2024新课标英语高考专题复习--专题四　猜测词义（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2024新课标英语高考专题复习
专题四　猜测词义
五年高考
A组　统一命题·课标全国卷题组
Passage 1(2023全国甲,B)词数291　
　　Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day's work was rewarded with ￡5 in pocket money. She says:“I'm sure I wasn't much of a help to start with. But when Derek built our family house about eight years ago, I was heavily involved(参与), painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and it was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.”
Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy(租期)comes to an end. She adds:“I've moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures. So, it's been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I've moved out.”
With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over the coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average spend per project will be around ￡823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. A fifth wish to increase the value of their houses. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as a male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.
1. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1
A. An artist.　　　B. A winner.
C. A specialist.　　　D. A pioneer.
2. Why did Terri's grandfather give her ￡5 a day
A. For a birthday gift.
B. As a treat for her work.
C. To support her DIY projects.
D. To encourage her to take up a hobby.
3. How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented
A. By making it look like before.
B. By furnishing it herself.
C. By splitting the rent with a roommate.
D. By cancelling the rental agreement.
4. What trend in DIY does the research show
A. It is becoming more costly.
B. It is getting more time-consuming.
C. It is turning into a seasonal industry.
D. It is gaining popularity among females.
答案　
1. C　2. B　3. A　4. D
Passage 2(2022全国乙,C)词数316　
　　Can a small group of drones(无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today's “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
1. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible
A. The use of drones in checking on power lines.
B. Drones' ability to work at high altitudes.
C. The reduction of cost in designing drones.
D. Drones' reliable performance in remote areas.
2. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Personnel safety.
B. Assistance from drones.
C. Inspection and repair.
D. Construction of infrastructure.
3. What function is expected of the rail drones
A. To provide early warning.
B. To make trains run automatically.
C. To earn profits for the crews.
D. To accelerate transportation.
4. Which is the most suitable title for the text
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
答案　
1. A　2. C　3. A　4. D
Passage 3(2022全国甲,C)词数312　
　　As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
1. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2
A. Try challenging things.
B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lost memories.
D. Stick to a promise.
2. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica
A. Lovely penguins.　　　B. Beautiful scenery.
C. A discount fare.　　　D. A friend's invitation.
3. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey
A. It could be a home for her.
B. It should be easily accessible.
C. It should be well preserved.
D. It needs to be fully introduced.
4. What is the text mainly about
A. A childhood dream.
B. An unforgettable experience.
C. Sailing around the world.
D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
答案　
1. A　2. C　3. C　4. B
Passage 4(2021全国乙,B)词数333　
　　When almost everyone has a mobile phone,why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline (座机)
These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn't own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere,anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on their smartphones, according to a survey(调查). Of those Australians who still have a landline,a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor(因素)—only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then,compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn't the only factor; I'd say it's also to do with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone(using Caller ID would take the fun out of it).
How attached are you to your landline How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries
1. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones
A. Their target users.
B. Their wide popularity.
C. Their major functions.
D. Their complex design.
2. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Admit.　　　B. Argue.　　　C. Remember.　　　D. Remark.
3. What can we say about Baby Boomers
A. They like smartphone games.
B. They enjoy guessing callers' identity.
C. They keep using landline phones.
D. They are attached to their family.
4. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph
A. It remains a family necessity.
B. It will fall out of use some day.
C. It may increase daily expenses.
D. It is as important as the gas light.
答案　
1. B　2. A　3. C　4. B
Passage 5(2021全国甲,C)词数356　
　　When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam(横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “Safe!Safe!Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less welcoming. Within a couple of years, I'd given it up.
When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I've traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear; tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving (穿梭) among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a rail-thin teenager, in a baggy white T-shirt, skidded(滑)up to the beam. He sat next to me. He seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years ago,” I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
1. What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London
A. He felt disappointed.
B. He gave up his hobby.
C. He liked the weather there.
D. He had disagreements with his family.
2. What do the underlined words “Safe!Safe!Safe!” probably mean
A. Be careful!　　　B. Well done!
C. No way!　　　D. Don't worry!
3. Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London
A. To join the skateboarding.
B. To make new friends.
C. To learn more tricks.
D. To relive his childhood days.
4. What message does the author seem to convey in the text
A. Children should learn a second language.
B. Sport is necessary for children's health.
C. Children need a sense of belonging.
D. Seeing the world is a must for children.
答案　
1. A　2. B　3. D　4. C
Passage 6(2020全国Ⅰ,B)词数324　
　　Returning to a book you've read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There's a welcome familiarity—but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don't change, people do. And that's what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It's true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it's all about the present. It's about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually. The first, which I take to reading every spring, is Ernest Hemingway's A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it's his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating(令人陶醉的), an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard's Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble(随笔)about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar's Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author's work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it's you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
1. Why does the author like rereading
A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.
B. It's a window to a whole new world.
C. It's a substitute for drinking with a friend.
D. It extends the understanding of oneself.
2. What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast
A. It's a brief account of a trip.
B. It's about Hemingway's life as a young man.
C. It's a record of a historic event.
D. It's about Hemingway's friends in Paris.
3. What does the underlined word “currency” in paragraph 4 refer to
A. Debt.　　　B. Reward.
C. Allowance.　　　D. Face value.
4. What can we infer about the author from the text
A. He loves poetry.
B. He's an editor.
C. He's very ambitious.
D. He teaches reading.
答案　
1. D　2. B　3. B　4. A
Passage 7(2020全国Ⅱ,C)词数369　
　　When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn't cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion(时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur—unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can't handle this non-native species(物种). It's destroying the environment. It's them or us,”says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it's not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton's job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there's Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions. Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think that's going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.”Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She's trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
1. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn
A. To promote guilt-free fur.
B. To expand the fashion market.
C. To introduce a new brand.
D. To celebrate a winter holiday.
2. Why are scientists concerned about nutria
A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.
B. Nutria are an endangered species.
C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.
D. Nutria are illegally hunted.
3. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean
A. Boomed.　　　B. Became mature.
C. Remained stable.　　　D. Crashed.
4. What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan
A. It's formal.　　　B. It's risky.
C. It's harmful.　　　D. It's traditional.
答案　
1. A　2. A　3. D　4. B
Passage 8(2020全国Ⅲ,B)词数280　
　　When “Rise of the Planet of the Apes” was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren't there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film stars. Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers:“Thanks for not using real apes(猿)!”
The creative team behind “Apes” used motion-capture(动作捕捉)technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor's performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image(图像). In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape.
Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including “Water for Elephants,” “The Hangover Part Ⅱ” and “Zookeeper,” have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven't been treated properly.
In some cases, it's not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it's the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the States.
1. Why did the animal activists gather on Hollywood Boulevard
A. To see famous film stars.
B. To oppose wearing fur coats.
C. To raise money for animal protection.
D. To express thanks to some filmmakers.
2. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A. The cost of making “Apes.”
B. The creation of digitalized apes.
C. The publicity about “Apes.”
D. The performance of real apes.
3. What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Listing completely.
B. Directing professionally.
C. Promoting successfully.
D. Watching carefully.
4. What can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors
A. They may be badly treated.
B. They should take further training.
C. They could be traded illegally.
D. They would lose popularity.
答案　
1. D　2. B　3. D　4. A
Passage 9(2019课标全国Ⅰ,B)词数329　
　　For Canaan Elementary's second grade in Patchogue, N.Y., today is speech day, and right now it's Chris Palaez's turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.
But he's nervous.“I'm here to tell you today why you should...should...”Chris trips on the “-ld,”a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “...Vote for...me...” Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
A son of immigrants, Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls(回想起) how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.
Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student,” Whaley explains, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say,‘I don't know, but I want to know.’”
Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.
“Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,”Whaley says,“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”
1. What made Chris nervous
A. Telling a story.
B. Making a speech.
C. Taking a test.
D. Answering a question.
2. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Improper pauses.　　　B. Bad manners.
C. Spelling mistakes.　　　D. Silly jokes.
3. We can infer that the purpose of Whaley's project is to　　　.
A. help students see their own strengths
B. assess students' public speaking skills
C. prepare students for their future jobs
D. inspire students' love for politics
4. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher
A. Humorous.　　　B. Ambitious.
C. Caring.　　　D. Demanding.
答案　
1. B　2. A　3. A　4. C
Passage 10(2019课标全国Ⅱ,A)词数264　
My Favourite Books
Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series(系列) of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.
Matilda
Roald Dahl
I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds. Matilda's battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, are equally funny and frightening, but they're also aspirational.
After Dark
Haruki Murakami
It's about two sisters—Eri, a model who either won't or can't stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student. In trying to connect to her sister, Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse“night people”who are hiding secrets.
Gone Girl
Gillian Flynn
There was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is brilliant. There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It's a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what's going on is horribly enjoyable.
The Stand
Stephen King
This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.
1. Who does “I” refer to in the text
A. Stephen King.
B. Gillian Flynn.
C. Jo Usmar.
D. Roald Dahl.
2. Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri
A. Cosmopolitan.　　　B. Matilda.
C. After Dark.　　　D. The Stand.
3. What kind of book is Gone Girl
A. A folk tale.　　　B. A biography.
C. A love story.　　　D. A horror story.
答案　
1. C　2. C　3. D
Passage 11(2019课标全国Ⅱ,B)词数338　
　　“You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids' lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.
I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on...At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I'll do it.”
I'm secretly relieved because I know there's real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.
Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more:Connecting to the community(社区) as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.
In that sense, I'm pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I'd freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies
1. What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph 1
A. She knows little about the club.
B. She isn't good at sports.
C. She just doesn't want to volunteer.
D. She's unable to meet her schedule.
2. What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Encourage teamwork.
B. Appeal to feelings.
C. Promote good deeds.
D. Provide advice.
3. What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3
A. She gets interested in lacrosse.
B. She is proud of her kids.
C. She'll work for another season.
D. She becomes a good helper.
4. Why does the author like doing volunteer work
A. It gives her a sense of duty.
B. It makes her very happy.
C. It enables her to work hard.
D. It brings her material rewards.
答案　
1. C　2. B　3. D　4. B
B组　新高考卷、省(区、市)卷题组
Passage 1(2023新课标Ⅰ,C)词数314　
　　The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate(培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude(独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
1. What is the book aimed at
A. Teaching critical thinking skills.
B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Solving philosophical problems.
D. Promoting the use of a digital device.
2. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Clear-up.　　　B. Add-on.
C. Check-in.　　　D. Take-over.
3. What is presented in the final chapter of part one
A. Theoretical models.
B. Statistical methods.
C. Practical examples.
D. Historical analyses.
4. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two
A. Use them as needed.
B. Recommend them to friends.
C. Evaluate their effects.
D. Identify the ideas behind them.
答案　
1. B　2. A　3. C　4. A
Passage 2(2023新课标Ⅱ,C)词数320　
　　Reading Art:Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists' representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect(才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway,artists have used them as the raw material for artworks—transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
1. Where is the text most probably taken from
A. An introduction to a book.
B. An essay on the art of writing.
C. A guidebook to a museum.
D. A review of modern paintings.
2. What are the selected artworks about
A. Wealth and intellect.
B. Home and school.
C. Books and reading.
D. Work and leisure.
3. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Understand.　　　B. Paint.
C. Seize.　　　D. Transform.
4. What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader
A. The printed book is not totally out of date.
B. Technology has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked.
D. People now rarely have the patience to read.
答案　
1. A　2. C　3. A　4. A
Passage 3(2022新高考Ⅰ,C)词数300　
　　The elderly residents in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people's wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said:“I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they've gone to bed.
“It's good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I'm enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said:“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said:“We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
1. What is the purpose of the project
A. To ensure harmony in care homes.
B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C. To raise money for medical research.
D. To promote the elderly people's welfare.
2. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier
A. She has learned new life skills.
B. She has gained a sense of achievement.
C. She has recovered her memory.
D. She has developed a strong personality.
3. What do the underlined words“embark on” mean in paragraph 7
A. Improve.　　　B. Oppose.　　　C. Begin.　　　D. Evaluate.
4. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs
A. It is well received.
B. It needs to be more creative.
C. It is highly profitable.
D. It takes ages to see the results.
答案　
1. D　2. B　3. C　4. A
Passage 4(2022新高考Ⅱ,B)词数334　
　　We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don't even realize it's new. For them, it's just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children's book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures—a perfect match for his age.
Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches out and pokes(戳) the page with his finger.
What's up with that He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the page even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook was like that.
Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It's an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique. Like your grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I'm not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I've even built websites.
There's one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I've spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio. But that didn't stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province.
Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star—two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.
1. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2
A. Provided shelter for me.
B. Became very clear to me.
C. Took the pressure off me.
D. Worked quite well on me.
2. Why did the kid poke the storybook
A. He took it for a tablet computer.
B. He disliked the colorful pictures.
C. He was angry with his grandpa.
D. He wanted to read it by himself.
3. What does the author think of himself
A. Socially ambitious.　　　B. Physically attractive.
C. Financially independent.　　　D. Digitally competent.
4. What can we learn about the author as a journalist
A. He lacks experience in his job.
B. He seldom appears on television.
C. He manages a video department.
D. He often interviews internet stars.
答案　
1. B　2. A　3. D　4. B
Passage 5(2022浙江一考,A)词数332　
　　For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was born of the financial crisis (危机) in the late 2000s. The downturn hit the real estate (房地产) firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job. One day, while driving near her home, she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home, and her sister in Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure, but 1,600 miles away. It didn't take long for Merebeth to decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job.
Merebeth's pet delivery service satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers. She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming, heavy flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas.
This wanderlust is inherited from her father, she says. He moved their family from Canada to California when she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high school she left home to live on Catalina Island off the Californian coast, away from her parents, where she enjoyed a life of sailing and off-road biking.
It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30,000 per year before tax. She doesn't work in summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car, even with air conditioning. As autumn comes, she gets restless—the same old wanderlust returning. It's a call she must handle alone, though. Merebeth says, “When I'm on the road I'm just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I must help animals.”
1. Why did Merebeth change her job
A. She wanted to work near her home.
B. She was tired of working in the office.
C. Her sister asked her to move to Denver.
D. Her former employer was out of business.
2. The word “wanderlust” in paragraph 2 means a desire to　　　.
A. make money　　　B. try various jobs
C. be close to nature　　　D. travel to different places
3. What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job
A. She has chances to see rare animals.
B. She works hard throughout the year.
C. She relies on herself the whole time.
D. She earns a basic and tax-free salary.
答案　
1. D　2. D　3. C
Passage 6(2021新高考Ⅰ,C)词数305　
　　When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl(水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地).
In 1934,with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory(迁徙的)waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, Iowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
1. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America
A. Loss of wetlands.
B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers.
D. Arrival of other wild animals.
2. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph
A. Acquire.　　　B. Export.
C. Destroy.　　　D. Distribute.
3. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934
A. The stamp price has gone down.
B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting.
D. The government has collected money.
4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story
B. The National Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl
D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
答案　
1. A　2. C　3. D　4. A
Passage 7(2021浙江二考,B)词数312　
　　We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parks less than 10 minutes' walk from home where neighbourhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen—any screen—and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today's children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago, film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son's ear without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself “marketing director for Nature”. He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the Wild Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
“Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference,” David Bond says. “There is a lot of really interesting evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will be a habit for life.” His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now:“We just send them out into the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while.”
Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let us get them out and let them play.
1. What is the problem with the author's children
A. They often annoy the neighbours.
B. They are tired of doing their homework.
C. They have no friends to play with.
D. They stay in front of screens for too long.
2. How did David Bond advocate his idea
A. By making a documentary film.
B. By organizing outdoor activities.
C. By advertising in London media.
D. By creating a network of friends.
3. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “charts” in paragraph 2
A. records　　　B. predicts　　　C. delays　　　D. confirms
4. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Let Children Have Fun
B. Young Children Need More Free Time
C. Market Nature to Children
D. David Bond:A Role Model for Children
答案　
1. D　2. A　3. A　4. C
Passage 8(2020北京,D)词数408　
　　Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms (算法) carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are translating from one language into another. These systems are sometimes faster and more perceptive than we humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems have been designed. That is something that some AI developers are now eager to change.
Some of today's AI pioneers want to move on from today's world of “weak” or “narrow” AI, to create “strong” or “full” AI, or what is often called artificial general intelligence (AGI). In some respects, today's powerful computing machines already make our brains look weak. AGI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems. DM, a company focused on the development of AGI, has an ambition to “solve intelligence”. “If we're successful,” their mission statement reads, “we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made.”
Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an “ultra-intelligent machine...that can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities of any man, however clever.” Good went on to suggest that “the first ultra-intelligent machine” could be “the last invention that man need ever make.”
Fears about the appearance of bad, powerful, man-made intelligent machines have been reinforced (强化) by many works of fiction—Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and the Terminator film series, for example. But if AI does eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be at the hands of human-shaped forms like these, with recognisably human motivations such as aggression (敌对行为). Instead, I agree with Oxford University philosopher Nick Bostrom, who believes that the heaviest risks from AGI do not come from a decision to turn against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else.
The promise and danger of true AGI are great. But all of today's excited discussion about these possibilities presupposes the fact that we will be able to build these systems. And, having spoken to many of the world's foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see AGI any time soon, if ever.
1. What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A. Enormous in quantity.　　　B. Changeable daily.
C. Stable in quality.　　　D. Present everywhere.
2. What could AGI do for us, according to its supporters
A. Help to tackle problems.
B. Make brains more active.
C. Benefit ambitious people.
D. Set up powerful databases.
3. As for Irving Good's opinion on ultra-intelligent machines, the author is 　　　.
A. supportive　　　B. disapproving
C. fearful　　　D. uncertain
4. What can be inferred about AGI from the passage
A. It may be only a dream.
B. It will come into being soon.
C. It will be controlled by humans.
D. It may be more dangerous than ever.
答案　
1. D　2. A　3. B　4. A
Passage 9(2020新高考Ⅰ,D)词数343　
　　According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions (份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly (表面上) participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test:the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I'll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I
1. What is the recent study mainly about
A. Food safety.　　　B. Movie viewership.
C. Consumer demand.　　　D. Eating behavior.
2. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to
A. Big eaters.　　　B. Overweight persons.
C. Picky eaters.　　　D. Tall thin persons.
3. Why did the researchers hire the actor
A. To see how she would affect the participants.
B. To test if the participants could recognize her.
C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D. To study why she could keep her weight down.
4. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph
A. How hungry we are.
B. How slim we want to be.
C. How we perceive others.
D. How we feel about the food.
答案　
1. D　2. D　3. A　4. C
Passage 10(2019浙江,B)词数306　
　　Money with no strings attached. It's not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”
People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socio-economic(社会经济的)backgrounds gave and took,” said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. “We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars.” Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip(片段) shows one man who had found a $20 bill pinning it to the board.
“What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles,” Bridges said. “There's a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most.” Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could.
While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.
“After all, everyone has bad days and good days,” he said. “Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.”
1. What does the expression “money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean
A. Money spent without hesitation.
B. Money not legally made.
C. Money offered without conditions.
D. Money not tied together.
2. What did Bridges want to show by mentioning the bride
A. Women tended to be more sociable.
B. The activity attracted various people.
C. Economic problems were getting worse.
D. Young couples needed financial assistance.
3. Why did Bridges carry out the project
A. To do a test on people's morals.
B. To raise money for his company.
C. To earn himself a good reputation.
D. To promote kindness and sympathy.
答案　
1. C　2. B　3. D
三年模拟
A组　考点基础题组
Passage 1(2023广西柳州三模,C)
　　The world has faced an unprecedented(前所未有的) food crisis in 2022—the largest one in modern history, as conflicts, the pandemic, the climate crisis and rising costs have combined to pose great risks for hungry people across the world. As many as 828 million people go to bed hungry every night. The number of those facing acute food insecurity has risen from 135 million to 345 million since 2019. A total of 49 million people in 49 countries are suffering hunger, according to figures from the United Nations World Food Programme.
“We are facing an unprecedented global food crisis and all signs suggest we have not yet seen the worst. For the last three years, hunger numbers have repeatedly hit new peaks,” WFP Executive Director David Beasley said. He warned that things can and will get worse unless there is a large-scale and coordinated(协调一致的) effort to address the root causes of this crisis.
There are many reasons for prevailing high levels of food insecurity. These reasons include conflicts, climate change and weather extremes, economic slowdowns and downturns. In addition, these drivers often do not act alone. For instance, conflicts are often accompanied by economic downturns, which affect livelihoods and the ability of people to earn resources, leading to increasing poverty levels and higher prevalence(流行) of food insecurity.
Unfortunately, the main reasons for high levels of food insecurity have not improved this year. People in the Horn of Africa are facing a fifth consecutive(连续的) failed rain season in parts of Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia, which will constrain their production, and is likely to push many people deeper into food insecurity.
Moreover, there is uncertainty about the weather. And climatic shock affecting any major producer or exporter will introduce additional uncertainty into production and consequently prices, which in turn impact the ability to purchase food, particularly of the most vulnerable people.
1. How does the author lead in the topic
A. By making a comparison.
B. By sharing personal experience.
C. By giving opinions with evidence.
D. By listing facts and accurate figures.
2. What can we know from David Beasley's words
A. This global food crisis won't last longer.
B. It's certain that the global food crisis will get worse.
C. We need to work together to deal with the global food crisis.
D. There will be another new peak of hunger numbers in three years.
3. What does the underlined word “drivers” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Characters.　　　B. Operators.　　　C. Factors.　　　D. Activities.
4. What is the best title for the passage
A. The Issue of Food Safety
B. The Unprecedented Food Crisis
C. Conflicts Causing Food Shortage
D. Efforts Put into the Study of Food Insecurity
答案　
1. D　2. C　3. C　4. B
Passage 2(2023成都二诊,B)
　　Chinese ink paintings once were on the edge of being forgotten—at least according to a paper of Li Xiaoshan, a postgraduate art student.
At the time, many Chinese painting professionals passed away without finding younger artists to fill their shoes. Young artists were left on their own to find breakthroughs and define themselves as artists. While extremely exaggerated (夸张的), Li's comment sent shock waves through the Chinese painting community. Since then, many experimental painters have taken to their studios in China, creating many astonishing and inspirational ink paintings using new methods and concepts, marking an important step for the development of contemporary Chinese paintings.
Shao Ge is a representative of this new form. Born into an ordinary family in Beijing in 1962, Shao was keen on traditional Chinese paintings. As a child, he spent much of his time staring at the ink masterpieces in the Palace Museum. There was an elder neighbor, who was good at Chinese painting and calligraphy. In his spare time, the kind elder talked about traditional Chinese culture to young Shao. Some years later, Shao decided to study painting after graduating from high school. After graduating from the Beijing Arts and Crafts School in 1978, Shao was sent to work at a small crafts factory. Before long, the factory went bankrupt. Shao later passed an exam and became a painter for Rongbaozhai, a famous Chinese art gallery established in 1672. This career jump allowed Shao to springboard into a lifetime of ink paintings.
“At first, I just drew everything—landscapes, figures, flowers, birds, and fish,” Shao said. “But I soon found sticking to traditional thoughts and skills of Chinese paintings would be a brake on my development as a professional painter. For this reason, I decided to innovate my own style.”
1. What do the underlined words “fill their shoes” mean in Paragraph 2
A. Calm them down.
B. Ask them for help.
C. Focus on themselves.
D. Take over their roles.
2. What does Paragraph 3 mainly introduce about Shao Ge
A. His journey to art.
B. His family background.
C. His neighbor's influence.
D. His passion for learning.
3. What will be probably talked about in the next paragraph
A. People's view on Shao's painting.
B. Shao's impact on Chinese painting.
C. The development of traditional painting.
D. Shao's successful experiment in painting.
4. In which column of a newspaper can this text probably be found
A. Fashion.　　　B. Feature.
C. Education.　　　D. Literature.
答案　
1. D　2. A　3. D　4. B
Passage 3(2023陕西安康4月监测,D)
　　How long will a leaf live It's an economic decision. The leaves of monkey puzzle trees have a lifespan of more than 20 years, while Picea trees growing in the Gongga Mountains in China can survive for millennia. In contrast, maple leaves survive for only one season, while blueberry leaves just three months. So what determines the lifespan of a tree leaf
The answer to that seemingly simple question is reported today in a paper in Science Advances by an international team of researchers from China, the UK, Japan, Norway, the USA, and Australia. “It's all about the economic choices faced by plants,” says first author, Dr. Han Wang from Tsinghua University in Beijing. “We already knew that conifers(针叶树)and other evergreen trees make longer-living leaves the closer they are to the poles,” she says. “Deciduous trees(落叶树) do the opposite. Their longest-lasting leaves are found in the tropics. And we knew that long-lived leaves tend to be tougher and thicker, and more expensive to build.” “Now, we have identified the major environmental factors at play,” she says. “These leaf economic traits are fundamental to the carbon cycle and nutrient economy.”
The team tested the results using data from thousands of species from hundreds of ecosystems. “Each species is essentially trying on the best way to maximize carbon absorption,” says co-author Professor Ian Wright from Macquarie University and Western Sydney University. “Evergreen conifers growing in poor soil in areas with a long cold winter can only thrive if they make long-term investments in their tough leaves. However, deciduous trees like the maple, race to create new leaves and capture carbon in the summer sun before leaf-drop in the autumn,” he says. “The economic decision for a maple tree is to invest in fast-growing, cheap but flimsy leaves.”
During evolution, plants have been subject to the profound changes in climate which have resulted in major changes in vegetation (植被). The human impacts on climate and vegetation are adding to the force shaping plant communities.
1. Where is this text probably taken from
A. A SciTech website.
B. A news report.
C. A geography textbook.
D. A tourist brochure.
2. What can we infer from the text
A. The blueberry grows near the poles.
B. Evergreen trees lives longer than deciduous trees.
C. The maple is slow to absorb the carbon.
D. Conifers are tougher and harder to plant.
3. Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “flimsy” in Paragraph 3
A. Weak.　　　B. Light.　　　C. Soft.　　　D. Narrow.
4. What's the best title for the text
A. The Choices Plants Make
B. The Lifespan of Leaves
C. Human Impacts on Vegetation
D. Big Changes in Climate
答案　
1. A　2. D　3. A　4. B
Passage 4(2023河南新乡一模,C)
　　America has more than enough food for everyone to eat. But each year, billions of pounds of perfectly good food go to waste. Meanwhile, 34 million people face hunger in the United States.
As the country's largest food rescue organization, Feeding America partners with food manufacturers, grocery stores, restaurants, and farmers to rescue food and deliver it to food banks serving our neighbors.
Each year, 108 billion pounds of food is wasted in the United States. That equates to 130 billion meals and more than $ 408 billion in food thrown away each year. Shockingly, nearly 40% of all food in America is wasted.
Food goes to waste at every stage of food production and distribution from farmers to packers and shippers, from manufacturers to retailers to our homes. Food waste in our homes makes up about 39% of all food waste—about 42 billion pounds of food waste, and commercial food waste makes up about 61% of all food waste or 66 billion pounds of food waste. Feeding America focuses on reducing food waste on farms and in food service, manufacturing, and retail.
Last year, the Feeding America network and our partners rescued 4.7 billion pounds of groceries. That food went directly to meals for people facing hunger. This makes Feeding America the largest food rescue organization in the country.
Food rescue, or food recovery, is the practice of collecting high-quality food that would otherwise go to waste and distributing it to people facing hunger. We work with manufacturers, retailers, and farmers to reduce food waste and get rescued food to people in need.
We identify food at risk of going to waste, offer rescued food to food banks, safely ship food over long distances and keep food fresh longer once it reaches a food bank.
1. What do we know about the food in America
A. It is barely enough.
B. It is quite abundant.
C. It is easily available.
D. It is increasingly insufficient.
2. What does the underlined phrase “equates to” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Consumes.　　　B. Multiplies.
C. Wastes.　　　D. Equals.
3. How does the author reveal the food waste in America
A. By making comparisons.
B. By listing reasons.
C. By presenting data.
D. By offering examples.
4. What does Feeding America actually do
A. It teaches people how to grow food.
B. It saves food from being wasted.
C. It urges government to take action.
D. It aims to relieve world hunger.
答案　
1. B　2. D　3. C　4. B
Passage 5(2022昆明摸底考试,C)
　　Pandas are famously picky eaters. They only consume bamboo—a poor quality diet low in fat. But the creatures appear to have evolved to get the most out of what they do eat, according to a new study.
Their gut (肠道) bacteria change in late spring and early summer when bamboo is at its most nutritious—while protein-rich green shoots are coming out. The bacteria make the panda gain more weight and store more fat, which researchers said may compensate for a lack of nutrients later in the year, when bamboo plants have only fibrous leaves to chew.
“We've known these pandas have a different set of gut microbiota during the shoot-eating season for a long time, and it's very obvious that they are chubbier during this time of the year,” said lead study author Guangping Huang, a researcher for the Institute of Zoology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
To investigate how the gut bacteria could affect a panda's digestion, the team first collected the waste of eight wild giant pandas in China's Qinling Mountains during both the leaf-eating season and the shoot-eating season and then examined how the waste samples differed. They found a bacterium called clostridium butyricum was more abundant in the pandas' guts during the season when they enjoy the fresh bamboo shoots.
To understand whether this bacterium helps the pandas gain weight, the researchers put the panda waste they collected into lab mice. Then they fed the mice for three weeks with a bamboo-based diet that simulated (模仿) what pandas eat. Researchers found the mice that were transplanted with panda waste collected during the shoot-eating season gained significantly more weight than the ones that were not, despite consuming the same amount of food.
“The gut bacteria were the only variable (变量) in this research,” Wei Fuwen, a co-author of the study, explained. However, Felix Sommer at Kiel University in Kiel, Germany, noted the number of pandas studied was small and