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小数乘除法巧算(专项训练)数学五年级上册人教版
1.用简便方法计算下面各题.
0.48×1.5+1.5×0.52
5.84÷0.25÷4
72.6×9.9+7.26
12.5×5.19×0.08
2.脱式计算,能简算的要简算。
(1)2.5×(3.7×0.04)
(2)4.21×99+4.21
(3)92.8÷8÷1.25
3.脱式计算,能简算的要简算。
①8.65×1.2+1.35×1.2
②5.6×1.25
③2.5×(4+0.6)
④21.6×99+21.6
⑤1.56×101
⑥7.5×1.25×2×8
4.计算下面各题,怎样简便就怎样算.
①1.28×8.6+0.72×8.6
②1.25×3.2×0.25
③2.7×0.8÷0.27
④4.3×1.02
5.脱式计算(怎样简便就怎样算)
(1)0.125÷0.25÷0.4
(2)14.4÷0.18+14.4÷0.32
(3)1.25×0.68×8
(4)52-27.4-12.6
6.脱式计算,能简算的要简算。
(1)0.65×6.4-0.65×5.4
(2)78÷0.25÷0.4
(3)3.6×4-2.5
7.脱式计算。(②③④⑤用简算)
①4.05+3.95
②10-2.45-7.55
③6.1×3.6+3.6×3.9
④44.28÷0.4÷2.5
⑤1.25×1.7×0.8
⑥(1.1-0.78)÷(2.45-1.95)
8.递等式计算,能简算的要简算:
(1)6.8×0.56+0.44×6.8
(2)8.7÷0.2÷0.5
9.脱式计算下面各题,能简算的要简算。
①16.8+21.7÷0.7
②12.5÷0.2×8
③23÷0.4÷2.5
④6.4×2.8+3.6×2.8
⑤8.7×2.5×4
⑥10.1×5.7
10.脱式计算,能简算的要简算。
①2.6×3.8+6.2×2.6
②12.5×0.32×0.5
③14.3÷1.1-1.8
④4.392÷(1.8×2)
⑤2.4×105
11.递等式计算,能简便的简便计算。
①0.75×4×0.25×4
②15.58÷8.2-0.72
③8.84÷2.6+1.9
④4.16×25.7+41.6×7.43
⑤0.72÷0.9÷0.5
⑥0.8×1.2×12.5×5
12.脱式计算。(能简算的要简算)
①2.87×(63-2.3)
②54.7-45.3÷15
③2.008×1999+2.008
④10.8÷[(5.28-1.68)×0.3]
⑤3.69÷(1.23×0.5)
⑥(5.28+5.28+5.28+5.28)×0.25
13.脱式计算。(能简算的要简算)
①102×0.85
②1.25×49+1.25
③0.25×32×1.25
④3.8×0.45+0.38×6.5-0.038×10
⑤10.1×0.99
⑥4.66×0.28+4.66×0.82-4.66
14.脱式计算(能简算的要简算)
①4.15﹣3.24+9.85﹣6.76
②3.2×4.6+3.2×5.4
③(8+0.8)×1.25
④(15.4﹣7.8)×3.5
⑤1.25×4×2.5×0.8
⑥0.32×9+0.32
15.脱式计算(能简便算的要简便算)
(1)0.01+1.01×99
(2)26×20.2-8.4-1.8
(3)89.3×43+38×89.3+893×1.9
(4)10.01×101-10.01
16.脱式计算,怎么简便怎么算。
(1)2.5×(0.77×4)
(2)2.6×11.8﹣0.9×2×2.6
(3)(30.2﹣5×4.6)÷0.12
17.脱式计算,能简算的要简算。
(1)8.1÷(6.3-5.76)
(2)2.8×4+7.5
(3)1.2×2.5+0.8×2.5
18.脱式计算(能简算的要简算).
①4.2÷4.8+0.12×3.5
②0.75×3.5﹣0.75×2.5
③6.5×(3.64÷2.6)
④63÷0.4÷0.25
⑤7.8÷(3.6﹣1.2)
⑥5.6÷0.8﹣3÷1.5
答案解析部分
1.【答案】解:0.48×1.5+1.5×0.52
=1.5×(0.48+0.52)
=1.5×1
=1.5
5.84÷0.25÷4
=5.84÷(0.25×4)
=5.84÷1
=5.84
72.6×9.9+7.26
=7.26×99+7.26
=7.26×(99+1)
=7.26×100
=726
12.5×5.19×0.08
=5.19×(12.5×0.08)
=5.19×1
=5.19
2.【答案】(1)解:2.5×(3.7×0.04)
=2.5×0.04×3.7
=0.1×3.7
=0.37
(2)解:4.21×99+4.21
=4.21×(99+1)
=4.21×100
=421
(3)解:92.8÷8÷1.25
=92.8÷(8×1.25)
=92.8÷10
=9.28
3.【答案】解:①8.65×1.2+1.35×1.2
=(8.65+1.35)×1.2
=10×1.2
=12
②5.6×1.25
=7×(0.8×1.25)
=7×1
=7
③2.5×(4+0.6)
=2.5×4+2.5×0.6
=10+1.5
=11.5
④21.6×99+21.6
=21.6×(99+1)
=21.6×100
=2160
⑤1.56×101
=1.56×(100+1)
=1.56×100+1.56×1
=156+1.56
=157.56
⑥7.5×1.25×2×8
=(7.5×2)×(1.25×8)
=15×10
=150
4.【答案】解:①1.28×8.6+0.72×8.6
=(1.28+0.72)×8.6
=2×8.6
=17.2
②1.25×3.2×0.25
=1.25×(0.8×4)×0.25
=(1.25×0.8)×(4×0.25)
=1×1
=1
③2.7×0.8÷0.27
=2.7÷0.27×0.8
=10×0.8
=8
④4.3×1.02
=4.3×(1+0.02)
=4.3×1+4.3×0.02
=4.3+0.086
=4.386
5.【答案】(1)0.125÷0.25÷0.4
=0.125÷(0.25×0.4)
=0.125÷0.1
=1.25
(2)14.4÷0.18+14.4÷0.32
=80+45
=125
(3)1.25×0.68×8
=1.25×8×0.68
=10×0.68
=6.8
(4)52-27.4-12.6
=52-(27.4+12.6)
=52-40
=12
6.【答案】(1)0.65×6.4-0.65×5.4
=(6.4-5.4)×0.65
=1×0.65
=0.65
(2)78÷0.25÷0.4
=78÷(0.25×0.4)
=78÷0.1
=780
(3)3.6×4-2.5
=14.4-2.5
=11.9
7.【答案】①4.05+3.95=8
②10-2.45-7.55
=7.55-7.55
=0
③6.1×3.6+3.6×3.9
=3.6×(6.1+3.9)
=3.6×10
=36
④44.28÷0.4÷2.5
=44.28÷(0.4×2.5)
=44.28÷1
=44.28
⑤1.25×1.7×0.8
=(1.25×0.8)×1.7
=1×1.7
=1.7
⑥(1.1-0.78)÷(2.45-1.95)
=0.32÷0.5
=0.64
8.【答案】(1)6.8×0.56+0.44×6.8
=6.8×(0.56+0.44)
=6.8×1
=6.8
(2)8.7÷0.2÷0.5
=8.7÷(0.2×0.5)
=8.7÷0.1
=87
9.【答案】①16.8+21.7÷0.7
=16.8+31
=47.8
②12.5÷0.2×8
=12.5×8÷0.2
=100÷0.2
=500
③23÷0.4÷2.5
=23÷(0.4×2.5)
=23÷1
=23
④6.4×2.8+3.6×2.8
=(6.4+3.6)×2.8
=10×2.8
=28
⑤8.7×2.5×4
=8.7×(2.5×4)
=8.7×10
=87
⑥10.1×5.7
=(10+0.1)×5.7
=10×5.7+0.1×5.7
=57+0.57
=57.57
10.【答案】①2.6×3.8+6.2×2.6
=2.6×(3.8+6.2)
=2.6×10
=26;
②12.5×0.32×0.5
=12.5×0.8×0.4×0.5
=(12.5×0.8)×(0.4×0.5)
=10×0.2
=2;
③14.3÷1.1-1.8
=13-1.8
=11.2;
④4.392÷(1.8×2)
=4.392÷3.6
=1.22;
⑤2.4×105
=2.4×(100+5)
=2.4×100+2.4×5
=240+12
=252。
11.【答案】①0.75×4×0.25×4
=(0.75×4)×(0.25×4)
=3×1
=3
②15.58÷8.2-0.72
=1.9-0.72
=1.18
③8.84÷2.6+1.9
=3.4+1.9
=5.3
④4.16×25.7+41.6×7.43
=41.6×(2.57+7.43)
=41.6×10
=416
⑤0.72÷0.9÷0.5
=0.8÷0.5
=1.6
⑥0.8×1.2×12.5×5
=(0.8×12.5)×(1.2×5)
=10×6
=60
12.【答案】①2.87×(63-2.3)=2.87×60.7=174.209②54.7-45.3÷15=54.7-3.02=51.68③2.008×1999+2.008=2.008×(1999+1)=2.008×2000=4016④10.8÷[(5.28-1.68)×0.3]=10.8÷[3.6×0.3]=10.8÷1.08=10⑤3.69÷(1.23×0.5)=3.69÷0.615=6⑥(5.28+5.28+5.28+5.28)×0.25=5.28×4×0.25=4×0.25×5.28=1×5.28=5.28
13.【答案】①102×0.85=(100+2)×0.85=100×0.85+2×0.85=85+1.7=86.7②1.25×49+1.25=1.25×(49+1)=1.25×50=62.5③0.25×32×1.25=0.25×4×8×1.25=(0.25×4)×(8×1.25)=1×10=10④3.8×0.45+0.38×6.5-0.038×10=3.8×0.45+3.8×0.65-3.8×0.1=3.8×(0.45+0.65-0.1)=3.8×1=3.8⑤10.1×0.99=(10+0.1)×0.99=10×0.99+0.1×0.99=9.9+0.099=9.999⑥4.66×0.28+4.66×0.82-4.66=4.66×(0.28+0.82-1)=4.66×0.1=0.466
14.【答案】①4.15﹣3.24+9.85﹣6.76
=4.15+9.85﹣(3.24+6.76)
=14﹣10
=4
②3.2×4.6+3.2×5.4
=3.2×(4.6+5.4)
=3.2×10
=32
③(8+0.8)×1.25
=8×1.25+0.8×1.25
=10+1
=11
④(15.4﹣7.8)×3.5
=7.6×3.5
=26.6
⑤1.25×4×2.5×0.8
=1.25×0.8×(4×2.5)
=1×10
=10
⑥0.32×9+0.32
=0.32×(9+1)
=0.32×10
=3.2
15.【答案】(1)0.01+1.01×99
=0.01+1.01×(100-1)
=0.01+1.01×100-1.01×1
=101+0.01-1.01
=100
(2)26×20.2-8.4-1.8
=26×(20+0.2)-(8.4+1.8)
=520+5.2-10.2
=525.2-10.2
=515
(3)89.3×43+38×89.3+893×1.9
=89.3×43+38×89.3+89.3×19
=89.3×(43+38+19)
=89.3×100
=8930
(4)10.01×101-10.01
=10.01×101-10.01×1
=10.01×(101-1)
=10.01×100
=1001
16.【答案】(1)2.5×(0.77×4)
=(2.5×4)×0.77
=10×0.77
=7.7
(2)2.6×11.8﹣0.9×2×2.6
=2.6×11.8﹣1.8×2.6
=2.6×(11.8﹣1.8)
=2.6×10
=26
(3)(30.2﹣5×4.6)÷0.12
=(30.2﹣23)÷0.12
=7.2÷0.12
=60
17.【答案】(1)解:8.1÷(6.3-5.76)
=8.1÷0.54
=15
(2)解:2.8×4+7.5
=11.2+7.5
=18.7
(3)解:1.2×2.5+0.8×2.5
=(1.2+0.8)×2.5
=2×2.5
=5
18.【答案】①4.2÷4.8+0.12×3.5
=0.875+0.42
=1.295
②0.75×3.5﹣0.75×2.5
=0.75×(3.5﹣2.5)
=0.75×1
=0.75
③6.5×(3.64÷2.6)
=6.5×1.4
=9.1
④63÷0.4÷0.25
=63÷(0.4×0.25)
=63÷0.1
=630
⑤7.8÷(3.6﹣1.2)
=7.8÷2.4
=3.25
⑥5.6÷0.8﹣3÷1.5
=7﹣2
=5
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