Unit 3 The Internet
大单元思维知识整合
一、重点单词
1. convenient adj. 方便的；近便的
2. benefit n. 益处 vt. 使受益 vi. 得益于
3. distance n. 距离
4. inspire vt. 鼓舞；激励；启发思考；使产生
5. access n. 通道；(使用、查阅、接近或面见的)机会 vt. 进入；使用；获取
6. go through经历；度过；通读
7. confirm vt. 确认；使确信
8. account n. 账户；描述 vt. 认为是；视为
9. particular adj. 特定的；特别的；讲究的
10. embarrassing adj. 让人难堪(尴尬；害羞)的
11. upset adj. 心烦的；苦恼的；沮丧的 vt. (upset，upset)使烦恼；使生气；搅乱;打翻
12. familiar adj. 熟悉的；熟知的
13. case n. 盒；箱；情况；案件；病例
二、重点短语
1.陪伴某人 keep sb company
2既然;由于nowthat;
3.go through...经历......; 度过......; 仔细检查
4.in shape状况良好
5.keep track of...掌握......的最新消息
三、重点句型
1. take turns to do sth 轮流做某事
2. too.....to....太......而不能 (表示否定意义)
3. whenever引导的状语从句
4.The more...., the more.....越......,越.......
四、重点用法
1. There are countless articles telling us how the Internet has made our lives more
convenient.
有无数的文章告诉我们互联网是如何使我们的生活更加方便的。(教材P28)
情景导学
Please don't worry. Walking there is convenient for me.
请不要担心。走着去那里对我来说很方便。
It's so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy.
购物前，能够比较不同的网络商店的(商品的)质量和价格是非常方便的。
用法归纳
①It is convenient(for sb. ) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事是方便的。
②be convenient for... 对……方便；离……近
特别提醒：通常情况下，convenient的主语不能是人。
2. She realised that one of the greatest benefits of the Internet was its ability to remove the distance that usually exists between people. 她意识到互联网的最大好处之一就是能够消除通常存在于人和人之间的距离。
①be of benefit to. . . 对……有益
②for the benefit of sb. = for sb. 's benefit为了某人的利益
③benefit from /by. . . 从……中获益
词汇拓展
beneficial adj. 有利的；有用的；有裨益的
be beneficial to对……有利/有用/有益
Walking is extremely beneficial to your body shape. 散步对于塑形非常有好处。
3. . . everyone has access to the Internet and knows how to use new technology. ……每个人都能使用互联网并且知晓如何运用新技术。
用法归纳
①have/gain/get access to . . . 拥有/得到(使用或见到)……的机会
②(the)access to . . . 到……的通路；使用/接触……的机会
特别提醒
access、solution、key等名词常与介词to连用，其后要跟名词或动名词。
词汇拓展
①accessible adj. 可接近的；可进入的；可见到的；易懂的
be accessible to sb. 某人易使用/易得到
Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz，make the music more accessible，and
preserve its history and culture.
Moran 希望扩大爵士乐的听众范围，让这种音乐变得更容易接触到，保护它的历史和文化。
Medicine should not be kept where it is accessible to children.
药品不应放在儿童容易拿到的地方。
②inaccessible adj. 难以达到的；不可得到的
五、重点语法
现在完成时的被动语态表示“现在已经被完成的动作”。常与一些副词连用，如already, yet, just, never, ever, lately, recently, twice等，通常把副词放在助动词have或 has的后面，有时候也可以放在句末。也可以表示“一个从过去某个时间开始，持续到现在，并可能延续下去的被做的动作”。常用的时间状语有：for+一段时间，since+时间点/从句，
in/ for/over/during the last / past fewyears/months/weeks/days, ever since, sofar, up to now,
in recent years等连用。
一．现在完成时被动语态的构成
1．肯定形式：主语+has/ have been＋过去分词 The experiment has been done successfully. 这个实验做得很成功。 Many new buildings have been built since 2018. 自从2018年，许多新的大楼被建成。
2. 否定形式: 主语+has/ have not been＋过去分词 The car has not been repaired yet. 这辆汽车还没有修好。 These books have not been published. 这些书还没有被出版。
3. 疑问形式: Has/have+主语+been＋过去分词？ Has his bike been repaired 他的自行车修好了吗？ Have the machines been used for a long time 这机器使用很久了吗？
二．现在完成时被动语态的用法
1.表示现在已经被完成的动作。常用的时间状语有：already, yet, just, never, ever, lately, recently, twice等, 通常把副词放在助动词have或has的后面，有时候也可以放在句末。 Some flowers have already been watered by Li Ming. 一些花已经被李明浇了。 Has the Wi-Fi password been confirmed yet Wi-Fi 密码被验证了吗？ Recently his novel has been translated into many foreign languages 最近，他的小说被翻译成好几种外语。
2.表示一个从过去某个时间开始，持续到现在，并可能继续延续下去的被做的动作。常用的时间状语有：for+一段时间，since+时间点/从句， in/ for/over/during the last / past few years/months/weeks/days, ever since, so far, up to now, in recent years等连用。 Much useful information about these planets has been collected since 1971. 自从1971年关于这些行星的许多有用的信息已经被收集。 Computer science has been taught in all universities for many years. 所有的大学开计算机课程已经很多年了。 Up to now, no news has been received from her. 到现在，还没有收到她的消息。
【注意一】主动语态变被动语态注意事项
1.短语动词的被动语态： 主动语态中的谓语动词是短语动词时，变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。 They take good care of the children at school. →The children are taken good care of at school. 孩子们在学校受到很好的照顾。 You shouldn't laugh at disabled people. →Disabled people shouldn't be laughed at. 残疾人不应该被嘲笑。
2. 带双宾语的动词，变为被动语态时可以有两种方法： （1）把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语，而把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来。 （2）把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语，而把间接宾语改为介词to 或for引起的状语。用to还是for，根据动词的搭配：一般动词give,pass, show, send,bring要加介词to；动词buy, make, cook, mend要加介词for。 He gave her some money. 他给她一些钱。 →She was given some money. / Some money was given to him. He bought her a watch. 他给她买了一块表。 →She was bought a watch./ A watch was bought for her.
3.带有复合宾语的句子，变成被动语态时宾补相应变为主补： （1）在感官动词(hear,see, watch, feel, notice等)和使役动词(let,make have等)在主动语态中后接不带to的动词不定式作宾补,但是改为被动语态时, 要加上to，作主补。 （2）如果主动语态中doing 或to do作宾补时， 变为被动时仍然用doing或to do的形式。 We often see him go for a walk by the river. →He is often seen to go for a walk by the river. They made the boys work 12 hours a day. →The boys were made to work 12hours a day. I saw him playing football at that moment. →He was seen playing football at that moment. Our teacher told us to clean the room at once. →We were told to clean the room at once .
【注意二】使用被动语态时注意的几个方面
1.不用被动语态的情况 （1）系动词look, feel, sound, smell, taste, seem, appear, go, prove, turn等与形容词连用时。 Ice feels cold. 冰摸上去凉。 Your bedroom smelt so terrible.
你的卧室气味难闻。 His plan proved (to be) practical. 这项计划证明是符合实际的。
（2）表示开始、结束、运动的词begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, shut等。 Work began at 7 o’clock this morning. 上午七点开始工作。 The shop closes at 6 p.m every day. 这家店铺每天下午6点关门。
（3）表示主语的某种属性的词read, write, act, cut, play, draw, drive, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, look, shut等， 通常和副词well, easily, smoothly, badly, nicely等连用。其否定形式通常用won’t，表示拒绝。 The books sell well这些书很畅销。 Your pen writes smoothly. 你的笔书写起来很流畅。 This knife cuts well. 这把刀子很快。 This coat dries easily. 这种外衣容易干。 The recorder won’t play. 这录音机不转了。 The door won’t lock/ open. 门锁不上/ 打不开。
2.get型被动语态 get +done表被动意义，相当于be+done He got paid by the month. 他是按月领薪水的。 He fell and got hurt. 他摔倒受伤了。 They got married last week. 他们上周结婚了。 His car got damaged in a road accident. 他的车在交通事故中被毁了。
3.It + be+过去分词+从句 It is said that she knows three languages. (=She is said to know three languages. ) 据说她懂三种语言。 It is reported that the American president will visitChinanext week. (= The American president is reported to visit China next week.) 据报道美国总统下周要访华。
4.常见的没有被动语态的动词及短语 spread，happen, occur (发生)，take place, break out, belong to, come true, come into being, come out(出版)，come up(被提出), consist of（由……组成）, give out（用完，耗尽, run out（用完），turn out（证明是），turn up（出现），work out（产生，结果），date from/ back to(追溯到)等。
大单元综合试题训练
一、填写单词的正确形式
1.Can you give a more precise _____(define) of the word
2.Now that your work _____(finish), you can have a rest now.
3.In a chat room, he came across a cyberbully who treated him _____(rude).
4.It is really _____(embarrass) that my car was stuck in the mud.
5.I _____(particular) like chatting with my friends using this software.
6.It is the first time that the old computer _____(check) since I bought it.
7.In a sense, using computers has a _____(benefit) effect on children's learning.
8.The Senior Three student wants to look for _____(inspire) in this beautiful small-town.
9.There are many useful search engines that provide people with _____(update) information.
10.The advanced information technology makes astronauts' work _____(convenient) than before.
二、翻译句子
11.你应该解释一下上星期五你为什么缺席会议。
You should _____ _____ your being absent from the conference last Friday.
12.她每天早上都要花一个小时的时间去跑步,以便她能保持很苗条的身材。
She spends one hour running every morning _____ _____ _____ _____ stay very slim.
13.到达某一阶段,你承受的压力越大,你的表现就会越好。
Reaching a certain point, _____ _____ stress you are under, _____ _____ your performance will be.
14.越来越多的年轻人发现早上起床很困难,尤其是在冬天的月份。
More and more young people find it hard to get up in the morning, _____ _____ in the winter months.
15.已经确认你订购的食物已被外卖小哥送来了。
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ the food you ordered has been delivered by the delivery boy.
三、阅读理解
A
As a mother, let me begin by saying that I am one of “those” parents, maybe one of the few: I am excited that my sons are able to receive instruction online and are able to learn at home. I'm unbelievably happy that they haven't had to be in a school building all these months. I feel more comfortable with this scenario than any other.
I know I am in a good position—I am able to work from home most days of the week. We have not had issues with access to technology and have backup plans for those problems we have experienced. I know there are many more people who are not as fortunate. That said, one of the greatest advantages that online learning has brought is that I get to hear my sons being taught. My middle school son and I work in the same room, and I have heard his teachers giving instruction.
This cannot be said enough: Teachers, you are amazing. Not only are you teaching good, solid, and in many cases, timely content, but you are doing so much more. I have heard every teacher do wellness check-in(健康登记) with their students, both in a structured way and just casually, on a day-to-day basis. I have heard teachers joking with their students and still carrying the topic of their lesson. I have heard teachers building close relations with students, despite being faced with a screen of turned-off cameras, silenced mikes(麦克风), and overactive chat boxes.
My high school son's teachers have been excellent at reaching out to him and to me to give him support and help direct him when he struggles. They have been kind, understanding and flexible. Online schooling has its shortcomings and challenges for both students and teachers, but for me as a parent, it has given me the opportunity to be in the classroom with my sons, to gain greater insight(了解) into how they are being taught and to have deeper conversations with them about the content of their learning.
16.What does the underlined word "scenario" probably mean in Paragraph 1
A.Experiment. B.Schedule. C.Reference. D.Attitude.
17.What can we know about the mother
A.She doesn't need to work. B.She can stay at home most of the time.
C.She is expert at teaching. D.She can learn something online.
18.How does the author make her point acceptable in Paragraph 3
A.By telling stories. B.By making comparisons.
C.By giving comments. D.By offering examples.
19.How does the author as a parent find online teaching
A.Troublesome. B.Challenging. C.Meaningful. D.Difficult.
B
“More and more consumers across the country are using cashless payment methods. The rapid development of third-party mobile payment tools is helping to encourage cashless payment across the country,” said Dong Ximiao, a researcher at Renmin University of China.
Although there were 3.4 billion third-party payment accounts in total in China in 2016, China is not the first country to seek a cashless society. Developed countries like Sweden, Denmark and Singapore are also seeing that increase.
However, the rapid development of the cashless payment does not mean there are no challenges and criticisms. Alibaba's Hema store has come under the spotlight recently. The media said that consumers couldn't buy goods in cash there, which would be considered illegal.
Alipay and WeChat Pay, the nation's two major third-party mobile payment tools, also launched campaigns this month to encourage more people to use cashless payment methods, which caused concern over whether cash will soon disappear.
“Some offline sellers refuse to accept cash, which influences the natural circulation(流通) of cash,” said Dong. He stressed that a cashless society would not mean that cash would completely disappear. “Also it's important to remember that nearly half of China's population live in the country, and they are unable to enjoy innovation(革新) brought by the Internet,” said Dong. “And when it comes to China's senior citizens, most of them prefer to use cash in their daily lives,” he added.
“It's ridiculous(荒谬的) to question digital payment tools' contribution to financial development. In the long term, various payment methods will be used by consumers, and merchants should respect consumers' payment habits,” Dong noted.
20.What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to
A.The economic activity. B.A large amount of payment.
C.The development of the economy. D.The cashless payment.
21.Why has Alibaba's Hema store become a focus
A.It fights against illegal activities.
B.Customers are not permitted to use cash there.
C.It provides comprehensive services.
D.It starts campaigns to encourage mobile payment.
22.What is Dong Ximiao's attitude towards the payment in the future
A.The cashless payment should be limited in the countryside.
B.The innovation from payment is ridiculous in fact.
C.Various payment methods should be supported.
D.The digital payment should replace cash completely.
23.What is the best title of the passage
A.Innovation on the Internet B.Cash or cashless
C.Payment online should replace cash D.Is the circulation of cash dying
答案以及解析
1.答案：definition
解析：考查名词。根据设空处前的a可知此处应用名词definition(解释),该名词还被形容词的比较级修饰。
2.答案：has been finished
解析：考查现在完成时的被动语态以及主谓一致。句意:既然你的工作已经被完成了,你现在可以休息了。根据语境可知,工作已经被完成,强调对现在产生的影响,故用现在完成时,又因为work和finish之间是被动关系,所以用现在完成时的被动语态。主语为your work,故填has been finished。
3.答案：rudely
解析：考查副词。设空处修饰谓语动词treated,应用副词rudely。句意:在一个聊天室里,他遇到了一个对他很粗鲁的网络恶霸。
4.答案：embarrassing
解析：考查形容词。该句中的It作的是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的从句,设空处在句中作的是表语,此处指“我”的汽车陷入了泥中,真令人尴尬。指的是事情令人尴尬,故用形容词embarrassing。
5.答案：particularly
解析：考查副词。设空处修饰谓语动词like,应用副词particularly。
6.答案：has been checked
解析：考查现在完成时的被动语态以及主谓一致。在“It is the first time that...”句型中,that从句要用现在完成时,又因为computer和check之间是被动关系,所以用现在完成时的被动语态。主语the old computer为单数,故填has been checked。句意:这是自从我买了这台旧电脑以来第一次检查它。
7.答案：beneficial
解析：考查形容词。设空处修饰其后的名词effect,应用形容词,故填beneficial。
8.答案：inspiration
解析：考查名词。设空处作look for的宾语,所以应用名词inspiration。inspiration作“灵感”讲时为不可数名词。句意:那个高三学生想在这个美丽的小镇寻找灵感。
9.答案：updated
解析：考查过去分词。update与information之间是被动关系,所以此处应用过去分词updated作定语,修饰information。句意:有很多有用的能给人们提供更新的信息的搜索引擎。
10.答案：more convenient
解析：考查形容词的比较级。此处为make 的复合结构,根据语境和设空处后的than可知应用形容词的比较级作宾语补足语。故填more convenient。
11.答案：account for
12.答案：so that she can
13.答案：the more; the better
14.答案：in particular
15.答案：It has been confirmed that
16.答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子的前两句可以得知作者的儿子们能够在网上接受教导并在家学习,这几个月里,他们不用在学校里,这是一项安排,作者对这一安排比对其他任何安排都感到满意,所以画线词的意思为“安排”。故选B。
17.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I am able to work from home most days of the week”可知,这位母亲大部分时间可以待在家里。故选B。
18.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后三句可知,此处举了老师所做事情的几个例子,所以在第三段作者是通过举例子来使她的观点被接受的。故选D。
19.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“but for me as a parent...about the content of their learning”可知,作为家长,作者认为网上教学让她有机会和她的儿子们一起在教室里,让她有机会更深入地了解他们是如何被教导的,让她有机会与他们就他们学习的内容进行更深入的对话,所以作者认为网上教学是有意义的。故选C。
20.答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。由第二段中的“China is not the first country to seek a cashless society...are also seeing that increase.”可知,中国不是第一个寻求无现金社会的国家,瑞典、丹麦和新加坡等发达国家也见证了“that”的增长。由此可推测that指代的是“无现金支付”。故选D。
21.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的最后两句可知,阿里巴巴的盒马生鲜成为人们关注的焦点的原因是消费者不能在那里用现金购买商品,而这被视为非法行为。故选B。
22.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。由最后一段中的“various payment methods...respect consumers' payment habits”可知,董希淼认为应该尊重消费者的支付习惯,即各种付款方式都应该被支持使用。故选C。
23.答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。第一段和第二段说到了无现金支付在国内和国外都在快速地发展,第三段和第四段说明了无现金支付出现的一些问题和人们对于现金是否很快消失这一问题的担忧,第五段和第六段介绍了董希淼对于现金支付和非现金支付相关的看法,由此判断,本文讲述的是中国的无现金支付与现金支付的情况,B项符合主旨。
2Unit 5 Music
大单元思维知识整合
一、重点单词
1．able adj.有才能的；具备……能力的；能干的→enable vt.使能够；使可能→disable vt.使(某人)残废；使……无能
2．origin n．起源；起因；原因→original adj.原来的；独创的；原作的 n．原件；原作
3．energy n．能源；能量；精力→energetic adj.精力充沛的，充满活力的，精神饱满的
4．perform vi.&vt. 表演；履行；执行→performer n．表演者；演员→performance n．表演；演技；表现
5．prove vt.证明；展现→proof n．证据
6．conduct n．行为；举止；管理方法 vt.组织；安排；带领→conductor n．(乐队、合唱团等的)指挥；(公共汽车的)售票员
7. treatment n. 治疗；对待；处理
8. satisfaction n. 满足；满意；欣慰
9. assume vt.以为；假设
10. equipment n.设备；装备
二、重点短语
1. remind sb ...of sth 提醒......某事
2. come up with... 想出；提出（主意、建议、计划）
3. together with... 连同......；和......在一起:
4. take part in/join in...参加......
5. fall in love with... 爱上（表动作）:
6.lead to ... 导致......；引起......;导向......
7. for the first time 第一次
8. be pleased with... 对......感到满意
三、重点句型
1. A time when... 一段......的时期
2. so....that....如此......以至于，引导结果状语从句
四、重点用法
1. Virtual choir members record themselves while they perform alone on video.
虚拟合唱团成员在独自表演时录制视频。
[例1] Doctors have to perform an operation to save his life.
医生得动手术才能挽救他的生命。
[例2] The police perform a vital role in our society.
警察在我们的社会中起着极其重要的作用。
[知识拓展]
(1)perform a(n) ...role in在……中起……作用
perform one's duty/promise尽职责/履行诺言
perform/carry out an operation/an experiment做手术/实验
(2)performance n.表演，演技，表现
give/put on a performance 演出；表演
(3)performer n. 表演者；演员
2. A virtual choir enables them to add their voices to those of other individuals and become part of the global community.
虚拟合唱团能使他们把自己的声音和其他人的声音合在一起，成为全球社区的一部分。
[例1] Listening to music enables me to relax and forget about my problems.
听音乐使我得以放松并忘记我的烦恼。
[例2] This dictionary will enable better international understanding.
这部词典将促进国际间更好地理解。
[知识拓展]
(1)enable sb.to do sth. 使某人能够做某事
(2)able adj. 有能力的，能干的
be able to do sth. 有能力做某事
(3)unable adj. 不会的，不能的
(4)ability n. 能力；才能
disability n. 无能，残疾，无资格；不利条件
3. It has proved to be a positive influence on the lives of many people.
事实证明，它对许多人的生活产生了积极的影响。
[例1] I strongly believe that hard work enables me to prove my ability.
我坚信，努力工作使我能够证明我的能力。
[例2] The training class will prove to be a useful experience.
培训课将证明是一次有用的经历。
[知识拓展]
prove...to sb. 向某人证明……
prove (oneself) to be...证明(某人自己)是……
prove＋that从句 证明……
It is proved that... 据证明……
五、重点语法
一、过去分词作表语
过去分词作表语时, 与谓语动词构成系表结构, 表示主语的性质、特征或状态。 其前的系动
词可以是表状态的：be，keep, stay, remain等；表示“变成”的：become, get, go等以及表示“感官”的： look, sound,feel等。
1.表“情感类”的过去分词done作表语，已具有形容词词性，表示“人感到……”。 注意：这类词的现在分词doing表示“令人……”。 Everyone present is very inspired at his speech． 听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。 You looked frightened. 你看起来很害怕。 He became interested in two theories. 他对两种理论产生了兴趣。 The book is interesting and I’m interested in it. 这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。
2.有些过去分词作表语，含“被动”之意，但强调主语所处的状态。 注意：过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别： 过去分词作表语，强调主语的特点或所处的状态；而被动语态中，强调主语是动作的承受者。 This shop is now closed．商店关门了。 The door remained locked.门仍然锁着。 Mary is dressed in red. 玛丽穿着红色的衣服。 The cup is broken. 杯子碎了。（强调状态） The cup was broken by Tom. 杯子是被汤姆打碎的。（强调动作）
二、过去分词作状语
分词可作时间，条件，原因，让步，结果，方式，伴随等状语，相当于一个状语从句。分词作状语时，用来修饰一个句子，分词的逻辑主语必须和该句子的主语保持一致。过去分词作状语时，和该句子的主语构成被动关系。
1. 作时间状语 Opened in 1955(= When Disneyland was opened in 1955), Disneyland in California is regarded as the original fun park. 在1955年被开放，加利福尼亚迪斯尼乐园被认为是非常有趣的原始的游乐场。
2.作条件状语 Given more time (=If we are given more time), we will do it better. 如果多给些时间，我们会做得更好。
3.作原因状语 Bitten twice by our dog(=Because the postman had been bitten twice by our dog), the postman refused to deliver our letters. 由于被我家的狗咬过两次,那个邮递员拒绝给我们送信。
4.作让步状语 Told many times(= Although he was told many times), he still couldn’t understand it. 虽然被告诉了好几遍，但她仍然不理解。
5.作方式或伴随状语 The teacher came in, followed (= and was followed) by his students. 老师进来了，后面跟着他的学生。
注意一：和现在分词作状语的区别：
现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子的主语构成主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语构成被动关系。 Seeing his mother, the baby stopped crying.一看见妈妈，婴儿停止哭泣。(句子的主语the baby 和see 构成主动关系) Seen from the top of the mountain, the city is more beautiful. 从山顶看，城市更美丽。(句子的主语the city 和see构成被动关系)
注意二：“连词+doing/ done”句型
有些分词作状语，可在分词前加连词when，while，whenever，if, though/ although, once, until/ till, unless, as, even if/ though, as if/ though等。即： ①连词+doing（表主动，进行） ②连词+done（表被动，完成） While waiting for a bus(=while he was waiting for a bus), he met an old friend. 他在等车时，遇到了一位老朋友。 He will not attend the party unless invited (=unless he is invited).除非被邀请他才去参加聚会。 All is going well as planned (=as it is planned). 一切都按原计划进展顺利。
三．转化成形容词的分词
一些表示情感类的现在分词doing（令人……），过去分词done（人感到……）和“系表结构”中的过去分词done已具有形容词的词性，可直接作状语，定语，表语，补足语等。
1. 表示情感类的： 现在分词doing（令人……） 过去分词done（人感到……） 常见的有： amaze(惊奇), amuse(高兴、开心), astonish(惊异、吃惊), annoy(厌烦), bore(烦恼), confuse(迷惑), depress(抑郁), disappoint(失望), delight(快乐), encourage(鼓舞),embarrass(尴尬、难为情), excite(激动), frighten(害怕), interest(感兴趣), impress(印象深刻), move(感动),please(高兴),puzzle(迷惑),relax(放松), satisfy(满意), surprise(惊讶), shock(震惊),tire(疲劳、厌烦), terrify(可怕),touch(打动),thrill(兴奋),worry(担心) 等。 （注意：修饰人的声音，表情等，用-ed形式） It was a tiring day. It made me tired. 真是累人的一天。它使我感到很累。 The explanation was confusing. I got confused. 这个讲解是令人费解的，我被弄糊涂了。
Though surprised to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. 虽然看到我们感到很吃惊，教授热烈欢迎我们。 Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.实在累坏了，我溜上床很快就睡着了。 （his excited voice/look/expression他兴奋的声音/表情）
2. “系表结构”中的过去分词done已具有形容词的词性，表状态。常见的有： addicted（上瘾的）， absorbed（专心于……的），accustomed（习惯的），born（出生的） , based on（以……为基础）， broken（破碎的）， connected（有关连的；连在一起的）, dressed（穿着），devoted（忠实的；献身于……的）, determined（决心的）， exposed（暴露的），equipped/furnished（装备好的），faced with（面对） ， hidden（藏着的）， injured（受伤的）， lost（陷入、丢失、迷路的）， located/ situated（坐落于……的，位于……的）， occupied（已占用的、忙于……的），prepared for（准备的），related to （有关系的） ， seated（坐着的）， worn out（用旧的，精疲力尽的）等。 Dressed in red, Mary looks more beautiful.（作状语） The girl dressed in red is Mary.（作定语） Mary is dressed in red. （作表语） I found Mary dressed in red . （作宾补） Please remain seated; the winner of the prize will be announced soon. 请在座位上坐着；很快就会宣布获奖者。（作表语） Seated/ Sitting at the back of the classroom, he couldn't see the words on the blackboard clearly. 由于坐在教室后面，他看不清黑板上的字。（作状语） When I came in, I found a strange girl seated/sitting in the corner.我进来时，发现一个陌生女孩坐在角落里。（作宾补） Faced with a difficult situation, he decided to ask his boss for advice. 面对困难的局势，他决定征求老板的建议。（作状语）
大单元综合试题训练
一、填写单词的正确形式
1.Ordinary soap, _____(use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
2._____(move) by the film The Battle at Lake Changjin Ⅱ, we all cried.
3.Her parents' _____(react) to the news was surprisingly calm.
4.The band's _____(perform) was very wonderful, and it left a deep impression on us.
5.The Internet enables us _____(communicate) with our family and friends anytime we want.
6.We should help the elderly make better use of smart technology to access medical _____(treat).
7.The Xi'an City Wall was built _____(original) to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复).
8.There are _____(variety) reasons for the mental problems of middle school students. It's very important for students to have an optimistic attitude.
9.With a series of strange ______(phenomenon) happening, people living in the small village began to suspect that the earthquake was coming.
10.Senior high school students should make the most of their precious school time so that they can have the opportunity _____(enter) a top university.
二、翻译句子
11.这本书如此有趣,以至于我们都喜欢看。
This book is _____ _____ _____ we all enjoy reading it.
12.事实证明,她是正确的,我们应该听从她的劝告。(prove)
_____ _____ _____ _____ she is right, and we should follow her advice.
13.我很荣幸在这里发表演讲。
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ deliver a speech here.
14.由于受到老师的鼓励,学生们学习物理的热情大大提高。 (过去分词作状语)
_____ _____ _____, students' enthusiasm for learning physics has been greatly improved.
15.这个金融问题很难处理,它需要所有人做出努力。
The financial problem _____ _____ _____ _____ _____. It needs efforts made by all the people.
三、七选五
A
Should you listen to music when you work Some will say they love it, claiming that it improves their performance; others will say they cannot work effectively with music playing in the background. ①_____ It just depends on what sort of work you're doing.
In a recent study, we brought participants into our lab with a variety of tasks. They included an easy task—searching through word lists and crossing out words containing the letter "a" and a more difficult task—memorizing word pairs and recalling the partner of each word. Some participants completed all of the tasks in silence, whereas others completed the tasks with instrumental music that was either loud or soft, and either simple or complex, the latter meaning music with more instrumental tracks. ②_____
We found that participants who listened to simple music or no music performed about the same on the easy task. ③_____ Contrarily, participants performed worse on the more difficult task when they listened to any music, regardless of complexity or volume(音量), compared to those who didn't listen to any music.
④_____ Not surprisingly, we typically need to use fewer of our mental resources when we perform easy tasks, whereas demanding tasks require more brainpower. However, because we might be less engaged during easier tasks, there's a greater risk of drifting off to sleep. Music might give us the extra boost we need to get refreshed. ⑤_____ Listening to music can become overkill(过犹不及). So we have to strike a balance between the type of music and the type of a task.
A.How should we understand these findings
B.We concluded several key findings from our study.
C.However, difficult tasks already demand a lot of our mental resources.
D.Our research has found that the effects of work may depend on our personalities.
E.We want to develop a more comprehensive framework that could be applied more broadly.
F. However, participants who listened to complex music performed best on the easy task.
G. Interestingly enough, our research has found that both of these views can be true.
B
Do you often listen to music at great volume You should know that this habit is bad for your hearing, according to the World Health Organization(WHO).
Over 1 billion young people are at risk of hearing loss due to listening to loud noises for long periods of time, WHO said. ①_____
The United Nations has standards for safe listening. It is not safe to listen to sounds that are louder than 85 decibels(分贝) for eight hours or 100 decibels for 15 minutes. The sound of a busy road is about 85 decibels and the sound of a rock concert can be about 100 decibels.
②_____ Most of us are born with about 216,000 hair cells(毛细胞) in our inner ears. These cells detect sounds. However, listening to loud noises for a long time can make these cells work too hard and cause some of them to die. ③_____
Some people might think that their music isn't all that loud. ④_____ For example, if you are in a noisy place like the subway, you might turn up your music too loud without realizing it. Later, when you listen to it at the same volume in a quiet place, it may sound uncomfortably loud, which may have an impact on your hearing.
WHO said the "safe level" for most sound is below 80 decibels for up to 40 hours a week. ⑤_____
A.This is what causes hearing loss.
B.But this can depend on where you are.
C.Loud noises are harmful to the inner ear.
D. There are different ways to protect your hearing.
E.A level of 80 decibels is roughly equal to the noise of a subway.
F.Young people are more sensitive to different sounds than elder people.
G.Listening to music or watching a TV show at great volume can harm your hearing.
答案以及解析
1.答案：used
解析：句中"_____ correctly"为条件状语, use与其逻辑主语"Ordinary soap"之间为动宾关系, 需用过去分词。
2.答案：Moved
解析：考查过去分词作状语。该句中已有谓语动词,所以此处应用非谓语动词的一种形式,设空处与其逻辑主语we之间为被动关系,故用过去分词Moved,构成过去分词短语作原因状语,表示“由于被电影《长津湖之水门桥》打动,我们都哭了”。
3.答案：reaction
解析：考查名词。由设空处前面的名词所有格Her parents'可知此处应填名词 reaction。
4.答案：performance
解析：考查名词。由设空处前面的名词所有格The band's可知此处应用名词,根据空后的was可知应用单数名词,故填 performance。
5.答案：to communicate
解析：考查不定式。enable sb.to do sth.使某人能够做某事。故填to communicate。
6.答案：treatment(s)
解析：考查名词。设空处作access的宾语,且设空处由空前的medical修饰,故此处应填名词,treatment意为“治疗”时既是可数名词又是不可数名词,故填treatment(s)。句意:我们应该帮助老年人更好地利用智能技术来得到医疗。
7.答案：originally
解析：考查副词。设空处作状语,应用副词originally。句意:西安城墙最初是为了保护唐朝的城市而建造的,现在已经完全修复了。
8.答案：various
解析：考查形容词。设空处修饰后面的复数名词reasons,作定语,故应用形容词various。句意:中学生出现心理问题有着各种各样的原因。对学生来说有一个乐观的态度很重要。
9.答案：phenomena
解析：考查名词复数。With a series... happening为with的复合结构,设空处作with的宾语,且由前面的a series of可知应填复数名词phenomena。句意:由于一系列奇怪的现象发生,住在这个小村庄里的人们开始怀疑地震即将来临。
10.答案：to enter
解析：考查不定式。opportunity后常用不定式作后置定语,故填to enter。句意:高中生应该充分利用他们宝贵的在校时间,以便他们能有进入一流大学的机会。
11.答案：so interesting that
12.答案：It is proved that
13.答案：It is an honour for me to
14.答案：Encouraged by teachers
15.答案：is difficult to deal with
16.答案：GBFAC
解析：①上文提到有些人喜欢在工作的时候听音乐,有些人在听音乐的情况下不能有效地工作,设空处下一句提到这要看你在做什么工作,G项“有趣的是,我们的研究发现,这两种观点都可能是正确的”与下文在意思上表述是一致的,符合语境。G项中提到的两种观点就是上文所述的两种观点。
②设空处上文主要介绍了实验参照组之间的区别还有实验流程,下段阐述的是实验结果,B项“我们从我们的研究中总结了几个关键的发现”既是对本段的总结,又引出下文内容。故选B。
③设空处上文提到听简单音乐或不听音乐的参与者在简单任务上的表现都差不多,F项“然而,听复杂音乐的参与者在简单任务上表现最好”符合语境,都是在说在简单的任务上各类参与者的表现。故选F。
④上一段提到了研究结果,设空处后文解释了执行简单的任务时和执行要求高的任务时所需的脑力的区别以及基于这点音乐对我们的不同影响,这是在说明研究结果背后的原理,所以A项“我们应该如何理解这些发现 ”符合语境,可以引出下文内容。
⑤设空处上文提到了在执行简单的任务时音乐会给我们带来好处,而C项“然而,困难的任务已经需要我们大量的精神资源”与下一句“听音乐可能会变为过分之举”是在说明执行困难的任务的情况,符合语境。
17.答案：GCABE
解析：①细节句。设空处上一句提到“超过10亿的年轻人由于长时间听巨大的声音而面临听力损失的风险”,G项“听音乐或看电视节目时音量很大会损害你的听力”与上文表达的意思一致,顺承上文内容,符合语境。
②主旨句。设空处下文提到了我们内耳中毛细胞的情况,长时间听巨大的声音可能会使毛细胞工作过度,导致其死亡,C项“巨大的声音对内耳有害”可以很好地概括下文所述内容,符合语境,“inner ear”为关键词。
③细节句。设空处上一句提到“长时间听巨大的声音会使这些细胞工作过度,导致其中一些细胞死亡”,A项“这就是造成听力损失的原因”是对上文的一个总结,阐述了一些毛细胞死亡会造成的结果—听力损失,符合语境。
④过渡句。设空处上一句提到“有些人可能认为他们的音乐没有那么大声”,而设空处后提到了“如果你在一个像地铁这样嘈杂的地方,你可能会把你的音乐的音量开得太大而没有意识到,之后,当你在一个安静的地方用同样的音量听它时,它可能听起来声音大得令人不舒服”,B项“但这取决于你所在的地方”与设空处上文形成了一种转折关系,同时下文所阐述的内容是对B项所述观点的一个例证,符合语境。
⑤细节句。设空处上一句提到“世界卫生组织表示,大多数声音的‘安全水平’低于80分贝,每周最多40小时”,E项“80分贝的音量水平大致相当于一辆地铁的声音”是对上文提到的“80分贝的音量”的具体解释,让读者对80分贝的音量有了一个更形象的认识,符合语境。
2Unit 2 Wildlife Protection
大单元思维知识整合
一、重点单词
1.threat n．威胁
2.hunt v．打猎；搜寻；追捕
3.rate n．速度；(比)率 vt.划分等级
4.extinct adj.已灭绝的
5.press vt.压；按
6.concern n．担心；关心 vt.让……担忧；涉及
7.legal adj.法律的；合法的
8.alarm vt.使害怕；使惊恐；使担心 n．警报；恐慌；警报器
9.intend vi.& vt.打算；计划；想要→intention n．打算；目的
10.exist vi.存在；生存→existence n．存在；生存
二、重点短语
illegal hunting 非法捕猎
hunt for a job找工作
drop by / to减少了/到
on average平均
under pressure在压力下
care for喜欢，照顾
make profits谋利
watch over监视;照顾
save ... from从…中救出
stir up激起
carry out开展;执行
三、重点句型
1. This is why...“这就是……的原因”
2. only修饰状语位于句首，用部分倒装。
四、重点用法
1. Elephants need large living spaces，so it's difficult for them to adapt to the changes.大象需要很大的生存空间，所以它们很难适应变化。
[知识拓展]
(1)adapt to 适合，适应
adapt oneself to 使自己适应
adapt...to... 使……适应……
adapt...for... 将……改编为……
adapt sth. from sth. 根据……改编……
(2)adaptable adj. 能适应的；可修改的
(3)adaptation n. 改编本；适应
【拓展】
adapt (oneself)to中的to为介词，其后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
The children are finding it hard to adapt to their new surroundings.孩子发觉很难适应新环境。
2. What measures are being taken to help them 正在采取什么措施来帮助它们呢？
[例1] The room measures 10 metres across.这个房间宽十米。
[例2] Education shouldn't be measured purely by examination results.教育不应该仅仅用考试结果来衡量。
[知识拓展]
(1)take measures/steps to do sth. 采取措施做某事
made to measure 量身定制的
(2)measure sth. by sth. 用某物来衡量某物
measure表示“量度为”时，是系动词，后跟测量结果，不用于被动语态及进行时。类似用法的单词还有weigh。
Think about measures of measuring the weight of the elephant.
思考测量大象重量的办法。
3. This is why we're here—to observe Tibetan antelopes.这就是我们来这里的原因——观察藏羚羊。
[例1] As a middle school student，he should observe the school rules and traffic regulations.作为一个中学生，他应该遵守校规和交通规则。
[例2] I observed that several students were asleep in class.我注意到有几个学生在课堂上睡着了。
[知识拓展]
(1)observe sb. do sth.观察到某人做了某事
observe sb. doing sth.观察到某人正在做某事
observe＋that从句 发现……
(2)observation n. 观察，观测
表示“注意到，看到”，后面接复合宾语，其中用动词不定式和v. ing形式作宾语补足语，但动词不定式作宾语补足语时，要省略动词不定式符号to，强调动作发生的全过程，但用于被动语态时，不定式符号to不可省略；v. ing形式作宾语补足语时，强调动作正在进行。
五、重点语法
现在进行时的被动语态表示“说话时或现阶段正在被干的动作”， 主语是动作的承受者。
一．现在进行时被动语态的构成
1．肯定形式：主语+am/is/are＋being＋过去分词 The house is being painted. 房子正在被粉刷。
2. 否定形式: 主语+am/is/are＋not＋being＋过去分词 The trees are not being watered. 树木没有正在被浇水。
3. 疑问形式: Am/Is/Are＋主语＋being＋过去分词？ Is the bridge being built in the village 村子里的桥正在被修吗？
二．主动语态变被动语态的方法:
1.将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 2.将主动谓语变为被动谓语(am/is/are＋being+过去分词)。 3.将主动语态的主语变为by短语(在被动句中用作状语, 若不强调动词执行者，被动语态中的by短语通常可以省略)。 Scientists are studying the new disease 主语 谓语 宾语 at present. →The new disease is being studied at present 主语 谓语 by scientists. 状语 They are building nine parks. 主语 谓语 宾语 →Nine parks are being built (by them). 主语 谓语 状语
大单元综合试题训练
一、填写单词的正确形式
1.Jim ______(interview) by the reporters at the very moment.
2.Mothers are often the ones who provide _______(emotion) support for the family.
3.Penny tended to work through her lunch hour in an effort _____(keep) up with others.
4.Tu Youyou is a(n) _____(usual) woman scientist—she has made great contributions to medicine.
5.My washing machine _______(repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
6.To our surprise, the number of people giving concerts online is increasing at an _____(alarm) rate.
7.Students should pay attention to _____(reduce) their carbon footprint and protect the environment.
8.We have organized various activities to raise people's _____(aware) of the protection of the environment.
9.The number of these endangered animals is increasing. It shows that they _____(protect) in this area now.
10.We should know that during the patients' _____(recover), they need to have a good rest and eat some light(清淡的) food.
二、翻译句子
11.说到公共演讲,少通常是多。
_____ _____ _____ _____ public speaking, less is usually more.
12.在11月11日那天,我最喜欢的那条裙子减价到了200元。
My favourite dress _____ _____ _____ 200 yuan on November 11.
13.她足够幸运被选中加入此队。
She _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ for the team.
14.那个小男孩最近进步很快,总是被他的老师们表扬。
The little boy has made rapid progress recently and _____ _____ _____ _____ by his teachers.
15.他工作非常努力。正是这个原因,他在研究上取得了很大的进步。 (强调句型)
He works very hard. _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ he has made great progress in his research.
三、阅读理解
A
Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding(繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf(犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity(圈养).
Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: "Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day."
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.
According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the rhinos a "critically endangered" status.
16.Which of the following best describes the breeding programme
A.Costly. B.Controversial. C.Ambitious. D.Successful.
17.What does Paul Beer say about the new-born rhino
A.She loves staying with her mother. B.She dislikes outdoor activities.
C.She is in good condition. D.She is sensitive to heat.
18.What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have
A.They had their first born in January. B.They enjoyed exploring new places.
C.They lived with their grandmothers. D.They were brought to the reserve young.
19.What can be inferred about Port Lympne Reserve
A.The rhino section will be open to the public.
B.It aims to control the number of the animals.
C.It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.
D.Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.
B
The African grey parrot's ability to talk and mimic sounds makes it a charming companion. African grey parrot owners often report that their grey parrots often talk in context and can understand their people's emotions. The African grey parrot is not just atop talker—this bird is also known for its extreme intelligence(智力), which gives it the name "The Einstein in the Bird World".
The bird is middle-sized, dusty-looking and almost pigeon-like. It has a bright red tail, intelligent orange eyes, and a stunning scalloped(扇形的) pattern on its feathers. Their diet in the wild consists mostly of nuts, seeds, fruits, and leafy matter.
At home, African grey parrots need plenty of toys that challenge their intelligence, such as food searching and puzzle toys. Nutri-Berries by Lafeber Company is a perfect choice, which, with a balance of grains(谷物), seeds and other nutrients(营养物) in the shape of a berry, encourages African grey parrots to bite and play, just as they do in the wild.
African grey parrots seem especially affected by stress and disturbing noise in their environment and can be put more at ease by placing one corner of the cage against a wall as opposed to in the middle of a room.
African grey parrots are more likely to suffer from lack of vitamin A/beta-carotene (β-胡萝卜素), and therefore benefit from eating vegetables high in beta-carotene, such as cooked sweet potato and fresh kale. Lack of vitamin D is another concern, especially for grey parrots on a poor diet. Offering a balanced, pill-shaped diet, such as Nutri-Berries, helps prevent vitamin and mineral shortage.
20.Why is the African grey parrot called "The Einstein in the Bird World"
A.Because of their brain size. B.On account of their cleverness.
C.Owing to their rich emotions. D.Due to their talking ability.
21.What can "Nutri-Berries" probably be
A.A brand of bird food. B.Puzzle toys for birds.
C.A type of round fruit. D.Good intelligence games.
22.What can we know about African grey parrots
A.They may get ill due to lack of vitamins.
B.They prefer to stay in the middle of a room.
C.They are dusty-looking with blue eyes.
D.They are smart and love to have fun.
23.Where can we most probably find the passage
A.In a wildlife magazine. B.In a history book.
C.In a travel guide. D.On a shopping website.
答案以及解析
1.答案：is being interviewed
解析：考查现在进行时的被动语态及主谓一致。句意:吉姆此时此刻正在被记者采访。Jim和interview之间为被动关系,根据时间状语at the very moment以及句意可知应用现在进行时的被动语态。故填is being interviewed。
2.答案：emotional
解析：考查词性转换。句意：母亲通常是为家庭提供精神支持的人。空格后面的support为名词，所以应用形容词emotional修饰。
3.答案：to keep
解析：考查动词不定式。in an effort to do sth.意为“为了做某事”。故填to keep。句意:为了跟上其他人,Penny往往午饭时间也在工作。
4.答案：unusual
解析：考查反义词。句意:屠呦呦是一位不寻常的女科学家,她对医学做出了巨大的贡献。根据句意可知,此处应填unusual,意为“不寻常的”。
5.答案：is being repaired
解析：考查时态和语态。句意：我的洗衣机这周正在被修理，因此我不得不手洗我的衣服。洗衣机是被修理的，且由语境可知，洗衣机正在被修，因此用现在进行时的被动语态。
6.答案：alarming
解析：考查形容词。设空处修饰名词rate,应用形容词alarming,意为“惊人的”。句意:令我们吃惊的是,在线开音乐会的人数正以惊人的速度增长。
7.答案：reducing
解析：考查动名词。pay attention to意为“注意”,其中to是介词,其后要跟动名词,故填reducing。此处指学生们应该注意减少他们的碳足迹。
8.答案：awareness
解析：考查名词。设空处作raise 的宾语,且由前面的名词所有格people's可知此处应填名词awareness。句意:我们组织了各种各样的活动来提高人们环境保护的意识。
9.答案：are being protected
解析：考查现在进行时的被动语态及主谓一致。句意:这些濒危动物的数量正在增加。这表明它们现在在这个地区正受到保护。they与protect 之间是被动关系,根据“数量正在增加”可知,此处应使用现在进行时的被动语态。故填are being protected。
10.答案：recovery
解析：考查名词。设空处作during的宾语,且由前面的名词所有格patients’可知此处应填名词recovery。句意:我们应该知道,在病人恢复期间,他们需要好好休息并且吃一些清淡的食物。
11.答案：When it comes to
12.答案：was reduced to
13.答案：was lucky enough to be chosen
14.答案：is always being praised
15.答案：It is for this reason that
16.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve以及especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity可知, 人工繁育黑犀牛是很困难的, 而这个项目已迎来第40头人工繁育的黑犀牛, 由此可知, 该项目十分成功。故选D项。
17.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore.可知, 这头新繁育出的黑犀牛幼崽身体状况良好。故选C项。
18.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的When the tiny creature arrived on January 31和第二段中的Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum以及第三段中的arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima可知, 这两头黑犀牛的共同之处在于它们都是在1月份产下第一只幼崽。故选A项。
19.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild可知, 现在说是否将这两头新繁育的黑犀牛幼崽送回野生保护区还为时过早, 从而可推断出该基地可能会视情况将一些繁育出的黑犀牛送回野生保护区。故选D项。
20.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“this bird is also known for its extreme intelligence, which gives it the name ‘The Einstein in the Bird World’.”可知,非洲灰鹦鹉因其异乎寻常的智力而被称为“鸟界的爱因斯坦”。故选B。
21.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Nutri-Berries by Lafeber Company is a perfect choice, which, with a balance of grains, seeds and other nutrients in the shape of a berry”可知,Lafeber公司生产的Nutri-Berries是一个完美的选择,它被制成浆果的形状,含有均衡搭配的谷物、种子和其他营养物质,由此判断出,Nutri-Berries 应该是一种鸟粮品牌。故选A。
22.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“this bird is also known for its extreme intelligence”可知,非洲灰鹦鹉非常聪明;根据第三段中的“Nutri-Berries by Lafeber Company...encourages African grey parrots to bite and play, just as they do in the wild.”可知,Lafeber公司生产的Nutri-Berries能让非洲灰鹦鹉像在野外一样咬和玩耍,这说明它们爱玩。综合两条线索来看本题选D。
23.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。本文从非洲灰鹦鹉的说话和模仿声音的能力、智力、外形、喜欢挑战自己的智力、喜欢玩乐、容易受压力和噪音影响以及容易缺少的营养物这些方面对其进行了详细的介绍,因此这篇文章最有可能出现在野生动物杂志上。故选A。
2Unit 1 Cultural Heritage
大单元思维知识整合
一、重点单词
heritage n.遗产（历史、传统等）
creative adj.创造性的；有创造力的；有创意的→ creatively adv.创造性地；有创造力地→create v.创造→creation n.创造；创建→creator n.造物主；创造者
temple n.寺，庙；
relic n.遗物；遗迹；
mount v.爬上；爬；登；n.山峰
former adj.以前的；前者的→form n.表格；形式；v.形成
clue n.线索；提示
preserve v.保存；保护；维持；n.保护区→preservation n.保留；保存
promote v.促进；提升；推销；晋级→promotion n.促进；促销；晋升
app n.应用程序（全称application）→apply v.申请；应用→applicant n.申请者
balance n.平衡；均匀；v.使平衡
dam n.水坝；拦河坝
proposal n.提议；建议；求婚→propose v.提议；建议
protest n.抗议；v.反抗；反对；抗议
likely adj.可能的；adv.可能地
committee n.委员会
establish v.建立；创立→establishment n.建立；创立
limit n.限度；限制；v.限制；限定
prevent v.阻止；阻碍；妨碍→prevention n.预防；防止
loss n.丧失；损失
contribute v.捐献；捐助；为...做贡献→contribution n.捐款；贡献；捐赠
department n.部；司；科
fund n.基金；专款；v.为...提供资金
within prep./adv.在...之内
二、重点短语
cultural heritage/relics 文化遗产；文化遗迹
ancient civilization 古代文明
world cultural heritage sites 世界文化遗址
intangible cultural heritage 非物质文化遗产
traditional artefacts/crafts 传统手工艺品
a perfectly preserved ancient town保存完好的古镇
be added/listed to the world heritage list 被列入世界遗产名录
pass on fine culture 传承优秀文化
a symbol of 象征
a sheet of... 一张...
lead to 导致；指向
take part in 参与；参加
in one’s opinion 在某人看来（as for）
give way to 屈服；让步（give in）
keep balance 保持平衡
三、重点句型
1. there comes a time when ...
2. not only …but also…
3. suggest that … should do...
4.It is said that ... 据说...
四、重点用法
1. Frederick Wiliam l, the King of Prussia, could never have imacined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history. 普鲁国王威廉一世绝不可能想到他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有这样一段合人惊讶的历史。
couldnt have done意为“过去不可能做了某事”表示对过去已发生的事情较有把握的否定推测。
2. This gift was the Amber Room, which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it.这件礼物就是琥珀屋，它之所以有这个名字，是因为造这间房子用了好几吨的琥珀
be used to do sth.被用于做某事 Wood is used to make into desks.
be/get used to (doing)sth. 习惯做某事 He is used to getting up early. use
to do sth.过去常常做某事
I used to have a walk after supper, but now I'm used to playing basketball.
五、重点语法
1.单个介词+which/ whom
介词的选择：
①根据和从句中动词的搭配
②根据和从句中形容词的搭配。
③根据和先行词的搭
④根据句意
注意：定语从句的谓语动词如果是以介词结尾的短语动词，则不可把介词移至从句之首。
如： look for, look after, pay attention to ,take care of , look forward to, listen to等。
2.介词短语+which/ whom
Jack was a famous doctor, with the help of whom they succeeded in the operation.杰克是一位名医，在他的帮助下他们成功做了手术。
He works in a factory, in front of which lies a river.
他在一个工厂工作，工厂前面有一条河。
3.不定代词/数词/名词+of which/ whom(of which/ whom也可放前)
There are 60 students in our class, 41 of whom/ of whom 41 are girls我们班有60名学生，其中41名是女生。
4.the+形容词比较级或最高级/ 序数词+of which/ whom（of which/ whom 也可放前)
In his office there are nine clerks, the youngest of whom/ of whom the youngest is Mr. Liu. 他办公室有9位职员, 其中最年轻的是刘先生。
5.介词+ which/whose+名词（which/whose作名词的定语）
He may be late, in which case we’ll have to put off the meeting.他也许会迟到，那样的话我们只好推迟会议了。
补充三种特殊情况
1.since when引导的定语从句
when指代前面句子所提供的时间背景，从句中多用现在完成时
That was in 1997, since when things have been better.
那是在1997年，从那时起情况就已经好转了。（since when指代 since 1997）
比较：That was in 1997, when things were better. 那是在1997年，那时情况有了好转。.( when指代in 1997)
2.from where引导的定语从句，表示从某一个地点
Tom hid himself behind the door, from where he could hear the steps of his mother clearly. （from where指代 from behind the door）汤姆躲在门后，从那里他可以清楚地听到妈妈的脚步声。
3.介词+which/ whom+ to do，相当于介词+which/ whom引导的定语从句
I have only $10 with which to buy him a present.
我只有10美元来给他买礼物。（=with which I could buy him a present）
I want to make friends with Jack from whom to improve my English.
我想和杰克交朋友，从他那儿提高我的英语水平。（=from whom I can improve my English）
大单元综合试题训练
一、填写单词的正确形式
1.A terrible flood hit Shanxi Province, causing a great _____(lose).
2.She explains her findings by making a _____(compare).
3.We had walked _____(far) than I had realized.
4.I believe that every child has ______(limit) potential(潜力) to succeed.
5.The ______(apply) of robots in libraries makes the job of librarians easier.
6.Zhang Guimei has made great _____(contribute) to the cause of education.
7.To introduce _____(tradition) Chinese culture, our school will hold a class meeting.
8.To keep healthy, students should take exercise regularly and have a _____(balance) diet.
9.As a _____(profession) driver, I managed to drive my car back onto the highway without an accident.
10.The heavy snow caused the _____(roof) of many greenhouses for growing vegetables in Shenyang to be damaged.
二、翻译句子
11.清明节那天可能会下雨。(likely)
_____ _____ _____ _____ it will rain on Tomb-sweeping Day.
12.自那时以来,文化遗产得到了很好的保护。(preserve)
The cultural heritage _____ _____ _____ _____ since then.
13.积极参加课外活动有利于学生的身心健康。 (动名词短语作主语)
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ after-school activities is beneficial to students' mental and physical health.
14.他觉得捐一大笔钱来确保这些贫困的孩子能得到良好的教育是值得的。 (worthwhile)
He thought _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ a lot of money to make sure these poor children could get a good education.
15.曾经有一段时间人们没有注意保持工作和放松之间的平衡。 (定语从句; balance)
There _____ _____ _____ _____ people didn't pay attention to _____ _____ _____ _____ work _____ relaxation.
三、阅读理解
A
Journey Back in Time with Scholars
Classical Provence(13 days)
Journey through the beautiful countryside of Provence, France, with Prof. Ori Z. Soltes. We will visit some of the best-preserved Roman monuments in the world. Our tour also includes a chance to walk in the footsteps of Van Gogh and Gauguin. Fields of flowers, tile-roofed(瓦屋顶) villages and tasty meals enrich this wonderful experience.
Southern Spain(15 days)
Spain has lovely white towns and the scent(芳香) of oranges, but it is also a treasury of ancient remains including the cities left by the Greeks, Romans and Arabs. As we travel south from Madrid with Prof. Ronald Messier to historic Toledo, Roman Mérida and into Andalucia, we explore historical monuments and architecture.
China's Sacred Landscapes(21 days)
Discover the China of "past ages," its walled cities, temples and mountain scenery with Prof. Robert Thorp. Highlights(精彩之处) include China's most sacred peaks at Mount Tai and Hangzhou's rolling hills, waterways and peaceful temples. We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with an exceptional museum in Shanghai.
Tunisia(17 days)
Join Prof. Pedar Foss on our in-depth Tunisian tour. Tour highlights include the Roman city of Dougga, the underground Numidian capital at Bulla Regia, Roman Sbeitla and the remote areas around Tataouine and Matmata, unique for underground cities. Our journey takes us to picturesque Berber villages and lovely beaches.
16.What can visitors see in both Classical Provence and Southern Spain
A.Historical monuments. B.Fields of flowers.
C.Van Gogh's paintings. D.Greek buildings.
17.Which country is Prof. Thorp most knowledgeable about
A.France. B.Spain. C.China. D.Tunisia.
18.Which of the following highlights the Tunisian tour
A.White towns. B.Underground cities.
C.Tile-roofed villages. D.Rolling hills.
B
Civita, the dying town
Some 120 kilometers north of Rome, street signs along the road tell drivers they're bound for "the dying town" Civita di Bagnoregio. The village stands on a declining plateau(高原). It has gone through landslides(泥石流), earthquakes, and erosion(腐蚀) since humans' first settlement about 2, 500 years ago. Nowadays Civita has been reduced to only 90 by 150 meters.
In the Middle Ages, the size of the plateau was three times its size nowadays, and the population was over 3,000, yet the river surrounding Civita gradually made the town collapse from the bottom up. Since 1695, when a destructive earthquake took place in Civita, many people have been forced to escape from their hometown, and the population there has never recovered. By the 1920s, there were merely 600 residents in the town. Currently, there are only about 10 residents. What a small population it has!
The survival of Civita is uncertain. However, as the news that the town is about to disappear started to widely spread, more and more people wanted to visit it. Now up to 10,000people visit Civita per day. And there is doubt as to whether it will die. The flood of people and money leads to natives longing for the rescue of the town.
Yet the actual situation in Civita is that there are no grocery stores, hardware stores, or convenience stores. People living there can only have access to a handful of restaurants and tourist shops. Besides, they have to get supplies through a narrow, 300-meter-long bridge that connects them to the outside world.
Today, Civita is pursuing a UNESCO World Heritage designation in order to earn official recognition of its landscape and adaptability to nature. Recently, the town presented a 242-page document to UNESCO, hoping that it could help strengthen Civita's role as a site of historical and cultural significance. Also, Civita's UNESCO team plans to create tourist attractions in the surrounding towns. If Civita recovers successfully, other towns in the same situation could find a direction based on its experience.
19.What has made Civita become smaller
A.The inconvenient transport. B.The natural conditions.
C.The settlement of humans. D.The decrease of the population.
20.Why do so many visitors flood in Civita every day
A.Because they want to rescue it.
B.Because they are attracted by its scenery.
C.Because they are interested in its natives.
D.Because they want to catch the last chance to see it.
21.What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A.The stores in the town. B.The daily activities of local people.
C.The appearance of the town. D.The living conditions in the town.
22.Which word can best describe the possible future of Civita
A.Unchangeable. B.Hopeful. C.Disappointing. D.Doubtful.
答案以及解析
1.答案：loss
解析：考查名词。根据a可知此处应用名词。故填loss,意为“损失”。句意:一场可怕的洪水袭击了山西省,造成了巨大的损失。句中causing a great loss为现在分词短语作结果状语。
2.答案：comparison
解析：考查名词。根据空前的a可知此处应填名词comparison。make a comparison表示“作比较”。
3.答案：farther/further
解析：考查副词的比较级。句意:在我不知不觉中我们已经走得更远了。根据句意及句中than引导的比较状语从句可知此处应填far的比较级farther或further,表示“(距离)更远”,farther 和further在此处为副词。
4.答案：limitless
解析：考查形容词。设空处修饰其后的名词potential,应用形容词,此处指每个孩子都有无限的成功的潜力,故用形容词limitless,意为“无限的”。
5.答案：application
解析：考查名词。根据设空处前的定冠词The和设空处后的介词of可知此处应用名词,故填application,意为“应用”。此处指图书馆中机器人的应用。
6.答案：contributions
解析：考查名词。make a contribution to.../make contributions to...意为“对……做出贡献”。故填contributions。句意:张桂梅对教育事业做出了巨大的贡献。
7.答案：traditional
解析：考查形容词。根据设空处后的culture可知此处应用形容词作定语,故填traditional,意为“传统的”。
8.答案：balanced
解析：考查形容词。修饰名词diet应用形容词,故填balanced,意为“平衡的”。have a balanced diet意为“均衡饮食”。
9.答案：professional
解析：考查词性转换。句意:作为一名专业司机,我设法开车返回到公路上而没出事故,此处修饰名词driver,故应用形容词形式。
10.答案：roofs
解析：考查名词复数。roof是可数名词,根据设空处后面的many greenhouses 可知此处应用可数名词的复数形式。roof的复数形式是roofs。
11.答案：It is likely that
12.答案：has been preserved well
13.答案：Taking an active part in
14.答案：it was worthwhile to donate
15.答案：was a time when; keeping the balance between; and
16.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一部分中的"We will visit some of the best-preserved Roman monuments in the world."和第二部分中的"we explore historical monuments and architecture"可知, 在普罗旺斯和西班牙南部, 游客们可以参观历史遗迹。故选A项。
17.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三部分中的"Discover the China of 'past ages'...waterways and peaceful temples."可知, 去中国的神山之行总共有21天, 而且索普对中国的名山非常了解。由此推测在这四个国家里索普最了解中国。故选C项。
18.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四部分中的"Tour highlights include the Roman city of Dougga...unique for underground cities."可知, 突尼斯的旅游亮点是地下城市。故选B项。
19.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It has gone through landslides(泥石流), earthquakes, and erosion(腐蚀)... Nowadays Civita has been reduced to only 90 by 150 meters.”可知是自然条件让Civita变小了。故选B。
20.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“as the news that the town is about to disappear started to widely spread, more and more people wanted to visit it”可知当这个城镇快要消失的消息开始广泛传播开来时,越来越多的人想去参观它,由此可推断他们是想在它消失前抓住最后的机会去看一看它。故选D。
21.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。第四段提到了这个城镇的实际情况是没有杂货店、五金店和便利店,住在那里的人只能接触到为数不多的餐馆和旅游商店,此外,他们还不得不通过一座300米长的窄桥获得物资,这座桥将他们与外界连接起来,这是在描述这个城镇的生活状况。故选D。
22.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。最后一段提到了该城镇向联合国教科文组织提出的申请以及递交资料等信息,也提到了Civita的联合国教科文组织团队计划在周边城镇创建旅游景点,由这些所做的努力可知Civita的未来还是充满希望的。故选B。
2Unit 4 History and Traditions
大单元思维知识整合
一、重点单词
1．defend vt.保护；保卫；为……辩护→defence n．防御；保卫
2．evident adj.明显的；明白的→evidence n．证据；证明
3．achieve vt.完成；成就；取得→achievement n．成就；成绩；达到
4．surround vt.围绕；包围→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n．环境
5．locate v．确定……的地点→location n．地方；地点；位置
6．legal adj.法律的；合法的→illegal adj.非法的
7．greet vt.问候；迎接→greeting n．问候；迎接
二、重点短语
1. be similar to与......相似
2.be confused by 对......感到困惑
3. join..to..把......和......连接或联结起来
4. break away(from sb/sth)脱离；背叛；逃脱；克服（习惯）
5. result in 结果为；导致；
6.as well as 同（一样也）；和；还
7.leave behind 落下、忘带；留下；把......抛在后面
8.date back to 起源于，追溯到
9.keep your eyes open(for)留心；留意
三、重点句型
1. must have been一定做过某事
2.sb/sth is likely to do sth某人、某物有可能做某事
四、重点用法
1.Finally，in the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK...
最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰的南部脱离了英国……
[例1] What can we do to help them break away from the difficult position
我们能做些什么来帮助他们摆脱困境呢？
[例2] It was wrong for him to break away from all his good friends.
他和他所有的好朋友决裂是错误的。
[知识拓展]
break down 损坏；分解；(汽车)抛锚
break in 非法闯入；插嘴，打断
break into 破门而入，非法闯入；突然……起来
break off 打断；折断；中断(说话)
break out (战争、火灾、疾病等)突然发生，爆发
break through 冲突；突破
break up 分解；分裂
2. The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.
所属英国的四个国家在一些领域进行了合作。
[例1] Those books belong to the library but this is my own.
那些书是图书馆的，但这本是我自己的。
[例2] Anyone has no right to take the land belonging to the state as their own.
任何人都没有权力占有属于国家的土地。
[知识拓展]
(1)belong in 适于；适宜(放在某处)
(2)belongings n. 动产；财物
3. They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence．像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。
(1)as well as 同(一样也)；和；还
[例1] We can know more about the life of great people as well as history and cultures of other countries.
我们能够了解更多伟人的生活以及其他国家的历史和文化。
[例2] As well as being a photographer，she is a talented musician.
她除了是个摄影师，还是个天才音乐家。
[知识拓展]
as well as连接两种词性、结构对等的成分，如对等名词、动词、代词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式等。重点掌握以下要点：
(1)as well as连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词根据其前面的名词或代词确定。
(2)as well as位于句首，相当于besides，in addition to，后接动词时，用动名词形式。
(3)as well as也可以表示同级比较，意思是“和……一样好”，well为副词。
五、重点语法
过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作。规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加-ed构成；不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则。过去分词一般在句子中可以用作定语、宾语补足语、表语和状语，但不能单独作谓语。
一．过去分词作定语的用法
（一）过去分词作定语的位置
1.一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即 放在被修饰词之前。 注意：有时为了表示强调，也可放在被修饰词之后。 tired visitors疲惫的游客 a well-organised trip组织有序的旅行 beautifully dressed stars衣着华丽的明星 The disease was caused by polluted water. 这种疾病是由污染了的水造成的。 We finished the run in less than half the time allowed. 我们用了不到规定时间的一半就跑完了。 He is one of those invited.他是那些被邀请的人之一。
2.过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在被修饰词之后。 visitors tired of the long wait厌倦了漫长等待的游客 a trip organised well by my workplace我的工厂安排得很好的旅行 stars dressed beautifully at the event在活动中打扮得很漂亮的明星 The river polluted by daily waste is now dirty and smelly. 被日常废物污染的河水现在脏且难闻。
（二）过去分词作定语的时态和语态
1. 及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成。被修饰词是其逻辑主语，和被修饰词构成被动关系，且该动作已经完成。 过去分词作定语时，相当于定语从句。 过去分词（短语）作非限定性定语，相当于非限定性定语从句，用来补充说明被修饰词的情况，通常用逗号与主句隔开。 I don't like the book written by Martin (=which was written by Martin). 我不喜欢马丁写的这本书。 It is a house built by the Romans（= which was built by the Romans）. 这是罗马人建的房子。 The problem, discussed yesterday (=which was discussed yesterday）, has been solved. 昨天讨论的问题被解决了。 They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack （=which is known as the Union Jack）. 他们使用同一面国旗，被称为“英国国旗”。
2. 不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成，不表示被动。 fallen leaves落下的叶子 boiled water 开过的水 the developed countries 发达国家
注意：过去分词和现在分词作定语的区别：
现在分词作定语，和被修饰词构成主动关系，且该动作正在进行，即表“主动、进行”； 过去分词作定语，和被修饰词构成被动关系，且该动作已经完成，即表“被动、完成”。 The workers building the houses work day and night.正在建房子的工人日夜工作。（workers和build是主动关系） The houses built last year are for the villagers .去年建成的房子是给村民的。（houses和build是被动关系）
二．过去分词作宾语补足语的用法
“及物动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构中，过去分词done作宾语补足语，表示与宾语构成被动关系。
1.用于feel, find, hear, notice, see, smell, observe, watch, think等表示感觉或心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。 I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now.刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。 When he woke up in the hospital, he found himself surrounded by doctors and nurses. 当他在医院醒来时，他发现自己被医生和护士包围着。
2.用于get, have, make, keep, leave等使役动词后作宾语补足语。 The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself heard. 演讲者提高嗓音但还是不能让听众听到他的声音。 He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.他昨天拔了牙。 They had castles built all around England. 他们在英格兰各地建造了城堡。
3.用于wish, want, would like, expect, order等表示“意欲”“命令”的动词后面作宾语补足语。 The boss ordered the plan carried out as soon as possible. 老板命令计划尽可能块地被执行。 The father wants his daughter taught Japanese. 这位父亲想让女儿学日语。
4.用于with复合结构中作宾语补足语。 With the work finished, he went out for a walk. 工作完成了，他到外面散步去了。 The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。
注意：过去分词和现在分词作宾语补足语的区别：
过去分词done作宾语补足语，表示与宾语构成被动关系；现在分词doing作宾语补足语，表示与宾语构成主动关系。 I heard her singing an English song when I passed by. 当我从旁经过时，我听见她正在唱英文歌。 I often heard the English song sung by young people at the party. 我经常听到这首英文歌被年轻人在聚会时唱起。 It was cold, and she had the fire burning day and night. 天很冷，她让炉火日夜烧着。 I had my car repaired last week. 我上周找人修理了汽车。
大单元综合试题训练
一、填写单词的正确形式
1.The soldiers fought bravely in ______(defend) of their country.
2.This kind of vitamin is beneficial to your _____(sense) organs.
3.The achievements that he made in this field are _____(strike).
4.It is _____(legal) to hunt endangered wildlife according to the law.
5.Due to its geographical _____(locate), Brazil has a fairly mild winter.
6.His _____(greet) was familiar and friendly, which left a good impression on others.
7.Standing on the top of the mountain, we admired the _____(surround) scenery.
8.These poets, as well as the famous author, _____(invite) to attend the conference last month.
9.It is _____(evidence) that the Confucian(儒家的) philosophy influenced a large number of ancient people.
10.Some people are tired of the _____(crowd) city streets. They prefer to live in the countryside, where they can live a peaceful life.
二、翻译句子
11.她在这次比赛中获得了一等奖,这给了她一种成就感。 (achieve)
She won first prize in this competition, which _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____.
12.许多树被大风刮倒,堵塞了很多道路。(现在分词)
A number of trees were blown over by the high winds, _____ _____ _____.
13.随着冬季的来临,冰雪运动变得越来越受欢迎。 (approach; with的复合结构)
_____ _____ _____, ice and snow sports are becoming more and more popular.
14.目前这个城市有100多个公园,其中的80%对公众免费开放。 (charge)
The city currently has more than 100 parks, 80 percent of which are open to the public _____ _____ _____.
15.这个讲座的目的是对学生如何保护自己免受校园欺凌提出建议。 (defend)
The lecture is aimed at giving advice on how students _____ _____ _____ school bullying.
三、阅读理解
A
Organic food(有机食品) is very popular. It is also expensive. Some organic food costs twice as much as non-organic food. Some parents and pet owners pay up to 200 percent more for organic food, while some people think organic food is a waste of money.
There is one main difference between organic and non-organic food. Organic farms do not use agricultural chemicals, such as pesticides(杀虫剂). This makes sure that the products are natural.
Some people think "organic" means "locally grown". At the beginning, this was true. Over time organic farming became more difficult. The demand for organic food grew larger than the supply. Small companies had to sell out to large companies. There weren't enough organic materials. This made it difficult for many organic companies to stay in business. Today, many large companies have an organic line of products.
Is organic food more nutritious(有营养的) This is part of the debate. Many farmers and consumers(消费者) believe it is. They think agricultural chemicals cause health problems, such as cancer. Many health experts disagree. Few studies prove that organic food prevents health problems. Health experts worry more about bacteria(细菌). These can come into contact with organic and non-organic food. Doctors recommend washing produce very carefully.
Most people agree that naturally grown food tastes better. Is tastier food worth the extra money This is a matter of opinion. Whether it is healthier or not may require more research. However, organic consumers argue that it is better to be safe than sorry.
16.What is the doctors' suggestion
A.Grow your own food. B.Reduce the use of pesticides.
C.Make sure the food is clean. D.Buy large companies' products.
17.Which of the following do most people agree on organic food
A.It tastes better. B.It is easier to grow.
C.It contains more fat. D.It is more nutritious.
18.What is probably the major concern of organic food consumers
A.Price. B.Safety. C.Freshness. D.The variety.
19.Where does this text probably come from
A.A health magazine. B.A medical report.
C.A chemistry paper. D.A menu of a restaurant.
B
Facial recognition(面部识别) cameras are everywhere, including in your smartphone. Many people rely on this technology to unlock their phones, open doors or make quick payments, but there is a problem: Everyone is wearing masks. What a hassle!
Now, tech companies have updated their software. Facial recognition technology can now identify people even if they are wearing a mask.
Beijing-based tech company Hanvon has announced a software which can correctly recognize 95 percent of people wearing masks, Engineering & Technology reported. What's the secret It's all about your eyes. Marios Savvides, a professor at Carnegie Mellon University, US, studies facial recognition technology. "As we get older," he said, "the shape of our faces changes, but not the area around our eyes. It stays the same-even if we put on weight." Another company, Geneva-basedTech5, has also been working on this kind of software. Another Japan-based NEC claims an surprising 99.9 percent accuracy rate when identifying people with masks.
"Facial recognition software is about more than just unlocking your phone. It's about public safety. For example, you don't need to present an ID card, which can be lost or stolen. It also means that virus aren't spread by touching things," said NEC's Shinya Takeshima. Touchless verification(验证) has become extremely important due to the coronavirus," he said to Reuters. "We hope to contribute to safety and peace of mind." More than that, facial recognition can be used to fight crime. "It can detect crime suspects or terrorists," said Huang Lei, Hanvon's vice president. Similar technology is used by the United States Air Force and other governments.
Huang admits one big weakness of this technology: It fails when people wear both a mask and sunglasses. "In this situation, all of the key facial information is lost," Huang said to Engineering & Technology.
20.What does the underlined word "hassle" in Paragraph 1probably mean
A.Habit. B.Mistake. C.Rule. D.Trouble.
21.What does the facial recognition software mainly depend onto identify people with masks
A.The forehead. B.The shape of the face.
C.The eye region. D.The facial expression.
22.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A.The new technology cannot keep key facial information.
B.It is necessary to make improvement in the new technology.
C.Huang has a negative attitude toward the new technology.
D. The new technology doesn't work when people wear sunglasses.
23.What is the passage mainly about
A.The advantages of the facial recognition software.
B.The new advance of the facial recognition technology and the present weakness of the facial recognition software.
C.The problem of the present facial recognition technology.
D.Different types of the facial recognition software.
答案以及解析
1.答案：defence
解析：考查名词。in defence of...意为“为了保护……”,故填defence。
2.答案：sensory
解析：考查形容词。设空处修饰后面的复数名词organs,作定语,故用形容词 sensory,意为“感官的,感觉的”。
3.答案：striking
解析：考查形容词。该句中的that he made in this field为定语从句,修饰先行词The achievements,设空处为主句中的表语,故用形容词striking。句意:他在这个领域取得的成就引人注目。
4.答案：illegal
解析：考查形容词。句意:根据法律,捕杀濒危野生动物是违法的。根据句意可知,此处应用形容词illegal,意为“违法的”。该句中It作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式短语,设空处在句中作表语。
5.答案：location
解析：考查名词。由设空处前面的形容词性物主代词its和形容词geographical可知此处应填名词location。
6.答案：greeting
解析：考查名词。该句中的which left a good impression on others为非限制性定语从句,设空处为主句中的主语,且由设空处前面的形容词性物主代词His可知此处应用名词,由空后的was可知应用名词单数,故填greeting。句意:他的问候亲切而友好,给他人留下了一个好印象。
7.答案：surrounding
解析：考查形容词。设空处修饰后面的名词scenery,作定语,故用形容词surrounding。
8.答案：were invited
解析：考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处在句中作谓语,根据时间状语last month可知应用一般过去时;此处指这些诗人和那位著名的作家都被邀请参加那场会议,应用被动语态;当“A as well as B”结构作主语时,谓语动词应与A在人称和数方面保持一致。故填were invited。
9.答案：evident
解析：考查形容词。该句中的It是形式主语,that引导的从句作真正的主语,设空处作表语,故用形容词evident。句意:很明显,儒家哲学影响了很多古代的人。
10.答案：crowded
解析：考查形容词。设空处修饰后面的名词短语city streets,作定语,应用形容词crowded。句意:一些人厌倦了拥挤的城市街道。他们更喜欢生活在乡村,在那里他们能过一种平静的生活。
11.答案：gave her a sense of achievement
12.答案：blocking many roads
13.答案：With winter approaching
14.答案：free of charge
15.答案：defend themselves from/against
16.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的最后一句可知,医生建议要非常细心地清洗农产品,也就是要确保食物是干净的。故选C。
17.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的第一句可知,大多数人一致认为自然生长的食物味道更好,由第二段可知自然生长的食物指的是有机食品。故选A。
18.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的最后一句可知,有机食品消费者们认为安全总比后悔好,所以他们主要担心安全问题。故选B。
19.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。本文主要说明了如今有机食品很受欢迎,将有机食品和非有机食品进行了对比,并且就有机食品的种植、营养价值和味道等情况进行了说明。这属于饮食健康方面的文章,由此可推断这篇文章可能来自健康杂志。故选A。
20.答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。前文提到许多人依靠这项技术解锁手机、开门或快速支付,但有一个问题:每个人都戴着口罩,而戴口罩对使用面部识别技术造成了困难,所以画线词是“麻烦”的意思。故选D。
21.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“What's the secret It's all about your eyes.”可知,面部识别软件主要依靠眼部来识别戴口罩的人。故选C。
22.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。最后一段黄磊承认这项技术有一大弱点,对于存在弱点的新技术来说,对其做出改进是有必要的。故选B。
23.答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。第一段主要说的是面部识别技术的用处很多,但现在人们都戴口罩对其使用带来了困难;第二段总述一些科技公司对其面部识别技术做出了改进;第三段对这些公司的改进做了具体介绍;第四段阐述面部识别软件的好处;第五段是当前技术仍存在弱点。所以,本文主要介绍的是面部识别技术的新进展和面部识别软件当前的弱点。故选B。
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