译林版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 2 Sports Culture 阅读课文及语法知识预学案(含答案）

新译林出版社高二选择性必修二
Unit 2 Sports culture 阅读文章及语法知识预学案(附答案）
一、课文（Reading）：The Olympic Games及同步分段翻译
The Olympic Games
奥林匹克运动会
Every four years, thousands of highly trained and talented athletes gather together in the spirit of friendship, solidarity and fair play, ready to test their abilities against each other in the hope of being recognized as the best of the best. This is the Olympics—an extraordinary sporting event that was
first celebrated about 3,000 years ago.
每隔四年，成千上万训练有素、极具天赋的运动员承着友谊、团结和公平争的奥林匹克精神聚集在一起，准备挑战彼此的能力，希望成为世界公认的精英中的精英。这就是奥林匹克运动会项非凡的体育赛事，首次举办于大约3，000年前。
[Subheading1]
The ancient Olympic Games began in the year 776 BCE. During the early Games, only Greek men were allowed to participate. They competed in such events as boxing, running and the long jump. The ancient Olympic Games were held at Olympia in Greece every four years for almost 12
centuries, until they eventually died out around the year 393.
首届古代奥林匹克运动会于公元前77年举办。在早期的运会上，只有希腊男子才被允许参加比赛。他们参加的比赛项目有拳击、赛跑和跳远等。古代林匹克运动会每四年在希腊的奥林匹亚举行一次，持续了近12个世纪，直到393年左右才最终停止举办。
More than 1,500 years later, however, the Games rose again. The modern Olympics were first held in 1896, in Athens. It was a Frenchman, Pierre de Coubertin, who brought the Olympics back to life. His dream was that the Olympics would help people of different racial origins and from different cultures live side by side in peace. For over a century, people from diverse backgrounds have made joint efforts to help realize Coubertin’s dream. Motivated by the Olympic motto ”Faster, Higher, Stronger”, many well-known athletes, both male and female, have devoted themselves to achieving sporting excellence and pushing the boundaries of human achievement.
但是1，500多年后，奥运会再次兴起。首届现代奥运会于1896年在雅典举行。是一位叫皮块尔德·顾拜旦的法国人使奥运会重现生机。他的梦想是奥运会能够帮助不同种族、不同文化的人们和平共处。一个多世纪以来，来自不同背景的人们共同努力，帮助实现顾拜旦的梦想。他们当中有许多著名的运动员，有男有女。在奥林匹克口号“更快、更高、更强”的激励下，他们力争取得体育运动上的杰出成就并不断突破人类成就的极限。
[Subheading2]
One such Olympian was the boxer Cassius Clay. He came to public attention during the 1960 Rome Olympics, when he won the
light-heavyweight gold medal for the USA, demonstrating great talent and personality in the process. Afterwards, this young man proceeded to become the world heavyweight champion in 1964, and later changed his name to the one we all know—Muhammad Ali. He returned to the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games to light the Olympic flame at the opening ceremony. By the time he died in 2016, Ali had been recognized as one of the greatest boxers of all time.
奥林匹克运动会上的知名运动员拳击手卡修新·克莱就是这样一位奥运选手。他在1960年罗马奥运会上引起了人们的关注，当时他为美国赢得了轻重量级拳击金牌，并在比赛过程中展现了过人的天赋和优秀的品性。之后，这个年轻人接着在1964年赢得了世界重量级拳击锦标赛冠军，后来改名为我们熟知的那个名字一穆军默德·阿里。他重返1996年亚特兰大奥运会，在开幕式上点燃奥运圣火。到2016年去世时，阿里一直被公认为有史以来最伟大的拳击手之一。
Another sportsperson that should be applauded is Jessica Ennis-Hill. Her story is a remarkable example of how hard work and devotion can lead to
sporting excellence. A former track and field athlete from the UK, she won an Olympic gold medal in her home country in 2012. As if that were not enough, she returned to the Olympics and won a silver medal in 2016, just two years after giving birth to her first child. In an interview she revealed that the secret of her consistent good performance was the training that she never missed.
另一位值得称赞的运动员是杰西卡-思尼斯-希尔。她的故事很好地例证了在一项运动中努力和投入可以让你出类拔萃。她曾是英国的田径运动员，并于2012年在祖国赢得了一枚奥运会金牌。似乎这还不够，她仅在生完一个孩子两年后的2016年，就重返奥运会，并获得了银牌。在一次采访中，她透露始终保持好的表现的秘诀是她从未停止训练。
[Subheading3]
The 2008 Beijing Olympics called on the whole world to join in the Olympic spirit and build a better future for humanity with the slogan “One World, One Dream”. In addition to hosting the Olympics for the first time, China also ranked first in the medal table. This success is truly remarkable if you
consider that just 24 years before, at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, Xu Haifeng won our country’s first-ever gold medal. Since then the upward trend for Chinese sport has been unstoppable. At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, Liu Xiang became the first Asian to
win the gold medal in the men’s 110-metre hurdles, while at the 2016 Rio
Olympic Games, the Chinese women’s volleyball team won a hard-fought victory in the final. The year 2022 will be another historic moment for
China, as Beijing won the election to host the Winter Olympics.
2008年北京运会的官方口号是“同一个世界，同一个梦想”，号召全世界一起弘扬奥林匹克精神，为人类建设更美好的未来。这是中国首次举办奥运会，也是首次登顶奖牌榜。想想24年前的1984年洛杉奥运会，许海峰为中国赢得了第一枚金牌，那么这种成功就显得非同寻常了。从那以后，中国体育的上升趋势就一直势不可挡。在2004年雅典奥运会上，刘翔成为第一个获得男子110米跨栏的亚洲人，而在2016年里约热内卢运会上，中国女子球队在决赛中赢得了一场艰苦的胜利。北京当选2022年冬季奥运会主办城市，于是2022年对中国来说将是另一个历史性的时刻。
The Olympic Games bring joy and excitement to people across the world. As Coubertin believed,“With the Olympic Games, each generation celebrates its advent, its joy of living, its faith in the future, its ambition and its will to ascend.”
奥林匹克运动会给全世界人民带来欢乐和兴奋。正如顾拜旦所说:“有了奥林匹克运动会，每一代人都在庆祝它的到来，庆祝它给生活带来的喜悦，庆祝它对未来的信念，庆祝它的雄心壮志和它向上的意志。”
二、拓展阅读Extended reading：Sports idioms是及同步分段翻译
Sports idioms
体育习语
Every language has its idioms, which are groups of words with meanings different from the meanings of the individual words. Idioms make language more colourful and expressive. Since sport is an inseparable part of day-to-day life, there are lots of sports idioms that have found their way
into everyday language. Let’s take a look at some of them!
每一种语言都有习语，习语由词组构成，其蕴含的意义往往不能从词组中单个词的意思推测而得。习语使语言更加丰富多彩，富有表现力。由于体育是全球文化的重要组成部分，日常用语中已经出现了许多体育习语。让我们来看看其中的一些体育习语吧!
Football
Football(or soccer, as it is called in the USA) is one of the most popular sports in the world and many countries have their own football leagues.
The English language is full of idioms which are thought to have come from football.
足球
足球( football，美国称为 soccer)是世界上最受欢迎的运动之一，许多国家都有自己的足球联赛。英语中有很多习语都被认为是源于足球。
As you know, in a football match, players try to kick or head the ball into the opposing team’s goal, which is the net between two big goalposts fixed to the ground. Can you imagine that every time you have a chance to score, the goalposts are moved That would be not only difficult, but also upsetting. If someone “moves the goalposts” in everyday life, it means they unfairly change the rules or requirements for
something. An insurance salesman who is about to reach his annual sales target, only for the company to make the target higher, could rightly
complain about the company moving the goalposts.
你可能知道，在足球比赛中，球员试图将球赐进顶进对方的球门，球门是固定在地上的两个大门柱之间的。你能想象，每当你有机会进球时，球门柱就被移动吗 这不仅很难做到，而且也是令人不快的。如果有人在日常生活中“移动门柱”，这意味着他们不公平地改变了某个过程的规则或要求。一位保推铺员即将达到他的年度销售目标，但公司却把目标定得更高，那他就可以理由充分地抱怨公司是在“移动球门柱”。
Thankfully, goalposts do not really move—but when a player scores an own goal, he or she might wish they did. “Scoring an own goal” in football means accidentally kicking or heading the ball into one’s own net, and it is one of the worst things that can happen to a football player. If someone makes a bad mistake which unintentionally harms their own interests, they are said to have scored an own goal. You might see this expression in the newspapers when the local council makes a decision which backfires terribly!
谢天谢地，足门柱并不会真正移动。一但当一名球员把球踢进自家的球门时，他/她可能会希望球门会移动就好了。在足球运动中， Scoring an own goal(进乌龙球)”的意思是不小心把球踢进了自己方的球门，对足球运动员来说，这是最糟糕的事情之一。如果有人犯了一个严重的错误，无意中损害了自己的利益，就被说成是“进乌龙球”。如果地方议会做出了一个完全适得其反的决定时，你可能会在报纸上看到这种说法!
Baseball
Baseball is an old and popular sport that has given the English language many different idioms. You might have heard expressions like “in the ballpark” or “a ballpark estimate”. The venue where a baseball game is played is called a ballpark. So, even if we do not know exactly where the
ball is during the game, we can assume that it is somewhere in the ballpark. For this reason, people use the expression “in the ballpark” or “a ballpark estimate” to talk about rough estimates.
棒球
棒球是一项古老而流行的运动，它给英语带来了许多不同的习语。你可能听过 in the ballpark(差不多)”或“a ballpark estimate(大致的估计)”这样的表达。举行棒球比赛的场地叫作 ballpark＂。所以，即使我们不知道球在比赛中的确切位置，我们也可以假设它在球场里的某个地方。因此，商业人士使用短语“ in the ballpark”或＂ a ballpark estimate”来谈论粗略的估计。
Another common baseball expression is“throwing someone a curve ball”. Curve balls are balls that suddenly turn in the air, and these are of course difficult for the other team to handle. We use this expression to describe things that are unexpected and difficult to respond to. “Three strikes and you are out” is another idiom that comes from baseball. As it suggests, in baseball this means that a batter (the person with the baseball bat in his or her hands ) is out after making three unsuccessful
attempts to hit the ball. This idiom is often used to talk about situations where people fail after wasting three chances.
还有一个常见的与棒球有关的短语是 throwing someone a curve ball(给某人出难题)”。“ Curve balls(曲线球)”是指在空中突然转向的球，这对敌队来说当然很难应对。我们用这个表达来描述出乎意料和难以回应的事情。“ Three strikes and you are out(三振出局)”是另一个来自棒球的习语。如其字面意思所示，在棒球运动中，击球手(手里拿着棒球球棒的人)连续三次都未击中球，就出局了。这个习语经常用来形容你错失了三次机会的情况。
Boxing
English also has a large number of idioms connected with boxing, which has been a popular sport for thousands of years. A boxer is not allowed to use his or her fists to hit the opponent below the waist. Hence comes the idiom “below the belt”. In day-to-day life, if someone makes an unfair and cruel remark, we can describe it as “below the belt”.
拳击
拳击是一项流行了几千年的运动，英语中也有很多与其有关的习语。拳击手不允许用他/她的拳头击打对手腰部以下的部位。因此就有了“ hitting below the belt(做不公正、伤人的事)”这一习语。在日常生活中，如果有人言论有失公平，过于残忍，我们可以用“ hitting below the belt来形容。
“Throwing in the towel” is another common idiom that comes from boxing. When a boxer is losing badly and is too tired or confused to give up on his or her own, the coach will literally throw a towel into the ring to end the fight. In everyday life, this idiom simply means admitting
defeat and giving up.
Throwing in the towel(认输)”是另一个来自拳击的常见习语。如果一名拳击手输得很惨，并因为太累或神志不清而无法自己认输时，教练就会形式意义上往台上扔一条毛中来结束比赛。在日常生活中，这个习语就是指认输并投降。
Sport is challenging and so is life. However, when you are thrown a curve ball, do not throw in the towel—work hard, be careful not to score an own goal, and you are sure to make it!
运动是具有挑战性的，学英语也一样。但是，当你遇到出人意料的事情(be thrown a curve ball)时，不要认输( throw in the towel)，-----努力，小心别闹乌龙( score an own goal)，你一定能获得成功!
三、语法知识预学案
Unit 2
过去进行时与过去完成时的被动语态
1、过去进行时的被动语态
（1）过去进行时的被动语态表示过去某一特定时间某事正在被做。如：
The road was being repaired when l got there
（2）过去进行时的被动语态构成形式为was/were being done。如：
The house was being cleaned.
The flowers were being watered.
2、过去完成时的被动语态
（1）过去完成时的被动语态表示过去某一时间之前已经被完成的动作。如：
He told me that the injured man had been sent to hospital.
（2）过去完成时的被动语态构成形式为had been done。如：
I found the meal had been prepared.
四、Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.
1 This interview was a follow-up to the one that______________(conduct) two weeks previously.
2 It was so noisy that I couldn't hear what_____________(say) on the phone.
3 I was still waiting at noon because no message of any kind_____________(receive).
4 -You took a taxi to the office yesterday. Why didn't you drive your car
-Oh, it___________(repair) because of a flat tyre.
5 Charles Dickens's novels__________(make) into many films over the past decades.
6 Despite the efforts made by both sides, the differences were too great and no agreement__________(reach) by the end of the talks.
7 Local residents were relocated to temporary accommodation while the construction work___________(do).
8 The price of the products went down partly because a new technique ___________ (introduce) to increase production.
附参考答案：
1. had been conducted
2. was being said
3. had been received
4. was being repaired
5. have been made
6. had been reached
7. was being done
8.had been introduced