八上 Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my sister.
语法:
(一)形容词,副词的原级和比较级
1、定义:
原级:形容词或副词的原级形式就是词典中出现的形容词或副词的原形。原级前可以用very,quite,too等副词来修饰。
比较级:形容词或副词的比较级表示“更……”,用于两者之间的比较,用来说明“前者比后者更……”,比较级前面一般用much/a lot /far, even, a little/a bit,a lot修饰,其中even, much 只能修饰比较级。
形容词与副词的区别(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)
⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后
⑵副词在句子中最常用的就是处在实义动词之后
2、形容词比较级的用法:
(1)当两个人或事物(A和B)进行比较时,我们需要用到形容词的原级或者比较级
①表达“A比...B”用“比较级+than”的结构。
公式:A+be动词+adj.比较级+than+B…/A+实义v.+adv比较级+than+B..
I am taller than you.我比你高。
I got up earlier than my mother this morning.今天早晨我起得比我妈妈早。
②表达“A和B一样”,用as…as的结构。
公式: A+be动词+as+形容词原级+as…+B
I am as tall as you.我和你一样高。
③表达“A不如B”用not as/so…as的结构。
公式:A+be动词的否定形式+as+形容词原级+as…+B
I am not as tall as you.我没有你高。
④“比较级+and+比较级/more and more+原级(多音节词或部分双音节词)”表示“越来越……”。
It is getting warmer and warmer.天气越来越暖和。
He is running faster and faster.他跑得越来越快。
⑤“the more…,the more…”表示“越……,就越……”/the +比较级...,the+比较级...
The more,the better. 多多益善。
The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.你越细心,犯错就越少。
⑥表示“A是两个中比较……的:A+be+the+比较级+of the two
He is the better of the two. 他是这两个人中比较好的。
⑦”A+be+倍数+adj.比较级+than+B / A+实义动词+倍数+than+B”A...是B...的几倍。
This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。
⑧疑问词(Which/Who)+实义动词+adv.比较级,A or B
Which is bigger,the Earth or the Moon 哪一个更大,地球还是月亮?
(2) 关于形容词比较级的更多用法
比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”,“小多少”,“长多少”,“短多少”等。
I am two years older than he.我比他大两岁。
This building is 20 meters higher than that one.这个建筑物比那个高20米。
3、形容词比较级的构成:
单音节词和少数双音节词:
类别 构成方法 原级 比较级
单音节词和少数双音节词 一般直接加-er long tall longer taller
不发音的e结尾时加-r late large later larger
辅音字母加y结尾时把y变i,再加-er easy happy easier happier
重读闭音节结尾并且只有一个辅音字母时,双写最后的辅音字母,再加-er big hot fat/thin bigger hotter fatter/thinner
多音节词和部分双音节词:
类别 构成方法 原级 比较级
多音节词和部分双音节词 在原级前加more careful beautiful more careful more beautiful
在原级前加less important useful less important less useful
少数不规则变化:
good/well→better bad/badly→worse far→farther/further many/much→more
little→less old→older/elder 等
adj.→adv.的规则
部分adj.+后缀ly,可构成相应的adv.
quick→quickly slow→slowly loud→loudly clear→clearly quiet→quietly real→really
different→differently beautiful→beautifully
以辅音字母+y结尾的adj.,变y为i+ly,可构成相应的adv. happy→happily lucky→luckily
反意疑问句/附加疑问句
定义:在一个陈述句后,又添加了一个附着的简略疑问句,用以进行确认的一种简略的一般疑问句。
结构:通常情况下,若陈述部分为肯定句,便用否定形式进行提问;若陈述部分为否定,便用肯定形式进行提问。(“前肯后否,前否后肯”)
回答:反意疑问句的答语应符合事实,肯定事实用yes,否定事实用no。当反意疑问句为“前否后肯”时,翻译要以事实为依据,附加疑问句中,yes翻译成“不/不是,...是的”;no翻译成“是/是的,...不是”。
-He is you teacher, isn’t he -Yes, he is.(是的,他是。)
-She isn’t a nurse, is she -No,she isn’t.(是的,她不是。)
特殊用法
当陈述句的主语anyone/anybody,everyone/everybody,someone/somebody,nobody /no one,these,those时,反义疑问句中的主语应为they;当陈述句中的主语为everything,anything,nothing,something,this,that等时,反义疑问句中的主语应为it。
Anyone can do it, can’t they / Everything is all right, isn’t it
陈述句是there be 句型时,附加疑问句要用be(not) there。
There's someone in the room, isn't there
如果陈述句中出现否定意义的词(few,little,never,no,nothing,hardly,seldom, rarely等),附加疑问句用肯定形式。(如果陈述句中否定式,只是带有否定的词缀,附加疑问句仍用否定结构)
She never eats junk food, does she
祈使句(肯定/否定)的附加疑问句,通常用will you;若Let’s 开头的祈使句,附加疑问句常用shall we.
二、知识点归纳
1.both(pron.) Both of them come here.他们都来了。
(adj.) Both students like English.学生都喜欢英语。
注意:both...and...做主语时(同and),主语是and前和后两个部分构成的,谓语用复数。
Both she and I are good at English.她和我都擅长英语。
辨析:both, either, neither, all与none
两者间 both 强调两者都是(常用于肯定句)
neither 强调两者都不是(常用于nor连用,既不...也不...,连接并列主语时遵循就近原则)
either 强调两者之一(常与or 连用,用于选择句中)
≧3 all 强调三者及以上都(常用句肯定句)
none 强调三者及以上都不(常用于否定句)
_______ Tom _______ Jerry are cats.Tom 和Jerry都是猫。
_______ of the students passed the exam.没有一个学生通过这次考试。
You can _______go to the cinema or stay at home.你可以去电影院也可以待在家里。
I have ______ time nor money to go on a trip.我既没有时间也没有钱去旅行。
______ the apples in the basket are red.篮子里的所以苹果都是红色的。
2.better (adj. & adv.) 较好的(地);更好的(地)
(1)Tom dances very well, but Jim dances ______ than Tom.(做副词是Well的比较级 )
(2)This picture is very good, but that one is ______. ( 做形容词是good的比较级)
3.loud/loudly/aloud
loud adj.大声的,喧闹的 louder(比较级)
loudly adv.嘈杂地,喧闹的,强调有目的地提高音量,以便让别人听见。 more loudly(比较级)
aloud adv.出声地,大声地,与默读比较,出声能让别人听见,常与read,talk等连用。 无比较级形式
(1)Don't speak ______ in public. 在公共场合不要大声说话。
(2)He speak in a ______ voice.他大声说话。
(3)Please read _______ so that I can hear you.请大声说,以便我能听见。
4.tell(vt.)讲述,告诉,分辨,看得出来,了解 tell sb. sth.=tell sth. to sb.告诉某人某事
tell表示一种判断功能时,意为“看得出来,知道,了解”,不用于进行时态。
(vi.)命令,吩咐 tell sb. (not) to do sth.命令/吩咐某人(不要)做某事
(1)The only way to ___ if you like something is by trying it.
要想知道你是否喜欢某样东西,唯一的方法就是试一试。
The mother is ______ ______ to her young children.这个妈妈正在给她的孩子们讲故事。
Our teacher ______ us not _____ ______ the rules.我们的老师命令我们不要破坏规则。
win/beat
win vi. 赢,获胜 不+宾语
vt. +比赛的项目,奖品或战争等
beat vt. 打败,战胜 +比赛或竞争对手
She is sure to ______.她确信能赢。
We’re sure our team can ______ them.我们确信我们队会打败他们。
At last, they _____their freedom.最终,他们赢得了自由。
talent(n.)天才,天赋,人才 talented(adj)有才能的,天资高的 talentless(adj.)没有天赋的
have a talent for 有...的才能 be talented/gifted in在...方面有天赋
My sisteh has a _____ for music.=My sister is ______ in music.我姐姐在音乐方面有天赋。
The company is looking for a local _______.这家公司正在找一个当地的人才。
7.care(v.)在意,担心,关心 care abou(t+pron./n.)关心;在意 / care for照顾照料,非常喜欢
careful(adj.)小心的,谨慎的 careless(adj.)粗心大意的,不在意的
(un.)小心,注意,关怀
take care =be careful 小心;当心/ take care of =look after照顾;照看
My mother ruly ______ _______ me.我的妈妈确实关心我。
_____ ______ not to fall into the lake.当心不要掉到湖里。
We should _____ _____ _____ /_____ ______ourselves.我们应该照顾好我们自己。
8.make (v.)制造,制定
make sb. do sth.(+省略to的动词不定式,作宾补)
make sb./sth. +adj.让某人/某物... make sb.+n.让某人成为...
Our teacher often _____ us _____(retell) the texts.我们老师经常让我们复述课文。
The Internet ______ it _____ _____ ________ English.(easy/learn)网络使英语学习更容易。
They _____ Jack their team leader.他们选Jack为他们的队长。
关于make的短语:
make a decision做决定 make a face/faces做鬼脸 make friends with与...交朋友
make progress取得进步 make up one’s mind to do sth.下定决心做某事 make money 赚钱
make a fire生火 make use of 发挥...作用 make up 构成,组成,化妆
make phone calls打电话 make oneself at home请自便 make room for给...腾出地方
laugh (cn.)笑声 (v.)笑,发笑,嘲笑 laugh at sb.嘲笑某人
laugh大笑 出声地笑,含有高兴或轻蔑等感彩。
smile微笑 不出声地笑,侧重指含有愉悦、满意或善意的笑容。
The joke was so funny, that I couldn’t stop _______.But my sister only _____ at me.
这个笑话太有趣了,我笑个不停。但是我的姐姐只是冲我微微一笑。
reach(vt.)到达,抵达,引起...的注意,增加到,提升到(某一水平,速度等)
reach for one’s hand伸手帮助某人一把
(n.)手臂展开的长度,影响范围,河段
reach 都可以直接加地点副词 (here/there/home等) (vt.)+地点名词
get (vi.)+to+地点名词
arrive (vi.)+in/at+地点名词
Wang Yaping is called the mother who _____ ______ the stars.王亚平被称为“摘星妈妈”。
As soon as I _____ /____ ____ /_____ _____the train station, I will call you.
我一到火车站就给你打电话。
touch(v.)触摸,接触 touch one’s heart令某人感动,打动某人的心
(n.)触觉,接触 keep in touchwith与...保持联系 get in touch取得联系
(1)The story _______ my heart deeply.这个故事深深地打动了我。
(2)A snail shrinks back at a ______.蜗牛一碰就缩回去了。
12.share(v.)分享,共享,共用,分摊 (n.)一份/股份 go shares分享,分担
share sth. With sb.和某人分享某物 share sth between/among sb.在某些人中分配某物
Don’t pay for all the money, let’s _____ ______.你不用支付所有的钱,我们来分摊吧。
May I ______ the umbrella _____ you 我可以和你共用一把雨伞吗?
13.information(un.)信息,消息,资料 a piece of information一条信息
message(cn.)信息,消息 take a message for sb.为某人捎口信
news(un.)新闻,消息 No news is good news.没消息就是好消息。
similar(adj.)相像的,类似的 be similar to 与...相像的/be similar in在...方面相似
Jenny _____ _____ ______ her mother in some ways. Jenny 在某些方面和她的妈妈很像。
Lily and Lucy _______ ______ ______ habits. Lily和 Lucy有相似的习惯。
表示不同:be different from … ,表示相似:be similar to ,表示“一样;相同”: as … as … 陈述理由:because+句子/because of ,表示“更加…”:more … than ,表示“不如…”:less … than …
15.
another “又一,另一”表示泛指一些人或事物中不确定的另一个,用于三者或三者以上的场合。
other “另外的”,表示除去一部分以外的另一些,但不是剩下的全部。other+cn复数/un
the other “两者中的另一个”,表示特指,常与one连用,one... the other...表示两者中“一个...另一个...”
others “另一些”,表示除去一部分以外的另一些,但不是剩下的全体。
the others “其余的一些”表示除去一部分后,剩余的全体。
(1)I have two apples.One is for my mother, ________ is for my father.
(2)Some students want to go fishing,but ________ have different ideas.
(3)I don’t like this small bag.Would you please show me ______ one?
(4)I have many books.Three are story books,__________are history books.
(5)Jack is good at English,and he often helps _______ classmates with their English.
16.little—less—least less than 少于 at least至少
less 用于adj./adv.之前构成降级比较less+adj./adv.原级(+than)=not as/so ...as...不如,比不上
Picture 1 is ___ _____ than picture 2./Picture 1 is ____ ____ ____ ___ picture 2.图1 不如图2美。
turly(adv.)真正,确实,正确地,忠实地(常位于实前be后)
true( adj.) 真正的;正确的,符合事实的 truth (n. )实情;事实
His words didn’t sound _____. So the ____great police tried their best to find out the ____.
他的话听起来并不真实,所以这个正直地警察,决定尽最大的努力找到真相。
serious(adj.)(1)严肃的,稳重的 I’m _____ _____ than most kids.我比大多数的孩子要稳重。
(2)严重的,危急的 There is nothing ________.这里没有什么危急的事情。
(3)认真的,当真的 be serious about对...认真
The boy is ______ _______ playing basketball. 这个男孩对打篮球是认真的。
break(vt.&vi.)打破,弄坏 (vt.) 破坏,违反,打破 (vi.)破晓,突然出现,中止
(n.)裂缝,间歇,中间休息
break down 出故障;坏掉 break into 强行闯入 break out 爆发
take/have a break 休息一会儿
(1)I’m sorry to ______ your mirror. 很抱歉我打碎了你的镜子。
(2)Let’s _______ _______ ________. 让我们休息一下。
20.grade(n.) 成绩等级;评分等级;年级
(1)If you study hard, you will ______ good ________.如果你努力学习,你将会得到好的成绩。
(2) Susan is in Class Two, ______ Eight. Susan 在8年级2班。
三、重点短语
1.起床早 2. 跑得快 /努力学习 3. 唱得好 /唱得清晰 /唱得大声
4. 关心 5. 使某人干某 6. 取得好成绩
7. 只要 8. 与…不同 9. 与… 一致
10. 把某人最好的/最坏的一面表现出来
11. 实际上 12.与…相像的 13. 交朋友
14. 小学 15. 两者都 16. 最…之一
17. 善于与某人相处 18. 善于做某事 19. 对…有益
20. 和…一样 / A不如 B 21. (对某人来说),做某事是…的
22.常言道_________ 23.在...方面有天赋________ 24. 更友好 /更勤奋
25.very/so /quite + /much/ a little/ a bit +
26.那便是为什么________________/那是因为_________________
四、翻译句子
1.萨姆的头发比汤姆的长。Sam has ________ hair ________ Tom.
2.萨姆和汤姆都会打鼓,但是萨姆打得比汤姆好。
Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them ________ ________ Tom.
3.而且她唱得比塔拉更大声。And she also sings ________ ________ ________ Tara.
4.塔拉和蒂娜学习一样努力吗?Does Tara work ________ ________ ________ Tina
5.你妈妈和你爸爸谁更聪明?______ _______ ________, your mother ________ your father
6.最重要的事能学点新东西并且玩的开心。
The most important thing is ______ _______ _______ new and ______ _______.
7.我认为一个好朋友能使我发笑。I think a good friend ________ ________ ________.
8.但是我认为朋友就像书籍——不在多而贵在好。
But I think friends are like books—you don't need a lot of them_____ ______ _____ they're good.
一个真正的朋友会在你需要时给你帮助,使你感动。
A ture friend _____ ______your hand and _____ your heart.
这就是我不喜欢数学的原因。That's ________ I don't like math.
11.在我成长的过程中,我的父母总是随时给予我帮助。
My parents ______ always ______ for me when I was growing up.
12.对他来说,没有必要一模一样。It's not ____ _____ _____ the same.
13.我最好的朋友总是能帮我激发出自己的所能。My best friend helps to ___ ___ ___ __ in me.
14.你游泳不如你弟弟游得好。You can't swim ________ ________ _____ your brother.
15.他比她大两岁。He is ________ ________ ________ than her.
16.他的身体状况越来越好了。He is getting ________ ________ ________.
17.他对英语越来越感兴趣了。He is becoming ______ _____ ______ ________ ______ English.
18.他吃得越多,就越胖。The ________ he eats, the ________ he gets.
19.你的问题是这两个(问题)当中比较难的。Your question is ______ ______ _____ of the two.
五、大意总结
Jeff Green's mother told him that a good friend is like a 1. _____. Jeff Green thinks friends are like 2._____- you don't need a lot of them 3._____ ______ ______they're good. Huang Lei thinks it's not 4.______ to be the same. His best friend is 5. ______ _______ him. Mary Smith doesn't 6. _____ if her friends are the same as her 7.___ different. Her favorite 8._____ about friends is, "A true friend 9.______ for your hand and 10.______ your heart. " (79)
思维导图
七、writing
你们班级准备举办一场活动,活动的主题是“My friends”,要求介绍你的两位朋友(一位与你相似,一位与你不同)。你对此活动很感兴趣,请你写一篇短文为此活动做准备。
要求:1.语句通顺、连贯,可适当发挥;2.80词左右。
My Friends
Friends are important in our life. We all need friends. Here are two of my best friends.
Mike is similar to me in some ways. We are both tall and thin. And he is as shy as me. After school, we both enjoy playing basketball. Also both of us like reading books.
Tony is different from me. He isn't as tall as me and he is heavier than me. But he is more outgoing than me. At school ,he studies harder than me and he always helps me bring out the best in me.
I don't care if we are the same or different. But I think friends are like books—you don't need a lot of them as long as they're good.
常用开头结尾句:
A good friend is like a minror. 好朋友就像一面镜子。
I don't really care if my friends are the same as me orndifferent from me.
我并不十分在乎我的朋友是否跟我一样或与我不同。
As for friends, it's not necessary to be the same. 至于朋友,没有必要一模一样。
A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.
一个真正的朋友是在需要时给你帮助,使你感动。
We always help each other when we have problems. 当我们有闲难时我们总是互相帮助。
答案
二、知识点解析
(1)both/and (2)None (3)either (4)neither (5)All
(1)better (2) better
(1)loudly (2) loud (3)aloud
(1)tell (2)telling stories (3)told / to break
(1) win (2) beat (3)won
(1) talent / talented (2)talent
(1)cares about (2) Take care/Be careful (3)take care of/look after
(1)makes/retell (2)makes,easier to learn (3)made
laughing/smiled
(1)reached for (2)reach/arrive at/get to
(1)toouched (2)touch
(1)go shares (2)share,with
14.(1)is similar to (2)are similar in
15.(1) the other (2)others (3)another (4)the others (5)other
16.less beautiful / not as/so beautiful as 17.ture,truly,truth
18.(1) more serious (2) serious (3)serious about
19. (1)break (2)have/take a break 20.(1)get ,grades (2)Grade
三、重点词组
1.get up early 2. run fast/study hard 3. sing well/ sing clearly/sing loudly
4. care about 5. make sb do sth 6. get good grades 7. as long as 8. be different from 9. be the same as 10. bring out the best/worst in sb. 11. in fact 12. be similar to 13. make friends 14. primary school 15. both … and 16. one of +the +最高级+名词复数17. be good with sb.
18. be good at sth. 19. be good for 20. as +原级+ as /A不如 B not as/so +原级+ as
21.it +be +形容词+for sb. to do sth. 22.as the saying goes 23.be talented in
24.friendlier/more hard-working 25.very/so /quite + 原级much/ a little/ a bit + 比较级
26.that’s why+(结果)/that’s because(+原因)
四、翻译句子
1.longer,than 2.better than 3.more loudly than 4.as hard-working as 5.who is smarter, or
6.to learn something,have fun 7.makes me laugh 8.as long as 9.reaches for,touches 10.why 11.were,there 12.necessary to be 13.bring out the best 14.as well as 15.two years older 16.better and better 17.more and more interested in 18.more,heavier 19.the more difficult
五、大意总结
1.mirror 2.books 3.as long as 4.necessary 5.different from
6.care 7.or 8.saying 9.reaches 10.touches