Unit 1 How can we become good learners 期末复习知识清单

Unit 1 How can we become good learners
1. I study by worki ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng with a group. 我通过小组活动来学习。 by作为介词，用法很多。请仔细观察下面的例句，分析by的用法，然后补全结论部分所缺的内容。
1. Come and sit by us. by可表示位置，“在...旁边”，或“从…旁边(经过)”之意。
2. Peter goes to work by bus every day.by可表示交通、传递方式译为：“乘、骑”等。
3. Tony will come back by 10:00 pm. by可表示时间，“到(某时)之前; 不迟于”，
4. English is spoken by lots of people.by可用于构成被动语态，译为：“被, 由”
5. My brother studies ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) history by working with a group.by可表示借助某种方式或手段，常构成“ by+doing形式 ”。
【运用】根据提示，用含有by的短语完成各句。
1) Annie went to Beijing _______ (乘火车) yesterday.
2) His grandfather made a living _________ (靠卖水果) in the past.
3) The scientists have to arrive at the village _________ (八月以前).
4) Allen goes _______________ (经过邮局) on his way to school every morning.
5) The book was written ____________ (由几个工程师).
2. What about ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) reading aloud to practice pronunciation 大声朗读来练习发音怎么样？
aloud, loud和loudly：
aloud 出声地; 大声地。常与read/ call等词连用, 不用于比较级。
loud 大声地; 喧闹地。指说话声和笑声，常与talk/ speak/ laugh/ sing等词连用, 可用比级。
loudly 高声地; 喧闹地。可以和loud互换，含有“吵闹”的意思, 不悦耳。
1. Don’t read in the library. 不要在图书馆大声朗读。
2. We can’t hear you. Please speak. 我们听不到你的声音, 请再大声点。
3. People are talking in the room.人们正在屋子里大声交流。
3. It’s too hard to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) understand spoken English. 该句句型为: It’s+adj.+ (for sb.)+to do sth.“(对 某人来说)做某事是…的”。试译：
1). 保持健康太重要了。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
2). 学习两种语言对他来说很 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )难。
too ... to do ... 结构常表示“太…而不能…”, too后面接形容词或副词, to后面接动词原形。
如：1). 房间太脏了，不适合居住。
2). 他走的太慢了，没有按时到达。
将下面的句子翻译成英语。
1) 孩子们在那条河里游泳是危险的。
2) 晚饭后散步太有必要了。
3) 水太烫, 不能喝。
4. Why did Wei Fen find it difficult to learn English 【find用法归纳】：
find sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事 find it + adj. + to do sth. 发现做某事很……
find it + adj. to do sth.中的it是形式宾语, adj.做宾补, to do sth.是真正的宾语。
同类的动词还有think, feel, consider等。
1) I found it __________(interest) to talk with my grandfather.
2) I found it hard for me ___________ (improve) spoken English.
5. But I was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )afraid to ask questions because of my poor pronunciation. 【afraid用法归纳】：
be afraid of sth./doing sth. 害怕做某事(担心出现某种不良后果)
be afraid to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) do sth. 害怕去做某事(“怕” 或“不敢”去做某事) be afraid +that 恐怕……(礼貌 地说出令人不快、失望或感到遗憾的事)
6. Then one day I w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )atched an English movie called Toy Story. called=named 叫做，called Toy Story在此做后置定语. 【call用法归纳】：
call sb (up).=telep ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hone sb.=phone sb.=give sb. a call=ring sb. up 给某人打电话
call on sb. 拜访某人；call on sb to do sth号召...做...；call out 大声呼喊；
call at sp 拜访某地；call for 要求；需要
I discovered that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) listening to something you are interested in is the secret to language learning.
discover v. 发现; 发觉 指偶然或经过努力发现原来客观存在但不为人所知的事
e.g. Columbus America in 1492. 哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。
7. I also learned us ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eful sentences like “It’s a piece of cake” or “It serves you right.”
a piece of cake和se ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rves sb. right是英语中的两个习惯用语, 也可称作习语idiom(s)。同汉语中的成语类似, 习语是人们在长期的语言运用中约定俗成的一种固定表达方式, 其意思往往不是字面所表达的含义。a piece of cake表示事情非常简单、易于解决, 相当于汉语的“小 菜一碟; 小事一桩”; serves sb. right则相当于汉语说某人“活该”。
8. But because I wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nted to understand the story, I looked them up in a dictionary.
look up (在词典、参考书中)查阅; 抬头看【look用法归纳】：
look after 照顾 look like 看起来像 look out 当心, 小心往外看
look through 浏览 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com );翻看 look for 寻找 look forward to (doing sth) 期待
look around 向四周看 have/take a look (at) 看一看 look over 检查
动名词: 它是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。
基本形式: V-ing 作用: 动名词具有名词的性质，在句中可 以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。
动名词的基本用法
1. 用作主语:所表动作比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作。e.g. Playing with fire is dangerous.
注意：动名词做主语，有时先用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。
1) It is no use ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )/ good / useless + doing… 2) It is a waste of time + doing …
3) It is fun + doing … 在以上结构中常用动名词作主语。
e.g. It’s no use ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )crying over spilt milk. (覆水难收） It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。
2. 用作宾语
1)作动词的宾语,常 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )见动词有：practice, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, depend on, think about, succeed in, worry about, be used to, get used to, look forward to, pay attention to等。
e.g. How do you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) practice speaking I have to finish reading a book and give a report.
2) 作介词的宾语 1. I learn English by doing grammar exercises.
2. Shall we hav ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e a rest or get down to doing our work 3. He was late again because of getting up late.
4. Lock the door ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s and windows before going out. 5. What/How about the two of us playing games？
活学活用1. She can’t h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )elp ________(cry) after _________ (hear) the bad news.
2. Do you feel like _______(have) a break
3) 既可接动名词又可接不定 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )式的常用动词有：remember, forget, regret, mean, try等，但表达的意义不同。
e.g. I remember seeing her at the hotel. 我记得在宾馆见过她。(动作发生了)
I will remember to see her at the hotel. 我记着要去宾馆见她。(动作尚未发生)
remember/forge ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t/ regret to do 动作尚未发生; remember/forget/ regret doing动作已经发生
try to do 设法、努力去做，尽力; try doing 试试去做（看有何结果）
mean to do 打算做（主语一般是人; mean doing意味着（主语一般是物）
regret to do 对将要做的事抱歉; regret doing 对已经发生的事感到后悔
stop to do停下去做另外一件事; stop doing停止做手头的事情
3. 作表语：动名词作表语时句子主语常是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。
e.g. Your task ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。 (Cleaning the windows is your task.)
What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.)
4. 动名词的被动语态：being done.
eg. (被表扬)made him so happy.
5. 动名词的否定形式是：not doing.
eg. (没完成作业)will be blamed by the teacher.
6. 动名词的复合结构：动名词的逻辑主语＋动名词＝动名词的复合结构: one`s/sb doing sth. one`s/sb 称为
动名词的逻辑主语。
1). Would you mind （我开窗户吗）
2). I can’t un ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )derstand (Jack离开他的妻子)
9. I can`t always u ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nderstand spoken English. speak →spoke →spoken v. 部分动词的过去分词也可做该词的形容词：spoken 口语的 broken 坏掉的 written 写作的
10. I don’t know how to increase my reading speed.
“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语【注意】what to do后不需要跟宾语how to do后必须跟宾语
【拓展】“疑问词+动词不定式”结构：
know，tell, wonder, ask, find out, learn + what,which,when, where, how + 动词不定式（to do）
11. I often ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ke mistakes in grammar. (1) make mistakes 犯错 make mistakes in 在某方面犯错 (2) mistake… for… 把…误认为… (3) by mistake错误地
12. Maybe you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) should join an English club. 【解析】 join/join in/take part in
(1) join=be a member ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of 参加, 指加入某种 织，并成为其中的一员。join the army / party 入伍/党 join the club 加入俱乐部 ◆ join in 后接活动名称 ◆ join sb. 加入到某个人群之中
(2) take part in参加，指加入群体活动中并在活动中发挥重要作用。
13. But whether or not ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) you can do this well depends on your learning habits.
1) 此句中whether or not ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) you can do it well是从句作整个句子的主语, 叫作“主语从句”。又如： isn’t so important. What’s important is the experience you gained. 是否做对不那么重要，重要的是你收获的经验。
2) whether o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r not 相当于whether, 表示“是否”，常出现在宾语从句，主语从句中。也可把whether和or not分开，or not放到句尾。例如: I can’t tell whether or not the teacher likes me. =
14. It is also e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )asier for you to pay attention to it for a long time. 若形容词表示事物特征的，如：easy, hard, difficult, important等，须用介词for构成句型：It is .adj. for sb. to do sth.
若形容词表示人的性格、品质与特点，如 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：good, kind, nice, wrong等，用介词of构成句型：It`s +adj.(kind, honest, friendly) + (of sb.) to do sth.
15. Good learners o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ften connect what they need to learn with something interesting. connect v. 意为“连接；与......有联系”常用结构是connect A to / with B，其中to多用来指动作而不指状态,with多指抽象意义的联系。e.g.
1). Connect the speaker the record player, please.
2).After we parted, I often connected him on the Internet
16.Good learners ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )think about what they are good at and what they need to practice more.
【think相关短语】 thi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nk about 想起，考虑 think back 回想think of 想到，认为 think over 仔细考虑 think out 仔细考虑，想出 think up 想出 think through 充分考虑
17. Even if you lea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rn something well, you will forget it unless you use it.
even though=eve ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n if 即使, 引导让步状语从句。【注】even though 引导让步状语从句时，不能与but 连用。
They even ask each ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) other and try to find out the answers. (1) try on try it/them on 试穿
(2) try to do sth. 努力做某事，侧重尽力做 (3) try doing sth. 试图做某事，侧重尝试做
(4) try one’s best to do sth.= do one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事
find out寻找，查明【拓展】fi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd/look for/find out 找(1) find v. 找到，强调找到的结果 (2) look for 寻找，强调找东西的过程(3) find out 查明，找到，指经过调查，询问等弄清事实的真相。
19. Knowledg ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e comes from questioning. question在句子中作动词，是“质疑；质问；提问”的意思。例如：I just accepted what he told me. I never thought to (质疑)it.
当question用作动词，表示对 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )某人或事物进行提问时，是一种十分正式的用法，有“提问；询问；审问”的意思。例如：The police (审问)him for three hours before letting him go.
重点短语：
by doing sth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 通过做...... read aloud朗读 speaking skills口语技能
that way那样 word groups 词组 spoken English英语口语
finish doing sth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )完成做... give a report 做报告 main idea 主旨大意
be patient with s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )b对...有耐心 It takes time.慢慢来 the secret to do sth 做...的秘密
be afraid to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )do sth不敢做... be afraid of doing sth害怕做... be afraid that... 恐怕
I`m afraid so.恐怕是这样吧！ I`m afraid not恐怕不是吧！ look up查阅
fall in love wi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )th 爱上 body language 肢体语言 key words 关键词
as well 也 at first起初 have a good understanding of sth 充分理解
practice doing sth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 练习做... take notes 做笔记 keep a diary 写日记
reading spee ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d 阅读速度 make mistakes in犯...的错误 be born with 天生具备
depend on st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h依靠、指望 have... in common mind有...共同之处 create/have an interest in 建立...的兴趣
pay attention to 注 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意、关注 for a long time 很长时间 connect... with/to sth 联系/连接
keep doing sth保持做.. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). study skills 学习技能 mind map思维图、脑图
explain...to... 向...解释... learning habit学习习惯 the ability to do sth 做...的能力
call / ring sb. up ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )给某人打电话 call on sb. 拜访某人 call on sb to do sth号召...做...
call out 大声呼喊； call at sp 拜访某地 call for 要求 需要
look up 查阅; 抬头 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )看 look after 照顾 look like 看起来像
look out 当心, 小心往外看 look through 浏览;翻看 look for 寻找
look forward to ( ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )doing sth) 期待 look around 向四周看 have/take a look (at) 看一看
look over 检查 think about 想起，考虑 think back 回想
think of 想到，认为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) think over 仔细考虑 think out 仔细考虑，想出
think up 想出 mistake… for… 把…误认为… by mistake错误地
课文再现一：
Wei Fen find it di ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fficult to learn English, because the teacher spoke too quickly. But she was afraid to ask questions. In English class, she just hid behind her textbook and never said anything. After she watched an English movie, she fell in love with English movies. She realized she could get the meaning by listening for just the key words. She also discovered listening to something you are interested in is the secret to language learning. She really loves English class now. She wants to learn new words and more grammar so that she can have a better understanding of English movies.
课文再现二：
Everyone is born ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )with the ability to learn. But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits. Studies show that if you are interested in something, your brain is more active and it is also easier for you to pay attention to it for a long time. So it is a good idea to connect something you need to learn with something
you are interested in. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Even if you learn something well, you will forget it unless you use it. So remember the sayings "use it or lose it" and "practice makes perfect" . Good learners learn from their mistakes, and they are not afraid of making mistakes. Learning is a lifelong journey because every day brings something new. So learn wisely and learn well.
一单元作文模板
Dear...,
In your letter ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )you asked me how to learn English. There are three good ways to learn English. You can learn by reading story books, watching videos, listening to tapes and so on. I think you should first learn English by reading some English story books. If you do this, you will improve your reading speed. The second way is trying to watch English videos.This way you can get the meaning by listening for just the key words or watching their body language. It`s also a good idea to learn English by listening to tapes because you can also improve your pronunciation , so that you can communicate better with others in English.Hope you can improve your English!
Your friend,
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