2022-2023 学年第一学期期末考试试卷
高三英语
注意：1.答题前在试卷和答题卡上填写好自己的姓名、班级、考场、座位号等信息。
2.请按照要求将正确答案填写在答题卡内。
3.试卷整洁，字迹清晰。
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分 40分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
OPENINGS AND PREVIEWS
Animals Out of Paper
Yolo！Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami(折纸术) artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio. Merri Milwe directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 12. (West Park Presbyterian Church, 165 W. 86th St. 212-868-4444.)
The Audience
Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan, about Queen Elizabeth II of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb. 14.(Schoenfeld, 236 W. 45th St. 212-239-6200.)
Hamilton
Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story. Thomas Kail directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 17.(Public, 425 Lafayette St. 212-967-7555.)
On the Twentieth Century
Kristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie star’s love during a cross-country train journey. Scott Ellis directs, for Roundabout Theatre Company. Previews begin Feb. 12.(American Airlines Theatre, 227 W. 42nd St. 212-719-1300.)
1. What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about
A. A type of art. B. A teenager’s studio.
C. A great teacher. D. A group of animals.
2. Who is the director of The Audience
A. Helen Mirren. B. Peter Morgan.
C. Dylan Baker. D. Stephen Daldry.
3. Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history
A. Animals Out of Paper. B. The Audience.
C. Hamilton. D. On the Twentieth Century.
B
During the COVID-19 pandemic, many people under lockdown feel lonely and bored. “There is a loneliness epidemic,” said John Dattilo from Pennsylvania State University, US. So he, together with an international team of researchers, studied how to reduce loneliness and increase positive feelings during the pandemic.
According to their new study, reducing loneliness has something to do with doing enjoyable activities that require both concentration (注意力) and skill. When people are absorbed in what they are doing, they enter a state called “flow”, Dattilo explained. “Flow can be achieved by doing activities that we value and that requires us to concentrate fully to use our skills.”
To achieve a state of flow, there must be a balance between the challenge of the task and your skill level. For example, if you’re trying to create a complex (复杂的) computer program but your skill level is low, then you’re likely to feel stressed instead of achieving “flow”. On the contrary(相反地), if the task is too easy, then boredom will set in and “flow” will not appear, either. If you have artistic skills, for example, playing the piano or painting can lead to flow. So can things like skiing, writing and storytelling, depending on who you are.
“When we center a state of flow we become focused, and we experience momentary enjoyment,” Dattilo said. “When we leave a state of flow, we are often surprised by how much time has passed.” However, watching television usually doesn’t help people enter flow, according to Dattilo, because there aren’t any challenges.
“People tend to thrive (茁壮成长) on healthy activities and challenge,” said Dattilo. “We hope this research will help people live fuller, happier, healthier lives”.
4. What did Dattilo study
A. Why people feel lonely. B. How to reduce loneliness.
C. What enjoyable activities arc. D. Why people like a new challenge.
5. What does the underlined phrase “are absorbed in” probably mean
A. Are good at. B. Are proud of.
C. Are focused on. D. Arc relaxed about.
6. How do people feel when they enter the “flow” state
A. They are lonely and bored. B. They feel stressed and tired.
C. They are concentrating and happy. D. They feel time passes slowly.
7. According to Dattilo, the following activities can help people enter the “flow” state except________.
A. playing the piano B. writing C. painting D. watching television
C
Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.
A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward.
Here’s how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers—17 in this example.
After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.
When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate(低估) a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value—sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction(小部分) of the smaller number to it.
“This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains, ”Dr. Livingstone says. “But in this experiment what they’re doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.”
8 What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them
A. They fed them. B. They named them.
C. They trained them. D. They measured them.
9. How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment
A. By drawing a circle. B. By touching a screen.
C. By watching videos. D. By mixing two drinks.
10. What did Livingstone’s team find about the monkeys
A. They could perform basic addition. B. They could understand simple words.
C. They could memorize numbers easily. D. They could hold their attention for long.
11. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A. Entertainment. B. Health. C. Education. D. Science.
D
What do former American president Bill Clinton and rock musician Pete Townshend have in common Both men have hearing damage from exposure to loud music, and both now wear hearing aids as a consequence. As a teenager, Clintonplayed saxophone(萨克斯管) in a band. Townshend, who has the more severe hearing loss, was a guitarist for a band called the Who. He is one of the first rock musicians to call the public’s attention to the problem of hearing loss from exposure to loud music.
Temporary(暂时的) hearing loss can happen after only 15 minutes of listening to loud music. One early warning sign is when your ears begin to feel warm while you listen to music at a rock concert or through headphones. One later is that an unusual sound or a ringing is sometimes produced in your head after the concert.
“What happens is that the hair cells in the inner ear are damaged, but they’re not dead,” says a physician and ear specialist Dr. Sam Levine. According to Dr. Levine, if you avoid further exposure to loud noise, it’s possible to repair the cells somewhat. However, he adds, “Eventually, over a long period of time, hair cells are permanently damaged.” And this is no small problem.
What sound level is dangerous According to Dr. Levine, regular exposure to noise above 85 decibels (分贝) is considered dangerous. The chart below offers a comparison of decibel levels to certain sounds. Here’s another measurement you can use. If you’re at a rock concert and the music is so loud that you have to shout to make yourself heard, you’ re at risk for hearing loss. That’s when wearing protective devices such as earplugs becomes critical.
Continued exposure to loud music and the failure to wear earplugs can lead to deafness, according to Dr. Levine. He states, “There’s no cure for hearing loss. Your ears are trying to tell you something. That ringing is the scream of your hair cells dying. Each time that happens, more and more damage is done.”
Levels of Common Noises Normal conversation 50 - 65 dB Food blender 88 dB Jet plane flying above a person standing outside 103 dB Rock band during a concert 110 - 140 dB
12. From Paragraph 1,we can learn that________.
A. loud music is a major cause of hearing loss
B. famous people tend to have hearing problems
C teenagers should stay away from school bands
D. the problem of hearing damage is widely known
13. What’s the later warning sign for temporary hearing loss
A. Your ears start to feel warm. B. You play saxophone for a band.
C. A ringing appears in your head. D. You listen to music at a rock concert.
14. The purpose of the chart at the end of the article is to show________.
A. a list of harmful sounds B. the effect of rock concerts
C. the noise levels of familiar sounds D. relationship between daily activities and hearing loss
15. Which of the following statements will Dr. Sam Levine probably agree
A. When your ears feel warm your hair cells are dead.
B. Listening to music of 30 dB is dangerous.
C. Many are taking the risk of losing hearing.
D. Doctors know how to cure hearing loss.
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Whether you are struggling with work, stress or badly images with body confidence, feeling constantly unhappy is an incredible, tiring state of mind. But there are simple ways to introduce a more positive mindset, according to a treatment expert, Richard Nicholls.
____16____
Keeping a personal diary is a great way of helping to gain a better view on things. Research has even shown it has similar benefits to asking professional advice from psychological doctors. But it needs to be done properly. Writing a journal isn’t about losing yourself in self-pity. ____17____
Learn “thought stopping”
Putting a “stop thought” in the middle of negative and positive thoughts will help focus your attention and give you more control over what your mind is doing. Next time you have an negative thought, shout very loudly in your head “STOP” for at least three seconds. ____18____Then replace the negative thought with the exact opposite.
Try mindful meditation.
____19____The key is not to put pressure on yourself and give up if you can’t meditate(冥想) for longer than 5 minutes. Stick with it, even if you are only getting in a few seconds at a time and your mind begins to wander. Persistence means you’ll progress from seconds to minutes with last mind-wandering in between.
Put yourself first.
If you are constantly putting everyone else before yourself, it can lead to low self-respect and deep unhappiness. ____20____, as you start placing value on yourself and put your own needs in the first place. It’s difficult, but the only way you’ll get through it is practise, and you also see nobody hates you for politely but firmly shaking your head.
A. Seek professional advice
B. Write in a diary
C. Learning to say no can fight against this
D. Write about an event that made you feel unhappy that day
E. Imagine something that represents a stop, such as a red light
F. Mindfulness is about learning to relax and be at peace with your thoughts
G. It’s a tool to help you see optional ways of thinking, feeling and behaving.
第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分60分)
第一节 (共20小题;每小题2分，满分40分)
阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek For them there’s something highly exciting about ____21____ someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably ____22____ at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies ____23____.
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was ____24____ as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our ____25____ research results in child developmental psychology ____26____ that idea. We brought young children aged 2—4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each ____27____ sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or ____28____. We then asked the child if she could ____29____ or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same ______30______ happened when the adult covered her own mouth: ______31______ children said that they couldn’t ______32______ to her.
A number of ______33______ ruled out (排除) that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects ______34______ the questions and knew ______35______ what was asked of them. Their ______36______ to the questions reflected their true ______37______ that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply ______38______ mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our ______39______ suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blan over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method ______40______ when others use it.
21. A. following B. taking C. escaping D. directing
22. A. clever B. bad C. scared D. quick
23. A. exposed B. examined C. untouched D. imbalanced
24. A. supported B. guaranteed C. imagined D. explained
25. A. disappointing B. mixed C. surprising D. desired
26. A. explained B. confirmed C. contradicted (矛盾) D. tested
27. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor
28. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears
29. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool
30. A. event B. thing C. action D. accident
31. A. Yet B. Now C. Soon D. Once
32. A. speak B. listen C. turn D. wave
33. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D. assumptions(假设)
34. A. understood B. predicted C. explored D. ignored
35. A. partly B. honestly C. vaguely (模糊地) D. exactly
36. A. responses B. approaches C. contribution D. sensitivity
37. A. ability B. belief C. identity D. purpose
38. A. hold back (阻止) B. relate to C. insist on D. make up
39. A. limitations B. requirements C. theories D. findings
40. A. tentative (试探性的) B. impressive C. creative D. effective
第二节 (共10小题;每小题2分，满分20分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Besides the Tibetan costumes, Urgyen Drolma, a 76-year-old Tibetan woman from Southwest China, has become familiar ____41____ making other ethnic (民族的)clothes since new members from other ethnic groups came into her family.
The Tibetan woman is from Qibie village in Tacheng town of Yunnan Province. Her family has 25 members with____42____(difference)ethnic backgrounds. She has been making traditional costumes since 1966. Over the decades, she ____43____(form)her own unique style. She established a cooperative ____44____(develop)the ethnic costume industry in 2016, registering her own brand and inviting several ____45____(villager)to join.
Habits differ in the family according to ethnic group, ____46____ everyone lives in harmony. Urgyen Drolma said that she lived an ____47____(extreme)poor life in the old days and did not have enough food. “At that time, many people could not go to school, but now, no matter which ethnic group you are from, you can receive a modern education,” said her daughter. “Education, ____48____ helps broaden people’s horizons, makes ____49____(they)better understand the life and culture of other ethnic groups. This ____50____(explain)why the life of our family or other families in Tacheng is so harmonious despite ethnic differences,” she said.
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分 50 分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题2分，满分20分)
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(^)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
We all know that cycling is a greatly exercise. A doctor tells me people who lives the longest are dancers and cyclists. Maybe it is because the combination of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise. Whether you ride a bicycle, you don’t use petrol. So they are not producing carbon dioxide and not cause air pollution. Just see how cars have been taken over our cities. They often run at high speeds, what may put our lives in danger. And there were traffic jams, too. Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with bicycle.
第二节 书面表达(满分30分)
52. 现在全世界都在倡导“低碳生活”（low-carbon life）, 低碳生活对我们大家都有好处, 请你写一封倡议书， 号召同学们改变生活方式，践行绿色低碳的理念。内容：
1.倡议理由；
2.具体做法：随手关灯，节约用电；走路或骑自行车，少乘汽车；重复利用生活用品等。
注意：1.词数100 词左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
参考词汇：对……有好处 be beneficial to 骑自行车 ride a bike 有影响make a difference 保护环境 protect environment 过一种低碳生活 live a low-carbon life 重复使用reuse
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2022-2023 学年第一学期期末考试试卷
高三英语
注意：1.答题前在试卷和答题卡上填写好自己的姓名、班级、考场、座位号等信息。
2.请按照要求将正确答案填写在答题卡内。
3.试卷整洁，字迹清晰。
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分 40分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
OPENINGS AND PREVIEWS
Animals Out of Paper
Yolo！Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami(折纸术) artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio. Merri Milwe directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 12. (West Park Presbyterian Church, 165 W. 86th St. 212-868-4444.)
The Audience
Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan, about Queen Elizabeth II of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb. 14.(Schoenfeld, 236 W. 45th St. 212-239-6200.)
Hamilton
Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story. Thomas Kail directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 17.(Public, 425 Lafayette St. 212-967-7555.)
On the Twentieth Century
Kristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie star’s love during a cross-country train journey. Scott Ellis directs, for Roundabout Theatre Company. Previews begin Feb. 12.(American Airlines Theatre, 227 W. 42nd St. 212-719-1300.)
1. What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about
A. A type of art. B. A teenager’s studio.
C. A great teacher. D. A group of animals.
2. Who is the director of The Audience
A. Helen Mirren. B. Peter Morgan.
C. Dylan Baker. D. Stephen Daldry.
3. Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history
A. Animals Out of Paper. B. The Audience.
C. Hamilton. D. On the Twentieth Century.
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。介绍了四场演出的主要内容，导演，时间，地点等信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据话剧Animals Out of Paper中的Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami(折纸术) artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio.可知，Rajiv Joseph创作的的话剧是关于折纸的一种艺术。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据话剧The Audience的Stephen Daldry directs.可知，本剧是Stephen Daldry导演的。故选D。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据音乐剧Hamilton 的Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story.可知，该剧的主题是美国的诞生，由此可知，如果你对美国历史感兴趣，你可以看这部音乐剧。故选C。
B
During the COVID-19 pandemic, many people under lockdown feel lonely and bored. “There is a loneliness epidemic,” said John Dattilo from Pennsylvania State University, US. So he, together with an international team of researchers, studied how to reduce loneliness and increase positive feelings during the pandemic.
According to their new study, reducing loneliness has something to do with doing enjoyable activities that require both concentration (注意力) and skill. When people are absorbed in what they are doing, they enter a state called “flow”, Dattilo explained. “Flow can be achieved by doing activities that we value and that requires us to concentrate fully to use our skills.”
To achieve a state of flow, there must be a balance between the challenge of the task and your skill level. For example, if you’re trying to create a complex (复杂的) computer program but your skill level is low, then you’re likely to feel stressed instead of achieving “flow”. On the contrary(相反地), if the task is too easy, then boredom will set in and “flow” will not appear, either. If you have artistic skills, for example, playing the piano or painting can lead to flow. So can things like skiing, writing and storytelling, depending on who you are.
“When we center a state of flow, we become focused, and we experience momentary enjoyment,” Dattilo said. “When we leave a state of flow, we are often surprised by how much time has passed.” However, watching television usually doesn’t help people enter flow, according to Dattilo, because there aren’t any challenges.
“People tend to thrive (茁壮成长) on healthy activities and challenge,” said Dattilo. “We hope this research will help people live fuller, happier, healthier lives”.
4. What did Dattilo study
A. Why people feel lonely. B. How to reduce loneliness.
C. What enjoyable activities arc. D. Why people like a new challenge.
5. What does the underlined phrase “are absorbed in” probably mean
A. Are good at. B. Are proud of.
C. Are focused on. D. Arc relaxed about.
6. How do people feel when they enter the “flow” state
A. They are lonely and bored. B. They feel stressed and tired.
C. They are concentrating and happy. D. They feel time passes slowly.
7. According to Dattilo, the following activities can help people enter the “flow” state except________.
A. playing the piano B. writing C. painting D. watching television
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. C 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Dattilo与一个国际研究团队一起进行了如何减少疫情期间人们的孤独情绪的研究，他们认为，做令人愉快的有挑战性的事情使人们进入心流状态能使人们减少孤独。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“So he, together with an international team of researchers, studied how to reduce loneliness and increase positive feelings during the pandemic.(因此，他与一个国际研究团队一起研究了如何在大流行期间减少孤独感并增加积极情绪)”可知，Dattilo所进行的研究是如何减少孤独的研究。故选B。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“According to their new study, reducing loneliness has something to do with doing enjoyable activities that require both concentration (注意力) and skill.(根据他们的新研究，减少孤独感与做一些既需要专注又需要技巧的愉快活动有关)”以及后文“what they are doing, they enter a state called “flow””可知，进入“心流”状态需要专注，所以当人们专注于他们正在做的事情时，他们会进入一种叫做“心流”的状态，故划线词意思是“专注于”。故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““When we center a state of flow, we become focused, and we experience momentary enjoyment,” Dattilo said.(“当我们进入心流状态时，我们会变得专注，并体验到瞬间的快乐，” Dattilo说)”可知，进入心流的状态会让人变得专注并感到快乐。故选C。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“However, watching television usually doesn’t help people enter flow, according to Dattilo, because there aren’t any challenges.(然而，Dattilo表示，看电视通常无助于人们进入心流，因为没有任何挑战。)”可知，看电视不能帮助人们进入“心流”状态。故选D。
C
Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.
A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward.
Here’s how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers—17 in this example.
After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.
When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate(低估) a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value—sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction(小部分) of the smaller number to it.
“This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains, ”Dr. Livingstone says. “But in this experiment what they’re doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.”
8. What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them
A. They fed them. B. They named them.
C. They trained them. D. They measured them.
9. How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment
A. By drawing a circle. B. By touching a screen.
C. By watching videos. D. By mixing two drinks.
10. What did Livingstone’s team find about the monkeys
A. They could perform basic addition. B. They could understand simple words.
C. They could memorize numbers easily. D. They could hold their attention for long.
11. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A. Entertainment. B. Health. C. Education. D. Science.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。哈佛医学院的一位科学家领导的研究团队发现猴子能进行基本的加法计算。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward.可知，在对这些猴子进行测试之前，研究人员对它们进行了培训。故C项正确。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers—17 in this example.可知，当猴子触摸屏幕左边时，它们会得到7滴水或者果汁的奖励；当它们触摸屏幕的另一端（即画着圆圈的部分）时，它们会得到17滴水或果汁的奖励。由此可知，猴子是通过触摸屏幕得到奖励的。故B项正确。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.和第五段中的When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction(小部分) of the smaller number to it.可知，猴子会在超过一半的时间内选择更高的值，这意味着它们在进行计算，而不仅仅是记住每一个组合的值。所以猴子能够进行基本的加法计算。故A项正确。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。通读整篇文章可知，该文介绍的是哈佛医学院的科学家Margaret Livingstone领导的一个研究团队对猴子进行实验得出的研究结果，这属于“科学研究”范畴，故该文应出现在报纸的“科学”版块。故D项正确。
D
What do former American president Bill Clinton and rock musician Pete Townshend have in common Both men have hearing damage from exposure to loud music, and both now wear hearing aids as a consequence. As a teenager, Clintonplayed saxophone(萨克斯管) in a band. Townshend, who has the more severe hearing loss, was a guitarist for a band called the Who. He is one of the first rock musicians to call the public’s attention to the problem of hearing loss from exposure to loud music.
Temporary(暂时) hearing loss can happen after only 15 minutes of listening to loud music. One early warning sign is when your ears begin to feel warm while you listen to music at a rock concert or through headphones. One later is that an unusual sound or a ringing is sometimes produced in your head after the concert.
“What happens is that the hair cells in the inner ear are damaged, but they’re not dead,” says a physician and ear specialist Dr. Sam Levine. According to Dr. Levine, if you avoid further exposure to loud noise, it’s possible to repair the cells somewhat. However, he adds, “Eventually, over a long period of time, hair cells are permanently damaged.” And this is no small problem.
What sound level is dangerous According to Dr. Levine, regular exposure to noise above 85 decibels (分贝) is considered dangerous. The chart below offers a comparison of decibel levels to certain sounds. Here’s another measurement you can use. If you’re at a rock concert and the music is so loud that you have to shout to make yourself heard, you’ re at risk for hearing loss. That’s when wearing protective devices such as earplugs becomes critical.
Continued exposure to loud music and the failure to wear earplugs can lead to deafness, according to Dr. Levine. He states, “There’s no cure for hearing loss. Your ears are trying to tell you something. That ringing is the scream of your hair cells dying. Each time that happens, more and more damage is done.”
Levels of Common Noises Normal conversation 50 - 65 dB Food blender 88 dB Jet plane flying above a person standing outside 103 dB Rock band during a concert 110 - 140 dB
12. From Paragraph 1,we can learn that________.
A. loud music is a major cause of hearing loss
B. famous people tend to have hearing problems
C. teenagers should stay away from school bands
D. the problem of hearing damage is widely known
13. What’s the later warning sign for temporary hearing loss
A. Your ears start to feel warm. B. You play saxophone for a band.
C. A ringing appears in your head. D. You listen to music at a rock concert.
14. The purpose of the chart at the end of the article is to show________.
A. a list of harmful sounds B. the effect of rock concerts
C. the noise levels of familiar sounds D. relationship between daily activities and hearing loss
15. Which of the following statements will Dr. Sam Levine probably agree
A. When your ears feel warm, your hair cells are dead.
B. Listening to music of 30 dB is dangerous.
C. Many are taking the risk of losing hearing.
D. Doctors know how to cure hearing loss.
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了噪音过大导致的听力损失问题，说明了听力损失的不同症状以及日常噪音的的分贝数值。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Both men have hearing damage from exposure to loud music, and both now wear hearing aids as a consequence.(这两个人都因听吵闹的音乐而听力受损，因此现在都戴着助听器)”可知，嘈杂的音乐是使听力丧失的主要原因，故选A。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“One early warning sign is when your ears begin to feel warm while you listen to music at a rock concert or through headphones. One later is that an unusual sound or a ringing is sometimes produced in your head after the concert.(一个早期的预警信号是，当你在听摇滚音乐会或通过耳机听音乐时，你的耳朵开始感到温热。后期是音乐会结束后，你的脑海中有时会产生一种不寻常的声音或铃声)”可知，暂时性听力损失的后期预警信号是一个铃声出现在你的脑海中。故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“According to Dr. Levine, regular exposure to noise above 85 decibels (分贝) is considered dangerous. The chart below offers a comparison of decibel levels to certain sounds.Here’s another measurement you can use. If you’re at a rock concert and the music is so loud that you have to shout to make yourself heard, you’ re at risk for hearing loss. (根据莱文博士的说法，经常接触85分贝以上的噪音被认为是危险的。下面的图表提供了对某些声音的分贝水平的比较。这是你可以使用的另一种测量方法。如果你在一场摇滚音乐会上，音乐太吵了，你不得不大喊才能让别人听到你的声音，那么你就有听力损失的风险)”以及表格中“Rock band during a concert 110 - 140 dB(音乐会上的摇滚乐队达到110 - 140分贝)”可推知，最后的表格是为了向我们表明摇滚音乐会的不利影响，故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“According to Dr. Levine, regular exposure to noise above 85 decibels (分贝) is considered dangerous.(根据莱文博士的说法，经常接触85分贝以上的噪音被认为是危险的)”以及最后一段中“Continued exposure to loud music and the failure to wear earplugs can lead to deafness, according to Dr. Levine.(莱文博士说，持续听吵闹的音乐，并且不戴耳塞会导致耳聋)”和“That ringing is the scream of your hair cells dying. Each time that happens, more and more damage is done.(那铃声是你的毛细胞死亡的尖叫。每次发生这种情况，造成的损害就越来越大)”可推知，Dr. Sam Levine可能会同意“很多人有失去听力的危险”这一观点，故选C。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Whether you are struggling with work, stress or badly images with body confidence, feeling constantly unhappy is an incredible, tiring state of mind. But there are simple ways to introduce a more positive mindset, according to a treatment expert, Richard Nicholls.
____16____
Keeping a personal diary is a great way of helping to gain a better view on things. Research has even shown it has similar benefits to asking professional advice from psychological doctors. But it needs to be done properly. Writing a journal isn’t about losing yourself in self-pity. ____17____
Learn “thought stopping”
Putting a “stop thought” in the middle of negative and positive thoughts will help focus your attention and give you more control over what your mind is doing. Next time you have an negative thought, shout very loudly in your head “STOP” for at least three seconds. ____18____Then replace the negative thought with the exact opposite.
Try mindful meditation.
____19____The key is not to put pressure on yourself and give up if you can’t meditate(冥想) for longer than 5 minutes. Stick with it, even if you are only getting in a few seconds at a time and your mind begins to wander. Persistence means you’ll progress from seconds to minutes with last mind-wandering in between.
Put yourself first.
If you are constantly putting everyone else before yourself, it can lead to low self-respect and deep unhappiness. ____20____, as you start placing value on yourself and put your own needs in the first place. It’s difficult, but the only way you’ll get through it is practise, and you also see nobody hates you for politely but firmly shaking your head.
A. Seek professional advice
B. Write in a diary
C. Learning to say no can fight against this
D. Write about an event that made you feel unhappy that day
E. Imagine something that represents a stop, such as a red light
F. Mindfulness is about learning to relax and be at peace with your thoughts
G. It’s a tool to help you see optional ways of thinking, feeling and behaving.
【答案】16. B 17. G 18. E 19. F 20. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了培养积极心态的办法。
【16题详解】
设空句是段首小标题。根据段中“Keeping a personal diary is a great way of helping to gain a better view on things. Research has even shown it has similar benefits to asking professional advice from psychological doctors. But it needs to be done properly. Writing a journal isn’t about losing yourself in self-pity. (写个人日记是帮助你更好地看待事物的好办法。研究甚至表明，它和向心理医生咨询专业建议异曲同工)”可知，本段建议通过写个人日记来帮助自己更好地看待事物。B项“Write in a diary (写日记)”是本段内容的概括。故选B项。
【17题详解】
上文“Writing a journal isn’t about losing yourself in self-pity. (写日记不是让你在自怜中迷失自我)”提出对写日记不正确的认识，G项“It’s a tool to help you see optional ways of thinking, feeling and behaving.(它是一种帮助你看到可选择的思考、感觉和行为方式的工具)”承接上文，讲应该如何正确看待写日记，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。
【18题详解】
上文“Next time you have an negative thought, shout very loudly in your head ‘STOP’ for at least three seconds.(下次当你有一个消极的想法时，在你的脑海里大声喊“停止”至少三秒钟)”提出即时“停止”消极的想法，E项“Imagine something that represents a stop, such as a red light (想象一个代表停止的东西，比如红灯)”给出具体的建议，句中“something that represents a stop”与上文“STOP”相照应，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。
【19题详解】
小标题“Try mindful meditation.(尝试正念冥想)”提出正念冥想，F项“Mindfulness is about learning to relax and be at peace with your thoughts (正念是关于学习放松和与你思想和平相处)”解释何为正念，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。
【20题详解】
上文“If you are constantly putting everyone else before yourself, it can lead to low self-respect and deep unhappiness.(如果你总是把别人看得比自己重要，这可能会导致自卑和深深的不快乐)”提出把别人看得比自己重要会导致自卑和不快乐，所以要“Learning to say no... (学会说不)”，下文“as you start placing value on yourself and put your own needs in the first place.(因为你开始重视自己，把自己的需求放在首位)”进一步解释这样做的原因，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。
第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分60分)
第一节 (共20小题;每小题2分，满分40分)
阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them there’s something highly exciting about ____21____ someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
However we all witness that preschool children are remarkably ____22____ at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies ____23____.
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was ____24____ as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our ____25____ research results in child developmental psychology ____26____ that idea. We brought young children aged 2—4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each ____27____ sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or ____28____. We then asked the child if she could ____29____ or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same ______30______ happened when the adult covered her own mouth: ______31______ children said that they couldn’t ______32______ to her.
A number of ______33______ ruled out (排除) that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects ______34______ the questions and knew ______35______ what was asked of them. Their ______36______ to the questions reflected their true ______37______ that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply ______38______ mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our ______39______ suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blan over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method ______40______ when others use it.
21. A. following B. taking C. escaping D. directing
22. A. clever B. bad C. scared D. quick
23. A. exposed B. examined C. untouched D. imbalanced
24. A. supported B. guaranteed C. imagined D. explained
25. A. disappointing B. mixed C. surprising D. desired
26. A. explained B. confirmed C. contradicted (矛盾) D. tested
27. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor
28. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears
29. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool
30. A. event B. thing C. action D. accident
31. A. Yet B. Now C. Soon D. Once
32. A. speak B. listen C. turn D. wave
33. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D. assumptions(假设)
34. A. understood B. predicted C. explored D. ignored
35. A. partly B. honestly C. vaguely (模糊地) D. exactly
36. A. responses B. approaches C. contribution D. sensitivity
37. A. ability B. belief C. identity D. purpose
38. A. hold back (阻止) B. relate to C. insist on D. make up
39. A. limitations B. requirements C. theories D. findings
40. A. tentative (试探性的) B. impressive C. creative D. effective
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. D 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. D 40. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。学龄前儿童在玩捉迷藏的游戏时，通常表现出“顾头不顾尾”的滑稽样子。之前这种行为被解释为是“以自我为中心”的表现，但最新的实验结果表明，情况并非如此。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，避开别人的视线，让自己不被人看见是一件非常令人兴奋的事情。A. following跟随；B. taking带走；C. escaping逃走；D. directing导演。根据下文“someone else’s glance”以及常理可知，孩子们之所以喜欢玩捉迷藏的游戏，是因为当他们藏起来的时候，感觉自己能够躲避（escaping）寻找者的视线，所以非常紧张刺激。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们都看到学龄前儿童非常不擅长隐藏。A. clever聪明的；B. bad坏的、差的；C. scared害怕的；D. quick快速的。根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies ____3____.”可知，他们只用手遮住眼睛，而身体的其他部分很可能暴露在外，由此可知学龄前儿童不善于（be bad at）隐藏。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们通常只用手遮住眼睛，而身体的其他部分则暴露在外。A. exposed暴露的；B. examined被检查的；C. untouched未受影响的；D. imbalanced不平衡的。根据“cover only their eyes”和生活常识可知，学龄前儿童在躲藏时往往只捂住自己的眼睛，却把身体的其他部分暴露（exposed）出来。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：很长一段时间以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的“自我中心”生物的证据。A. supported支持；B. guaranteed保证；C. imagined想象；D. explained解释。根据下文“as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” creatures”可推知，长时间以来，儿童的这种无效躲藏的方式被解释（explained）为儿童是“自我中心”生物的证据。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这种观点相矛盾。A. disappointing令人失望的；B. mixed矛盾的；C. surprising惊人的；D. desired渴望的。下文提到研究结果与上文提到的人们之前的想法是矛盾的，所以是令人惊讶的。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这种观点相矛盾。A. explained解释；B. confirmed确认；C. contradicted相矛盾；D. tested测试。下文实验的结论得出孩子会这么做是因为坚持相互承认和尊重，由此可知这个结果与之前人们的想法是完全矛盾的（contradicted）。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个孩子都和一个大人坐在一起，大人捂着自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. parent父母；B. child孩子；C. researcher研究人员；D. doctor医生。根据上文出现的“young children”以及下文的“an adult”可知，此处指的是小孩子（child）。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个孩子都和一个大人坐在一起，大人捂着自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. feet脚；B. nose鼻子；C. hands手；D. ears耳朵。根据下文出现的“or hear the adult”可知，此处指的是蒙上眼睛或捂住耳朵（ears）。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们问孩子是否能看到大人或听到大人的声音。A. see看见；B. help帮助；C. reach到达；D. fool愚弄。根据上文出现的“who covered her own eyes”可知，此处指的是看到（see）大人或听到大人的声音。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当大人捂住自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：现在孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. event大事件；B. thing事情；C. action行动；D. accident事故。下文提到当大人捂住自己的嘴时，孩子们说他们不能和大人说话了，所以是同样的事情（thing）再次发生。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当大人捂住自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：现在孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. Yet然而；B. Now现在；C. Soon很快；D. Once一旦。上文是大人捂住眼睛，现在是大人捂住嘴巴，所以现在（Now）孩子们说他们不能和她说话。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当大人捂住自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：现在孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. speak说话；B. listen听；C. turn转向；D. wave挥动。根据上文“covered her own mouth”可知，因为大人捂着嘴巴，所以孩子们说他们不能与大人讲话（speak）。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些实验排除了孩子们误解他们被问到的问题的可能性。A. instructions指令；B. descriptions描述；C. experiments实验；D. assumptions假定。根据上文内容可知，这是进行的科学实验，但是一次实验肯定不能得出结论，所以进行很多次实验（experiments），排除了孩子们误解问题的可能性。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的小受试者理解了问题，并且确切地知道他们被问的是什么。A. understood理解；B. predicted预测；C. explored探索；D. ignored忽视。根据下文“the questions and knew”以及上文提到排除了孩子误解问题的可能性可知，孩子们是理解了（understood）问题的。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的小受试者理解了问题，并且确切地知道他们被问的是什么。A. partly部分地；B. honestly诚实地；C. vaguely模糊地；D. exactly确切地。根据上文“ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked”可知，孩子们误解他们被问到的问题的可能性被排除了，所以孩子们确切地（exactly）知道他们被问的是什么。故选D。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对问题的回答反映了他们的真实信念：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. responses回答；B. approaches方法；C. contribution贡献；D. sensitivity敏感。根据上文内容以及下文“to the questions”可知，此处指的是孩子们对问题的回答（responses）。故选A。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对问题的回答反映了他们的真实信念：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. ability能力；B. belief信念；C. identity身份；D. purpose目的。根据下文“I can see you only if you can see me, too”可知，孩子们真实的信念（belief）是：只有你能看到我，我才能看到你。故选B。
【38题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。A. hold back阻止；B. relate to与……有关；C. insist on坚持；D. make up弥补。根据下文“mutual recognition and regard”以及上文的实验过程和结果可知，孩子们在捉迷藏中的表现表明，他们只是坚持（insist on）相互承认和尊重。故选C。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究结果表明，当一个孩子把毯子盖在头上“藏起来”时，这并不是自我中心主义的结果。A. limitations限制；B. requirements要求；C. theories理论；D. findings结果。根据上文内容可知，科学实验有了新的发现或结果（findings），完全推翻了之前的结论。故选D。
【40题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，当别人使用这种方法时，孩子们认为这种方法是有效的。A. tentative试探性的；B. impressive印象深刻的；C. creative创造性的；D. effective有效的。根据上文孩子们和大人坐在一起的实验，以及上文出现的“this ineffective hiding method”可知，事实上，当别人用这个方法时，孩子们就会认为这个方法是有效的（effective）。故选D。
第二节 (共10小题;每小题2分，满分20分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Besides the Tibetan costumes, Urgyen Drolma, a 76-year-old Tibetan woman from Southwest China, has become familiar ____41____ making other ethnic (民族的)clothes since new members from other ethnic groups came into her family.
The Tibetan woman is from Qibie village in Tacheng town of Yunnan Province. Her family has 25 members with____42____(difference)ethnic backgrounds. She has been making traditional costumes since 1966. Over the decades she ____43____(form)her own unique style. She established a cooperative ____44____(develop)the ethnic costume industry in 2016, registering her own brand and inviting several ____45____(villager)to join.
Habits differ in the family according to ethnic group, ____46____ everyone lives in harmony. Urgyen Drolma said that she lived an ____47____(extreme)poor life in the old days and did not have enough food. “At that time, many people could not go to school, but now, no matter which ethnic group you are from, you can receive a modern education,” said her daughter. “Education, ____48____ helps broaden people’s horizons, makes ____49____(they)better understand the life and culture of other ethnic groups. This ____50____(explain)why the life of our family or other families in Tacheng is so harmonious despite ethnic differences,” she said.
【答案】41. with
42. different
43. has formed
44. to develop
45. villagers
46. but##yet
47. extremely
48. which 49. them
50. explains
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了藏族妇女乌金·卓玛通过制作民族服装让塔城的各少数名族和谐共处的故事。
【41题详解】
考查介词。句意：除了藏族服饰，来自中国西南部的76岁藏族妇女乌金·卓玛自从其他民族的新成员进入她的家庭后，就开始熟悉制作其他民族的服装。结合句意，此处为固定短语be familiar with“熟悉，通晓”。故填with。
【42题详解】
考查形容词。句意：她的家庭有25个成员，他们的种族背景不同。修饰名词词组ethnic background应用形容词，different“不同的”符合题意。故填different。
【43题详解】
考查时态。句意：在过去的几十年，她形成了自己独特的风格。结合时间状语over the decades判断用现在完成时，主语she是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has formed。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：2016年，她成立了一家合作社，发展民族服装产业，注册了自己的品牌，并邀请了几位村民加入。结合句意和句子结构可知，此处应填不定式表目的，即她建立合作社的目的是发展民族服装产业。故填to develop。
【45题详解】
考查名词的数。句意同上。villager“村民”是可数名词，被several修饰应用其复数形式。故填villagers。
【46题详解】
考查连词。句意：家庭习惯因民族而异，但每个人都和睦相处。结合语境可知，上下文为转折关系，应用but/yet连接。故填but/yet。
【47题详解】
考查副词。句意：乌金·卓玛说她过去生活特别贫困，并且没有足够的食物。修饰形容词poor应用副词。故填extremely。
【48题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：教育有助于开阔人们的视野，使他们更好地了解其他民族的生活和文化。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词education指物，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【49题详解】
考查代词。句意同上。指代上文people并且作make的宾语，应用they的宾格形式。故填them。
【50题详解】
考查时态。句意：她说，这解释了为什么尽管存在种族差异我们的家庭或其他家庭在塔城的生活如此和谐。空处为主句谓语动词，陈述客观事实，且主语this为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填explains。
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分 50 分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题2分，满分20分)
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(^)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
We all know that cycling is a greatly exercise. A doctor tells me people who lives the longest are dancers and cyclists. Maybe it is because the combination of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise. Whether you ride a bicycle, you don’t use petrol. So they are not producing carbon dioxide and not cause air pollution. Just see how cars have been taken over our cities. They often run at high speeds, what may put our lives in danger. And there were traffic jams, too. Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with bicycle.
【答案】1. greatly → great
2. lives → live
3. 在because后加of
4. Whether → If 或Whether → When
5. they → you
6. cause → causing
7. 去掉have后的been
8. what → which
9. were → are
10. bicycle → bicycles
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者表述了骑自行车这项运动可以带来的好处。
【详解】1.考查形容词。句意：我们都知道骑自行车是一项很好的运动。分析句式结构可知，需用形容词作定语修饰名词exercise。故将greatly改为great。
2.考查主谓一致。句意：医生告诉我，寿命最长的人是舞蹈家和骑自行车的人。分析句式结构可知，此处是关系代词who引导的定语从句，先行词people是集合名词，所以从句中谓语动词用复数形式。故将lives改为live。
3.考查介词。句意：也许是因为新鲜空气、流畅的运动和锻炼的结合。分析句式结构可知，because表示“因为”，后面接从句，短语because of表示“因为”，后面接名词、代词、动名词等作宾语，the combination of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise是名词短语。故在because后加of。
4.考查状语从句连接词。句意：当你骑自行车的时候/如果你骑自行车，你是不用汽油的。分析句意可知，该句是一个时间状语从句或条件状语从句，需用if或when引导；位于句首，注意首字母大写。故将Whether改为If或改为When。
5.考查代词。句意：所以你不会制造出二氧化碳，也不会造成空气污染。根据前一句中的人称you可知，这里假设“你”骑自行车，前后人称应保持一致。故将they改为you。
6.考查非谓语动词。句意：所以你不会制造出二氧化碳，也不会造成空气污染。本句时态为现在进行时，连词and连接两个并列的现在分词，构成进行时。故将cause改为causing。
7.考查语态。句意：看看汽车是如何占领我们的城市的。分析句式结构可知，主语cars与动词take over之间是主谓关系，应用主动语态。故去掉have后的been。
8.考查定语从句引导词。句意：它们经常高速行驶，这可能会危及我们的生命。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的一句话，在从句中做主语，应用which 引导。故将what改为which。
9.考查时态。句意：还有交通堵塞。根据上下文时态可知，本句应用一般现在时。故将were改are。
10.考查名词。句意：如果用自行车代替汽车，我们的城市将变得更好。bicycle为可数名词，由句中的cars和句意可知，此处应用复数形式。故将bicycle改为bicycles。
【点睛】
第二节 书面表达(满分30分)
52. 现在全世界都在倡导“低碳生活”（low-carbon life）, 低碳生活对我们大家都有好处, 请你写一封倡议书， 号召同学们改变生活方式，践行绿色低碳的理念。内容：
1.倡议理由；
2.具体做法：随手关灯，节约用电；走路或骑自行车，少乘汽车；重复利用生活用品等。
注意：1.词数100 词左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
参考词汇：对……有好处 be beneficial to 骑自行车 ride a bike 有影响make a difference 保护环境 protect environment 过一种低碳生活 live a low-carbon life 重复使用reuse
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear friends,
Low-carbon life is good for everyone. To help with the environment, I always walk or ride a bike to school instead of taking a car. Besides, I will try to use things that can be recycled and I never forget to turn off the lights when I leave the classroom. I think it's our duty to live a low-carbon life. And even the simplest activities can make a real difference to the environment. So I suggest we should reuse daiy items as long as possible. And we'd better not spend much money on expensive clothes.
If everyone does something for the environment, I believe the earth will be a better place.
The students’ Union
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。现在全世界都在倡导“低碳生活”(low-carbon life)，低碳生活对我们大家都有好处，请你写一封倡议书，号召同学们改变生活方式，践行绿色低碳的理念。
【详解】1.词汇积累
关闭：turn off→switch off
建议：suggest→advise
此外：besides→in addition
相信：believe→hold the belief that
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Besides, I will try to use things that can be recycled and I never forget to turn off the lights when I leave the classroom.
拓展句：Besides, not only will I try to use things that can be recycled, but also I never forget to turn off the lights when I leave the classroom.
【点睛】[高分句型1] To help with the environment, I always walk or ride a bike to school instead of taking a car. (运用了不定式作目的状语)
[高分句型2] If everyone does something for the environment, I believe the earth will be a better place. (运用了if引导条件状语从句)
