湖北省谷城县第二中学高一英语语法课件 主谓一致（共51张PPT）

课件51张PPT。 由and和both…and…连接两个名词或代词作主语时，一般情况下谓语动词用复数形式。但是如果and所连接的两个名词指同一人物、同一事物、同一概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：Both bread and butter were sold out in that grocery. 面包和黄油。 Zhang Hua and Li Ming are good students. (指不同的人) 张华和李明是好学生。 The writer and poet has come. (指同一个人) 那位作家兼诗人来了 Husband and wife forms a family. 夫妻 注意:当两个主语为不可分的东西时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：A watch and chain was found on the desk. 桌子上发现了有表链的表。Bread and butter is nutritious. 奶油面包有营养。War and peace is a constant theme in history . 战争与和平是历史上一个永恒的主题。


2. 由 every…and every…, each…and each…, many a…and many a …, no ...and no…等构成复合主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:Each man and each woman is invited. 每个男人和女人都邀请了。No boy and no girl is there now. 现在那里没有一个男孩和女孩。Many a boy and many a girl has been invited. 很多男孩和女孩都被邀请了。In China every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.在中国每个男孩和女孩都有接受教育的权利。3. 由or, not only... but also..., not…but…, either...or, neither...nor，whether……or……连接主语时,谓语与靠近的主语一致，即就近一致的原则。例如： He or his brothers were to blame . 应该怪他或他的弟兄们。 Either you or I am mad. 要么是你要么是我疯了。 Neither you nor he is right. 你和它都不对。 Not only the teacher but also his family were friendly to me. 不仅老师，而且他的家人都对我很友好。4. 当主语后跟有with, along with, together with, besides, except, like, including, in addition to, as well as, rather than等词时,谓语动词根据前面的主语变化。例如： All but one were here just now. 除了一个，刚才其他所有的（人）都在这里。 A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation. 有着五千本书的一个图书馆提供给了国家。 She as well as the other teachers is going to Nanjing.她和其他老师都要去南京。 A farmer together with some workers is about to help us.一个农民和几个工人即将来帮助我们。5. 某些词结尾字母为s, 但并不是复数形式,如: physics, maths , economics (经济学), politics, news…作主语时用单数形式。means, works(著作)单复同形。例如： Physics is very important. 物理是很重要的。 All means have been tried. 所有的方法都已经试过了。 Every possible means has been used to prevent air pollution ,but the sky is still not clear . 6. 当一些由两部分构成的表示衣物或工具的名称作主语时, 谓语用复数形式, 如: trousers , shorts, shoes, glasses, goods, clothes, chopsticks, scissors. 如果这些词由 a pair, piece, kind , type ,box + of 修饰,则用单数形式.例如： My trousers are white and his clothes are black. 我的裤子是白色的，他的衣服是黑色的。 A pair of shoes is lying here. 一双鞋放在那里。 These kinds of glasses are popular. (kinds为复数时，谓语动词用复数) 这几种眼镜很流行。7.单复数同形的名词，如sheep, deer 等做主语时，应根据主语的单复数意义确定谓语动词的形式。例如： A deer is over there . 那儿有一只鹿。 Some deer are over there . 那儿有几只鹿。8.population做主语时，通常看作单数，若population前有分数、百分数修饰时，则句子谓语通常用复数。例如： The population in China is very large and 80% of the population live in rural areas . 中国人口很多，其中80%的人住在农村。 9. 复数名词, 如: people, police, public ,crew ,cattle作主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式。例如： The police like to help people.警察乐于助人。 People are talking about the news .人们都在谈论那则新闻 . The cattle are grazing in the fields . 牛在地里吃草。10. 集体名词, 如:family ,crowd ,class ,team ,audience ,committee ,club, group ,enemy , population, government等, 如把它们当作整体看, 谓语动词用单数; 如把它们当作若干个体来看, 谓语动词用复数。例如： Our family is very happy. 我们的家庭很幸福。 My family are all football fans. 我的家人都是足球迷。 11.表示某一国人或某一民族、种族的人的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如： The Chinese were a highly civilized people long before the Europeans .中国人早于欧洲人很久以前就是一个高度文明的民族。12. 表示距离, 时间, 长度,价值, 金额, 重量等的词, 用复数形式时, 谓语动词一般用单数。例如： Two thousand dollars is a large sum. 两千美圆是一大笔钱。 Two hours is enough. 两个小时就足够了。 ○但是算式中表示数字的主语一般视为单数,谓语动词多用单数形式..例如: Five times six makes (make ) thirty . 5乘6等于30. Five plus /and five is / are ten . 5加5等于10 . Ten minus six leaves four . 10 减 6 等于 4 . Twenty-five divided by five equals five . 25除以5等于5 .13.“ more than one/many a+名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数; “more than two, three ...+名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如： More than one boy has been there . 不止一个孩子去过那里。 Many a student is going to be a lawyer in the future . 将来不止一个学生要当律师。 More than two boys have been there . 不止两个孩子去过那里。14. the + 形容词，表示一类人 ，谓语动词用复数；若the + 形容词，表示一类物 ，谓语动词用单数。例如： The rich are for the decision but the poor are against it. 有钱人支持这个决定，但是穷人反对它。 The green is hers. 这件绿色的东西是她的。 The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的. The best is yet to come . 最好的事情是会到来的.15. 关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应该与句中先行词的数一致。例如： I , who am only a common worker , will retire in two years.只是个普通工人的我两年后就要退休了。但是one of +复数名词+从句，从句的谓语动词应用复数，而the ( only/very ) one of +复数名词+从句，从句的谓语动词应用单数。例如： This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked .这是所问到的最有趣的问题之一。 Sarah is the only one of the girls who plays in the band . He’s the only one of the boys who was praised . He’s one of the boys who were praised.16. 以what，who ,which 等作主语时，谓语动词视具体情况而定。例如： Who is a doctor ? What is on the table ? Who are league members ? What are on the table ? (what表复数概念，故用复数动词) Which is my seat ? Which are our seats ?17.由what引导的主语从句,谓语动词一般用单数形式,但若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式,则谓语动词用复数. 例如: What you said is quite to the point . 你说到点子上去了. What we need are qualified teachers .我们需要的是合格的教师. WhatＩsay and think are no business of his .(=What I say and what I think 为具有复数意义的并列结构) 我所说的和想的不管他的事. What I miss badly are those happy hours I spent together with them . 比较: What she says and does do not agree . (“说”和“做”是两件事) What she says and does does not matter much . (“说”和 “做”为一件事, 总指其行为) 注意:由and 连接两个what 从句作主语时,谓语动词要用复数.例如: What he said and what he did were different . 他言行不一致 .18.whoever,whatever 和whichever作主语引导名词性从句,只能作单数,从句的谓语自然也采用单数形式 .例如: Whatever is left is taken away . 凡是剩下的都被拿走了. Whichever of us fulfills his task first is asked to lend a helping hand to others . 我们之中无论谁先完成自己的任务,都被要求去帮助别人.19. which of+名词/代词(必须是复数)作主语时,谓语动词的形式要根据which 短语表示的意义而定.例如: Which of you has got a computer ?你们中的哪一位有电脑 ? Which of the boys is /are Young Pioneers ? 哪一个/ 哪几个男孩是少先队员 ? 但是“which of the two+名词复数”结构作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如： Which of those / the two boys is more diligent ? 那些 / 那两个孩子中哪一个更勤奋?20.that 引导的名词性从句作主语时(that不可省去),主句谓语动词用单数.例如： That she is still alive is a consolation .她还活着,这是一种安慰.21. when ,where how ,why 等引导的从句也可以作主语,这时谓语动词一般采用单数形式.例如: When and where this took place is still unknown. 这事在何时何地发生至今还不清楚. Why he shot her isn’t important . 他为什么开枪打他并不重要.22.在it引导的强调句中，who 或 that 后的谓语动词在人称和数上应与前面被强调的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。例如： It’s I who am to blame . 该怪罪的是我。 It is you who are to blame . 该怪罪的是你。It is the people who / that are really powerful . 真正强大是人民。23. as作关系代词时，常和such / the same /as /so 连用，as的数可为单数，也可为复数，应与先行词保持一致。as 引导的从句的谓语动词的数应与主句中的先行词保持一致。例如： Don't trust such men / a man as praise /praises you to your face .不要相信当面奉承你的人。 There are so many tools as are needed . 凡是需要的工具都有了。24. as 单独用作关系代词时，通常说明整个句子（用主句作先行词），作主语的as一般用作单数，谓语动词采用单数形式，此时as 可以用which代替。例如： He came very early this morning , as was usual . 他像往常一样，今天早晨照例来得很早。 As（不能用which） was expected , he performed the task with success. 正如众人所望，他成功地完成了任务。25.由There ,Here引起的句子，主语又不止一个，其谓语动词通常和邻近的那个词保持一致。例如： There is a knife and some apples here . Here are some envelopes and paper .26.在倒装句中，与后面的主语一致。例如： South of the city is a large stadium . In front of the girl are some flowers . On the wall hang two large portraits. 在墙上，挂着两幅巨大的肖像。27.“分数或百分数+ of +名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于其中的名词. 例如：Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. 四分之三的地球表面是海洋。 Two-thirds of the youth support the plan. 三分之二的年轻人支持这个计划。 Tens of tons of waste goes into the air with the smoke every day. 每天得有数十吨的废物随着烟雾排放到空中。28. “a/an +单数名词 +and half ” 或 “a + 单数名词+ or two ”作主语时, 谓语动词常用单数;“one and a half +复数名词 ”或 “one or two +复数名词”做主语时, 谓语动词常用复数。例如: A year and a half has passed . 已过了一年半了. One and a half tons of rice are sold . 一吨半的大米被卖完了. One or two days are enough for this work . 干这活一两天就够了 。 A day or two is enough for this work. 干这活一两天就够了 。29. 代词 none和 neither 做主语时，有时作单数看待，有时作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思来决定。但是代表不可数名词时，只作单数。neither 作形容词时与单数名词连用，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： None of them has / have arrived yet . 他们一个人也没有到。 None of this money is mine. 这钱没有一点是我的 。 Neither of the students know / knows the answer. 这两个学生都不知道答案。 Neither statement was true . 这两个陈述都不真实。30. a number of +复数名词的中心词是短语中的名词，故谓语动词用复数形式；而“the number of +名词”的中心词是number，故谓语动词用单数形式。例如： A number of students were absent yesterday. 许多学生昨天缺席。 The number of pages in this book is nine hundred . 本书的页数是900 。31. 由every, any, some, no构成的复合词everyone , everybody, everything，anyone, anybody, anything ，someone, somebody, something，no one , nobody, nothing以及 each , every ,either , little, much等 +名词 或代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 例如： Much has been done to solve the traffic problem. 已经为解决交通问题做了许多工作。 When he came back ,nothing was the same as before . 他回来时，一切都和以前不一样了。 Everyone in the class was surprised at the news. Listen ,someone is knocking at the door.32．“all (of ),half (of ),some (of )以及the rest（of），most (of ), the remainder , plenty of，a part of ,a lot of，lots of 等+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所修饰的名词。例如：Half of the food has been sent to that area. 一半的食物背送往那个地方。 Half of the students have seen the film. 一半的学生看过这个电影。Most of his spare time was spent in reading. 这食物中有一半不能吃。 Most of the houses in this town are new . 这座城市的大多数房子是新的。 The rest of the money was locked in the safe . 剩余的钱锁在保险箱的。 The rest of the peasants were still poor . 其余的农民还很穷。33.“this kind of + 复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用单数；“ 复数名词 + of this kind ”做主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如： This kind of apples is imported from America. 这种苹果是从美国进口的。 Plants of this kind are growing in tropical areas .这种植物生长在热带地区。34. the majority of + 复数名词，表示“大多数……”,谓语动词用复数；“the majority of + 集体名词”, 谓语动词用单数或复数均可.例如: The majority of doctors believe that smoking is harmful to health. 大多数医生都认为吸烟有害健康. The majority of the population in the country lives / live in cities . 这个国家的大部分人口都住在城市里. The majority of the committee has / have arrived . 委员会的大部分成员都到达了. 但是the majority 单独做主语时, 谓语动词用单复数皆可.例如: The majority is / are in favor of the plan. 大多数人赞成这项计划. The majority is / are doing its / their best . 大多数人都尽全力 .35. a good (great ,large ,small) amount of + 不可数名词, 谓语动词用单数；large / small amounts of +不可数名词, 谓语动词用复数；the amount of+不可数名词, 谓语动词用单数。例如: Only a small amount of water was left .Large amounts of money were spent on the project . (不用was ) The amount of work astonishes her.36．a quantity of, ( large) quantities of 修饰名词作主语时，其谓语动词应根据quantity的单复数形式而定。例如：A quantity of baskets was on sale . 有一批篮子待售.Quantities of food were on the table. 桌上有大量的食物.Large quantities of water were wasted. 大量的水浪费掉了.37. a variety of 作a number of different things解时,后面要接非人称的复数名词,此短语用作主语时应作复数对待;而当a variety of 指a kind of 时,其复数形式为varieties of ,后面接复数名词, 动词用复数形式;the variety of+名词作主语时,其谓语动词用单数. 例如:A good variety of flowers were on show there. 那里展出了各式各样的花 。There are a variety of apples in the shop. 商店里有各种各样的苹果。There is a variety of fruit in the shop. 商店里有各种各样的水果。A variety of methods are used by the teacher to present new words . 老师采用了各种各样的教学方法教授新单词。The variety of goods on sale in that shop is surprising . 那个商店货物的品种多的惊人。There are numerous varieties of fish in the lake . 这个湖里有无数种类的鱼。Varieties of roses are grown here . 这儿种植各种玫瑰花。38. 动名词, 不定式, 从句作主语时,谓语动词一般要用单数。例如： To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 Reading books is a good way to become educated. 读书是变得有教养的一种好方法。(但Reading and fishing are his hobbies.) When he will come is not known. 他会什么时候来还不知道。 When and where to go for the on-salary holiday has not been decided yet .何时何地去带薪休假还没有定。39. such,the same起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单复数。 Such is our plan. 我们的计划就是这样。 Such are his words . 他的话就是这样。40.若复数是书名、片名、剧名、格言、报名、国名、机构等形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如： The United States celebrates the birth of its independence every Fourth of July. 每年的7月4日，美国都庆祝他的独立日。 The United Nations plays an important role in the international affairs. 联合国在国际事务中起着重要作用。 Great Expectations was written by Dickens in 1860 .《远大前程》是狄更斯于1860年写的。41.以-S结尾的山脉、群岛、海峡、湖泊等作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。例如The Straits of Gibraltar haven’t lost their strategical importance. 直布罗陀海峡尚未失去其战略上的重要地位。The Himalayas extend along the border of India and China. 喜马拉雅山脉一直延伸到中印边界上。The Andes are in South America ,and the Alps are in Europe. 安第斯山在南美洲，阿尔皮斯山在欧洲。 注意：在表示瀑布的名词之后，谓语动词用单复数均可。例如： Niagara Falls is a stupendous sight. 尼亚加拉瀑布是一种壮观的景象。 Niagara Falls are not as high as Victoria Falls. 尼亚加拉瀑布没有维多利亚瀑布高。