人教版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 2 Travelling around Reading and Thinking课件（共31张ppt）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 2 Travelling around Reading and Thinking课件（共31张ppt） |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 230.5MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-09-28 10:43:37 | ||
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Learning objectives
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
explore Peru by viewing and reading;
learn about the differences between encyclopedia and brochure;
recognise the types of two texts about Peru;
learn some new words and expressions and use them in context.
Lead-in
It’s a country with the world’s longest mountain range, largest rainforest, oldest settlements, and great ancient civilisation. It’s a country with coasts, highlands, and jungles. You can trek through hot, humid jungles one day, and cold arid glaciers the next. There are many famous attractions as follows:
Peru
Guess which country it is.
Amazon Rainforest
Machu Picchu
Peru
Peru is the fourth largest country in South America, and borders with Ecuador, Columbia, Brazil, Bolivia and Chile. Its capital is Lima. Lima is a nice place, mixed with colonial (殖民的) architecture and modern architecture.
Inca Culture
A member of the group of Quechuan peoples (克丘亚部落) of highland Peru who established an empire from northern Ecuador to central Chile before the Spanish conquest (征服). The Inca ruins of Peru are perhaps most responsible for attracting curious visitors, most of whom come to see Machu Picchu. The sun was the basis for the Inca religion.
Although the Andean civilization (安第斯文明) had no writing or wheels, many things, such as the magnificent Machu Picchu palace buildings, the ancient city of Cuzco, the Nazca Lines (纳斯卡地画), as well as the beautiful gold and silver products, all shine with the light of wisdom.
Pre-reading
Watch the video Welcome to Peru and answer the questions.
1. What did you see in the video?
I saw the Andes Mountains, the Amazon rainforest, Cusco city, Machu Picchu, and Lake Titicaca in the video. I wish I could learn more about the people of Peru.
2. What other sources of information can you find about Peru?
books (encyclopedia, travel guidebooks), Internet (travel websites), travel brochures, friends, travel agents, TV or radio programmes, posters, blogs, newspapers and magazines ...
n. 来源；出处
While-reading
Look through the two texts about Peru on the book quickly. What types of text are they: encyclopedia or brochure?
Encyclopedia
An encyclopedia entry is usually informative in nature. While it may present all the basic facts about a subject, good and bad, its tone will be neutral, impersonal and objective. Through an encyclopedia entry, you may learn all the basic facts you need to know about a country, but nothing about what it is like to experience going to a country.
百科全书
Brochure
A travel brochure is by nature highly subjective. It will present only a selection of good points about a place, making an effort to help the reader imagine what it is like to visit the country, and in an effort to persuade the reader to book a holiday.
手册
PERU is a country on the Pacific coast of South America with three main areas: narrow, dry, flat land running along the coast, the Andes Mountains, and the Amazon rainforest.
In the 1400s and 1500s, Peru was the centre of the powerful ancient Inca Empire. The Inca emperor lived in the now-famous site Machu Picchu. Spain took control of Peru in the 16th century and ruled until 1821. It is for this reason that Spanish is the main official language of Peru.
Recognise text type
Before you read, look through the text quickly for titles, headers, pictures, charts, and any other information that might tell you what type of text it is.
encyclopedia
Read the first text and identify the type.
adj. 狭窄的 vi. & vt. （使）变窄
adj. 平坦的；扁平的 n. 公寓；单元房
adj. 强有力的；有权势的；有影响力的
n. 帝国
n. 皇帝
n. 地点；位置；现场
控制；接管
adj. 官方的；正式的；公务的 n. 官员；要员
vt. 辨别出；承认；认可
{00A15C55-8517-42AA-B614-E9B94910E393}Location
Geographic characteristic
(3 main areas)
1.
2.
3.
History
in the 1400s and 1500s
from the 1500s to 1821
Language
On the Pacific coast of South America
Narrow, dry, flat land running along the coast
The Andes Mountains
The Amazon rainforest
The centre of the ancient Inca Empire
Spain took control of Peru
Spanish
Finish the table below about Peru according to the first text.
Read the second text and identify the type.
TRAVEL PERU
So come and experience what Peru has to offer: everything from the ancient Inca culture and centuries-old Spanish villages to deep rainforests, high mountains, and a beautiful coastline.
For more brochures about other package tours around Peru, contact us at tourinfo@travelperu.org.
brochure
n. 包裹；包装盒 vt. 将……包装好
vt. 联络；联系 n. 联系；接触
Match the following tours with their special features.
1. Amazon Rainforest Tour
2. Machu Picchu Tour
3.?Cusco?Tour
4.?Lake Titicaca?Tour
A. Countryside sights
B. Unique Spanish and local Indian
culture
C. The ancient city with Incas’ dry stone
buildings
D. Unique plants and animals
adj. 唯一的；独特的；特有的
{00A15C55-8517-42AA-B614-E9B94910E393}Place
Amazon Rainforest
Machu Picchu
Cusco
Lake Titicaca
Number of days
4 days
Transport
Accommodation
local home
Activity
boating, hiking, exploring nature
4 days
4 days
4 days
flight, boat
walking
car, boat
in the middle of the
forest
local hotel
walking in the
Mountains, exploring the ancient city
visiting the museums,
admiring the architecture, enjoying the local food, and shopping at the local markets
enjoying the beautiful
countryside,
staying with local family
Fill in the table below according to the second text.
n. 住处；停留处；膳宿
vi. 徒步旅行 vt. 去……远足 n. 远足；徒步旅行
Post-reading
Cusco is a popular d________ for tourists, because of its u_______ place in the history of South America. Cusco was the capital city of the Inca E__________ which was the most powerful in South America until the 1500s. There are two especially interesting things to a__________ about the Inca civilisation. The first is the roads and p_______ they built to connect their important cities. These Inca roads were made up of two north-south highways and many small roads crossing the mountains east to west. The roads were for Inca soldiers and their o________. Second, the Incas built wonderful cities full of amazing architecture — but there were no markets in these cities. One of the interesting questions of history is how the Incas lived without shopping!
estination
nique
mpire
dmire
aths
fficials
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the new words from the two texts.
n. 文明；文明世界
n. 士兵；军人
Recognise text type (P26) 识别文本类型
recognise [NAmE -ize] /?rek?ɡna?z/ vt. 辨别出；承认；认可
搭配
recognise sb/sth by ... 通过……认出某人/某物
recognise ... as/to be ... 承认/认为……是……
be recognised as 被认为是……，被公认是……
It is recognised that ... 人们意识到……
例句
I recognised her by her red hair. 我从她的红头发认出了她。
Arthur Miller is recognised as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century.
阿瑟·米勒被认为是20世纪最伟大的剧作家之一。
拓展 recognition n. 认识，认出；承认 recognisable adj. 容易认出的，易于识别的
Language points
1
... narrow, dry, flat land running along the coast ... (P26)
……狭长、干燥、平坦的沿海地区……
narrow /?n?r??/ adj. 狭窄的 vi. & vt. （使）变窄
搭配
a narrow escape 死里逃生
例句
He had a narrow escape when a large stone rolled down from the hill suddenly.
一块大石头突然从山上滚下来，他险些被砸到。
The bridge is too narrow for the cars to pass. 这座桥太窄了，汽车无法通过。
New tax laws will narrow the gap between the rich and the poor.
新税法将会缩小贫富差距。
拓展 narrowly adv. 勉强地，以毫厘之差；狭隘地
2
Spain took control of Peru in the 16th century and ruled until 1821. (P26)
西班牙于16世纪开始掌控秘鲁，并一直统治到1821年。
take control of 控制；接管
例句
Surely she would take control of the situation; after all, she was a professional.
她肯定会控制住局面，毕竟她是个行家。
There must be someone who can take control of these naughty children.
一定有人能管住这些淘气的孩子。
拓展
in control of 控制……（主语是人） in the control of 控制……（主语是物）
lose control of 失去对……的控制 be under control 被控制住，处于控制之下
3
From there, you’ll spend one day travelling by boat to your accommodation in the middle of the forest. (P26)
您将从那儿乘一天的船前往雨林深处的住宿地。
accommodation /??k?m??de??n/ n. 住处；停留处；膳宿
拓展
accommodate v. 为……提供住宿；容纳，提供空间
例句
Accommodation is cheaper if you pre-book it.
预订住宿要便宜些。
The school was not big enough to accommodate all the students.
学校没有足够的地方容纳所有的学生。
4
Stay in a local hotel, visit the museums, admire the architecture, enjoy the excellent
local food, and go shopping at the local markets. (P27)
您将入住当地酒店、参观博物馆、观赏建筑物、享受当地的美味佳肴，并在当
地集市购物（休闲）。
admire /?d?ma??(r)/ vt. 钦佩；赞赏
搭配
admire sb for (doing) sth 钦佩/赞赏某人（做）某事
例句
I admire her for her way of solving problems. 我很欣赏她解决问题的方式。
拓展
admirer n. 赞赏者；爱慕者，追求者 admirable adj. 令人羡慕的，值得赞赏的
admirably adv. 令人赞赏地 admiration n. 钦佩，赞赏
5
For more brochures about other package tours around Peru, contact us at
tourinfo@travelperu.org. (P27)
如需更多关于秘鲁其他旅游套餐的宣传册，请发电子邮件至tourinfo@travelperu.
org与我们联系。
contact /?k?nt?kt/ vt. 联络；联系 n. 联系；接触
搭配
make contact with sb/get into contact with sb 与某人取得联系
keep in contact with sb 与某人保持联系 lose contact with sb 与某人失去联系
be in contact with sb 与某人有联系
例句
I have managed to make contact with an old friend. 我设法与一位老朋友取得了联系。
Have you been in contact with your sister recently? 你近来跟你姐姐有联系吗？
6
These Inca roads were made up of two north-south highways and many small roads
crossing the mountains east to west. (P27)
这些印加公路由两条南北走向的高速公路和许多从东到西穿过山脉的小路组成。
be made up of 由……构成/组成
例句
The committee is made up of representatives from every state.
该委员会由来自每个州的代表组成。
The medical team is made up of three doctors and seven nurses now.
这支医疗队现在由三名医生和七名护士组成。
拓展
make up 构成；化妆；编造
make up for 弥补，补偿
7
Transport (P27) 交通工具
transport /?tr?nsp??t/ n. (especially BrE) (NAmE usually transportation)
交通运输系统
/tr?n?sp??t/ vt. 运输；运送
拓展
air/road transportation 空运/公路运输
transport ... (from...) to ... 把……（从……）运到……
例句
These goods were transported by rail and water. 这些货物是由铁路和水路运输的。
As the idea of lower-carbon life is now widely accepted, more and more people travel by public transport.
现在，随着低碳生活的理念被广泛地接受，越来越多的人乘坐公共交通工具出行。
8
It is for this reason that Spanish is the main official language of Peru. (P26)
正因为如此，西班牙语是秘鲁主要官方语言。
*强调句型
句式剖析
本句是强调句型，强调的是原因状语for this reason。
考点提炼
强调句型的基本结构是“It+is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他”。该句型可对句子的主语、宾语、状语等进行强调，但不能强调谓语。学习强调句型时需要注意以下几点：
(1) 强调句型中的It本身没有词义，但不能用其他词代替。
(2) 被强调部分指人时用that/who均可，其他情况一律用that。
It was John that/who I met in the library this morning.
今天上午我在图书馆里遇到的人是约翰。
It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.
正是当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次遇到我的新邻居。
1
Sentence Patterns
(3) 被强调部分无论是单数还是复数，It后的be动词均用单数形式，即is或was。用is还是was要根据原句的时态而定。属于现在或将来时间范畴的时态，用is；属于过去时间范畴的时态，用was。
It is Jack who loves football most. 最喜爱足球的人是杰克。
It was Alice and her friend who sent the old man to the hospital.
是艾丽斯和她的朋友把那位老人送到了医院。
(4) 被强调部分如果是原句的主语，who/that之后的谓语动词在人称和数上应与原句的主语保持一致。
It is you that/who are too careless. 是你太粗心了。
(5) 强调主语或宾语且主语或宾语为人称代词时，应注意主语或宾语的形式仍用主格或宾格形式。
It was he that/who helped me yesterday. 昨天是他帮助了我。
It was me that/who he helped yesterday. 昨天他帮助的人是我。
归纳拓展
(1) 判断句子是否是强调句的方法：去掉It is/was与that/who后，剩余部分若结构完整、句意明确，则为强调句，否则不是。
It was because of the bad weather that the football match had to be put off.
正是因为坏天气，足球比赛不得不推迟。
（这里把It was和that去掉后，句子为“because of the bad weather the football match
had to be put off”，句意完整，符合语法结构，故是强调句型。）
(2) 强调句型的特殊形式：
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}一般疑问句形式
Is/Was it+强调部分+that/who+其他?
Was it you that/who I saw last night at the concert?
特殊疑问句形式
特殊疑问词+is/was+it that +其他?
Who was it that told Jim the news?
not until强调句式
It is/was not until...+that+其他.
Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognised.
Especially amazing is the Incas’ dry stone method of building. (P26)
尤其令人称奇的是印加人的干式石头搭砌的建造方法。
*表语提前引起的全部倒装
句式剖析
本句中amazing是表语，is为系动词，the Incas’ dry stone method of building为主语。
考点提炼
(1) 为保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，或为了强调表语，句子可用全部倒装结构，即可把作表语的形容词、副词、分词或介词短语提到句首，并把句子的主语和谓语倒装。
Present at the meeting were the school headmaster, the English teacher, and the students’ parents.
出席会议的有校长、英语老师和学生们的家长。
Here is a seat for you, Kevin. 凯文，这儿有你的座位。
On both sides of the road are beautiful flowers. 路的两边是美丽的鲜花。
(2) 在表语提前的倒装句中，要注意主谓一致，即谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致，与表语无关。
2
【即学即练：语法填空】
Lewis was much admired ___________ his work on the medical research.
He was admitted (录取) into a key university, which is ____________ (admire).
It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house _____________ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
Was it because Jack came late for school __________ Mr. Smith got angry?
【即学即练：完成句子】
那个司机的车失去了控制，撞到了一棵大树上。
The driver __________________ his car and it knocked into a big tree.
大家承认简是我们当中最聪明的女孩。
__________________ Jane is the most intelligent girl among us.
Please do not hesitate to _________________ (与我联系) if you have any problems.
In some languages, 100 words ______________ (组成) half of all the words used in daily conversation.
for
admirable
that
that
lost control of
contact me
make up
It is recognised that
Recommend a tour for your partner, then share it with your classmates.
Practise the words and expressions learned in this class.
Homework
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
explore Peru by viewing and reading;
learn about the differences between encyclopedia and brochure;
recognise the types of two texts about Peru;
learn some new words and expressions and use them in context.
Lead-in
It’s a country with the world’s longest mountain range, largest rainforest, oldest settlements, and great ancient civilisation. It’s a country with coasts, highlands, and jungles. You can trek through hot, humid jungles one day, and cold arid glaciers the next. There are many famous attractions as follows:
Peru
Guess which country it is.
Amazon Rainforest
Machu Picchu
Peru
Peru is the fourth largest country in South America, and borders with Ecuador, Columbia, Brazil, Bolivia and Chile. Its capital is Lima. Lima is a nice place, mixed with colonial (殖民的) architecture and modern architecture.
Inca Culture
A member of the group of Quechuan peoples (克丘亚部落) of highland Peru who established an empire from northern Ecuador to central Chile before the Spanish conquest (征服). The Inca ruins of Peru are perhaps most responsible for attracting curious visitors, most of whom come to see Machu Picchu. The sun was the basis for the Inca religion.
Although the Andean civilization (安第斯文明) had no writing or wheels, many things, such as the magnificent Machu Picchu palace buildings, the ancient city of Cuzco, the Nazca Lines (纳斯卡地画), as well as the beautiful gold and silver products, all shine with the light of wisdom.
Pre-reading
Watch the video Welcome to Peru and answer the questions.
1. What did you see in the video?
I saw the Andes Mountains, the Amazon rainforest, Cusco city, Machu Picchu, and Lake Titicaca in the video. I wish I could learn more about the people of Peru.
2. What other sources of information can you find about Peru?
books (encyclopedia, travel guidebooks), Internet (travel websites), travel brochures, friends, travel agents, TV or radio programmes, posters, blogs, newspapers and magazines ...
n. 来源；出处
While-reading
Look through the two texts about Peru on the book quickly. What types of text are they: encyclopedia or brochure?
Encyclopedia
An encyclopedia entry is usually informative in nature. While it may present all the basic facts about a subject, good and bad, its tone will be neutral, impersonal and objective. Through an encyclopedia entry, you may learn all the basic facts you need to know about a country, but nothing about what it is like to experience going to a country.
百科全书
Brochure
A travel brochure is by nature highly subjective. It will present only a selection of good points about a place, making an effort to help the reader imagine what it is like to visit the country, and in an effort to persuade the reader to book a holiday.
手册
PERU is a country on the Pacific coast of South America with three main areas: narrow, dry, flat land running along the coast, the Andes Mountains, and the Amazon rainforest.
In the 1400s and 1500s, Peru was the centre of the powerful ancient Inca Empire. The Inca emperor lived in the now-famous site Machu Picchu. Spain took control of Peru in the 16th century and ruled until 1821. It is for this reason that Spanish is the main official language of Peru.
Recognise text type
Before you read, look through the text quickly for titles, headers, pictures, charts, and any other information that might tell you what type of text it is.
encyclopedia
Read the first text and identify the type.
adj. 狭窄的 vi. & vt. （使）变窄
adj. 平坦的；扁平的 n. 公寓；单元房
adj. 强有力的；有权势的；有影响力的
n. 帝国
n. 皇帝
n. 地点；位置；现场
控制；接管
adj. 官方的；正式的；公务的 n. 官员；要员
vt. 辨别出；承认；认可
{00A15C55-8517-42AA-B614-E9B94910E393}Location
Geographic characteristic
(3 main areas)
1.
2.
3.
History
in the 1400s and 1500s
from the 1500s to 1821
Language
On the Pacific coast of South America
Narrow, dry, flat land running along the coast
The Andes Mountains
The Amazon rainforest
The centre of the ancient Inca Empire
Spain took control of Peru
Spanish
Finish the table below about Peru according to the first text.
Read the second text and identify the type.
TRAVEL PERU
So come and experience what Peru has to offer: everything from the ancient Inca culture and centuries-old Spanish villages to deep rainforests, high mountains, and a beautiful coastline.
For more brochures about other package tours around Peru, contact us at tourinfo@travelperu.org.
brochure
n. 包裹；包装盒 vt. 将……包装好
vt. 联络；联系 n. 联系；接触
Match the following tours with their special features.
1. Amazon Rainforest Tour
2. Machu Picchu Tour
3.?Cusco?Tour
4.?Lake Titicaca?Tour
A. Countryside sights
B. Unique Spanish and local Indian
culture
C. The ancient city with Incas’ dry stone
buildings
D. Unique plants and animals
adj. 唯一的；独特的；特有的
{00A15C55-8517-42AA-B614-E9B94910E393}Place
Amazon Rainforest
Machu Picchu
Cusco
Lake Titicaca
Number of days
4 days
Transport
Accommodation
local home
Activity
boating, hiking, exploring nature
4 days
4 days
4 days
flight, boat
walking
car, boat
in the middle of the
forest
local hotel
walking in the
Mountains, exploring the ancient city
visiting the museums,
admiring the architecture, enjoying the local food, and shopping at the local markets
enjoying the beautiful
countryside,
staying with local family
Fill in the table below according to the second text.
n. 住处；停留处；膳宿
vi. 徒步旅行 vt. 去……远足 n. 远足；徒步旅行
Post-reading
Cusco is a popular d________ for tourists, because of its u_______ place in the history of South America. Cusco was the capital city of the Inca E__________ which was the most powerful in South America until the 1500s. There are two especially interesting things to a__________ about the Inca civilisation. The first is the roads and p_______ they built to connect their important cities. These Inca roads were made up of two north-south highways and many small roads crossing the mountains east to west. The roads were for Inca soldiers and their o________. Second, the Incas built wonderful cities full of amazing architecture — but there were no markets in these cities. One of the interesting questions of history is how the Incas lived without shopping!
estination
nique
mpire
dmire
aths
fficials
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the new words from the two texts.
n. 文明；文明世界
n. 士兵；军人
Recognise text type (P26) 识别文本类型
recognise [NAmE -ize] /?rek?ɡna?z/ vt. 辨别出；承认；认可
搭配
recognise sb/sth by ... 通过……认出某人/某物
recognise ... as/to be ... 承认/认为……是……
be recognised as 被认为是……，被公认是……
It is recognised that ... 人们意识到……
例句
I recognised her by her red hair. 我从她的红头发认出了她。
Arthur Miller is recognised as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century.
阿瑟·米勒被认为是20世纪最伟大的剧作家之一。
拓展 recognition n. 认识，认出；承认 recognisable adj. 容易认出的，易于识别的
Language points
1
... narrow, dry, flat land running along the coast ... (P26)
……狭长、干燥、平坦的沿海地区……
narrow /?n?r??/ adj. 狭窄的 vi. & vt. （使）变窄
搭配
a narrow escape 死里逃生
例句
He had a narrow escape when a large stone rolled down from the hill suddenly.
一块大石头突然从山上滚下来，他险些被砸到。
The bridge is too narrow for the cars to pass. 这座桥太窄了，汽车无法通过。
New tax laws will narrow the gap between the rich and the poor.
新税法将会缩小贫富差距。
拓展 narrowly adv. 勉强地，以毫厘之差；狭隘地
2
Spain took control of Peru in the 16th century and ruled until 1821. (P26)
西班牙于16世纪开始掌控秘鲁，并一直统治到1821年。
take control of 控制；接管
例句
Surely she would take control of the situation; after all, she was a professional.
她肯定会控制住局面，毕竟她是个行家。
There must be someone who can take control of these naughty children.
一定有人能管住这些淘气的孩子。
拓展
in control of 控制……（主语是人） in the control of 控制……（主语是物）
lose control of 失去对……的控制 be under control 被控制住，处于控制之下
3
From there, you’ll spend one day travelling by boat to your accommodation in the middle of the forest. (P26)
您将从那儿乘一天的船前往雨林深处的住宿地。
accommodation /??k?m??de??n/ n. 住处；停留处；膳宿
拓展
accommodate v. 为……提供住宿；容纳，提供空间
例句
Accommodation is cheaper if you pre-book it.
预订住宿要便宜些。
The school was not big enough to accommodate all the students.
学校没有足够的地方容纳所有的学生。
4
Stay in a local hotel, visit the museums, admire the architecture, enjoy the excellent
local food, and go shopping at the local markets. (P27)
您将入住当地酒店、参观博物馆、观赏建筑物、享受当地的美味佳肴，并在当
地集市购物（休闲）。
admire /?d?ma??(r)/ vt. 钦佩；赞赏
搭配
admire sb for (doing) sth 钦佩/赞赏某人（做）某事
例句
I admire her for her way of solving problems. 我很欣赏她解决问题的方式。
拓展
admirer n. 赞赏者；爱慕者，追求者 admirable adj. 令人羡慕的，值得赞赏的
admirably adv. 令人赞赏地 admiration n. 钦佩，赞赏
5
For more brochures about other package tours around Peru, contact us at
tourinfo@travelperu.org. (P27)
如需更多关于秘鲁其他旅游套餐的宣传册，请发电子邮件至tourinfo@travelperu.
org与我们联系。
contact /?k?nt?kt/ vt. 联络；联系 n. 联系；接触
搭配
make contact with sb/get into contact with sb 与某人取得联系
keep in contact with sb 与某人保持联系 lose contact with sb 与某人失去联系
be in contact with sb 与某人有联系
例句
I have managed to make contact with an old friend. 我设法与一位老朋友取得了联系。
Have you been in contact with your sister recently? 你近来跟你姐姐有联系吗？
6
These Inca roads were made up of two north-south highways and many small roads
crossing the mountains east to west. (P27)
这些印加公路由两条南北走向的高速公路和许多从东到西穿过山脉的小路组成。
be made up of 由……构成/组成
例句
The committee is made up of representatives from every state.
该委员会由来自每个州的代表组成。
The medical team is made up of three doctors and seven nurses now.
这支医疗队现在由三名医生和七名护士组成。
拓展
make up 构成；化妆；编造
make up for 弥补，补偿
7
Transport (P27) 交通工具
transport /?tr?nsp??t/ n. (especially BrE) (NAmE usually transportation)
交通运输系统
/tr?n?sp??t/ vt. 运输；运送
拓展
air/road transportation 空运/公路运输
transport ... (from...) to ... 把……（从……）运到……
例句
These goods were transported by rail and water. 这些货物是由铁路和水路运输的。
As the idea of lower-carbon life is now widely accepted, more and more people travel by public transport.
现在，随着低碳生活的理念被广泛地接受，越来越多的人乘坐公共交通工具出行。
8
It is for this reason that Spanish is the main official language of Peru. (P26)
正因为如此，西班牙语是秘鲁主要官方语言。
*强调句型
句式剖析
本句是强调句型，强调的是原因状语for this reason。
考点提炼
强调句型的基本结构是“It+is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他”。该句型可对句子的主语、宾语、状语等进行强调，但不能强调谓语。学习强调句型时需要注意以下几点：
(1) 强调句型中的It本身没有词义，但不能用其他词代替。
(2) 被强调部分指人时用that/who均可，其他情况一律用that。
It was John that/who I met in the library this morning.
今天上午我在图书馆里遇到的人是约翰。
It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.
正是当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次遇到我的新邻居。
1
Sentence Patterns
(3) 被强调部分无论是单数还是复数，It后的be动词均用单数形式，即is或was。用is还是was要根据原句的时态而定。属于现在或将来时间范畴的时态，用is；属于过去时间范畴的时态，用was。
It is Jack who loves football most. 最喜爱足球的人是杰克。
It was Alice and her friend who sent the old man to the hospital.
是艾丽斯和她的朋友把那位老人送到了医院。
(4) 被强调部分如果是原句的主语，who/that之后的谓语动词在人称和数上应与原句的主语保持一致。
It is you that/who are too careless. 是你太粗心了。
(5) 强调主语或宾语且主语或宾语为人称代词时，应注意主语或宾语的形式仍用主格或宾格形式。
It was he that/who helped me yesterday. 昨天是他帮助了我。
It was me that/who he helped yesterday. 昨天他帮助的人是我。
归纳拓展
(1) 判断句子是否是强调句的方法：去掉It is/was与that/who后，剩余部分若结构完整、句意明确，则为强调句，否则不是。
It was because of the bad weather that the football match had to be put off.
正是因为坏天气，足球比赛不得不推迟。
（这里把It was和that去掉后，句子为“because of the bad weather the football match
had to be put off”，句意完整，符合语法结构，故是强调句型。）
(2) 强调句型的特殊形式：
{5C22544A-7EE6-4342-B048-85BDC9FD1C3A}一般疑问句形式
Is/Was it+强调部分+that/who+其他?
Was it you that/who I saw last night at the concert?
特殊疑问句形式
特殊疑问词+is/was+it that +其他?
Who was it that told Jim the news?
not until强调句式
It is/was not until...+that+其他.
Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognised.
Especially amazing is the Incas’ dry stone method of building. (P26)
尤其令人称奇的是印加人的干式石头搭砌的建造方法。
*表语提前引起的全部倒装
句式剖析
本句中amazing是表语，is为系动词，the Incas’ dry stone method of building为主语。
考点提炼
(1) 为保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，或为了强调表语，句子可用全部倒装结构，即可把作表语的形容词、副词、分词或介词短语提到句首，并把句子的主语和谓语倒装。
Present at the meeting were the school headmaster, the English teacher, and the students’ parents.
出席会议的有校长、英语老师和学生们的家长。
Here is a seat for you, Kevin. 凯文，这儿有你的座位。
On both sides of the road are beautiful flowers. 路的两边是美丽的鲜花。
(2) 在表语提前的倒装句中，要注意主谓一致，即谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致，与表语无关。
2
【即学即练：语法填空】
Lewis was much admired ___________ his work on the medical research.
He was admitted (录取) into a key university, which is ____________ (admire).
It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house _____________ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
Was it because Jack came late for school __________ Mr. Smith got angry?
【即学即练：完成句子】
那个司机的车失去了控制，撞到了一棵大树上。
The driver __________________ his car and it knocked into a big tree.
大家承认简是我们当中最聪明的女孩。
__________________ Jane is the most intelligent girl among us.
Please do not hesitate to _________________ (与我联系) if you have any problems.
In some languages, 100 words ______________ (组成) half of all the words used in daily conversation.
for
admirable
that
that
lost control of
contact me
make up
It is recognised that
Recommend a tour for your partner, then share it with your classmates.
Practise the words and expressions learned in this class.
Homework