2015年高考英语二轮复习精讲精析精练-考点01代词
【母题再现】
题型介绍：
代词辨析考点，是英语高考命题的热点之一。在高考中主要考查点有：代词的用法辨析、不定代词的用法、反身代词的用法和代词的基本用法等。
命题形式：
本考点在高考中的命题形式主要有：1.单选填空（出现在自主命题区）；2.语法填空（短文填空）（出现在全国卷中）3.短文改错；4.阅读理解中的猜测试题中。
高考选题：
题型1：
【2014·四川卷】1. She'd lived in London and Manchester, but she liked?????______ and moved to Cambridge.21教育名师原创作品
A. both??? ???????????????????? B. neither ????????????? C. none?? ????????????? D. either
题型2：
【2014·辽宁卷】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的
正确形式。
Jonny: Hey! I'm just practicing Tai Chi(太极).Would you like to join me?
Peter: I know nothing about it. Is it difficult?
Jonny: It seems easy, but you need a lot of practice. You just follow me like this.
Peter: OK. Don't laugh 1 me. I may look funny.
Jonny: Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches, naturally and 2 (soft). Try to keep your body straight. Move slowly , then be sure to keep your balance and don't let your body shake.
Peter: I cannot control my body well. My legs become 3 (pain)
Jonny: Keep 4 (hold) your position for a while .It helps develop your strength and flexibility .Raise your leg and let 5 stay in the air for seconds.www-2-1-cnjy-com
Peter: I feel my legs shaking . I cannot do this any longer.
Jonny: Be patient! Tai Chi 6 (call)“shadow boxing" in English. It asks you to act like water: to be flexible as well 7 strong. In real competition, a Tai
Chi master borrows the strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight back. The 8 (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.
He controls you!
Peter: Unbelievable! Oh..., 9 you don't mind, I'll stop and take a deep 10 .
题型3：
【2014·四川卷】 短文改错(共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分)
下面短文中共有10处语言错误，请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Hello, boys and girls! Today, I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go off. If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside. Stay close to your teacher and classmate. Don't panic or get out of line, and trying to remain quiet and calmly. Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire. If it's a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom. If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt, tell your teacher immediately.
题型4：
【2014届江西省师大附中高三10月月考试题】Holidays are really important. Many of us will have childhood memories of summer holidays where we were taken away from home to experience new environments and learn in different ways.21·cn·jy·com
But holidays are expensive and, for those on low wages or living on benefits, they are often unobtainable. Even the cheapest holidays require travel and other additional costs that are difficult for many families to meet.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
For working parents, the long summer break can be a very difficult problem for childcare. When an annual leave allowance amounts to only five weeks, there is a need to spread this across the year. Couples can find themselves taking leave in turn in order to care for children who are on holiday. For some this makes even an affordable family holiday difficult.21·世纪*教育网
The schools that I visit in Nottingham are full of experienced staff committed to giving our children a caring and inspiring learning environment. The number of children receiving free school meals is quite large in Nottingham and many schools have breakfast clubs to make sure that children get a healthy start to the day. Most schools undertake programs of group or individual educational support. Schools also have an important role in safeguarding children's welfare through the ongoing touch and support with their pupils. During the long summer holidays, much of this is missed.21*cnjy*com
While teachers are holidaying in the UK, many of their pupils spend the whole six weeks on the street where they live. The lack of free school meals for six weeks can result in pressure on a family budget and an inability to afford the inspiring experiences that help children to continue their learning.
In setting out its plans for a five-term year, Nottingham City Council (委员会)is seeking to reduce the summer holiday down to four and a half weeks, with a more balanced five terms of roughly eight weeks, each followed by a two-week break. We believe this will give real “down time" for school staff and pupils alike but will be short enough not to cause a real break in learning.
We acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff, particularly whose own children are educated in other authorities. However, this must be weighed against the benefits for city children for whom we all have the greatest duty of care.
【小题1】71.The passage is probably written by .
A. an experienced teacher B. a working parent
C. an inspired student D. a city council member
【小题2】72.The underlined word "they" in the second paragraph refers to " ’.
A. environments B. holidays C. wages D. benefits
【小题3】73.It is suggested in the passage that the summer break be reduced to .
A. 2 weeks B. 4.5 weeks C. 5 weeks D. 6 weeks
【小题4】74.The plans for a shorter summer holiday will help students_____ .
A. obtain the cheapest holidays without additional costs
B. get a chance to spend six weeks a term with teachers in school
C. benefit more from the caring and inspiring learning environment
D. have more school days to receive free school meals
【小题5】75.It can be inferred from the passage that _______.
A. working parents can enjoy a five-week break to care for their children
B. the suggested plans for a five-term school year can hardly be carried out
C. the long summer holiday gives teachers and students real "down time"
D. some school staff will say “ No" to the plans for a shorter summer holiday
解题技巧：
从近几年的高考题来看。代词的考点主要集中在不定代词以及it的用法上。命题点：一是不同代词之间的意义和功能，如：all，both，none，neither，either，any等意义区别；it，one，ones，that，those的不同指代功能；二是不同代词在语法特征上的差异。
解答此类试题，可以从以下几个方面着手考虑：
代词类试题应注意：
1、it的用法
在英语中，运用it的场合较多。从它在句中的作用和意义来看，it的用法可分为三类：
1．指代作用
(1)用作人称代词，代替前文或后文所提到的同一事物(单数可数名词或不可数名词)。如：
Although we cannot see it，there is air all around us．虽然我们看不见空气，但它却在我们的周围。
(2)代替前面的整个句子。如：
It is said that he has died of a disease，but it isn’t true．据说他已经病死了，但这不是真的。
(3)用在答语中代替指示代词this，that。如：
—— What is this?这是什么?
—— It’s a bike．是自行车。
(4)代替不能或没有必要区分性别的或某些习惯说法中的人。如：
①The baby cried because it was hungry．婴儿哭是因为饿了。(婴儿习惯上不区分性别)
②—— Who is knocking at the door?谁在敲门?
—— It’s me．是我。
(5)指环境、情形等。如：
①I can’t stand it any longer．我再也不能容忍这种情况了。
②Take it easy．别紧张。
③It doesn’t matter．没关系。
(6)指度量衡单位、时间、距离、季节、天气及自然现象。如：
①It’s getting colder and colder now．现在越来越冷了。
②It is winter now．现在是冬天了。
2．形式作用
(1)形式主语
当动词不定式、v.ing形式或从句作主语时，通常把它们放在谓语之后，而用it作句子的形式主语。如：
It’s no use crying over spilt milk．[谚]覆水难收。
It takes three generations to make a gentleman．[谚]十年树木，百年树人。
当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、v-ing形式或宾语从句时，往往把真正的宾语放在补足语后面，而用it作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。如：
①You must make it clear to them that the situation is serious．你必须向他们表明形势是严峻的。
②)They thought it difficult to talk to the guests about the recent events．他们觉得和客人们谈近来发生的事情很困难。
特别提示
形式宾语用在“主语+谓语动词+宾语”结构中，谓语动词appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love，make(按时到达，成功)等后接由if或when等引导的从句时，往往在从句前加形式宾语it。如：
①I would appreciate it if you paid in cash．如果你能支付现金的话，我会不胜感激。
②The boy likes it when you do that．那个男孩喜欢你那样做。
2、不定代词something，anything，everything，nothing
(1)something一般用在肯定句中，也可以用在表示邀请、征询意见的委婉问句中。如：
Could you do something for me?请为我做点事好吗?
(2)anything用在否定句、疑问句或条件句中。如：There isn’t anything inside．里面什么也没有。
(3)everything意为”一切事物”，可用在肯定句或疑问句中。
用于否定句时，表示部分否定；表示全部否定时要用nothing或not anything。如：
Everything is good when new，but friends when old．东西是新的好，朋友是老的亲。(谚语)
(4)nothing表示”什么也没有”，常用于陈述句，表示否定意义，不能与否定词连用。如：
①Do nothing by halves．凡事不可半途而废。(谚语)
②Fools learn nothing from wise men，but wise men learn much from fools．愚者不学无术，智者不耻下问。(谚语)21教育网
3、it，one，ones， that和those
(1)it特指上文所提到的同一个物，它所代替的名词常由the，this，that等修饰。one指上文提到的同类事物中的一个，不特指，被指代的名词通常由不定代词some或any修饰。如：
①Where is that book?I can’t find it．那本书在哪儿?我找不到它。[来源:21世纪教育网] 21*cnjy*com
②I haven’t got any erasers．Will you please give me one?我没有橡皮，请你给我一块好吗?
(2)one与that都可用来代替上文中出现的名词，one前要用定冠词the，有时that和the one可互换使用。如：【出处：21教育名师】
The book isn’t so interesting as the one/that you borrowed．这本书不如你借的那本有趣。
(3)但that和one在多数情况下是不能互换的，主要区别在于：that既可代替可数名词，也可代替不可数名词，常要求有后置定语，一般不指人，复数形式为those。one只能代替可数名词单数，复数形式为ones。当可数名词前有形容词修饰时，只能用one，不用that。当of短语作可数名词的后置定语时，用that，不用one。如：
①The best cigarettes are those from Yunnan．最好的香烟是那些来自云南的。
②The boy told me his story and that of the girl next door．这个男孩跟我讲了他以及隔壁那个女孩的故事。
Your coat is blue，and my new one is green．你的大衣是蓝色的，我的新大衣是绿色的。
(4)the ones用来代替上文提到的特指的复数名词，有时可以用those代替，尤其在有后置定语的情况下。如：2·1·c·n·j·y
The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk．桌上的那些书比桌下的好。
6．another，other，others，more
(1)another既可以单独使用，也可以用于单数名词前，泛指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个人或物”。还可以用“another+数量词+复数名词”，表示”再，又”。如：
①Was there another way out?还有别的路出去吗?
②We’d better wait another five minutes．我们最好再等五分钟。
特别提示
表示“另外一个学生”只能用another student，不能说成another one student。
(2)other不能单独使用，应用于复数名词前，表示另外的某些人或物，也可以用在some，any，no之后，或具体数词之后，再接名词，构成”不定代词或具体数词+other+名词”；接单数名词时，还可以用在冠词the后，特指两个人或物中的另外一个(可以省略为the other)，或特指另外的某些人或物(可以省略为the others)，others泛指”其他的(事物)，别人”。如：【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
One remained and the other went away．一个留下了，另一个走了。
We should learn to treat others as equals．我们应该学会平等待人。
【浙江省鄞州区余姚市2014届高三5月模拟】He was no longer a (an)____ who failed in big events, like the 2008 Beijing Olympics, where he finished an unimpressive 11th.
A. anything B. nothing C. anybody D. nobody
高频考点三：考查one的用法
【浙江省湖州市八校2014届高三上学期第二次联考】The story conveys a strong message, _________ that will hopefully touch all who read it.
A. it B. that C. those D. one
高频考点四：高频代词that的用法
27【浙江省建人高复2014届高三上学期第五次月考】 For quite a few students, their teacher’s advice is more important than _______ of their parents’.
A. one B. that C. it D. any
高频考点五：考查代词宾格
【浙江省象山普通高中2014届高三第一次模拟】The old lady is said to have three children，two of ____studying abroad.
A. whom B. them C. all D. who
高频考点六：代词的其他用法
【浙江省湖州市菱湖中学2014届高三10月月考】Shopping on the Internet enables people not to search for goods from one store to ______.
A. others B. the other C. another D. the rest
【直击高考】
代词21世纪教育网
1.【2014·全国大纲卷】25.—Who’s that at the door?
—is the milkman.
A. He B. It C. This D. That
2.【2014·全国大纲卷】28.I think Mrs. Stark could be _______ between 50 and 60 years of age.
A. anywhere B. anybody C. anyhow D. anything
3.【2014·重庆卷】1. A smile costs _______, but gives much.【版权所有：21教育】
A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everythingwww.21-cn-jy.com
4.【2014·山东卷】4. Susan made______ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
A. that B. this C. it D. her
5.【2014·江西卷】32. ---When shall I call, in the morning or afternoon?
----___. I’ll be in all day.
Any B. None C. Neither D. Either
6.【2014·浙江卷】3.?An average of just 18.75cm of rain fell last year, making ______ the driest year since California??
?? became a state in 1850.
?? A. each????????????????? B. it???????????????? C. this???????????????? D. one21世纪教育网版权所有
7.【2014·福建卷】21. In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in , knives and forks.
A. another B. others C. both D. all
8.【2014·江苏卷】34. Good families are much to all their members, but ________ to none.
A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing
9.【2014·陕西卷】21. I’d appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
A. it B. you C. one D. this[来源:]
10.【2014·安徽卷】24．You can ask anyone for help. here is willing to lend you a hand.
A. One B. No one C. Everyone D. Someone
【课后反馈】
夯实基础：
1.【2014届四川省成都高毕业班第一次诊断性检测】 My own handwriting style is different from _______of my friends.
A it B. this C. that D. one
2.【2014届四川省成都外国语学校高三10月月考试题】However difficult you find to arrange your time, it will pay off in the long run.
A .this B. one C. it D. that
3.【2014届四川省成都市乐山一中高三10月月考试题】Although he likes singing very much, he is but a singer.
A. anything B. something C.everthing D. nothing
4.2014届四川省宜宾市南溪二中高三9月月考试题】一I bought this coat at taobao．com．
—It looks beautiful．As I am busy，can you buy for me?
A．this B．that C．such D．one
5．【2014届四川省苍溪中学高三下学期月考试题】Chinese new traffic rules in 2013 give more severe punishment to offenders compared with ______ carried out in previous years.
A. that B. those C. one D. it
能力拓展：
6．【2014届广西桂林十八校第二次月考】If you want to change for a red one you'll have to pay ___________ $ 20 .
A. another B. other C. more D. each_ 21世纪教育网
7．【2014届天津一中5月考】8.– It is said that Frank is very rich and is always changing his private cars .What is he?
–_______ of a manager, I am not sure.
A. Somebody B. Anyone C. Something D. Anything
8．【2014届浙江省五校第二次联考】8. Although we may not realize ________, when we talk with others we make ourselves understood not just by words but also by body movements.
A. it B. them C. that D. ourselves
9．【2014届江西省重点中学协作体第二次联考】26. ______ of the parents has confirmed it was their child’s fault to be late for class, saying the school bus came later than usual.
A. Both????????????? ??? B. Either??????????????? C. None??? ??????????? D. Neither
10．【2014届甘肃民乐一中5月诊断】One day, about ten years ago, while working at the cash register in the gift shop at my University Museum of Natural History, I saw?41_______???elderly couple come in with a little girl in a wheelchair.?As I looked?42________????( close )?at this girl, I found that she was fixed on her chair. I then realized she had no arms or legs, just a head, a neck and?upper body,?43_______???( dress ) in a little white skirt.?As the couple wheeled her up to me, I turned my head toward the girl. When I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back?44 ________?the girl, who was giving me the most optimistic, largest smile I had ever seen. All of a sudden, her?handicap?was gone and all I saw was this beautiful girl,45??________???smile just melted me??46_______???almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of???47_______???life is all about. She took me from a poor, unhappy college student and???48___________???( bring ) me into her world; a world of smiles, love and???49__________??( warm ). I’m a successful business man now and whenever I think about the troubles of the world, I think about that little girl and the remarkable lesson about life that she taught??50_________???.
自我提升：
11．【2014届四川省成都七中高三二诊模拟英语试题】-- Do you have any more bags of this size?
-- I’ sorry we’ve sold ________ but this one.
A. any B. some C. all D. none
12．【2014届四川省绵阳市高三第一次诊断性考试英语试题】 ——How many of you made it to the top of the mountain in the end?21cnjy.com
——______. It was really tough.
A. No one B. Neither C. None D. Nobody
13．【2014届甘肃嘉峪关一中六模】China's Tea Villages
In most Chinese tea villages, March is the time of year in ___41___ locals start to pick and process tea. The usually quiet villages suddenly become busy centers of activity, as people take out special tools and prepare ___42___ tea processing. In some villages, local residents hold traditional ceremonies, __43___ (thank) heaven for its blessing. The price of tea ___44___ (pick) in March is extremely high because __45___ is fresh, tender and contains multiple trace elements. 2-1-c-n-j-y
China ___46___ (be) famous for tea production since ancient times. Of the goods transported and traded along __47___ Old Silk Road linking China to the Middle East and Europe, the importance of tea was matched only by silk. China produces Oolong, black, green, white, yellow __48___ dark (aka post-fermented) tea. The Oolong, green and black __49___ (vary)are most notable for their high quality.
Most of China's tea villages are found in remote mountainous areas in the country's south and southwest, __50___ the beautiful scenery is often hidden under clouds.
14．【2014届甘肃兰州一中冲刺卷四】该文中共有十处错误,每句中最多有两处,错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧), 并在此符号下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（ ＼）划掉。
修改： 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2、只允许修改十处, 多者(从第11处起) 不计分。
Fang Tong is 34 years old, an actor, director and teacher of Beijing Opera Theatre. Most of
his students are from other part of China and have come to Beijing at a very young age of
sixteen or seventeen. He hopes create an environment for his students that it is much more
relaxing than the one he used to study in. He thought that an actor should relax himself when
performing. Yet his students deep respect him and he never needs to raise his voice in order to be
hearing. For his opinion, actors should go on even when he feel they have made a mistake in
their performances because the moment is already gone but people can never be back to it. So art
is always changing and developing.
15．（南京市2014届高三年级学情调研卷）Something that has always interested me about Abraham Lincoln is，not surprisingly，his ense of humor. As far as I can tell，he's the first American President to have one．
That's because the term“sense of humor” really wasn't in common usage until the ighteen-sixties and seventies．In the eighteen-forties and fifties，it was called“the sense of the ridiculous," and didn't have the positive connotations（隐含意义）that“sense of humor" has today. Back then，what was ridiculous was what invited ridicule（讥笑）．Funniness and cruelty went hand in hand．Of course，they still do a lot of arm-in-arm walking in our day as well．
Lincoln’s humor was very different because，for one thing，it was actually "humor＂as what the word meant in his time. We don't make the distinction between "wit（风趣）”and "humor” anymore; but in the nineteenth century people did．Wit was unpleasant and offensive while humor was pleasant and sympathetic．It’s the difference we note now when we distinguish between "laughing with”and“laughing at．”Lincoln was much more about "laughing with”than "laughing at．”And when“laughing at，”it was often himself he was teasing.
In the famous Lincoln-Douglas debates，when Douglas accused Lincoln of being two-faced，Lincoln replied，referencing his plain looking，“Honestly，if I were two-faced，would I be showing you this one？”And，in a way，Lincoln's face itself tells us much about his sense of humor．
You can comb through thousands of photographs of politicians，soldiers，and the like from Lincoln's time and not find a single smile．
True, the long exposures（曝光）required for photographs of that time made smiling difficult．Yet Lincoln alone，as far as I can tell，overcame that difficulty.
Interestingly, while having a sense of humor，or at least the appearance of one provided by comedy writers has become a necessary characteristic for an American President in our time，in the nineteenth century，too much humor was considered problem. And that was the case for Lincoln．A journalist covering the Lincoln-Douglas debates commented that“I could not take a real personal liking to the man，owing to an inborn weakness. . .that he was extremely, fond of jokes，anecdotes，and stories．”
【小题1】67．We can infer from Paragraph 2 that＿＿
A .the American President could influence the use of English
B. the term "sense of humor”wasn't invented until the 1860s
C .what is funny to someone might be offensive to someone else
D. the concept of humor remains the same despite the passing of time
【小题2】68 ．The underlined words“this one”in Paragraph 4 refer to＿＿．
A. Lincoln's unattractive face
B. Lincoln's sense of humor
C. the debate they were having
D.cruelty that went with funniness
【小题3】69 We rarely see people from Lincoln's time wear smile in their photos because＿．
A. being humorous was considered inappropriate
B. they found it quite funny to smile before camera
C. not smiling for photographs was the fashion
D. photography technology then was not advanced
【小题4】70．What might the writer think of the journalist covering the Lincoln-Douglas debates？
A. His comment accurately reflected his time，
B. He created a false picture of Lincoln．
C. He was prejudiced and self-centered．21世纪教育网
【名师小结】
在解答有关代词的试题时，一是需要注意that，one，it，another的指代区别；二是需要全面掌握不定代词的含义；三、根据语境确定阅读理解中的代词的指代含义。
2015年高考英语二轮复习精讲精析精练-考点01代词（解析版）
【母题再现】
题型介绍：
代词辨析考点，是英语高考命题的热点之一。在高考中主要考查点有：代词的用法辨析、不定代词的用法、反身代词的用法和代词的基本用法等。21·cn·jy·com
命题形式：
本考点在高考中的命题形式主要有：1.单选填空（出现在自主命题区）；2.语法填空（短文填空）（出现在全国卷中）3.短文改错；4.阅读理解中的猜测试题中。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
高考选题：
题型1：
【2014·四川卷】1. She'd lived in London and Manchester, but she liked?????______ and moved to Cambridge.2-1-c-n-j-y
A. both??? ???????????????????? B. neither ????????????? C. none?? ????????????? D. either
题型2：
【2014·辽宁卷】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的
正确形式。
Jonny: Hey! I'm just practicing Tai Chi(太极).Would you like to join me?
Peter: I know nothing about it. Is it difficult?
Jonny: It seems easy, but you need a lot of practice. You just follow me like this.
Peter: OK. Don't laugh 1 me. I may look funny.
Jonny: Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches, naturally and 2 (soft). Try to keep your body straight. Move slowly , then be sure to keep your balance and don't let your body shake.【出处：21教育名师】
Peter: I cannot control my body well. My legs become 3 (pain)
Jonny: Keep 4 (hold) your position for a while .It helps develop your strength and flexibility .Raise your leg and let 5 stay in the air for seconds.
Peter: I feel my legs shaking . I cannot do this any longer.
Jonny: Be patient! Tai Chi 6 (call)“shadow boxing" in English. It asks you to act like water: to be flexible as well 7 strong. In real competition, a Tai
Chi master borrows the strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight back. The 8 (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.
He controls you!
Peter: Unbelievable! Oh..., 9 you don't mind, I'll stop and take a deep 10 .
题型3：
【2014·四川卷】 短文改错(共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分)
下面短文中共有10处语言错误，请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Hello, boys and girls! Today, I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go off. If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside. Stay close to your teacher and classmate. Don't panic or get out of line, and trying to remain quiet and calmly. Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire. If it's a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom. If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt, tell your teacher immediately.
题型4：
【2014届江西省师大附中高三10月月考试题】Holidays are really important. Many of us will have childhood memories of summer holidays where we were taken away from home to experience new environments and learn in different ways.
But holidays are expensive and, for those on low wages or living on benefits, they are often unobtainable. Even the cheapest holidays require travel and other additional costs that are difficult for many families to meet.[来源:21世纪教育网]
For working parents, the long summer break can be a very difficult problem for childcare. When an annual leave allowance amounts to only five weeks, there is a need to spread this across the year. Couples can find themselves taking leave in turn in order to care for children who are on holiday. For some this makes even an affordable family holiday difficult.
The schools that I visit in Nottingham are full of experienced staff committed to giving our children a caring and inspiring learning environment. The number of children receiving free school meals is quite large in Nottingham and many schools have breakfast clubs to make sure that children get a healthy start to the day. Most schools undertake programs of group or individual educational support. Schools also have an important role in safeguarding children's welfare through the ongoing touch and support with their pupils. During the long summer holidays, much of this is missed.
While teachers are holidaying in the UK, many of their pupils spend the whole six weeks on the street where they live. The lack of free school meals for six weeks can result in pressure on a family budget and an inability to afford the inspiring experiences that help children to continue their learning.
In setting out its plans for a five-term year, Nottingham City Council (委员会)is seeking to reduce the summer holiday down to four and a half weeks, with a more balanced five terms of roughly eight weeks, each followed by a two-week break. We believe this will give real “down time" for school staff and pupils alike but will be short enough not to cause a real break in learning.
We acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff, particularly whose own children are educated in other authorities. However, this must be weighed against the benefits for city children for whom we all have the greatest duty of care.
【小题1】71.The passage is probably written by .
A. an experienced teacher B. a working parent
C. an inspired student D. a city council member
【小题2】72.The underlined word "they" in the second paragraph refers to " ’.
A. environments B. holidays C. wages D. benefits21教育网
【小题3】73.It is suggested in the passage that the summer break be reduced to .
A. 2 weeks B. 4.5 weeks C. 5 weeks D. 6 weeks
【小题4】74.The plans for a shorter summer holiday will help students_____ .
A. obtain the cheapest holidays without additional costs
B. get a chance to spend six weeks a term with teachers in school
C. benefit more from the caring and inspiring learning environment
D. have more school days to receive free school meals
【小题5】75.It can be inferred from the passage that _______.
A. working parents can enjoy a five-week break to care for their children
B. the suggested plans for a five-term school year can hardly be carried out
C. the long summer holiday gives teachers and students real "down time"
D. some school staff will say “ No" to the plans for a shorter summer holiday
【答案】
【小题1】D
解题技巧：
从近几年的高考题来看。代词的考点主要集中在不定代词以及it的用法上。命题点：一是不同代词之间的意义和功能，如：all，both，none，neither，either，any等意义区别；it，one，ones，that，those的不同指代功能；二是不同代词在语法特征上的差异。
解答此类试题，可以从以下几个方面着手考虑：
代词类试题应注意：
1、it的用法
在英语中，运用it的场合较多。从它在句中的作用和意义来看，it的用法可分为三类：
1．指代作用
(1)用作人称代词，代替前文或后文所提到的同一事物(单数可数名词或不可数名词)。如：
Although we cannot see it，there is air all around us．虽然我们看不见空气，但它却在我们的周围。
(2)代替前面的整个句子。如：
It is said that he has died of a disease，but it isn’t true．据说他已经病死了，但这不是真的。
(3)用在答语中代替指示代词this，that。如：
—— What is this?这是什么?
—— It’s a bike．是自行车。
(4)代替不能或没有必要区分性别的或某些习惯说法中的人。如：
①The baby cried because it was hungry．婴儿哭是因为饿了。(婴儿习惯上不区分性别)
②—— Who is knocking at the door?谁在敲门?21世纪教育网
—— It’s me．是我。
(5)指环境、情形等。如：
①I can’t stand it any longer．我再也不能容忍这种情况了。
②Take it easy．别紧张。
③It doesn’t matter．没关系。
(6)指度量衡单位、时间、距离、季节、天气及自然现象。如：
①It’s getting colder and colder now．现在越来越冷了。
②It is winter now．现在是冬天了。
2．形式作用
(1)形式主语
当动词不定式、v.ing形式或从句作主语时，通常把它们放在谓语之后，而用it作句子的形式主语。如：
It’s no use crying over spilt milk．[谚]覆水难收。
It takes three generations to make a gentleman．[谚]十年树木，百年树人。
当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、v-ing形式或宾语从句时，往往把真正的宾语放在补足语后面，而用it作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。如：
①You must make it clear to them that the situation is serious．你必须向他们表明形势是严峻的。
②)They thought it difficult to talk to the guests about the recent events．他们觉得和客人们谈近来发生的事情很困难。
特别提示
形式宾语用在“主语+谓语动词+宾语”结构中，谓语动词appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love，make(按时到达，成功)等后接由if或when等引导的从句时，往往在从句前加形式宾语it。如：
①I would appreciate it if you paid in cash．如果你能支付现金的话，我会不胜感激。
②The boy likes it when you do that．那个男孩喜欢你那样做。
2、不定代词something，anything，everything，nothing
(1)something一般用在肯定句中，也可以用在表示邀请、征询意见的委婉问句中。如：
Could you do something for me?请为我做点事好吗?
(2)anything用在否定句、疑问句或条件句中。如：There isn’t anything inside．里面什么也没有。
(3)everything意为”一切事物”，可用在肯定句或疑问句中。
用于否定句时，表示部分否定；表示全部否定时要用nothing或not anything。如：
Everything is good when new，but friends when old．东西是新的好，朋友是老的亲。(谚语)
(4)nothing表示”什么也没有”，常用于陈述句，表示否定意义，不能与否定词连用。如：
①Do nothing by halves．凡事不可半途而废。(谚语)
②Fools learn nothing from wise men，but wise men learn much from fools．愚者不学无术，智者不耻下问。(谚语)
3、it，one，ones， that和those
(1)it特指上文所提到的同一个物，它所代替的名词常由the，this，that等修饰。one指上文提到的同类事物中的一个，不特指，被指代的名词通常由不定代词some或any修饰。如：
①Where is that book?I can’t find it．那本书在哪儿?我找不到它。
②I haven’t got any erasers．Will you please give me one?我没有橡皮，请你给我一块好吗?
(2)one与that都可用来代替上文中出现的名词，one前要用定冠词the，有时that和the one可互换使用。如：
The book isn’t so interesting as the one/that you borrowed．这本书不如你借的那本有趣。
(3)但that和one在多数情况下是不能互换的，主要区别在于：that既可代替可数名词，也可代替不可数名词，常要求有后置定语，一般不指人，复数形式为those。one只能代替可数名词单数，复数形式为ones。当可数名词前有形容词修饰时，只能用one，不用that。当of短语作可数名词的后置定语时，用that，不用one。如：
①The best cigarettes are those from Yunnan．最好的香烟是那些来自云南的。
②The boy told me his story and that of the girl next door．这个男孩跟我讲了他以及隔壁那个女孩的故事。
Your coat is blue，and my new one is green．你的大衣是蓝色的，我的新大衣是绿色的。
(4)the ones用来代替上文提到的特指的复数名词，有时可以用those代替，尤其在有后置定语的情况下。如：
The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk．桌上的那些书比桌下的好。
6．another，other，others，more
(1)another既可以单独使用，也可以用于单数名词前，泛指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个人或物”。还可以用“another+数量词+复数名词”，表示”再，又”。如：21*cnjy*com
①Was there another way out?还有别的路出去吗?
②We’d better wait another five minutes．我们最好再等五分钟。
特别提示
表示“另外一个学生”只能用another student，不能说成another one student。
(2)other不能单独使用，应用于复数名词前，表示另外的某些人或物，也可以用在some，any，no之后，或具体数词之后，再接名词，构成”不定代词或具体数词+other+名词”；接单数名词时，还可以用在冠词the后，特指两个人或物中的另外一个(可以省略为the other)，或特指另外的某些人或物(可以省略为the others)，others泛指”其他的(事物)，别人”。如：
One remained and the other went away．一个留下了，另一个走了。[来源:21世纪教育网]
We should learn to treat others as equals．我们应该学会平等待人。
【考点揭秘】
高频考点一：考查it的用法
1【浙江省宁波市2014届高三第二次模拟】 I’d appreciate ______ if you can turn the radio down, for my baby is sleeping.
A. it B. that C. this D. you
【浙江省鄞州区余姚市2014届高三5月模拟】He was no longer a (an)____ who failed in big events, like the 2008 Beijing Olympics, where he finished an unimpressive 11th.
A. anything B. nothing C. anybody D. nobodywww-2-1-cnjy-com
高频考点三：考查one的用法
【浙江省湖州市八校2014届高三上学期第二次联考】The story conveys a strong message, _________ that will hopefully touch all who read it.
A. it B. that C. those D. one
27【浙江省建人高复2014届高三上学期第五次月考】 For quite a few students, their teacher’s advice is more important than _______ of their parents’.
A. one B. that C. it D. any
【浙江省象山普通高中2014届高三第一次模拟】The old lady is said to have three children，two of ____studying abroad.
A. whom B. them C. all D. who
【浙江省湖州市菱湖中学2014届高三10月月考】Shopping on the Internet enables people not to search for goods from one store to ______.
A. others B. the other C. another D. the rest
【直击高考】
代词
1.【2014·全国大纲卷】25.—Who’s that at the door?
—is the milkman.
A. He B. It C. This D. That
2.【2014·全国大纲卷】28.I think Mrs. Stark could be _______ between 50 and 60 years of age.
A. anywhere B. anybody C. anyhow D. anything
3.【2014·重庆卷】1. A smile costs _______, but gives much.www.21-cn-jy.com
A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything
4.【2014·山东卷】4. Susan made______ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
A. that B. this C. it D. her
5.【2014·江西卷】32. ---When shall I call, in the morning or afternoon?
----___. I’ll be in all day.
Any B. None C. Neither D. Either
6.【2014·浙江卷】3.?An average of just 18.75cm of rain fell last year, making ______ the driest year since California??
?? became a state in 1850.
?? A. each????????????????? B. it???????????????? C. this???????????????? D. one
7.【2014·福建卷】21. In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in , knives and forks.
A. another B. others C. both D. all
8.【2014·江苏卷】34. Good families are much to all their members, but ________ to none.
A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing
9.【2014·陕西卷】21. I’d appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
A. it B. you C. one D. this
10.【2014·安徽卷】24．You can ask anyone for help. here is willing to lend you a hand.
A. One B. No one C. Everyone D. Someone
【课后反馈】
夯实基础：
1.【2014届四川省成都高毕业班第一次诊断性检测】 My own handwriting style is different from _______of my friends.21世纪教育网版权所有
A it B. this C. that D. one
考点：考查代词的用法。
2.【2014届四川省成都外国语学校高三10月月考试题】However difficult you find to arrange your time, it will pay off in the long run.
A .this B. one C. it D. that
3.【2014届四川省成都市乐山一中高三10月月考试题】Although he likes singing very much, he is but a singer.
A. anything B. something C.everthing D. nothing
4.2014届四川省宜宾市南溪二中高三9月月考试题】一I bought this coat at taobao．com．
—It looks beautiful．As I am busy，can you buy for me?
A．this B．that C．such D．one
5．【2014届四川省苍溪中学高三下学期月考试题】Chinese new traffic rules in 2013 give more severe punishment to offenders compared with ______ carried out in previous years.
A. that B. those C. one D. it
能力拓展：
6．【2014届广西桂林十八校第二次月考】If you want to change for a red one you'll have to pay ___________ $ 20 .
A. another B. other C. more D. each_
7．【2014届天津一中5月考】8.– It is said that Frank is very rich and is always changing his private cars .What is he?[来源:]
–_______ of a manager, I am not sure.
A. Somebody B. Anyone C. Something D. Anything
8．【2014届浙江省五校第二次联考】8. Although we may not realize ________, when we talk with others we make ourselves understood not just by words but also by body movements.
A. it B. them C. that D. ourselves
9．【2014届江西省重点中学协作体第二次联考】26. ______ of the parents has confirmed it was their child’s fault to be late for class, saying the school bus came later than usual.
A. Both????????????? ??? B. Either??????????????? C. None??? ??????????? D. Neither
10．【2014届甘肃民乐一中5月诊断】One day, about ten years ago, while working at the cash register in the gift shop at my University Museum of Natural History, I saw?41_______???elderly couple come in with a little girl in a wheelchair.?As I looked?42________????( close )?at this girl, I found that she was fixed on her chair. I then realized she had no arms or legs, just a head, a neck and?upper body,?43_______???( dress ) in a little white skirt.?As the couple wheeled her up to me, I turned my head toward the girl. When I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back?44 ________?the girl, who was giving me the most optimistic, largest smile I had ever seen. All of a sudden, her?handicap?was gone and all I saw was this beautiful girl,45??________???smile just melted me??46_______???almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of???47_______???life is all about. She took me from a poor, unhappy college student and???48___________???( bring ) me into her world; a world of smiles, love and???49__________??( warm ). I’m a successful business man now and whenever I think about the troubles of the world, I think about that little girl and the remarkable lesson about life that she taught??50_________???.
【答案】
【小题1】an??
自我提升：
11．【2014届四川省成都七中高三二诊模拟英语试题】-- Do you have any more bags of this size?
-- I’ sorry we’ve sold ________ but this one.
A. any B. some C. all D. none
12．【2014届四川省绵阳市高三第一次诊断性考试英语试题】 ——How many of you made it to the top of the mountain in the end?21·世纪*教育网
——______. It was really tough.
A. No one B. Neither C. None D. Nobody
13．【2014届甘肃嘉峪关一中六模】China's Tea Villages
In most Chinese tea villages, March is the time of year in ___41___ locals start to pick and process tea. The usually quiet villages suddenly become busy centers of activity, as people take out special tools and prepare ___42___ tea processing. In some villages, local residents hold traditional ceremonies, __43___ (thank) heaven for its blessing. The price of tea ___44___ (pick) in March is extremely high because __45___ is fresh, tender and contains multiple trace elements.
China ___46___ (be) famous for tea production since ancient times. Of the goods transported and traded along __47___ Old Silk Road linking China to the Middle East and Europe, the importance of tea was matched only by silk. China produces Oolong, black, green, white, yellow __48___ dark (aka post-fermented) tea. The Oolong, green and black __49___ (vary)are most notable for their high quality.
Most of China's tea villages are found in remote mountainous areas in the country's south and southwest, __50___ the beautiful scenery is often hidden under clouds.
14．【2014届甘肃兰州一中冲刺卷四】该文中共有十处错误,每句中最多有两处,错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。21教育名师原创作品
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧), 并在此符号下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（ ＼）划掉。
修改： 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2、只允许修改十处, 多者(从第11处起) 不计分。
Fang Tong is 34 years old, an actor, director and teacher of Beijing Opera Theatre. Most of
his students are from other part of China and have come to Beijing at a very young age of
sixteen or seventeen. He hopes create an environment for his students that it is much more
relaxing than the one he used to study in. He thought that an actor should relax himself when
performing. Yet his students deep respect him and he never needs to raise his voice in order to be
hearing. For his opinion, actors should go on even when he feel they have made a mistake in
their performances because the moment is already gone but people can never be back to it. So art
is always changing and developing.
15．（南京市2014届高三年级学情调研卷）Something that has always interested me about Abraham Lincoln is，not surprisingly，his ense of humor. As far as I can tell，he's the first American President to have one．21cnjy.com
That's because the term“sense of humor” really wasn't in common usage until the ighteen-sixties and seventies．In the eighteen-forties and fifties，it was called“the sense of the ridiculous," and didn't have the positive connotations（隐含意义）that“sense of humor" has today. Back then，what was ridiculous was what invited ridicule（讥笑）．Funniness and cruelty went hand in hand．Of course，they still do a lot of arm-in-arm walking in our day as well．[来源:21世纪教育网]
Lincoln’s humor was very different because，for one thing，it was actually "humor＂as what the word meant in his time. We don't make the distinction between "wit（风趣）”and "humor” anymore; but in the nineteenth century people did．Wit was unpleasant and offensive while humor was pleasant and sympathetic．It’s the difference we note now when we distinguish between "laughing with”and“laughing at．”Lincoln was much more about "laughing with”than "laughing at．”And when“laughing at，”it was often himself he was teasing.
In the famous Lincoln-Douglas debates，when Douglas accused Lincoln of being two-faced，Lincoln replied，referencing his plain looking，“Honestly，if I were two-faced，would I be showing you this one？”And，in a way，Lincoln's face itself tells us much about his sense of humor．
You can comb through thousands of photographs of politicians，soldiers，and the like from Lincoln's time and not find a single smile．【版权所有：21教育】
True, the long exposures（曝光）required for photographs of that time made smiling difficult．Yet Lincoln alone，as far as I can tell，overcame that difficulty.
Interestingly, while having a sense of humor，or at least the appearance of one provided by comedy writers has become a necessary characteristic for an American President in our time，in the nineteenth century，too much humor was considered problem. And that was the case for Lincoln．A journalist covering the Lincoln-Douglas debates commented that“I could not take a real personal liking to the man，owing to an inborn weakness. . .that he was extremely, fond of jokes，anecdotes，and stories．”
【小题1】67．We can infer from Paragraph 2 that＿＿
A .the American President could influence the use of English
B. the term "sense of humor”wasn't invented until the 1860s
C .what is funny to someone might be offensive to someone else
D. the concept of humor remains the same despite the passing of time
【小题2】68 ．The underlined words“this one”in Paragraph 4 refer to＿＿．
A. Lincoln's unattractive face
B. Lincoln's sense of humor
C. the debate they were having
D.cruelty that went with funniness
【小题3】69 We rarely see people from Lincoln's time wear smile in their photos because＿．
A. being humorous was considered inappropriate
B. they found it quite funny to smile before camera2·1·c·n·j·y
C. not smiling for photographs was the fashion
D. photography technology then was not advanced
【小题4】70．What might the writer think of the journalist covering the Lincoln-Douglas debates？
A. His comment accurately reflected his time，
B. He created a false picture of Lincoln．
C. He was prejudiced and self-centered．
D. He was brave to point out Lincoln's weakness．
【名师小结】
在解答有关代词的试题时，一是需要注意that，one，it，another的指代区别；二是需要全面掌握不定代词的含义；三、根据语境确定阅读理解中的代词的指代含义。 21*cnjy*com
