中考英语二轮语法专题复习-基本句型&句子成分 课件

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中考一轮语法复习
基本句型&句子成分
句子成分
什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。
英语的基本成分有七种：
主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）
Grammar
主语 + 谓语
He cries.
He runs.
She laughs.
She dances.
They talk.
Grammar
He cries.
He runs.
She laughs.
She dances.
They talk.
主　语：主语是动作的发出者。
一般在句首。
She cries.
He runs.
I laugh.
You dance.
They talk.
谓 语：主语做的动作或主语的状态。
动词一般在主语后面。
Fewer words, please!
1.I sit at the corner yesterday.
2.She often cries because she doesn’t like study.
3.Tom laughs loudly and noisily.
4.He suddenly leaves without a second thought.
5.They talk about their stories in the classroom
together.
Abbreviation
1.I sit at the corner yesterday.
2.She often cries because she doesn’t like study.
3.Tom laughs loudly and noisily.
4.He suddenly leaves without a second thought.
5.They talk about their stories in the classroom
together.
Make new sentence!
noun verb noun
I love you.
She reads books.
They buy milk.
He cleaned the room.
You open the door.
宾 语：宾语是动作的接受者。
一般在谓语后面。
主语+谓语+宾语
Make new sentence!
noun verb pronoun noun
She made me a flower.
My dad sent my mom a present.
He gives them a class.
Timmy showed me his secret.
主语＋谓语＋直接宾语＋for／to＋间接宾语
主语+谓语+间宾+直宾
He gives a class for them.
She made a flower for me.
My dad sent a present to me.
Timmy showed his secret to me.
主语+谓语+间宾+直宾
=
I am a student.
It is humid.
We are Chinese.
You are a girl
He is good.
表 语：表语是主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”；特征,状态,身份。
一般为名词或形容词。在系动词后面。
I am a student.
It is humid.
We are Chinese.
You are a girl
He is good.
系动词：常见的有 be－am/ is/ are；was/ were
主语+系动词+表语
Make new sentences
Apples
Tina
ME
bear
eat
I
sweater
rain
wear
sit on
eyes
bear
Zoe
kiss
black board
dog
Crazy
Mom teaches me a good person.
He heard her cry.
I named my dog Obama.
She makes me laugh.
主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾补
宾语补足语：说明是宾语语“是什么”或者“怎么样”；表现主语的特征,状态,身份。
在宾语之后。
英语的五种基本句型
主谓
主系表
主谓宾
主谓宾+宾补
主谓 间宾+直宾 = (主谓直宾 + to/ for 间宾)
找到主语
The sun was shining.
They talked for half an hour.
Who cares
Everything looks different.
He fell in love.
找到谓语
The pen writes smoothly
Who knows the answer
They ate what was left over.
He said "Good morning."
He is growing tall and strong.
Who knows the answer
找到宾语
She smiled her thanks.
I showed him my pictures.
I gave my car a wash.
I saw a cat running across the road.
Make a sentence.
主+谓
start
主+谓
主+谓+宾
主+谓
主+谓+宾+宾补
主+谓+宾
主+谓+间宾+直宾
主+谓+宾
主+谓+宾
主+系+表
主+系+表
主+谓+宾+宾补
主+系+表
主+谓+间宾+直宾
主+谓
主+系+表
主+谓+宾+宾补
但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。
这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。
我们称之为：定语、状语
The little boy wants a red gift.
Bob is a naughty boy.
There is a good boy.
The girl in the classroom must clean the window.
We have nothing to do today.
There are eleven boys who will play soccer.
定语：是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。
挑出下列句中的定语
① They use Mr./ Mrs. with the family name.
② What is your given name
③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
⑥ I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!
The boy needs a pen now
In the classroom, the boy needs a pen.
The boy needs a pen very much.
状语是说明动作发生的时间，地点，方式，目的，原因，结果等；
修饰动词，形容词或者副词本身；
中心词：副词；
位置：句首，句中，句末
挑出下列句中的状语
① There was a big smile on her face.
② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.
④ The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.
⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.
⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.
⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.
判断下列句子属于何种基本句型。
1. Time flies by. ___________________________________________________________________________2. It slipped my mind. ___________________________________________________________________________3. I sent you an E-mail. ___________________________________________________________________________4. It cost me three dollars. ___________________________________________________________________________5. You can leave the door open. ___________________________________________________________________________
判断下列句子属于何种基本句型。
6. He speaks English well. ___________________________________________________________________________7. Teachers will make your English better. ___________________________________________________________________________8. They elected George W. Bush US President. ___________________________________________________________________________9. The novel won the author a Nobel Prize. ___________________________________________________________________________10. They found the dead boy. ___________________________________________________________________________
判断下列句子属于何种句型并翻译成汉语。【答案】
1. SV 时光飞逝
2. SVO 这使我下定了决心。
3. SVOO 我给了你一份礼物。
4. SV 英雄所见略同(傻瓜很少意见不合)。
5. SVOC 你可以让门开着。
6. SVO 他英语说得很好。
7. SV 本性难移
8. SVOC 老师会让你的英语更好。
9. SVOO 这本小说为作者赢得了诺贝尔奖。
10. SVO 他们找到了死去的男孩。
谢谢
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