湖南师大附中2023级高一年级入学考试
英语
时量：90分钟 满分：100分
一、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
A
Ways to Improve Vocabulary in Just One Day
The average American has a vocabulary in the thousands. Try these tricks to make sure yours builds up.
Watch movies
“If you see the movie version of your favourite book you’re likely to have a deeper understanding and knowledge of the words in it,” says Neuman, professor of Childhood and Literacy Education at New York University. “Seeing and reading something on the same topic is really important.”
Read magazines
If you want to improve vocabulary, don’t just flip through your favourite magazine, really read it.
Listen to how words sound
Many people won’t remember tricky words unless they come across them frequently. But if you hear a word that you think sounds interesting, you become word conscious (有意识的) and start using it yourself, says Neuman.
Join a book club
“Book clubs are a wonderful strategy to learn new words,” says Neuman. Not only will it force you to set aside time in your day to read, but it’s also a good way to discover books you might not normally be drawn to.
Listen to the radio
Those types of programs can expose you to topics you may not be familiar with. Don’t miss these middle school vocabulary words adults still don’t know.
Pay attention to your surroundings
Next time walk down a busy street or take a walk in the park, try to describe what you’re seeing as much as possible inside your head.
Read, read, read
Even if you don’t stop to look up every single foreign word, chances are you can improve vocabulary simply by figuring out (想出) their meaning based on the context.
1. How many tricks mentioned above are through hearing
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3 D. 4.
2. According to the passage, how will you find some special and unusual books
A. By joining a book club. B. By listening to the radio.
C. By walking around. D. By watching movies.
3. Where does this passage probably come from
A. A sports magazine. B. A science report.
C. A website. D. A novel.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了提高英语词汇量和积累英语词汇的一些方法和技巧。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题Listen to how words sound（听单词的发音）和Listen to the radio（听收音机）可知，这两个技巧是通过听来实现词汇的增长的。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Join a book club部分的“Not only will it force you to set aside time in your day to read, but it’s also a good way to discover books you might not normally be drawn to. (它不仅会迫使你在一天中留出时间来阅读，而且也是发现平时可能不吸引你的书的好方法)”可知，加入阅读俱乐部可以帮助你找到一些特别的、与众不同的书。故选A项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据文章标题“Ways to Improve Vocabulary in Just One Day (在一天内提高词汇量的方法)”以及七个小标题可知，文章介绍了提高英语词汇量和积累英语词汇的一些方法和技巧，由此推知，文章有可能来自与词汇学习相关的网站。故选C项。
B
In October, I told the eight-year-olds in the class I teach in Pompton Lakes, New Jersey, about my plan. “Since all of you have done extra jobs around the house to earn some money,” I said, “then we’ll buy food for a Thanksgiving dinner for someone who might not have a nice dinner otherwise.” I hoped they could experience a sense of their own power to bring change.
I watched them while they walked up and down the supermarket. “Flowers!” Kristine cried. The group rushed towards the holiday plants.
“You can’t eat flowers.”—It was wiser to use any extra money to buy something that could be turned into meals.
“But Mrs Sherlock,” came the begging voice, “we want flowers.”
Defeated finally, I put a pot of “funny” purple mums (菊花) in the cart full of foods. “She’ll like this one,” the children agreed.
An organization had given us the name and address of a needy grandmother who had lived alone for many years. We finally pulled up in front of a small house. A slightly-built woman with a weary face came to the door to welcome us.
My little group ran to get the foods. As, each box was carried in, the old woman kept on saying “Thanks.”-much to her visitors’ pleasure. When Amy put the mums on the counter, the woman seemed surprised. She’s wishing it was a bag of rice, I thought.
We returned to the car. As we fastened our seat belts, we could see the kitchen window. The woman inside waved goodbye, then turned and walked across the room, past the turkey, past the goods, straight to the mums. She put her face in them. When she raised her head, there was a smile on her lips. She was transformed (转变) before our eyes.
The children were quiet. At that moment, they had seen for themselves the power they have to make another’s life better. The children had sensed that sometimes a person needs a pot of funny purple flowers on a dark November day.
4. What is the author’s plan aimed at
A. Helping students focus on their happiness.
B. Teaching students the necessity of doing housework.
C. Letting students feel their ability to make a difference.
D. Getting students to know how to be financially independent.
5. Why did the author consider the mums “funny”
A. Because she thought they were too ugly.
B. Because she thought they were for children.
C Because she thought they were too expensive.
D. Because she thought they couldn’t help people in need.
6. What can we know from the passage
A. The old woman preferred food to flowers.
B. Flowers are more important than food to the poor.
C. The old woman’s dark day was brightened by the children.
D. All the money the children earned was transformed to food.
7. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. A Perfect Lesson B. The Importance of Giving
C. A Happy Shopping Day D. The Secret to Happiness
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在感恩节晚餐打算送食物给无法享受美味晚餐的人，在孩子们的强烈要求下买了一盆紫色的菊花送给了一位老太太。老太太收到花后脸上露出了微笑，孩子们的善良和鲜花改变了老人的心情和生活。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“I hoped they could experience a sense of their own power to bring change.(我希望他们能体会到自己带来改变的力量)”可知，作者的计划的目的是让学生感受到他们有能力有所作为。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段““You can’t eat flowers.”—It was wiser to use any extra money to buy something that could be turned into meals.(“你不能吃花。——用多余的钱去买一些可以做成饭菜的东西是更明智的)”可知，作者认为这些菊花“可笑”是因为她认为它们不能帮助有需要的人。故选D。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“The children were quiet. At that moment, they had seen for themselves the power they have to make another’s life better. The children had sensed that sometimes a person needs a pot of funny purple flowers on a dark November day.(孩子们很安静。在那一刻，他们亲眼看到了自己让别人的生活更美好的力量。孩子们已经感觉到，在11月的黑暗日子里，有时一个人需要一盆有趣的紫色花朵)”可知，孩子们点亮了老妇人黑暗的一天。故选C。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“In October, I told the eight-year-olds in the class I teach in Pompton Lakes, New Jersey, about my plan. “Since all of you have done extra jobs around the house to earn some money,” I said, “then we’ll buy food for a Thanksgiving dinner for someone who might not have a nice dinner otherwise.” I hoped they could experience a sense of their own power to bring change.(10月，我把我的计划告诉了我在新泽西州庞普顿湖所教班级里的8岁孩子。“既然你们都在家里做额外的工作赚点钱，”我说，“那么我们就为那些可能吃不到丰盛晚餐的人买感恩节晚餐的食物吧。”我希望他们能体会到自己带来改变的力量)”结合文章讲述了作者在感恩节晚餐打算送食物给无法享受美味晚餐的人，在孩子们的强烈要求下买了一盆紫色的菊花送给了一位老太太。老太太收到花后脸上露出了微笑，孩子们的善良和鲜花改变了老人的心情和生活。可知，B选项“给予的重要性”最符合文章标题。故选B。
C
Summer 2022 was a hard time for many. Huge heat waves swept across European countries and parts of China. They brought extreme (极端) high temperatures and drought.
Europe has experienced its hottest summer since 1979. In Spain, temperatures quickly increased past 40℃ and it was one of the hottest summers on record: In Italy and Greece, temperatures hit 38℃ or more. Europe also experienced its most serious drought in 500 years. The dry conditions led to wildfires. The lack of rainfall caused water shortages. As a result, water uses became a big problem. Back in China, similar things happened in the summer. Heat waves hit many places across the country. Chongqing’s highest temperature reached 45℃, breaking its historical record. In August, more than 20 forest fires happened in the area.
Heat waves are more harmful than you might expect. If people stay in high temperatures for too long, the heat will harm their bodies and make people feel sick, pass out or even die. During the 2003 heat wave in Europe, about 70,000 people died. Besides this, heat waves make some infectious diseases (传染病) even more serious.
What caused the extreme weather event Scientists said climate change was likely to be the reason. Countries and organizations are taking action to deal with it. The European Union has set its goal to achieve net-zero emissions (净零排放) by 2050. China also has the goal of peaking carbon dioxide emission (碳排放达到峰值) before 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality (碳中和) before 2060. Many countries have carried out policies, like supporting green energy and making more efficient use of energy.
8. What happened last summer in the passage
A. Many people died because of heat waves.
B. The world faced the highest temperatures in history.
C. Some infectious diseases broke out (爆发) in Europe.
D. Huge heat waves affected European countries and parts of China.
9. From the passage, what problems did heat waves bring
①infectious disease ②high temperature ③drought ④heavy rain
A. ①② B. ②③ C. ③④ D. ①④
10. The underlined phrase “pass out” probably means ________ in Chinese.
A. 去世 B. 经过 C. 流汗 D. 晕倒
11. What might cause the extreme weather event according to the passage
A. Climate change. B. Carbon neutrality.
C. The European Union’s policies D. Efficient use of energy.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了2022年夏天巨大热浪席卷欧洲国家和中国部分地区，导致极端高温和干旱，并引发很多环境、健康方面的问题，为此各国和各组织正在采取行动应对这一问题。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Summer 2022 was a hard time for many. Huge heat waves swept across European countries and parts of China.(2022年夏天对许多人来说是一段艰难的时期。巨大的热浪席卷了欧洲国家和中国部分地区)”可知，去年夏天巨大的热浪影响了欧洲国家和中国部分地区。故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They brought extreme (极端) high temperatures and drought.(它们带来了极端高温和干旱)”可知，热浪会导致高温和干旱的问题。故选B项。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词的上文“If people stay in high temperatures for too long, the heat will harm their bodies and make people feel sick (如果人们在高温中待得太久，热量会伤害他们的身体，使人们感到恶心”和下文“or even die (甚至死亡)”可知，在高温中待太久的人身体会受损，导致的后果包括感到恶心、pass out和死亡。由此推知，pass out的程度介于感到恶心和死亡之间，因此意思应该是“晕倒”。故选D项。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“What caused the extreme weather event Scientists said climate change was likely to be the reason. (是什么导致了极端天气事件？科学家表示，气候变化可能是原因之一)”可知，气候变化可能导致了这种极端天气。故选A项。
D
Sometimes, you just can’t help it. Maybe you’re watching a sad movie, or thinking about the friend who moved away. Next thing you know, you feel pressure in your throat, your eyes are watering, and you have tears running down your cheeks.
According to Ad Vingerhoets, a professor of psychology at Tilburg University, in the Netherlands, who is one of the few scientists in the world who have studied crying, there are three types of tears. Basal tears are the first type. They act as a protective barrier between the eye and the rest of the world. Next are reflex tears. They wash your eyes clean when something gets in them. Finally, there are emotional tears. “These are released in response to emotional states,” explains Vingerhoets.
Scientists believe crying has something to do with how humans developed and learnt to depend on each other. “Humans are very complex social creatures,” says Lauren Bylsma, a professor at the University of Pittsburgh, in Pennsylvania. “It seems that tears serve to arouse help and support from others,” she says.
Vingerhoets agrees, “I think that the reason why humans shed tears (流眼泪) has something to do with our childhood.” He says, “That’s the time when we are still dependent on adults for love and protection and care. The major advantage of emotional tears is that you can target them at a specific person.” Vingerhoets says this ability could have come in handy in prehistoric times, when humans were living among dangerous animals. Tears were a safer way to get attention. “In this case. it is better to use a silent signal to ask for help,” he says.
Vingerhoets and Bylsma do frequent studies to better understand why humans cry. According to Bylsma, there is still much more to discover. “It’s surprising,” she says, “how much we still don’t know.”
12. Which of the following is reflex tears
A. Tears when eyes are dry. B. Tears moved by a story.
C. Tears released when crying. D. Tears when dirt gets into eyes.
13. The underlined phrase “this ability” in paragraph 4 refers to the ability to ________.
A. seek help wisely B. aim tears at someone
C. cry emotionally D. appeal to other people
14. From the text, we learn that Ad Vingerhoets and Lauren Bylsma ________.
A. have learned enough about tears B. are working together to study tears
C. think positively of the effects of tears D. hold different opinions about the causes of tears
15. What is this article mainly about
A. The reason behind tears. B. The components of tears.
C. The types of tears. D. The opinions about tears.
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章首先介绍了人类眼泪的类型，然后分析了其中的情感型眼泪的积极作用和意义。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Next are reflex tears. They wash your eyes clean when something gets in them. (下一个是反射型眼泪。当有东西进入眼睛时，它们会把你的眼睛洗干净)”可知，反射型眼泪指的是有异物进入眼睛时流下的眼泪。由此可知，D项“尘土进入眼睛时的眼泪”属于反射型眼泪。故选D项。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“The major advantage of emotional tears is that you can target them at a specific person. (情感型流泪的主要好处是，你可以针对一个特定的人)”和下文“could have come in handy in prehistoric times, when humans were living among dangerous animals. Tears were a safer way to get attention. (可能在史前时代派上用场，当时人类与危险的动物生活在一起。眼泪是一种更安全的获得关注的方式)”可知，情感型流泪针对特定的人的好处帮助史前人类获得关注，保障安全。由此可知，this ability指代的是上文提到的将眼泪针对一个特定的人，即对特定的人流泪。故选B项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中Bylsma所说的话“It seems that tears serve to arouse help and support from others (眼泪似乎是为了唤起别人的帮助和支持)”和第四段中的“Vingerhoets agrees, “I think that the reason why humans shed tears (流眼泪) has something to do with our childhood.” He says, “That’s the time when we are still dependent on adults for love and protection and care. The major advantage of emotional tears is that you can target them at a specific person.” (Vingerhoets对此表示赞同，“我认为人类流泪的原因与我们的童年有关。”他说：“这是我们仍然依赖成年人的爱、保护和照顾的时候。情感型眼泪的主要好处是，你可以针对特定的人流泪。”)”可知，Bylsma认为眼泪可以帮助人们得到他人的帮助和支持，Vingerhoets同样认为儿童可以用眼泪得到成人的爱、保护和照顾。由此推知，两人都积极地看待眼泪的作用。故选C项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章围绕眼泪展开，首先简单介绍了人类眼泪的类型，然后主要从两位研究者Ad Vingerhoets和Lauren Bylsma的角度切入，分析了其中的情感型眼泪的积极作用和意义。由此可知，文章主要介绍了眼泪背后的原因。故选A项。
二、七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why play sports You might say “to get exercise” and you would be right. To have fun That's true, too. But there's more. ___16___ According to the Women's Sports Foundation, girls who play sports get a lot more than just fit.
Girls who play sports do better in school. You might think that athletics will take up all your study time. ___17___ Exercise improves learning, memory, and concentration, which can give active girls an advantage in the classroom.
Girls who play sports learn teamwork and goal-setting skills. ___18___ When working with coaches, trainers , and teammates to win games and achieve goals, you're learning how to be successful. Those skills will serve you well at work and in family life.
Sports are good for a girl's health. In addition to being fit and keeping a healthy weight, girls who play sports are also less likely to smoke. And later in life, girls who exercise are less likely to get breast cancer or osteoporosis(骨质疏松症).
Playing sports improves self-confidence. ___19___ Why It builds confidence when you know you can practice, improve, and achieve your goals. Sports are also a feel-good activity because they help girls get in shape, keep a healthy weight, and make new friends.
___20___ Playing sports can reduce stress and help you feel a little happier. How The brain chemicals leased during exercise improve a person's mood. Friends are another mood-lifter. And being in a team creates tight bonds between friends. It's good to know your teammates will support you-both on and off the field!
A. Exercise cuts the pressure.
B. Sports teach valuable life skills.
C Regular exercise increases quality of life.
D. In fact, there are at least five more reasons.
E. Girls who play sports feel better about themselves.
F. Playing sports offers children more than just physical benefits.
G. But research shows that girls who play sports do better in school than those who don't.
【答案】16. D 17. G 18. B 19. E 20. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了参加体育运动对于女孩的益处，这里列举了五个益处，包括女孩在学校会表现的更好，在家庭，工作生活中起到作用，增加自信，减少压力等。
【详解】1.根据上文“Why play sports You might say “to get exercise” and you’d be right. To have fun That’s true, too. But there’s more.”（为什么运动 你可能会说“锻炼身体”，你是对的。玩得开心吗 这是真的。但还有更多。）下文“According to the Women’s Sports Foundation, girls who play sports get a lot more than just a good figure.”（根据女子运动基金会的说法，参加运动的女孩不只是身材好。）同时结合下文讲的是五个原因。所以，设空处和上文为承接关系，是过渡句，可以表述为事实上有五个原因。选项D.“In fact, there are at least 5 more reasons.”（事实上，至少还有5个原因。）切题。 5 more reasons呼应下文的各个小标题。故选D。
2.根据上文“Girls who play sports do better in school.You might think that playing sports will take up all your study time.”（做运动的女孩在学校表现更好。你可能认为做运动会占用你所有的学习时间。）下文“Exercise improves learning, memory, and concentration, which can give active girls an advantage in the classroom.”（锻炼可以提高学习能力、记忆力和注意力，这可以让活跃的女孩在课堂上占有优势。）说明了锻炼给女孩带来的好处，所以空白处和上文为转折关系，表明锻炼会给女孩带来好处的。G项“But research shows girls who play sports do better in school than those who don’t.”（但研究表明，参加体育运动的女孩比不参加体育运动的女孩在学校表现更好。）该项中的But表示转折关系，故选G。
3.根据本段主题句“Girls who play sports learn teamwork and goal-setting skills.”(参加体育运动的女孩能学习团队合作和目标设定技巧。)下文“When you work with coaches, trainers, and teammates to win games and achieve goals, you’re learning how be successful. ”（当你与教练和队友一起赢得比赛并实现目标时，你就在学习如何成功。）讲的是体育运动能传授有价值的生活技巧。因而设空处应总说体育运动可以传授一些生活技巧。B项”Sports teach valuable life skills.”(运动会教会有用的生活技巧。)符合本段文意，故选B。
4.根据上文“Playing sports improves self-confidence.”（做运动可以增强自信。）所以接下来讲述做运动对女孩的好处，E项“Girls who play sports feel better about themselves.”（喜欢运动的女孩自我感觉更好。）切题。故选E。
5.本句作为段落主题句，结合上文提到的内容，本段同样讲述做运动可以带来好处。根据下文“Playing sports can reduce stress and help you feel a little happier.”（运动可以减少压力，帮助你感觉更快乐。）所以，空白处讲述运动可以减少压力。A项“Exercise cuts the pressure.”（运动减少压力）切题。故选A。
三、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
An old woman was sitting behind her son, Rahul, who was very busy with some of his office work. Just then, a squirrel (松鼠) came and sat on the window of the house. The mother asked her son what that was. Her son ____21____ that it was a squirrel. About half an hour ____22____, his mother again asked what that was. He again told her it was a squirrel.
For the ____23____ time when his mother asked the same question, he said to her in a very ____24____ voice with impatience, "Can't you ____25____ it's a squirrel Why are you asking me the same question again and again " The mother felt very bad and her heart was ____26____ sorrow. And she just stood up and said ____27____ to him and made him ____28____.
She then sat next to him and ____29____ a story about a 5-year-old boy. That boy was very cute and sweet. One day, a bird came and ____30____ on the window of the house. That boy asked his mother what that was. He was asking that question about fifteen ____31____, but all the time his mother answered him very ____32____, and kissed her ____33____ on his face every time.
That boy is Rahul who now is well educated with a ____34____ job. Rahul can be me you or many people in this world, who don't ____35____ their mothers lovingly enough.
21. A. thought B. hoped C. commented D. replied
22. A. ago B. before C. later D. early
23. A. third B. last C. next D. second
24. A. weak B. soft C. gentle D. loud
25. A. argue B. suggest C. doubt D. understand
26. A. filled with B. free from C. afraid of D. used to
27. A. goodbye B. hello C. thanks D. sorry
28. A. break down B. calm down C. check out D. give up
29. A. wrote B. read C. told D. listened
30. A. chatted B. recovered C. rested D. surfed
31. A. seconds B. times C. moments D. years
32. A. patiently B. fluently C. quickly D. amazingly
33. A. worker B. son C. pet D. mother
34. A. low-grade B. second-hand C. high-priced D. well-paid
35. A. miss B. help C. treat D. admire
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. D 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了母亲问孩子问题，孩子很不耐烦地回答母亲，母亲很伤心。其实，父母为我们以及我们的未来牺牲了很多东西，在这个世界上没有人能做到。现在轮到我们照顾他们了，要温柔地、亲切地对待他们。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的儿子回应，它是一只松鼠。A. thought认为；B. hoped希望；C. commented评论；D. replied回复。根据前文“The mother asked her son what that was(母亲问她的儿子是什么)”可知，此处是儿子对于母亲问题的回复。故选D项。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：大约半个小时之后，她的母亲又问那是什么。A. ago以前；B. before在……之前；C. later之后；D. early在早期。根据后文“his mother again asked what that was”可知，时间是往后进行的，所以大约半个小时之后，她的母亲又问那是什么。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查数词词义辨析。句意：第三次，当他的母亲问同样的问题，他以不耐烦地态度用很大声的声音说“你不能明白它是一只松鼠吗？”A. third第三；B. last最后；C. next接下来的；D. second第二。根据前文“The mother asked her son what that was”以及“his mother again asked what that was”可知，此处是第三次母亲问儿子。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第三次，当他的母亲问同样的问题，他以不耐烦地态度用很大声的声音说“你不能明白它是一只松鼠吗？”A. weak虚弱的；B. soft柔软的；C. gentle温柔的；D. loud大声的。根据后文“with impatience”可知，这个儿子已经不耐烦，用很大声的语气和母亲讲话。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：第三次，当他的母亲问同样的问题，他以不耐烦地态度用很大声的声音说“你不能明白它是一只松鼠吗？”A. argue争吵；B. suggest建议；C. doubt怀疑；D. understand理解。根据后文“Why are you asking me the same question again and again (你为什么一遍又一遍地问我同一个问题？)”可知，儿子对于母亲提出问题的质疑，说母亲为什么不能理解它是一只松鼠。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个母亲感觉非常糟糕并且内心充满着悲伤。A. filled with充满；B. free from使……摆脱；C. afraid of害怕；D. used to过去常常。根据前文“The mother felt very bad”可知，看到儿子不耐烦的态度，母亲内心充满悲伤。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：并且她只是站起来并且对他说抱歉，让他感情失控。A. goodbye再见；B. hello你好；C. thanks感谢；D. sorry对不起。根据上文“Why are you asking me the same question again and again (你为什么一遍又一遍地问我同一个问题？)”可知，母亲始终在问同样的问题让儿子感到心烦，为此母亲向儿子说抱歉。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：并且她只是站起来并且对他说抱歉，让他冷静下来。A. break down感情失控（痛哭出来）；B. calm down冷静下来；C. check out核实；D. give up放弃。根据上文提到儿子因为母亲多次询问不耐烦，情绪失控，所以母亲向儿子说抱歉，来让儿子冷静下来。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她然后坐在他旁边，讲述了一个关于一个5岁男孩的故事。A. wrote写；B. read读；C. told告诉，讲述；D. listened听。根据后文“a story”可知，此处表示母亲给儿子讲述五岁男孩的故事，短语tell a story意为“讲述故事”。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，一只鸟飞过来并且在房屋的窗上休息。A. chatted闲聊；B. recovered恢复；C. rested休息；D. surfed冲浪。根据后文“on the window of the house”指鸟飞过来停留在窗上休息。故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他问那个问题大约十五次，但他的妈妈一直非常耐心地回答他，并且每次都亲吻她儿子的脸颊。A. seconds秒；B. times次数；C. moments时刻；D. years年。根据上文“fifteen”以及上文儿子对母亲的态度，母亲讲述的故事与儿子形成对比可知，此处应指次数，应用times。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他问那个问题大约十五次，但他的妈妈一直非常耐心地回答他，并且每次都亲吻她儿子的脸颊。A. patiently耐心地；B. fluently流利地；C. quickly快速地；D. amazingly惊奇地。结合后文“but all the time his mother answered him very”可知，but表示转折，说明儿子问了15次，而母亲都为此给出的耐心回答。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他问那个问题大约十五次，但他的妈妈一直非常耐心地回答他，并且每次都亲吻她儿子的脸颊。A. worker工人；B. son儿子；C. pet宠物；D. mother母亲。根据故事的主人公是母亲和儿子可知，所以妈妈亲吻的是儿子。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那个男孩是Rahul，他现在受过良好的教育并有着一份高薪工作。A. low-grade劣质的；B. second-hand二手的；C. high-priced高价的；D. well-paid高工资的。根据上文“well educated”可知，这个男孩受过良好的教育应拥有薪酬丰厚的工作。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Rahul可以是我，是你或是这个世界上的很多人，他们没有对待他们的母亲足够慈爱。A. miss思念，错过；B. help帮助；C. treat对待；D. admire钦佩。根据后文“their mothers lovingly enough”以及文章内容可知，通过母亲讲述的母子间的故事，体现了作为子女应足够慈爱地对待母亲。故选C项。
四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
If you are like most young people, you’ll have been online ____36____ used a phone at some point today. A bit of screen time is fine-especially if you are studying, socializing or simply relaxing. Yet too much screen time can be bad for your brain.
A recent study of more than 4,000 children found that those who ____37____ (play) on a screen anywhere did not do ____38____ (well) in thinking tests than those who seldom used mobile phones. ____39____ (look) at things online can also mean that you are missing out on the real world. Every hour looking at a screen ____40____ (be) an hour you can spend being with your friends or learning a new exciting hobby.
If you are worried that you are spending too many hours scrolling (滚动) through social media, glued to the television or ____41____ (lose)in games, you might want to think about cutting down a bit, or even “going cold turkey”, ____42____ means giving up completely, instead of ____43____ (cut) back.
See if you can go ____44____ (total) screen-free for a week, a month or whatever you feel you can manage. If that’s too hard, just cur out one thing, such as games. You might even feel differently about your favorite device when _____45_____ challenge is over.
【答案】36. or 37. played
38. better 39. Looking
40. is 41. lost
42. which 43. cutting
44. totally
45. the
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了看屏幕时间过长对大脑有害，列举了相关研究发现，建议少看屏幕。
【36题详解】
考查连词。句意：如果你和大多数年轻人一样，你今天一定在某个时候上网或使用过手机。结合前后文语境可知为选择关系，应用连词or。故填or。
【37题详解】
考查时态。句意：最近一项针对4000多名儿童的研究发现，那些在任何地方玩屏幕游戏的孩子在思维测试中的表现并不比那些很少使用手机的孩子好。根据后文did可知此处应用一般过去时。故填played。
38题详解】
考查比较级。句意：最近一项针对4000多名儿童的研究发现，那些在任何地方玩屏幕游戏的孩子在思维测试中的表现并不比那些很少使用手机的孩子好。根据后文“than those who seldom used mobile phones”可知为比较级。故填better。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在网上看东西也可能意味着你错过了现实世界。作句子的主语应用动名词形式。故填Looking。
【40题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意：看一个小时屏幕的时间你也可以花一个小时和你的朋友在一起，或者学习一个令人兴奋的新爱好。此处陈述事实用一般现在时，且主语为Every hour looking at a screen，谓语用单数。故填is。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意：如果你担心自己花了太多时间刷社交媒体、盯着电视或在游戏中迷失，你可能要考虑减少一点，甚至是“突然戒掉”，意思是完全放弃，而不是减少。根据句意和句中的you are可知，表示“沉迷于”短语为be lost in。故填lost。
【42题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：如果你担心自己花了太多时间刷社交媒体、盯着电视或在游戏中迷失，你可能要考虑减少一点，甚至是“突然戒掉”，意思是完全放弃，而不是减少。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词going cold turkey，空格处的词代替先行词going cold turkey在从句中作主语，故填which。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你担心自己花了太多时间刷社交媒体、盯着电视或在游戏中迷失，你可能要考虑减少一点，甚至是“突然戒掉”，意思是完全放弃，而不是减少。作介词of的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填cutting。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：看看你能不能一周、一个月或任何你觉得自己能做到的时间里完全不看屏幕。修饰动词应用副词totally。故填totally。
【45题详解】
考查冠词。句意：当挑战结束时，你甚至可能对你最喜欢的设备有不同的感觉。challenge此处特指“不看屏幕的挑战”，应用定冠词。故填the。
五、翻译（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，将画线部分译成英文或中文。
An Accidental Invention
Did you know that tea, the most popular drink in the world (after water), was invented by accident Many people believe that tea was first drunk nearly 5,000 years ago. ___46___It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong first discovered tea as a drink. One day Shen Nong was boiling drinking water over an open fire. ___47___Some leaves from a tea plant fell into the water and remained there for some time. It produced a nice smell so he tasted the brown water anyway. It was quite delicious. In this way, ___48___世界上最受欢迎的饮品之一被发明了。
It is believed that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries. ___49___In England, tea didn't appear until around 1660, but less than100 years later. it had become the national drink. The tea trade from China to Western countries took place in the 19th century. This helped to spread the popularity of tea and the tea plant to more places around the world. ___50___尽管现在很多人都了解茶文化, the Chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea.
【答案】46. 据说有一位叫作神农的中国统治者最早发现了茶可以饮用。
47. 一棵茶树上的一些叶子掉落到了水里并停留了一段时间。
48. one of the world's favorite drinks was invented.
49. 在英国，直到1660年左右茶才出现，
50. Even though many people now know about tea culture
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了茶在我国发现、发展以及传播世界的过程。
【46题详解】
考查英译汉题。It is said that翻译为“据说……”，that引导主语从句；a Chinese ruler翻译为“一位中国统治者”；called Shen Nong翻译为“被称为神农”，修饰ruler，故二者结合翻译为“一位叫做神农的中国统治者”；first discovered tea翻译为“最早发现了茶”；as a drink翻译为“作为饮料”。故填：据说有一位叫作神农的中国统治者最早发现了茶可以饮用。
【47题详解】
考查英译汉题。Some leaves翻译为“一些叶子”；from a tea plant翻译为“来自一颗茶树”，作定语修饰Some leaves，故二者结合翻译为“一棵茶树上的一些叶子”；fell into the water翻译为“落到了水里”；and remained there翻译为“并停留在那里”；for some time“一段时间”。故填：一棵茶树上的一些叶子掉落到了水里并停留了一段时间。
【48题详解】
考查汉译英题。根据中文提示可知，该句为被动语态，且时态为一般过去时，其句型为：主语+was/were+过去分词。饮品之一：one of the drinks，作主语；世界最受欢迎的；world's favorite，作定语，修饰drinks，放在它的前面；one提示用was，故谓语为was invented， 表示“被发明”。故填：one of the world's favorite drinks was invented.
【49题详解】
考查英译汉题。In England翻译为“在英国”；not…until表示”直到……才……”，故tea didn't appear until around 1660翻译为“直到1660年左右茶才出现”。该句与下文but less than 100 years later,it had become the national drink.为完整的一句话，故句尾标点符号为逗号。故填：在英国，直到1660年左右茶才出现，。
【50题详解】
考查汉译英题。根据中文提示可知，该句时态为一般现在时，是even though引导的让步状语从句，将even though置于句首，首字母大写；很多人：many people，作主语；了解短语为know about作谓语；茶文化：tea culture，作宾语；现在：now，作时间状语，置于谓语动词前。该句与下文the Chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea.(毫无疑问，中国人最了解茶的本质。）为完整的一句话，故句尾标点符号为逗号。故填：Even though many people now know about tea culture,
六、应用文写作（满分15分）
51. 假如你是高一新生李华，你的英国好友Peter给你发了一封邮件，询问你暑假是如何度过，并对你即将进入的高中生活很感兴趣。请你根据以下要点给他写封回信：
1. 假期生活的简要描述；
2. 高中学校给你的第一印象以及你对新校园生活的展望。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Dear Peter,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Peter,
How are you doing I feel so grateful to receive your letter asking about my summer vacation and my new high school life.
During the holiday, I made an attempt to do a part-time job and accumulated some social experience, which was really good to my future life. When it comes to my senior high school, the first impression of it is unforgettable. The school yard is big and beautiful with all kinds of trees and flowers. Besides, all the teachers are friendly and I firmly believe we’ll make great progress with them teaching us. And from now on, I will study hard to go to college.
Looking forward to hearing from you!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假如你是高一新生李华，你好友 Peter 给你发了一封邮件，询问你暑假是如何度过，并对你的高中生活很感兴趣。请你根据要点给他写封回信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
感激的：grateful→ thankful
有好处：be good to→ be beneficial to
此外：Besides→ In addition
各种各样的：all kinds of→ various
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The school yard is big and beautiful with all kinds of trees and flowers.
拓展句：The school yard is big and beautiful with all kinds of trees and flowers, which can provide us with a good environment.
【点睛】【高分句型1】
During the holiday, I made an attempt to do a part-time job and accumulated some social experience, which was really good to my future life.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】
Besides, all the teachers are friendly and I firmly believe we’ll make great progress with them teaching us.（运用了省略that的宾语从句）湖南师大附中2023级高一年级入学考试
英语
时量：90分钟 满分：100分
一、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
A
Ways to Improve Vocabulary in Just One Day
The average American has a vocabulary in the thousands. Try these tricks to make sure yours builds up.
Watch movies
“If you see the movie version of your favourite book you’re likely to have a deeper understanding and knowledge of the words in it,” says Neuman, professor of Childhood and Literacy Education at New York University. “Seeing and reading something on the same topic is really important.”
Read magazines
If you want to improve vocabulary, don’t just flip through your favourite magazine, really read it.
Listen to how words sound
Many people won’t remember tricky words unless they come across them frequently. But if you hear a word that you think sounds interesting, you become word conscious (有意识的) and start using it yourself, says Neuman.
Join a book club
“Book clubs are a wonderful strategy to learn new words,” says Neuman. Not only will it force you to set aside time in your day to read, but it’s also a good way to discover books you might not normally be drawn to.
Listen to the radio
Those types of programs can expose you to topics you may not be familiar with. Don’t miss these middle school vocabulary words adults still don’t know.
Pay attention to your surroundings
Next time walk down a busy street or take a walk in the park, try to describe what you’re seeing as much as possible inside your head.
Read, read, read
Even if you don’t stop to look up every single foreign word, chances are you can improve vocabulary simply by figuring out (想出) their meaning based on the context.
1. How many tricks mentioned above are through hearing
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3 D. 4.
2. According to the passage, how will you find some special and unusual books
A. By joining a book club. B. By listening to the radio.
C. By walking around. D. By watching movies.
3. Where does this passage probably come from
A. A sports magazine. B. A science report.
C. A website. D. A novel.
B
In October, I told the eight-year-olds in the class I teach in Pompton Lakes, New Jersey, about my plan. “Since all of you have done extra jobs around the house to earn some money,” I said, “then we’ll buy food for a Thanksgiving dinner for someone who might not have a nice dinner otherwise.” I hoped they could experience a sense of their own power to bring change.
I watched them while they walked up and down the supermarket. “Flowers!” Kristine cried. The group rushed towards the holiday plants.
“You can’t eat flowers.”—It was wiser to use any extra money to buy something that could be turned into meals.
“But Mrs Sherlock,” came the begging voice, “we want flowers.”
Defeated finally, I put a pot of “funny” purple mums (菊花) in the cart full of foods. “She’ll like this one,” the children agreed.
An organization had given us the name and address of a needy grandmother who had lived alone for many years. We finally pulled up in front of a small house. A slightly-built woman with a weary face came to the door to welcome us.
My little group ran to get the foods. As, each box was carried in, the old woman kept on saying “Thanks.”-much to her visitors’ pleasure. When Amy put the mums on the counter, the woman seemed surprised. She’s wishing it was a bag of rice, I thought.
We returned to the car. As we fastened our seat belts, we could see the kitchen window. The woman inside waved goodbye, then turned and walked across the room, past the turkey, past the goods, straight to the mums. She put her face in them. When she raised her head, there was a smile on her lips. She was transformed (转变) before our eyes.
The children were quiet. At that moment, they had seen for themselves the power they have to make another’s life better. The children had sensed that sometimes a person needs a pot of funny purple flowers on a dark November day.
4. What is the author’s plan aimed at
A. Helping students focus on their happiness.
B. Teaching students the necessity of doing housework.
C. Letting students feel their ability to make a difference.
D. Getting students to know how to be financially independent.
5. Why did the author consider the mums “funny”
A. Because she thought they were too ugly.
B. Because she thought they were for children.
C. Because she thought they were too expensive.
D. Because she thought they couldn’t help people in need.
6. What can we know from the passage
A. The old woman preferred food to flowers.
B Flowers are more important than food to the poor.
C. The old woman’s dark day was brightened by the children.
D. All the money the children earned was transformed to food.
7. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. A Perfect Lesson B. The Importance of Giving
C. A Happy Shopping Day D. The Secret to Happiness
C
Summer 2022 was a hard time for many. Huge heat waves swept across European countries and parts of China. They brought extreme (极端) high temperatures and drought.
Europe has experienced its hottest summer since 1979. In Spain, temperatures quickly increased past 40℃ and it was one of the hottest summers on record: In Italy and Greece, temperatures hit 38℃ or more. Europe also experienced its most serious drought in 500 years. The dry conditions led to wildfires. The lack of rainfall caused water shortages. As a result, water uses became a big problem. Back in China, similar things happened in the summer. Heat waves hit many places across the country. Chongqing’s highest temperature reached 45℃, breaking its historical record. In August, more than 20 forest fires happened in the area.
Heat waves are more harmful than you might expect. If people stay in high temperatures for too long, the heat will harm their bodies and make people feel sick, pass out or even die. During the 2003 heat wave in Europe, about 70,000 people died. Besides this, heat waves make some infectious diseases (传染病) even more serious.
What caused the extreme weather event Scientists said climate change was likely to be the reason. Countries and organizations are taking action to deal with it. The European Union has set its goal to achieve net-zero emissions (净零排放) by 2050. China also has the goal of peaking carbon dioxide emission (碳排放达到峰值) before 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality (碳中和) before 2060. Many countries have carried out policies, like supporting green energy and making more efficient use of energy.
8. What happened last summer in the passage
A. Many people died because of heat waves.
B. The world faced the highest temperatures in history.
C. Some infectious diseases broke out (爆发) in Europe.
D Huge heat waves affected European countries and parts of China.
9. From the passage, what problems did heat waves bring
①infectious disease ②high temperature ③drought ④heavy rain
A. ①② B. ②③ C. ③④ D. ①④
10. The underlined phrase “pass out” probably means ________ in Chinese.
A. 去世 B. 经过 C. 流汗 D. 晕倒
11. What might cause the extreme weather event according to the passage
A. Climate change. B. Carbon neutrality.
C. The European Union’s policies D. Efficient use of energy.
D
Sometimes, you just can’t help it. Maybe you’re watching a sad movie, or thinking about the friend who moved away. Next thing you know, you feel pressure in your throat, your eyes are watering, and you have tears running down your cheeks.
According to Ad Vingerhoets, a professor of psychology at Tilburg University, in the Netherlands, who is one of the few scientists in the world who have studied crying, there are three types of tears. Basal tears are the first type. They act as a protective barrier between the eye and the rest of the world. Next are reflex tears. They wash your eyes clean when something gets in them. Finally, there are emotional tears. “These are released in response to emotional states,” explains Vingerhoets.
Scientists believe crying has something to do with how humans developed and learnt to depend on each other. “Humans are very complex social creatures,” says Lauren Bylsma, a professor at the University of Pittsburgh, in Pennsylvania. “It seems that tears serve to arouse help and support from others,” she says.
Vingerhoets agrees, “I think that the reason why humans shed tears (流眼泪) has something to do with our childhood.” He says, “That’s the time when we are still dependent on adults for love and protection and care. The major advantage of emotional tears is that you can target them at a specific person.” Vingerhoets says this ability could have come in handy in prehistoric times, when humans were living among dangerous animals. Tears were a safer way to get attention. “In this case. it is better to use a silent signal to ask for help,” he says.
Vingerhoets and Bylsma do frequent studies to better understand why humans cry. According to Bylsma, there is still much more to discover. “It’s surprising,” she says, “how much we still don’t know.”
12. Which of the following is reflex tears
A. Tears when eyes are dry. B. Tears moved by a story.
C. Tears released when crying. D. Tears when dirt gets into eyes.
13. The underlined phrase “this ability” in paragraph 4 refers to the ability to ________.
A. seek help wisely B. aim tears at someone
C. cry emotionally D. appeal to other people
14. From the text, we learn that Ad Vingerhoets and Lauren Bylsma ________.
A. have learned enough about tears B. are working together to study tears
C. think positively of the effects of tears D. hold different opinions about the causes of tears
15. What is this article mainly about
A. The reason behind tears. B. The components of tears.
C The types of tears. D. The opinions about tears.
二、七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why play sports You might say “to get exercise” and you would be right. To have fun That's true, too. But there's more. ___16___ According to the Women's Sports Foundation, girls who play sports get a lot more than just fit.
Girls who play sports do better in school. You might think that athletics will take up all your study time. ___17___ Exercise improves learning, memory, and concentration, which can give active girls an advantage in the classroom.
Girls who play sports learn teamwork and goal-setting skills. ___18___ When working with coaches, trainers , and teammates to win games and achieve goals, you're learning how to be successful. Those skills will serve you well at work and in family life.
Sports are good for a girl's health. In addition to being fit and keeping a healthy weight, girls who play sports are also less likely to smoke. And later in life, girls who exercise are less likely to get breast cancer or osteoporosis(骨质疏松症).
Playing sports improves self-confidence. ___19___ Why It builds confidence when you know you can practice, improve, and achieve your goals. Sports are also a feel-good activity because they help girls get in shape, keep a healthy weight, and make new friends.
___20___ Playing sports can reduce stress and help you feel a little happier. How The brain chemicals leased during exercise improve a person's mood. Friends are another mood-lifter. And being in a team creates tight bonds between friends. It's good to know your teammates will support you-both on and off the field!
A. Exercise cuts the pressure.
B. Sports teach valuable life skills.
C. Regular exercise increases quality of life.
D. In fact, there are at least five more reasons.
E. Girls who play sports feel better about themselves.
F. Playing sports offers children more than just physical benefits.
G. But research shows that girls who play sports do better in school than those who don't.
三、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
An old woman was sitting behind her son, Rahul, who was very busy with some of his office work. Just then, a squirrel (松鼠) came and sat on the window of the house. The mother asked her son what that was. Her son ____21____ that it was a squirrel. About half an hour ____22____, his mother again asked what that was. He again told her it was a squirrel.
For the ____23____ time when his mother asked the same question, he said to her in a very ____24____ voice with impatience, "Can't you ____25____ it's a squirrel Why are you asking me the same question again and again " The mother felt very bad and her heart was ____26____ sorrow. And she just stood up and said ____27____ to him and made him ____28____.
She then sat next to him and ____29____ a story about a 5-year-old boy. That boy was very cute and sweet. One day, a bird came and ____30____ on the window of the house. That boy asked his mother what that was. He was asking that question about fifteen ____31____, but all the time his mother answered him very ____32____, and kissed her ____33____ on his face every time.
That boy is Rahul who now is well educated with a ____34____ job. Rahul can be me, you or many people in this world, who don't ____35____ their mothers lovingly enough.
21. A. thought B. hoped C. commented D. replied
22 A. ago B. before C. later D. early
23. A. third B. last C. next D. second
24. A. weak B. soft C. gentle D. loud
25. A. argue B. suggest C. doubt D. understand
26. A. filled with B. free from C. afraid of D. used to
27. A. goodbye B. hello C. thanks D. sorry
28. A. break down B. calm down C. check out D. give up
29. A. wrote B. read C. told D. listened
30. A. chatted B. recovered C. rested D. surfed
31. A. seconds B. times C. moments D. years
32. A. patiently B. fluently C. quickly D. amazingly
33 A. worker B. son C. pet D. mother
34. A. low-grade B. second-hand C. high-priced D. well-paid
35. A. miss B. help C. treat D. admire
四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
If you are like most young people, you’ll have been online ____36____ used a phone at some point today. A bit of screen time is fine-especially if you are studying, socializing or simply relaxing. Yet too much screen time can be bad for your brain.
A recent study of more than 4,000 children found that those who ____37____ (play) on a screen anywhere did not do ____38____ (well) in thinking tests than those who seldom used mobile phones. ____39____ (look) at things online can also mean that you are missing out on the real world. Every hour looking at a screen ____40____ (be) an hour you can spend being with your friends or learning a new exciting hobby.
If you are worried that you are spending too many hours scrolling (滚动) through social media, glued to the television or ____41____ (lose)in games, you might want to think about cutting down a bit, or even “going cold turkey”, ____42____ means giving up completely, instead of ____43____ (cut) back.
See if you can go ____44____ (total) screen-free for a week, a month or whatever you feel you can manage. If that’s too hard, just cur out one thing, such as games. You might even feel differently about your favorite device when _____45_____ challenge is over.
五、翻译（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，将画线部分译成英文或中文。
An Accidental Invention
Did you know that tea, the most popular drink in the world (after water), was invented by accident Many people believe that tea was first drunk nearly 5,000 years ago. ___46___It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong first discovered tea as a drink. One day Shen Nong was boiling drinking water over an open fire. ___47___Some leaves from a tea plant fell into the water and remained there for some time. It produced a nice smell so he tasted the brown water anyway. It was quite delicious. In this way, ___48___世界上最受欢迎的饮品之一被发明了。
It is believed that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries. ___49___In England, tea didn't appear until around 1660, but less than100 years later. it had become the national drink. The tea trade from China to Western countries took place in the 19th century. This helped to spread the popularity of tea and the tea plant to more places around the world. ___50___尽管现在很多人都了解茶文化, the Chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea.
六、应用文写作（满分15分）
51. 假如你是高一新生李华，你的英国好友Peter给你发了一封邮件，询问你暑假是如何度过，并对你即将进入的高中生活很感兴趣。请你根据以下要点给他写封回信：
1. 假期生活的简要描述；
2. 高中学校给你的第一印象以及你对新校园生活的展望。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Dear Peter,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
