2024届高考高三英语一轮语法复习——助词
目录
一 命题规律 最常用的助动词有： be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
二 备考策略 基本助动词只有三个：be, do, have, 他们没有词汇意义，只有语法作用，如协助构成 进行体，完成体，被动态，否定句，疑问句等
三 基本知识 助动词定义及基本用法
四 真题训练 近几年有关助动词的高考真题
五 思路点拨 如果谓语动词本该用一般过去时或第三人称单数时，却用了原形，那么其前面 应填情态动词，或填强调谓语的do, does, did, 或填构成部分倒装的助动词do ， does ， did，或构成一般疑问句的do, does, did。
六 考点归纳 1. 疑问句结构：(疑问词+) be动词/情态动词/助动词(do, does, did) +主语+谓语动词+… 2. 部分倒装句结构：与一般疑问句的结构相同。 3. 谓语动词的强调式：当谓语动词为一般现在时，可用do或does来强调；当谓语动 词为一般过去时，可用did来强调。 4. 有可能要求考生填it或that,以构成“it is/ was…that…”强调句型。 5. 为避免与前面谓语动词的重复, 使用助动词do, does或did来代替。
七 考点练透 再次巩固所掌握的知识点体系并能灵活应用
命题规律：
最常用的助动词有： be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
备考策略：
基本助动词只有三个：be, do, have, 他们没有词汇意义，只有语法作用，如协助构成进行体，完成体， 被动态，否定句，疑问句等。
基本知识：
助动词定义以基本用法
什么是助动词？ 协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动词。 助动
词自身没有词义，不可单独使用！
最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would 半助动词 功能介绍 在功能上介乎主动词和 助动词之间的一类结构，称为半助动词。
常见的半助动词有 be about to, be due to, be going to, be likely to, be meant to, be obliged to, be supposed to, be willing to, have to, seem to, be unable to, be unwilling to 等。
1.情态助动词包括 will(would), shall(should), can(could), may(might), must, need, dare, ought to, used to, had better 后接原形不定词。
2.情态助动词不受主词的人称和数的限制。
3.两个情态助动词不能连用。 中文:他将能够及时完成此事。 (误)He will can finish it i......
基本助动词只有三个：be, do, have, 他们没有词汇意义，只有语法作用，如协助构成进行体，完成体， 被动态，否定句，疑问句等。
助动词 be 的用法
1) 用于构成各种时态
* Who is playing the violin 谁在拉小提琴？
* Yesterday afternoon we were discussing a new plan. 昨天下午我们在讨论一个新的计划。
* Are you going home next week 你下周回家吗？
* I've been writing letters all this morning. 这个上午我一直在写信。
2) 用于构成各种被动语态
* The road is being repaired. 路正在修整。
* He's not respected by the press. 他们不受报界的尊重。
* Being told the truth, he decided to leave. 得知真相之后，他决定离开。
* The house was built in 1978. 这栋房子建于 1978 年。
* His money has been stolen. 他的钱被偷了。
3) 用于构成各种被动形式
* I saw him being taken away. 我看见有人把他带走了。
* How to avoid being hit by lightning 怎么避免被雷击呢？
* They have the misfortune to be hit by a violent storm. 他们不幸遇上了猛烈的风暴。
* A dinner is to be given in honor of the new president. 将为新校长举行宴会。
have 的用法
1. have 作助动词
1) 构成完成时态和完成进行时态
* He has not made up his mind yet. 他还没有决定呢。
* He has been a doctor for 10 years. 他当医生十年了。
* I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。
* You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天这个时候，你已经抵达上海了。
* By the time you arrive tonight, she will have been typing for hours. 等你今晚来到时，她已经打了几个小时的 字了。
* I have been studying English for ten years. 我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。
* John has been painting the door. 约翰一直在给门上油漆。
* He told them he would have finished it by 8 o'clock.他告诉他们他会在 8 点以前干完。
* No one in his senses would have done so. 没有一个神志清醒的人会这样做。
2) 构成各种完成形式
* You ought to have done your homework last weekdays. 你上周本该做你的家庭作业。
* You were supposed to have finished the work. 你理应已经完成这份工作。
* She admitted having done wrong. 她承认做错了。
* You are forgiven for not having heard of us. 你从没听说过我们，不过这也不怪你。
* Having finished all the tasks, we went to the cinema. 完成所有的任务后，我们去了看电影。
* Not having received a replay, he decided to write to her again. 没有得到答复，他决定再写信给她。
2. have 作及物动词的用法
1)表示所有关系
* The book has a simple premise. 本书有一个简单的前提。
* Will we have time to go there 我们将有时间到那里去吗？
* I have a beautiful dream. 我有一个美丽的梦。
* She has a little cat. 她又一只小猫。
* We had a wonderful time last night. 我们昨晚过得很开心。
* I have a fear that he will betray us. 我担心他会背叛我们。
* She'll have a day off next week. 下周她休假一天。
* You must have a cold today. 你今天肯定感冒了。 2)和许多动词连用表示动作
* have a class 上课
* have a meeting 开会
* have a birthday party 举行生日聚会
* have a swim 游泳
* have a look 看一看 3)构成某些动词结构
a) have + 名(代)词 + 不带 to 的不定式
* I had Mary clean my bedroom yesterday. 昨天我让玛丽打扫了我的卧室。
* I won't have him mend my watch. 我不会让他修我的手表。
b) have + 名(代)词 + 过去分词
* The mother's having her baby hanged on her back. 这个母亲把她的小孩背在背上。
* The patient's having his temperature taken. 这个病人正在量体温。
* I have my homework finished. 我完成了作业。
* I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天理了头发。
c) have + 名(代)词 + 现在分词
* I had him doing the work all night long. 我让他整晚都工作。
* The workers have the machine running. 工人让机器一直运作。
* He had us laughing during the lunchtime. 他让我们在午饭期间一直笑个不停。
d) have (got) to 不得不
* We had to leave early. 我们非早些离开不可。
* They will have to pass a special test. 他们必须通过专门测验。
* I'll have to look after her at home tomorrow. 我明天必须在家照顾她。
* I have got to go. 我得走了。
* All of these have got to be chucked away. 所以这些都要被扔掉。
* We have got to admit that you are right. 我们不得不承认你是对的。
e) have got ( = have)
* I have got a headache. 我头疼。
* I have got no time. 我没有时间。
* You have got a loose tooth. 你有一颗牙齿松动了。
* Have you got a dictionary 你有字典吗？
* She has got the bag washed. 她洗了这个包。
助动词 do 的用法
1) 构成疑问句和否定句
* Do you smoke 你抽烟吗？
* I didn't know my own strength. 我不知道自己的力量。
* I don't know what to think. 我不知道该想些什么。
* Why didn't you tell me 你为什么不告诉我呢？
2) 加在动词前表示强调
* He did finish his homework. 他的确完成作业了。
* Do sit down. 务必请坐。
* She does work at home. 她的确在家工作。
* Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，千万要小心啊。
* I do hope you will stay for lunch. 我希望你能留下来吃午饭。
3) 表示刚提到过的动作， 以避免重复。
* “She likes cakes.” “She really does.”“她喜欢蛋糕”“她的确喜欢”
* He doesn't smoke but I do. 他不抽烟，但我抽。
* You like football but your brother doesn't. 你喜欢足球，但你的弟弟不喜欢。
* You didn't write to him, did you 你没有写信给他，是吗？
* “Does he like coffee ” “No, he doesn't” “他喜欢咖啡吗？ ”“不，他不喜欢” [注]do 也可作为实义动词用, 如:
* Have you done your homework 你做完作业了吗
* What are they doing 他们在做什么
* He's doing well. 他做得很好。
* These shoes won't do for climbing. 这些鞋不适合於登山。
真题训练:
(2014卷II·68) Then the driver stood up and asked, “_____ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop ”
思路点拨:
根据语境推断，如果谓语动词本该用一般过去时或第三人称单数时，却用了原形，那么其前面应填情 态动词， 或填强调谓语的do, does, did, 或填构成部分倒装的助动词do ， does ， did，或构成一般疑问句 的do, does, did。
考点归纳:
1. 疑问句结构： (疑问词+) be动词/情态动词/助动词(do, does, did) +主语+谓语动词+… 2.部分倒装句结构：与一般疑问句的结构相同。
3.谓语动词的强调式：当谓语动词为一般现在时，可用do或does来强调；当谓语动词为一般过去时，可用did 来强调。
4.有可能要求考生填it或that,以构成“it is/ was…that…”强调句型。
5.为避免与前面谓语动词的重复, 使用助动词do, does或did来代替。
考点练透:
1. He doesn’t smoke and neither ______ he drink.
2. This fish has a strange taste; ____ you think it’s all right
3. She didn’t understand, _____she
4. Not only ______ the sun give us light, but it gives us heat.
5. Only then _____ he realize that he had been wrong.
6. I said he would come, and he ______ come.
7. People ought to help, but nobody ever _____.
8. “_______Tom often play computer games ” asked Mr. Li.
9. It is because he works very hard ______he has made such great progress.
10. Who is ____ that should clean the classroom today
11. He is late. I _____ hope that he hasn’t met with an accident.
12. My parents think I didn’t study for my exam, but I ______ study.
13. Please! _____ be quiet for a moment!
14. We should do everything we _____ to protect the environment.
15. Lang Lang _______ play the piano when he was only three.
16. It ______rain, but anyhow I shall go out.
17. You ______ borrow this book as long as you promise to give it back.
18. It’s raining. Even so, we ______ set off.
19. Judging from his accent, he ______ have come from the north.
20. You ________ respect the views of others, and at the same time insist on what you think is right.2024届高考高三英语一轮语法复习——助词
目录
一 命题规律 最常用的助动词有： be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
二 备考策略 基本助动词只有三个：be, do, have, 他们没有词汇意义，只有语法作用，如协助构成 进行体，完成体，被动态，否定句，疑问句等
三 基本知识 助动词定义及基本用法
四 真题训练 近几年有关助动词的高考真题
五 思路点拨 如果谓语动词本该用一般过去时或第三人称单数时，却用了原形，那么其前面 应填情态动词，或填强调谓语的do, does, did, 或填构成部分倒装的助动词do ， does ， did，或构成一般疑问句的do, does, did。
六 考点归纳 1. 疑问句结构：(疑问词+) be动词/情态动词/助动词(do, does, did) +主语+谓语动词+… 2. 部分倒装句结构：与一般疑问句的结构相同。 3. 谓语动词的强调式：当谓语动词为一般现在时，可用do或does来强调；当谓语动 词为一般过去时，可用did来强调。 4. 有可能要求考生填it或that,以构成“it is/ was…that…”强调句型。 5. 为避免与前面谓语动词的重复, 使用助动词do, does或did来代替。
七 考点练透 再次巩固所掌握的知识点体系并能灵活应用
命题规律：
最常用的助动词有： be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
备考策略：
基本助动词只有三个：be, do, have, 他们没有词汇意义，只有语法作用，如协助构成进行体，完成体， 被动态，否定句，疑问句等。
基本知识：
助动词定义以基本用法
什么是助动词？ 协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动词。 助动
词自身没有词义，不可单独使用！
最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would 半助动词 功能介绍 在功能上介乎主动词和 助动词之间的一类结构，称为半助动词。
常见的半助动词有 be about to, be due to, be going to, be likely to, be meant to, be obliged to, be supposed to, be willing to, have to, seem to, be unable to, be unwilling to 等。
1.情态助动词包括 will(would), shall(should), can(could), may(might), must, need, dare, ought to, used to, had better 后接原形不定词。
2.情态助动词不受主词的人称和数的限制。
3.两个情态助动词不能连用。 中文:他将能够及时完成此事。 (误)He will can finish it i......
基本助动词只有三个：be, do, have, 他们没有词汇意义，只有语法作用，如协助构成进行体，完成体， 被动态，否定句，疑问句等。
助动词 be 的用法
1) 用于构成各种时态
* Who is playing the violin 谁在拉小提琴？
* Yesterday afternoon we were discussing a new plan. 昨天下午我们在讨论一个新的计划。
* Are you going home next week 你下周回家吗？
* I've been writing letters all this morning. 这个上午我一直在写信。
2) 用于构成各种被动语态
* The road is being repaired. 路正在修整。
* He's not respected by the press. 他们不受报界的尊重。
* Being told the truth, he decided to leave. 得知真相之后，他决定离开。
* The house was built in 1978. 这栋房子建于 1978 年。
* His money has been stolen. 他的钱被偷了。
3) 用于构成各种被动形式
* I saw him being taken away. 我看见有人把他带走了。
* How to avoid being hit by lightning 怎么避免被雷击呢？
* They have the misfortune to be hit by a violent storm. 他们不幸遇上了猛烈的风暴。
* A dinner is to be given in honor of the new president. 将为新校长举行宴会。
have 的用法
1. have 作助动词
1) 构成完成时态和完成进行时态
* He has not made up his mind yet. 他还没有决定呢。
* He has been a doctor for 10 years. 他当医生十年了。
* I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。
* You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天这个时候，你已经抵达上海了。
* By the time you arrive tonight, she will have been typing for hours. 等你今晚来到时，她已经打了几个小时的 字了。
* I have been studying English for ten years. 我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。
* John has been painting the door. 约翰一直在给门上油漆。
* He told them he would have finished it by 8 o'clock.他告诉他们他会在 8 点以前干完。
* No one in his senses would have done so. 没有一个神志清醒的人会这样做。
2) 构成各种完成形式
* You ought to have done your homework last weekdays. 你上周本该做你的家庭作业。
* You were supposed to have finished the work. 你理应已经完成这份工作。
* She admitted having done wrong. 她承认做错了。
* You are forgiven for not having heard of us. 你从没听说过我们，不过这也不怪你。
* Having finished all the tasks, we went to the cinema. 完成所有的任务后，我们去了看电影。
* Not having received a replay, he decided to write to her again. 没有得到答复，他决定再写信给她。
2. have 作及物动词的用法
1)表示所有关系
* The book has a simple premise. 本书有一个简单的前提。
* Will we have time to go there 我们将有时间到那里去吗？
* I have a beautiful dream. 我有一个美丽的梦。
* She has a little cat. 她又一只小猫。
* We had a wonderful time last night. 我们昨晚过得很开心。
* I have a fear that he will betray us. 我担心他会背叛我们。
* She'll have a day off next week. 下周她休假一天。
* You must have a cold today. 你今天肯定感冒了。 2)和许多动词连用表示动作
* have a class 上课
* have a meeting 开会
* have a birthday party 举行生日聚会
* have a swim 游泳
* have a look 看一看 3)构成某些动词结构
a) have + 名(代)词 + 不带 to 的不定式
* I had Mary clean my bedroom yesterday. 昨天我让玛丽打扫了我的卧室。
* I won't have him mend my watch. 我不会让他修我的手表。
b) have + 名(代)词 + 过去分词
* The mother's having her baby hanged on her back. 这个母亲把她的小孩背在背上。
* The patient's having his temperature taken. 这个病人正在量体温。
* I have my homework finished. 我完成了作业。
* I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天理了头发。
c) have + 名(代)词 + 现在分词
* I had him doing the work all night long. 我让他整晚都工作。
* The workers have the machine running. 工人让机器一直运作。
* He had us laughing during the lunchtime. 他让我们在午饭期间一直笑个不停。
d) have (got) to 不得不
* We had to leave early. 我们非早些离开不可。
* They will have to pass a special test. 他们必须通过专门测验。
* I'll have to look after her at home tomorrow. 我明天必须在家照顾她。
* I have got to go. 我得走了。
* All of these have got to be chucked away. 所以这些都要被扔掉。
* We have got to admit that you are right. 我们不得不承认你是对的。
e) have got ( = have)
* I have got a headache. 我头疼。
* I have got no time. 我没有时间。
* You have got a loose tooth. 你有一颗牙齿松动了。
* Have you got a dictionary 你有字典吗？
* She has got the bag washed. 她洗了这个包。
助动词 do 的用法
1) 构成疑问句和否定句
* Do you smoke 你抽烟吗？
* I didn't know my own strength. 我不知道自己的力量。
* I don't know what to think. 我不知道该想些什么。
* Why didn't you tell me 你为什么不告诉我呢？
2) 加在动词前表示强调
* He did finish his homework. 他的确完成作业了。
* Do sit down. 务必请坐。
* She does work at home. 她的确在家工作。
* Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，千万要小心啊。
* I do hope you will stay for lunch. 我希望你能留下来吃午饭。
3) 表示刚提到过的动作， 以避免重复。
* “She likes cakes.” “She really does.”“她喜欢蛋糕”“她的确喜欢”
* He doesn't smoke but I do. 他不抽烟，但我抽。
* You like football but your brother doesn't. 你喜欢足球，但你的弟弟不喜欢。
* You didn't write to him, did you 你没有写信给他，是吗？
* “Does he like coffee ” “No, he doesn't” “他喜欢咖啡吗？ ”“不，他不喜欢” [注]do 也可作为实义动词用, 如:
* Have you done your homework 你做完作业了吗
* What are they doing 他们在做什么
* He's doing well. 他做得很好。
* These shoes won't do for climbing. 这些鞋不适合於登山。
真题训练:
(2014卷II·68) Then the driver stood up and asked, “_____ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop ”
【解析】考查疑问句的结构， 由asked可知直接引语是一般疑问句； 由“at the last stop(在上一个站点)”可知， 谓语动词应用一般过去时，而lose是原形，故应填助动词Did，构成一般过去时的疑问式，注意句首首字母 要大写。
思路点拨:
根据语境推断，如果谓语动词本该用一般过去时或第三人称单数时，却用了原形，那么其前面应填情 态动词， 或填强调谓语的do, does, did, 或填构成部分倒装的助动词do ， does ， did，或构成一般疑问句 的do, does, did。
考点归纳:
1. 疑问句结构： (疑问词+) be动词/情态动词/助动词(do, does, did) +主语+谓语动词+…
2.部分倒装句结构：与一般疑问句的结构相同。
3.谓语动词的强调式：当谓语动词为一般现在时，可用do或does来强调；当谓语动词为一般过去时，可用did 来强调。
4.有可能要求考生填it或that,以构成“it is/ was…that…”强调句型。
5.为避免与前面谓语动词的重复, 使用助动词do, does或did来代替。
考点练透:
1. He doesn’t smoke and neither ______ he drink.
【解析】由并列句中的谓语动词的时态可知，用一般现在时，但主语是第三人称单数he，却用动词原形 drink，因此一定是填助动词或情态动词；因以否定词neither开头，用does构成部分倒装, 故填does。
2. This fish has a strange taste; ____ you think it’s all right 【解析】构成一般疑问句, 故填do。
3. She didn’t understand, _____she 【解析】构成反意疑问句, 故填did。
4. Not only ______ the sun give us light, but it gives us heat.
【解析】由后面的gives可知用一般现在时，而此处主语the sun是第三人称单数，谓语动词却用了原形(give)， 因此空格一定是填助动词或情态动词；又由后面的gives可知不用情态动词， 故填助动词；not only… but also… 连接两个句子时， not only句要用部分倒装，一般现在时主语是第三人称单数，故填does。
5. Only then _____ he realize that he had been wrong.
【解析】因以“Only +状语(then)”开头，要用部分倒装，又由后面的had可知，是一般过去时，故填did。 6. I said he would come, and he ______ come.
【解析】强调谓语动词come, 表示“真的”“的确”来了, 故填did。
7. People ought to help, but nobody ever _____.
【解析】替代动词help。句意: 人们应该帮忙的, 但却没有人帮, 故填does。
8. “_______Tom often play computer games ” asked Mr. Li.
【解析】构成一般疑问句, 故填Does。
9. It is because he works very hard ______he has made such great progress. 【解析】构成强调结构, 故填that。
10. Who is ____ that should clean the classroom today
【解析】构成强调句的特殊疑问句结构, 故填it。
11. He is late. I _____ hope that he hasn’t met with an accident.
【解析】强调谓语动词hope。意为：我真希望他不会遇到什么意外事故, 故填do。
12. My parents think I didn’t study for my exam, but I ______ study. 【解析】强调谓语动词study，表示：但我的确学习了, 故填did。
13. Please! _____ be quiet for a moment!
【解析】用于祈使句，加强语气，表示请求，可译作“务必，一定”, 故填Do。
14. We should do everything we _____ to protect the environment. 【解析】表示能力，意为“能够”, 故填can。
15. Lang Lang _______ play the piano when he was only three.
【解析】表示能力，意为“能，会”，由后半句可知用一般过去时，用can 的过去式could, 故填could。 16. It ______rain, but anyhow I shall go out.
【解析】表示可能性，意为“也许”, 故填may。
17. You ______ borrow this book as long as you promise to give it back. 【解析】表示允许，意为“可以”, 故填may。
18. It’s raining. Even so, we ______ set off.
【解析】表示由于有必要或很重要， 或由于有命令或规定“必须”做某事。句意：即便下雨， 我们也必须动身, 故填must。
19. Judging from his accent, he ______ have come from the north. 【解析】表示猜测，意为“一定，准是”, 故填must。
20. You ________ respect the views of others, and at the same time insist on what you think is right. 【解析】表示“应该”。句意：你应该尊重别人的观点，同时坚持你认为正确的事情, 故填should。
