2024届高考英语复习定语从句课件（共48张PPT)

(共48张PPT)
The Attributive Clause
定语从句 (一)
Attribute (定语)
找出下列句中的定语。
修饰；限定
a lovely girl
developing countries
the man standing under a tree
He is an honest boy.
We love our country.
She is a beautiful girl.
The positions of the attribute:
（定语的位置）
1. She is a beautiful girl.
2. She is a girl with long hair.
3. She is a girl who is beautiful.
通常情况下，单个词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。
※ All the people present at the party were his supporters.（present 后置定语）
She is an English teacher.
We belong to the third world.
The books on the shelf were just brought.
Put the child in the sleeping bag.
I have an idea to do it well.
The boys playing football are in class 2.
The trees planted last year are growing well now.
China is a country which/ that has a long history.
The boy whose father is a teacher is a new classmate of mine.
The building around were badly damaged.
（
（
）
）
副词做定语放在名词之后
The students who don’t study hard will not pass the exam.
(
)
从句
主句
关系词
主句主语
复合句
=
主句
+
从句
一个主谓结构,是句子的主要部分
另一个/ 一个以上的主谓结构,只在句子中做某个成分
主语，宾语，表语，定语，同位语，状语
由连接词连接两个或多个主谓结构的句子
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做
　定语从句，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句。
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“ 先行词 ”。
引导定语从句的词叫“ 关系词 ”。
He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.
定语从句
先行词
关系代词
关系词
关系副词:where, when, why
定语从句
关系代词：
who, whom, whose, which, that, as
定语从句的位置
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰词之后。
e.g. This is the car which he bought last year.
先行词
定语从句
关系代词
(antecedent)
(relative pronoun)
(the attributive clause)
1. 引导定语从句。
2. 代替先行词。
3. 在定语从句中担当一个成分。
关系词的三个作用:
确定关系代词的步骤
1.先找先行词，
2.看先行词指的是人还是物。
3.看先行词(关系词)在从句中充当的成分。
The man who/ that visited our class yesterday is from china.
He is the man who/ that is reading a book over there.
The girl (who/ that/ whom) we saw yesterday was Jim.
The person (who/ that / whom) you just talked to is Mr Li.
找出关系词，先行词，以及先行词（连接词）在从句中做什么成分
『
『
『
『
』
』
』
』
先行词：人 who that whom
主语
宾语
主语
宾语
宾语
主语
主语
宾语
宾语
做宾语可省略
1. The boy__________ broke the window is called Tom.
2. The man_______________ I nodded to is Mr Li.
3. She is the only one among us___________ knows French.
4. I know the man___________ spoke to you just now.
5. The man _______________ you are waiting for is coming.
who/ that
(who/ that/ whom)
who/ that
who/that
(who/ that/ whom)
The car which/ that is red was damaged yesterday.
The train which/ that has just left is for Beijing.
The radio (which/ that) he is using is made in China.
The question (which/ that) I don’t understand is about grammar.
先行词：物 which that
主语
宾语
主语
宾语
做宾语可省略
『
『
『
『
』
』
』
』
主语
主语
宾语
宾语
This is the car____________ he bought last year.
I’m not interested in the book______________ has just been published.
They planted some trees ____________ didn’t need much water.
The fish ____________ we bought this morning were not fresh.
The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring _____________he had lost on the train.
(which/ that)
which/ that
which/ that
(which/ that)
(which/ that)
This is the book whose cover is red.
= This is the book the cover of which is red.
= This is the book of which the cover is red.
= This is the book, and the cover of it is red.
This is the scientist ____________ name is known all over the world.
I know the person__________ house was destroyed in the earthquake.
He lives in a room __________ window faces south.
He lives in a room, the window of __________ faces south.
He lives in a room and the window of ______ faces south.
whose
whose
whose
which
it
The usage of the relative pronoun
关系代词 指代 在定语从句中所充当的成分
人 物 句子 主语 宾语 定语
who
whom
which
that
whose
The man who/that was smoking is my father.
The author (whom/who/that) you love is my good friend.
He changed his mind, which made me very angry.
A plane is a machine which/ that can fly.
This is the pen (which/that) he bought yesterday.
The house whose windows are broken is empty.
Do you know the man whose car was stolen
一、that和which用法的区别
(1) 先行词为表示“物”的all, everything, nothing, something, anything, few, little, much，some, the one,none等不定代词时。
I am sure she has something _____ you can borrow.
(2)先行词被和不定代词有关的词all, every, some,any ，one,few,any, no,little, much等修饰时。
I’ ve read all the books _____ you lend me.
1、能用that不用which的情况
(that)
(that)
Do you have anything _____ you don’t understand
(that)
Please send us any information _____ you have about the subject.
(that)
(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时，指物只能用that。
This is the first boy ____ she has met .
(who/that/whom)
It is the most beautiful city _____ I’ve ever seen.
（that）
(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last强调修饰时，指物时只能用that。
This is the very book _____ belongs to him.
that
He is the only person _____ was present at the time.
that/who
She's the first person ______ expressed love for my writing .
who/that
主句是以which / who开头的疑问句时。
Who is the girl _____ drove the car
which is the hotel _____ he stayed in last night
(7) 主句以there be ,且先行词表示“物”引导时。
There are more than 4000 houses _____ were destroyed in the earthquake.
(5)先行词既有人又有物时。
The famous writer and his works _____ the radio broadcast are popular with the students.
that
that
that
that
(8)先行词是主句的的表语，而关系词也在从句里做表语时,不管先行词是人还是物。
He is no longer the boy _____he used to be.
(that)
(9)有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个用that。
They secretly built a small factory which produced
things _______ could cause pollution.
China isn’t the country _______ it used to be.
( that )
that
1.He did all / everything _____he could to help me.
2.Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine ___________you asked for.
3.This is the very thing _______ I am after.
4.We talked about the men and the things _______
we remembered at school.
5.He is the only man _______ can do the work.
They _____are playing on the playground are my students.
6.This is the first thing __________ I want to say.
7.He is the finest man __________ I have ever worked with.
8.Who is the man _______ spoke to you at the gate.
9.Which is the star _______ is nearest to the earth.
that , which or who
that
that
that
that
that
that
that
that
Practice
who
which/ that
(1) 关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）。
There are many trees __________ they can have a rest.=There are many trees ___________they can have a rest under.
2、只用which不用that的情况
(2) 在非限制性定语从句中(可以修饰一个先行词，也可以修饰整个句子)。
This is his house, ______ is 50 years old.(代替house)
Tom was late,_____made his teacher angry.(代替整个句子)
under which
which
that/which
which
The man _________ you spoke was a scientist.
to whom
(3) 有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用that，另一用which。
He bought an American magazine that could give him so much English knowledge and_______ could help him to kill time.
which
(4) 当先行词是that时。
The clock is that ______ tells the time.
which
二、只用who的情况
One ____ has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth.
The ones ____ laugh at the disabled are not good students.
Anyone ____ fails to finish the task should be punished.
Those ____ want to go to The Great Wall sigh up here.
He is the very one of the students___passed the test.(优先考虑one这个表示人的代词)
who
who
who
who
先行词是表示人的代词one, ones, anyone, anybody,
nobody, none, those时
who
3.在there be/live句型里，如果先行词是表示人，关系词用who.
(1)There is a young man outside _____asks for you.
外面有个想见你的年轻人
(2)There lived a king ____was unkind to his people.
从前有个对臣民不好的国王
who
who
三，定语从句的主谓一致原则
1.I ,who____an English teacher,like listening to light music.
2.He is one of the students who_______(like)seeing films.他是其中的一个喜欢看电影学生
3.He is the only one of the students who______(like)
seeing films.他是唯一一个喜欢看电影的学生
am
like
likes
4.She is the only one among the__writers who ___stories for children.
A woman, writes B women, write
C women, writes D woman, write
C
1) The man ______________ I saw told me to wait.
1. Fill in the blanks with who, whom, whose, which and that.
(whom/who/that)
2) Look at the boy and his dog _____
are coming this way.
that
Exercises
3) Tom is the first boy _____ left the room.
that
that
4) He saw a house _____ windows were all broken.
whose
5) You can read any book _____ I have.
This is the longest train which I have ever
seen.
that
2) The radio which I bought it last week
has gone wrong.
去掉 it
3) It was a meeting that importance I
didn't realize at that time
whose
2.Correct the sentences
4) Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase ,
the price of whose was very reasonable.
which
5. My father and Mr. Smith talked about things
and persons who they remembered in the country.
that
The usage of the relative adverbs:
关系副词 　指代 在从句中的作用
when=(介词+ which)
where=(介词+ which)
why=( for which)
时间
时间状语
地点
地点状语
原因
原因状语
Detailed explanation
1. when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词为time, day, morning, night, week, year, moment, period, age等，亦可用“介词+which”替代。
I’ll never forget the day when I first went to school.
我将永远忘不了上学的第一天。
先行词
关系副词
=on which
在定语从句中充当时间状语
We are living in an age ________many things are done on computer.
when
There was a time when
______________________
he danced to the Little Apple everyday. 曾经有一段时期
2.where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常为place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等，亦可用“介词+ which”替代。
Tomorrow I will go to the town
明天我要去___________那个小镇。
我出生的
where I was born.
先行词
关系副词
= in which
在定语从句中充当地点状语
我在我们吃午餐的那家餐馆里丢了钱包。
I lost my wallet in the restaurant ______________________.
where we had lunch
where wild pandas can be found
China is the only country
_____________________________.
中国是唯一一个发现野生大熊猫的国家。
where 引导的定语从句还可以修饰表示抽象空间概念的名词，如 case, point, degree, situation, position, stage, job…
What are some situations where body language is the only form of communication
在哪些情形下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式？
----What do you think of teaching, Bob
-----I find it fun and challenging. It is a job where you are doing something serious but interesting.
You reach a point where medicine can’t help.
你已到了药物无法治疗的地步.
3. why 指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，亦可用“介词for+ which”替代。
I really don’t know the reason
我真的不知道_________________原因。
他再次迟到的
why he was late again.
先行词
关系副词
= for which
在定语从句中充当原因状语
I didn’t tell him the reason______________________.我没告诉他我害怕的原因。
why I was afraid
并非先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词时都用when, where, why，若先行词在定语从句中不作状语，而是作主语或宾语，就必须用which或that。
Attention
We often think of the days_________
we spent together in the countryside.
先行词在定语从句中作宾语
Compare:
We often think of the days________
we worked together in the countryside.
先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于 on the days。
which/ that
when
This is the place ________he works.
This is the place____________
we visited last year.
where
which /that
先行词在定语从句中作地点状语
先行词在定语从句中作宾语
The reason _______he was absent yesterday is still unknown.
We believe the reason __________
he told us.
先行词在定语从句中做原因状语
why
that/which
先行词在定语从句中作宾语
判断方法
方法一：判断从句中的谓语动词。若是及物动词后面缺宾语，就用关系代词；若是不及物动词，就用关系副词。
方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中作什么成分，若作主语、宾语、表语，就用关系代词；若作状语，就用关系副词。
Thank you.