常不寻常的女性。
un-“不，非” ，加在形容词之前，表示否定。
e.g. uncomfortable 不舒服的
unhappy 不愉快的
unlucky 不幸的
unfriendly 不友好的
uncomfortable 不舒服的
unpleasant 使人不愉快的
unimportant 不重要的
4. Amy recently won a prize from the Help Save Our Planet Society.
Amy最近获得了“救助我们的星球”协会颁发的奖项。
-ly副词后缀
e.g. really 真正地
usually 通常；通例地
finally 最终地
happily 开心地
5. Amy is an inspiration to us all.
Amy给了我们所有人一个启示。
-tion名词后缀，表示动作、状态。
e.g. invitation 邀请
competition 竞争；竞赛
population 人口；人口数
pronunciation 发音；读法
pollution 污染
6. The theme park to show people the importance of environmental protection.
王涛希望能建立一个“金属艺术”主题公园，向人们展示环境保护的重要性。
-al 形容词后缀，表示“与……有关的”
e.g. environmental 环境的；有关环境的
cultural 文化的；有教养的；人文的
national 国家的，全国性的
Practice
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words.
1) It was really _________ for him to stay silent for a day. He’s such an active boy.
2) The president thought Amy was a(n) _________ to us all.
3) A theme park will be set up to show people the importance of _________ (循环利用).
4) Think _________, and you can bring the cold iron back to life.
5) Don’t throw the bottle away. _________ it so that it can be put to good use.
Keys: unusual, inspiration, recycling, creatively, Reuse
IV. Discussion (Work on 2e)
Make a list of things that need to be done to save the environment. Which things can be done by common people every day Which things have to be done by governments and organizations Discuss these with your group.
Keys:
Things which can be done by people every day:
take your own bags when you go shopping
spend less time in the shower
turn off the lights when you leave a room
take public transport rather than drive
reduce using air conditioners
Things which have to be done by governments and organizations:
educate the public
ensure that factories get rid of waste in a responsible way
preserve the forests
preserve endangered species
not allow activities that seriously endanger the environment
V. Language points
1. Do you often throw away things you don’t need anymore
你经常扔掉你不再需要的东西吗？
throw away
1)扔掉，丢弃浪费
e.g. These apples are bad. Throw them away.
这些苹果坏了，把它们扔掉吧。
2)错过(机会等)，放过；未能很好利用(机会等)
e.g. It’s pity to throw away this opportunity.
错过这次机会很可惜。
3)浪费(时间、金钱等)乱花(钱等)
e.g. Don’t throw away your time on computer games.
不要把时间浪费在电脑游戏上。
【语境应用】根据上面的不同意思翻译下列句子。
1) I never throw anything away.
_______________________________________
2) Don’t throw away this opportunity.
_______________________________________
3) You are throwing your money away，buying such useless things．
_______________________________________
Keys:
1)我什么东西都不舍得扔。
2)不要错过这个机会。
3) 你买这些没有用的东西是在浪费钱。
2. Have you ever thought about how these things can actually be put to good use
你有没有想过，这些东西如何才能真正得到很好的利用？
put sth. to good use 好好利用
e.g. He’ll be able to put his experience to good use in the new job.
make (good) use of sth. 利用/使用某物
e.g. We must make good use of time to study.
【语境应用】翻译句子。
1) 我们可以更有效地利用我们的资源(resource)。
2) 她在新工作中应该可以好好运用她会的各种语言。
She'll be able to _____________________________________.
3) 别把那只箱子扔掉，我肯定我还能用得着它。
Don't throw that box away— ___________________________.
Keys: 1) We could make better use of our resources.
2) put her languages to good use in her new job
3) I'm sure I could put it to some use
3. …but she is a most unusual woman.
a most +adj.+ n. 一个很/非常……的……
the most +adj.+ n. 最……
【语境应用】翻译句子。
This is a most useful tool.
这是一个非常有用的工具。
She is the most careful girl in the class.
她是班上最细心的女孩。
4. She lives in a house in the UK that she built herself out of rubbish.
她住在英国，房子是她用废弃物建造而成的。
build /make ... out of 用……建造/制造
e.g. That cottage was made out of logs．
那小屋是用圆木建成的。
【语境应用】翻译句子。
他用木头造了个模型船。
He built a model ship out of wood.
5. The top of the house is an old boat turned upside down.
房子的顶部是一条翻转过来的旧木船。
turned upside down “被翻转过来的; 被颠倒过来的”，作后置定语修饰
boat。
e.g. You can’t turn the facts upside down.
你不能颠倒事实。
Turn the cake upside down and cover it with cream.
把蛋糕翻过来抹上奶油。
6. And the gate in front of her house is made of rocks and glass bottles.
她房子前面的大门是用石头和玻璃瓶做的。
be made of和be made from都表示“由……制成”，但二者的用法有区别。
be made of 原材料未发生化学变化，从成品中仍可看出原材料；
be made from 原材料经过化学变化，从成品中看不出原材料。
【语境应用】翻译句子。
1) 这些课桌椅是木材制成的。
These desks and chairs are made of wood.
2) 这种酒是用小麦制成的。
This kind of wine is made from wheat.
7. He is known for using iron and other materials from old cars to make beautiful art pieces.
他因使用旧车的钢铁和其他材料来制作艺术品而闻名。
be known for 因……而著名
be known as 作为……而著名
be known to 为……所熟知
【语境应用】根据汉语提示完成句子。
1) He _____________ his intelligence.
他的聪慧 是出了名的。
2) It will _____________ everybody in the course of time.
过一段时间人人都会知道的。
3) Sichuan ___________ a land of plenty.
四川号称天府之国。
Keys：1) is known for 2) be known to 3) is known as
8. Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but it also shows that even cold, hard iron can be brought back to life with a little creativity.
艺术不但可以给他人带来快乐，而且也说明只需要一点创造力，即使是冰冷、坚硬的铁也可以产生活力。
bring back 恢复；使想起；归还；带……回来
e.g. The government has decided to bring back the old electric trams.
These books must be brought back within a week.
Don’t forget to bring something back for the kids.
【拓展】back短语
call (sb.) back (给某人)回电话
talk back 回嘴；顶嘴
look back (at) 回首(往事)；回忆；回顾
go/get back to (doing) sth. 和以前一样, 恢复原来的状态
sit/lie back 舒舒服服地坐着/躺着
write back 写回信
turn…back 循原路折返, 往回走
【语境应用】根据汉语提示完成句子。
1) Please __________ all library books by the end of the week.
请在周末前把图书馆的书全部归还。
2) ____________ your notes and summarize what you have learned.
回头看看笔记，总结一下学到的东西。
3) The weather became so bad that they had to __________.
天气变得非常恶劣，他们不得不循原路折回。
Keys: bring back, Look back at, turn back
VI. Summary
扔掉；抛弃 throw away
好好利用某物 put sth. to good use
拥有创意的头脑 have a creative mind
用……建造…… build…out of…
拆下；摧毁 pull…down
上下颠倒；倒转 upside down
在……前面 in front of…
获奖 win a prize
开一家小店 open a small shop
建立网站 set up a website
在网上出售…… sell…online
VII. Exercises
Ⅰ. 根据语境，从方框中选择恰当的单词填空，注意形式变化。
recycle, gate, bottle, afford, president, work, metal
1. Tom went through the _______ and into the park just now.
2. Gold and silver are both _______.
3. Several _________ attended the meeting in Paris last month.
4. Many materials can be _______, such as paper and glass.
5. The museum has many _______ by Picasso as well as other modern painters.
6. These _______ are empty. Please fill them with water.
7. I couldn’t _______ the car because it was too expensive.
Ⅱ. 根据汉语意思，完成英语句子，每空一词。
1. 不要扔掉那些书。我们可以把它们捐给儿童之家。
Don’t _______ _______ those books. We can give them away to the children’s home.
2. Mrs. Black鼓励我们好好利用空闲时间。
Mrs. Black encouraged us to _______ our spare time _______ _______ _______.
3. 我常去的那家书店去年被拆除了。
The bookstore that I used to visit _______ _______ _______ last year.
4. 他捏住包的外角，把它倒过来晃了晃。
He held the bag by the corners and shook it _______ _______.
5. 这张老照片唤起了许多回忆。
This old photo _______ _______ many memories.
Homework
Think about what daily things can be recycled, do you have a creative mind Write at least 3 things.
e.g. We can reuse _______. We can make ________ with it/them.
Section B 3 (3a-Self Check)
I. Warming up
1. What should we do to save the earth
Turn off the lights when we leave a room.
Take our own bags when shopping.
Ride a bike.
Recycle paper.
Don’t use paper napkins.
2. What should governments do to save the earth
They should close down the factories that put waste into the river.
Set up a lot of dustbins on the street.
Encourage people to reduce the use of wooden chopsticks, plastic bowls and bags.
Organize people to clean up the streets and rivers.
II. Writing
Pre-writing
1. Work on 3a. Which parts of the town/ city have a nice environment Why are they nice Which parts need to be improved Why
Good environment Why Bad environment Why


Fill in the chart about your city.
2. Work on 3b.
Write a letter to the city major about the problems and your suggestions.
In your letter, describe the environmental problems in your town/city.
① What are the problems
② Where are they
③ What or who is causing these problems
Then, give suggestions or possible ways to solve the problems.
I think that…
We should / could…
I suggest…
Sample:
Dear Sir/Madam,
I have lived in this town ever since I was born and I love this town very much.
I think that there are beautiful areas in this town, but there are
also areas that aren't attractive, like the rubbish disposal areas at the bottom of our apartment blocks. There is rubbish coming out of the bins, and flies, cockroaches and rats running all over the rubbish. It is unpleasant to look at, smelly, and it makes the environment very unhealthy.
The problem is that the rubbish collectors do not come often enough to collect the rubbish. The people living here may also be throwing away too much rubbish.
We could try to ask people to produce less rubbish. I suggest that rubbish collectors collect rubbish more often as well.
I believe that a better environment can be created in this town and we should all work together to achieve it.
Yours faithfully,
Wang Xi
【写作指导】
本次写作内容是一封建议信，信的主体部分为说明文, 时态采用一般现在时，人称用第一人称和第三人称。信中要介绍你所在城市存在有哪些环境问题，是谁造成的这些问题，然后提出解决这些环境问题的方法和措施。
列提纲 写句子
自我介绍及写信目的 I’m from No. 5 Middle School. I like the city, but the environment around here is getting worse and worse.
环境问题1 问题 There is white pollution everywhere in the city.
原因 People use too many disposable (一次性的) things, such as plastic cups, bottles, bags and lunch boxes. People throw them away after only using them once.
建议 I think that people should try to use their own cups, lunch boxes and chopsticks instead of disposable things .
环境问题2 问题 There has been haze (雾霾) in the city in recent years.
原因 That’s because there are more and more cars on the road and they give off too much waste gas.
建议 People should use public transportation more It’s a good idea to take buses and use shared bikes I think the government should encourage more people to use new energy vehicles (新能源汽车).
表达希望 I hope the environment in your city gets better and better.
One possible version
Dear Mr. Mayor,
I’m from No. 5 Middle School. I like the city, but the environment around here is getting worse and worse.
First, there is white pollution everywhere in the city. People use too many disposable things, such as plastic cups, bottles, bags and lunch boxes. People throw them away after only using them once. I think that people should try to use their own cups, lunch boxes and chopsticks instead of disposable things.
Second, there has been haze in the city in recent years. That’s because there are more and more cars on the road and they give off too much waste gas. People should use public transportation more. It’s a good idea to take buses and use shared bikes. I think the government should encourage more people to use new energy vehicles.
I hope the environment in your city gets better and better.
Yours sincerely,
Wang Lei
IV. Self Check
Write different forms of the words. Then add more to each group.
v.— n.
pollute– act – protect– inspire –
build – create – meet – educate –
paint–
n.— adj.
fame – wood – science– health –
south – care – rain – cloud–
luck – help – color – wool –
adj.— n.
different – important – significant–
relevant – brilliant –
adj.— adv.
slow – wide – sudden – real –
quick – true – possible– happy –
loud – quiet – heavy – easy –
angry– good –
Match each statement with the grammar structure.
Statement Grammar
The river used to be so clean. Present progressive
We have seen many changes in the environment. Modal verbs
People should take public transportation more. Passive voice
The river is polluted by factories. used to
The air pollution is getting worse and worse. Present perfect
3. Write ways to cut down on these kinds of pollution.
Kinds of pollution Ways to cut down
water pollution
land pollution
noise pollution
air pollution
V. Summary
VI. Exercise
根据短文内容，从方框中选择恰当的单词填空，注意形式变化。
law, iron, coal, industry, harmful, cost, afford, science, inspiration, transportation
It is reported that from January to July 2021, the number of days with good air quality (质量) in Hebei Province reached 144, an increase of seven days over the same period last year. This is a(n) (1)_______ to us all.
Hebei has long been troubled by bad air quality because of its heavy (2)_______ like steel and energy. Some people there make money at the (3)_______ of the environment. Luckily, the situation has improved in recent years because multiple measures (多项措施) have been taken by the government of Hebei Province. Local (4)_______ have been made to protect the environment. To cut down pollution, Hebei has closed down several (5)_______ and steel factories, along with some other factories that also heavily pollute the environment. Other measures include controlling emissions (排放物) that are caused by cars and the burning of (6)_______. Experts are encouraged to continue carrying out (7)_______ studies to find more ways to fight against pollution.
At the same time, people in Hebei have also realized the importance of environmental protection. They can’t (8)_______ to wait any longer to take action! Everyone is trying to play a part in protecting the environment. For example, more and more people have already started to use public (9)_______ instead of driving.
“The heavy smog (雾霾) that was often seen in Hebei several years ago was very (10)_______. I don’t want my children to experience it any longer. I hope they can see the blue sky and smell clean air every day,” said Wang Taotao, a 33-year-old mother in Shijiazhuang, the capital of Hebei Province.
Homework
Finish your letter.
Review what you have learned in this unit.