2024届高考英语复习限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句课件（共31张PPT)

(共31张PPT)
Grammar
The Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
构成：
+ , +
关系词
先行词
She has two brothers, (who are working in the city).
+
其他部分
1.限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少
的定语,如果去掉, 主句的意思就不完整或
失去意义。
这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，
写时不用逗号分开。
限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。
如:
(1) What is the name of the tall woman who
is standing there
站在那边的那个女人叫什么名字
(2) Toronto is a city (that) I've always wanted
to visit.
多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。
非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切,
只是对先行词作些附加的说明,如果去掉, 主句
的意思仍然清楚。
这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开,
一般不用that和why引导。
非限制性定语从句中, 关系词不可省略。
如：
(1) Yesterday I met Professor King, who
came from the University of London.
昨天我遇见金教授, 他从是伦敦大学来的。
(2) He lent me a dictionary, which was just
what I needed.
他借给我一本词典, 这正是我所需要的。
1. She has two brothers who are working in the city.
她有两个弟弟在这个城市工作。
（意含：她还有其他弟弟。）
She has two brothers, who are working in the city.
她有两个弟弟, 他们在这个城市工作。
（意含：她只有两个弟弟。）
2.意义不同
Her brother who is now a soldier always
encourages her to go to college.
她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。
(意含: 她还有其他哥哥)
Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college.
她哥哥是当兵的, 他总是鼓励她上大学。
(意含: 她只有一个哥哥)
3. All the books that have pictures in them
are well written.
所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。
(意含:不带插图的书则不一定写得好)
All the books, which have pictures in
them, are well written.
所有的书都带插图, 这些书都写得很好。
(意含: 没有不带插图的书)
2. He will wear no clothes which will make him
different from others.
他不会穿一些使他显得与众不同的衣服。
He will wear no clothes, which will make him
different from others.
他不穿衣服, 这会使他显得与众不同。
3.大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词
往往为某一个词或短语, 而特殊场合非限制性
定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句, 此时非
限制性定语从句常由which引导。
如：
(1) A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much.
一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫，这事令我十分恐惧。
解析: 从语境可知，令我恐惧的内容应为中年
女子杀害了其丈夫这整个一件事,因此先行词
为整个主句，此时应由which引导定语从句。
(2) A five-year-old boy can speak two
foreign languages, which surprises all the
people present.
一个五岁的男孩会讲两门外语, 令所有在场
的人感到非常惊讶。
解析: 从语境可知, 令所有在场的人感到惊讶
的内容是一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语这整个
一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由
which引导非限制性定语从句。
4.连接词的使用
He didn’t pass the exam, that disappointed me.
which
This is the book (which / that) he lost yesterday.
The book, which he lost yesterday, has been found.
关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语可省，非限制性定语从句中所有关系代词均不可省。
关系代词的指代关系
指人 指物 在定语从句中的作用
Who
Whom
Which
whose
√
√
主语
宾语
主语 宾语
定语
√
√
√
宾语
指代整个主句
关系副词的指代关系
指地点 指时间 在定语从句中的作用
Where
When
√
√
时间状语
地点状语
介词+which
六.as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
相同点:as和which 都可以在定语从句里做主语,或者宾语,指代前面的整个句子的意思;
区别一: as 引导的非限制性定语从句相当于插入语,位置灵活;而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放主句后面　
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。
Smoking,as we know ,is harmful to one's health
Smoking is harmful to one's health ,as we know.　　
As is known to all, he is a hero.
= He, as is known to all, is a hero.
= He is a hero, as is known to all.
= What is known to all is that he is a hero.
= It is known to all that he is a hero. (that引导的不是定语从句，而是真正的主语)
区别二: as翻译为"正如" ,which翻译为"这"
as anybody can see 正如人人都可以看到的一样
as we all know 正如我们大家都知道的一样
as is reported 正如所报道的一样
as is known to all正如为大家所知的一样
As is known to everyone, the moon travels
round the earth once every month.
as +sb/sth+is 正如原来的一样
Don't move the computer desk,and please leave it as it is.在原地不动
as is the case 正如原有的情况一样
As is the often case，he was late again today．
as（it）often happens 正如所常发生的一样;
as (it) seems,
as (it)was pointed;
as (it) happens
Jack has won the first prize,as (it )often happens.
Tom has passed the exam, _______ nobody knows.
He came to my birthday party, ________ I expected.
He came to my birthday party, _________ I didn’t expect at all.
区别三：否定意义的非限制性定语从句不能用as引导。
which
as
which
区别四; such......as;so.....as;as.....as结构里,后一个as引导定从,不可用which.
He is such a lazy man as nobody wants to work with (as是work with的宾语)
He is so lazy a boy as nobody wants to work with.
(定语从句)
He is so lazy a boy that nobody wants to work with him.
(结果状语从句)
This book is not such as I expect.
Take as many jewels as you want.
We have found such materials as are used in their
factory.(as做主语)。
像…一样的，像…之类
比较
七:the same......as/that引导定语从句的区别
This is the same book that I lost yesterday(同类同物)
I have the same book as you lost yesterday.(同类不同物)
注意：
当先行词是the way ,作状语表“方式”时，关系词只能是that/in which/省略
错漏“摆”出
1. People are excited to meet Zhai Zhigang, he
was the first Chinese to walk in space .
2. Many Chinese will never forget May 12th,
2008, when a big earthquake happened in
Sichuan then.
3. Which is shown on TV, many children
suffered a lot from the polluted milk.
he
who
then去掉
Which
As
4. Lin Hao is a hero, who we should learn.
5. China got the most gold medals in the
Olympics, that makes people excited.
6. I dream of going to Beijing, which the 29th
Olympic Games was held.
who
from whom
that
which
which
where/ in which
who we should learn from
Hangzhou is a beautiful city, _____________
people visit the famous West Lake.
2. Beijing, _________ is the capital of China,
has a very long history.
3. ______ is known to all, he is the best student.
4. The young man had a new girl friend,
________ is a pop star.
which
As
who
where/in which
5. I should thank my teacher, with ______
help, I solved the problem.
6. He once worked on the Bird’s Nest,
____ _______ his son is proud.
whose
of
which
1. 不懂装懂, 一事无成。
He who knows nothing but pretends to
know everything, is indeed a good-for-nothing.
2. 甘当小绵羊, 迟早要喂狼。
He that makes himself a sheep shall be
eaten by the wolf.
3. 万事开头难。
It’s the first step that costs.
拓展
4. 千里之行, 始于足下。
He who would climb that ladder must
begin at the bottom.
5. 自满的人腹中空。
He who is full of himself is very empty.
6. 闪光的未必都是金子。
Not all that glitters is gold.
Thank You!