简答题解题指导
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课件32张PPT。探究高考新题型阅读简答题(Reading And Answering)Lead-in:Difficult?How?Some skills?高考英语阅读简答题简介 (Brief Introduction)阅读简答题是２００7年来湖南高考英语出现的一种新题型。它的出现体现着增加主观题﹑减少客观题这一全球语言测试的大方向。
其体裁主要是说明文﹑议论文和新闻，词数在260-310之间。占6分，要求学生在5-7分钟内完成。高考英语阅读简答题考查要求 (Requirements) 73、考查学生对词语猜测能力—词义猜测题
74、考查学生对具体细节问题或难句的确切理解能力—事实细节题
75、考查学生综合主题概括信息的能
力—主题概括题 解题步骤(Steps) ⒈浏览问题,划出问题关键词
⒉带着问题速读文章,根据试题
关键词定位答题信息
⒊推敲理解信息句,遣词组句答
问题⑴采用转换词性、采用单词代短语
或语句,提炼主要信息舍弃次要
信息等方法精简语句;
⑵采用概括性的语句归纳信息句;
⑶采用文章上下文中的有关提示语
或信息句中的关键词作答.若用自己
的语言组织表达时,则要注意句子结
构的精炼、完整和时态的正确.
答问技巧(Skills)⒈词义猜测题
⑴答题时所用词必须与问题中的原词在词性和词的形式上均要一致(如动词要注意动词的过去分词和v-ing form;名词的单数和复数)。
⑵理解原词所在句的逻辑意义,如:
解释什么关系和修饰什么事物等。
⑶要注意破折号、同位语从句、定语从句、插入语等具有解释说明作用的语言成分,以此推敲猜测原词的意义,借此帮助寻找文中的替换词。
07年湖南 It has drifted across the Canadian
Artic and is now angling toward
Siberia. towardis angling 动词，朝…angling第二段找到信息句
…the north magnetic pole (where the Earth’s magnetic field is directed downward) is moving due to natural changes in the Earth’s magnetic field…” moving第三段 “the pole has been migrating at an average speed of about 10 kilometers per year” migratingangling :Moving or Migrating. 长郡（二）73. Find a word in the passage similar/ closest in meaning to the underlined word “groundbreaking”。信息句：They are trying to do something that’s pioneering ,and this is very similar to our work in Noah’s Ark.It takes a long time and it’s difficult, but this could be groundbreaking science if it works….groundbreakinggroundbreaking: Pioneering.pioneering长沙二73. Find in the passage a word
opposite in meaning to the underlined “harsh”. oppositeBut it’s too harsh to pillory (使公众嘲
笑)these young people in the media.信息句 What matters is that we make the loan system more friendly to those who need help.friendlyHarsh: Friendly.⒉事实考查题
⑴就目的提问,应当用表目的用语回答,如for短语,不定式短语;就原因提问,应用because of短语或because从句;就事件的可能性提问,常用简短而完整的简单句。
⑵提问词是what,多用名词或名词性短语、名词性从句来回答。
⑶提问词是how,则多用 “by doing sth/by means of sth.”来回答. 信息句If the north magnetic pole continues at its current rate, it could reach Siberia by 2056. （湖南2007）74. What could happen to the north magnetic pole by the middle of the 21st century(关键词)? (回答词数不超过8个) It could reach Siberia. by themiddle of the 21st centuryit couldreach Siberia2056 信息句 Although the Grand Canal is one of the two greatest man-made wonders that remain from ancient China….Being (It’s) one of the greatest man-made wonders left in China考前演练（一） 74.What makes the Grand Canal of China different from other cultural relics? (回答词数不超过10个）Whatdifferentone of the two greatest man-madewondersremain师大二75. What makes the weather conditions change quickly in the central and northeastern parts of the US?(回答词数不超过10个）信息句：Weather in the central and northeastern parts of the country is affected by cold air from Canada and warm air from the Caribbean. Cold air from Canada and warm air from the Caribbean.Whatchange quicklycold airwarm air长郡二74.Why are some scientists trying to clone some animals?(回答词数不超过5个）信息句：Only about 1,000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone the animal and save the endangered species.To save the endangered species./ Because they are in danger./ Because some species face extinction.WhysaveTo saveBecauseBecauseto长沙市一中（三） 75. Why did London fail to be turned into one of the world’s most beautiful cities?(回答词数不超过9个）
信息句：Winter was approaching, consequently, it was necessary for the re-building to start at once.Because of the urgent need to reconstruct the city./ Because winter was approaching, the rebuilding should start immediately.WhyWinter was approachingstart at onceBecause ofurgent needstart immediately师大（二） 74. What’s the difference in winter weather between New York City and Los Angeles?(回答词数不超过8个）What’sdifference信息句：In the winter , parts of the country get cold and snowy while others stay warm and sunny. This is the difference between, for example, New York City on the East Coast and Los Angeles on the West Coast. Yet even the East coast has its warm places in winter, like Florida.One is cold and the other is warm.cold and snowywarm and sunny长沙二：How can loans be made easier
to repay according to the passage?
(回答词数不超过10个)Chinese banks and universities should think about making loans easier to repay by putting off their repayments for a year or more.Howby putting off theirrepayments for a year or more.By putting off their repayments for a year or more.⒊主题概括题
⑴此题提问方式有:
What is the main idea of the passage/text?
What is the passage/text mainly about?
What is the best title for this passage/text?
⑵回答此题的关键是抓住文章的主旨句。文章主旨句常出现在三个位置:文章首段; 一段末或二段首转折后信息; 文章末段。
⑶答题形式：简单句式和词组式（多为名词和非谓语动词短语）。（湖南2007）75. What is the main idea (关键词) of the passage? （回答词数不超过8个）The north magnetic pole is moving faster.Since the 1970s, this speed has increased to about 50 kilometers per year(75题信息句). this speedincreased考前演练一75. Which cities according to the passage, are located on the Grand Canal?Liaocheng, Hangzhou and Beijing.Which cities师大（五）75. What is the main idea of the passage?(回答词数不超过9个）Boys and girls behave differently because of biological differences./Biological differences make boys and girls behave differently.Recent research has shown that there are biological differences between boys and girls(75题信息句). biological differencesbehave differentlybiological differencesBiological differencesbehave differentlyWhat would be the best title(关键词) for the passage? (回答词数不超过4个单词) Tightening Airport Security.Airport security has been tightened after the terrorist attacks of September11(75题信息句). Airport security has been tightenedTightening 注意事项(Attention)⒈注意卷面,如拼写、大小写和标点符号。虽然回答只用一个单词或短语,但首字母也要大写,最后别忘了写句号。
⒉答句既要简洁又要规范且符合 英语语法(时态、主谓一致、非谓语动词、句子结构等)。
⒊答句注重完整性和准确性。切记答句符合规定的词数。2008高考阅读简答题命题趋势（Trend of 2008）
⒈文章词数会增至280-310之间。
⒉难度系数会略有加大。
⒊73题对词的考查（近义词或反义词）；74题是对 “句”的考查；75题对 “篇”的考查这一命题规律不会变,但75题可能是主旨题或推断题。 简答题的评分原则及标准
一）简答题要求学生在读懂文章的基础上，用正确简洁的语言回答问题。在评分时同时考虑内容和语言。每题满分为2分，最低分为0分。
二）给分标准
2分 — 答出全部内容，语言正确；
1分 — 答出部分内容，语言正确；
0分 — 没有答对问题。
三）扣分标准
1. 语言错误扣0.5分，每题语言错误扣分不超过0.5分（标点符号和大小写错误忽略不计）；
2. 涉及无关内容者扣0.5分；若答案中有互相矛盾的内容，则内容互相矛盾的部分皆不得分；
3.考生所给答案超过规定词数扣0.5分。如答案涵盖两个方面，而考生只答对其中一个方面时，答错的一方面则在扣除1分后不再以多余信息另外扣分，但其中如有语言错误则再扣0.5分.Thanks & Good-bye
其体裁主要是说明文﹑议论文和新闻，词数在260-310之间。占6分，要求学生在5-7分钟内完成。高考英语阅读简答题考查要求 (Requirements) 73、考查学生对词语猜测能力—词义猜测题
74、考查学生对具体细节问题或难句的确切理解能力—事实细节题
75、考查学生综合主题概括信息的能
力—主题概括题 解题步骤(Steps) ⒈浏览问题,划出问题关键词
⒉带着问题速读文章,根据试题
关键词定位答题信息
⒊推敲理解信息句,遣词组句答
问题⑴采用转换词性、采用单词代短语
或语句,提炼主要信息舍弃次要
信息等方法精简语句;
⑵采用概括性的语句归纳信息句;
⑶采用文章上下文中的有关提示语
或信息句中的关键词作答.若用自己
的语言组织表达时,则要注意句子结
构的精炼、完整和时态的正确.
答问技巧(Skills)⒈词义猜测题
⑴答题时所用词必须与问题中的原词在词性和词的形式上均要一致(如动词要注意动词的过去分词和v-ing form;名词的单数和复数)。
⑵理解原词所在句的逻辑意义,如:
解释什么关系和修饰什么事物等。
⑶要注意破折号、同位语从句、定语从句、插入语等具有解释说明作用的语言成分,以此推敲猜测原词的意义,借此帮助寻找文中的替换词。
07年湖南 It has drifted across the Canadian
Artic and is now angling toward
Siberia. towardis angling 动词，朝…angling第二段找到信息句
…the north magnetic pole (where the Earth’s magnetic field is directed downward) is moving due to natural changes in the Earth’s magnetic field…” moving第三段 “the pole has been migrating at an average speed of about 10 kilometers per year” migratingangling :Moving or Migrating. 长郡（二）73. Find a word in the passage similar/ closest in meaning to the underlined word “groundbreaking”。信息句：They are trying to do something that’s pioneering ,and this is very similar to our work in Noah’s Ark.It takes a long time and it’s difficult, but this could be groundbreaking science if it works….groundbreakinggroundbreaking: Pioneering.pioneering长沙二73. Find in the passage a word
opposite in meaning to the underlined “harsh”. oppositeBut it’s too harsh to pillory (使公众嘲
笑)these young people in the media.信息句 What matters is that we make the loan system more friendly to those who need help.friendlyHarsh: Friendly.⒉事实考查题
⑴就目的提问,应当用表目的用语回答,如for短语,不定式短语;就原因提问,应用because of短语或because从句;就事件的可能性提问,常用简短而完整的简单句。
⑵提问词是what,多用名词或名词性短语、名词性从句来回答。
⑶提问词是how,则多用 “by doing sth/by means of sth.”来回答. 信息句If the north magnetic pole continues at its current rate, it could reach Siberia by 2056. （湖南2007）74. What could happen to the north magnetic pole by the middle of the 21st century(关键词)? (回答词数不超过8个) It could reach Siberia. by themiddle of the 21st centuryit couldreach Siberia2056 信息句 Although the Grand Canal is one of the two greatest man-made wonders that remain from ancient China….Being (It’s) one of the greatest man-made wonders left in China考前演练（一） 74.What makes the Grand Canal of China different from other cultural relics? (回答词数不超过10个）Whatdifferentone of the two greatest man-madewondersremain师大二75. What makes the weather conditions change quickly in the central and northeastern parts of the US?(回答词数不超过10个）信息句：Weather in the central and northeastern parts of the country is affected by cold air from Canada and warm air from the Caribbean. Cold air from Canada and warm air from the Caribbean.Whatchange quicklycold airwarm air长郡二74.Why are some scientists trying to clone some animals?(回答词数不超过5个）信息句：Only about 1,000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone the animal and save the endangered species.To save the endangered species./ Because they are in danger./ Because some species face extinction.WhysaveTo saveBecauseBecauseto长沙市一中（三） 75. Why did London fail to be turned into one of the world’s most beautiful cities?(回答词数不超过9个）
信息句：Winter was approaching, consequently, it was necessary for the re-building to start at once.Because of the urgent need to reconstruct the city./ Because winter was approaching, the rebuilding should start immediately.WhyWinter was approachingstart at onceBecause ofurgent needstart immediately师大（二） 74. What’s the difference in winter weather between New York City and Los Angeles?(回答词数不超过8个）What’sdifference信息句：In the winter , parts of the country get cold and snowy while others stay warm and sunny. This is the difference between, for example, New York City on the East Coast and Los Angeles on the West Coast. Yet even the East coast has its warm places in winter, like Florida.One is cold and the other is warm.cold and snowywarm and sunny长沙二：How can loans be made easier
to repay according to the passage?
(回答词数不超过10个)Chinese banks and universities should think about making loans easier to repay by putting off their repayments for a year or more.Howby putting off theirrepayments for a year or more.By putting off their repayments for a year or more.⒊主题概括题
⑴此题提问方式有:
What is the main idea of the passage/text?
What is the passage/text mainly about?
What is the best title for this passage/text?
⑵回答此题的关键是抓住文章的主旨句。文章主旨句常出现在三个位置:文章首段; 一段末或二段首转折后信息; 文章末段。
⑶答题形式：简单句式和词组式（多为名词和非谓语动词短语）。（湖南2007）75. What is the main idea (关键词) of the passage? （回答词数不超过8个）The north magnetic pole is moving faster.Since the 1970s, this speed has increased to about 50 kilometers per year(75题信息句). this speedincreased考前演练一75. Which cities according to the passage, are located on the Grand Canal?Liaocheng, Hangzhou and Beijing.Which cities师大（五）75. What is the main idea of the passage?(回答词数不超过9个）Boys and girls behave differently because of biological differences./Biological differences make boys and girls behave differently.Recent research has shown that there are biological differences between boys and girls(75题信息句). biological differencesbehave differentlybiological differencesBiological differencesbehave differentlyWhat would be the best title(关键词) for the passage? (回答词数不超过4个单词) Tightening Airport Security.Airport security has been tightened after the terrorist attacks of September11(75题信息句). Airport security has been tightenedTightening 注意事项(Attention)⒈注意卷面,如拼写、大小写和标点符号。虽然回答只用一个单词或短语,但首字母也要大写,最后别忘了写句号。
⒉答句既要简洁又要规范且符合 英语语法(时态、主谓一致、非谓语动词、句子结构等)。
⒊答句注重完整性和准确性。切记答句符合规定的词数。2008高考阅读简答题命题趋势（Trend of 2008）
⒈文章词数会增至280-310之间。
⒉难度系数会略有加大。
⒊73题对词的考查（近义词或反义词）；74题是对 “句”的考查；75题对 “篇”的考查这一命题规律不会变,但75题可能是主旨题或推断题。 简答题的评分原则及标准
一）简答题要求学生在读懂文章的基础上，用正确简洁的语言回答问题。在评分时同时考虑内容和语言。每题满分为2分，最低分为0分。
二）给分标准
2分 — 答出全部内容，语言正确；
1分 — 答出部分内容，语言正确；
0分 — 没有答对问题。
三）扣分标准
1. 语言错误扣0.5分，每题语言错误扣分不超过0.5分（标点符号和大小写错误忽略不计）；
2. 涉及无关内容者扣0.5分；若答案中有互相矛盾的内容，则内容互相矛盾的部分皆不得分；
3.考生所给答案超过规定词数扣0.5分。如答案涵盖两个方面，而考生只答对其中一个方面时，答错的一方面则在扣除1分后不再以多余信息另外扣分，但其中如有语言错误则再扣0.5分.Thanks & Good-bye