Unit 2 How often do you exercise? 知识梳理学案

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名称 Unit 2 How often do you exercise? 知识梳理学案
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更新时间 2023-10-12 19:10:30

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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 2 How often do you exercise 知识梳理学案
重点短语
go to the movies=go to the cinema on weekends=at weekends(泛指)在周末看电影
on the weekend=at the weekend 在这个周末,在本周末
use the Internet 使用互联网 have lessons 上课
help with housework 帮忙做家务 hardly ever几乎从不
swing dance 摇摆舞 watch TV看电视
stay up(late)熬夜(到很晚) go shopping 去购物
play sports=do sports 做运动 twice a week 每周两次
at least至少;不少于;起码 once a week 每周一次
go to bed early 早睡 junk food垃圾食品
every day每天(作时间状语) go to the dentist 去看牙医
junk food 垃圾食品 have to do不得不做
every night 每晚(作状语) 16-year-old 16岁的
how often 多久一次 a lot of 许多,大量
go camping 去野营 free time activities 课余活动
more than=over 多于 teeth cleaning 洗牙
not...at all一点也不 fast food 快餐
go online=surf on the Internet 上网 the answer to...······的答案
less than 少于 a few几个,一些
one to three times a week一周一至三次 such as例如;像······这样
most of 大部分 old habits die hard 旧习难改
重点句型
1. She says it's good for my health.她说牛奶对我的健康有好处。
2....,but we were surprised that ninety percent of them use the Internet every day
······,但令我们吃惊的是90%的学生每天都会上网。
3. Although many students like to watch sports, game shows are the most popular.尽
管很多学生喜欢看体育节目,但游戏类节目却是最受欢迎的。
4.Exercise such as playing sports is fun, and you can spend time with your friends and
family as you play together.像做运动之类的锻炼是很有趣的,并且当你与家人和
朋友一起运动时,你们可以共享时光。
5.She says she is afraid!她说她害怕!
6.Don't worry-you can do it!别担心-你能做到!
7.How often do you watch TV 你多久看一次电视?
8.What kind of dance are you learning 你在学哪种舞蹈?
9.Hmm... next week is quite full for me,Jack,嗯··..··杰克,我下周很忙。
重点语法
频度副词的定义及用法
1频度副词定义:一般用来表示动作发生的频率。一般放在be动词之后、实义动词之前或者助动词与实义动词之间。
I am never late for school.我上学从不迟到。
I sometimes get up early.我有时起得早。
The workers usually have lunch in the factory.工人们通常在厂里吃午饭。
I will always love you.我将永远爱你。
2 活跃度不同的“频度副词”:
always(100%)> usually(约80%~90%)> often(约60%)> sometimes(约40%)> seldom(约20%)> hardly ever(约10%)> never(0%)
He is always asking for money.他总是要钱。
We often have lunch at school.我们经常在学校吃午饭。
【例题】1.He seldom drives his car in the downtown because there's too much traffic.
A.always B.hardly ever C.sometimes D.often
解析:考查频度副词,seldom 意思是“很少,几乎不”。
【例题】2.Please be polite and offer your seat to people who need it.
A.never B.seldom C.sometimes D.always
解析:考查副词词义辨析。句意:请有礼貌,总是给有需要的人让座。never从不;seldom很少;sometimes有时;always总是。根据语境可知,此处表示总是给有需要的人让座。
3 once,twice,three times...次数构成频率的表达方式。
(1)次数+a+时间(年1月1日/分钟···.··)
once a year每年一次twice a month 每月两次
(2)次数
数+every+基基数词+时间(年/月/日/分钟······)
once every four years 每四年一次 seven times every two minutes每两分钟七次
拓展:
every two days=every other day每两天
4对频率提问时,一般用 how often(多久一次)。
-How often do you exercise 你多久锻炼一次?
-Once a month.每月一次。
辨析 how often 与 how many times
how often多久一次,用来询问在某一段时间内进行某个动作的次数。
how many times多少次,它不问动作发生的频率,只询问次数,即“多少次”。其答语为once,twice,three
times等。
-How many times have you been to Beijing 你去过北京几次?
-Only twice.仅两次。
-How often do you go to Beijing 你多久去一次北京?
-Twice a month.每个月两次。
【例题】3.一 do you play sports,Ella
-Every day. It's necessary for us to play sports an hour a day at school.
A.How much B.How often C.How long
答案 B
解析:
句意:-Ella,你多久做一次运动?-每天。在校每天做一小时运动对我们来说很有必要。根据答语中的“Every day”可知,问句是询问频率。How much多少(钱),用于询问不可数名词的数量或用于询问价钱;How often多久一次,询问频率;How long多长,询问一段时间或物体的长度。
【例题】4.- 。
-At least three times.
A.How much do you pay for Treasure Island
B.How often have you read Treasure Island
C.How long does it take you to finish reading Treasure Island
D.How many times have you read Treasure Island
解析:
用语境分析法解题。根据答语可知,问句问的是次数,选项A问的是买《金银岛》的价钱;选项B问
的是多久读一次《金银岛》;选项C问的是花多长时间读完《金银岛》;选项D问的是读了多少次《金银岛》。
重点知识
help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事
She often helps her mother with housework.她经常帮助妈妈做家务。
help作名词时的常用短语:
①with the help of ...在···的帮助下②one's help没有某人的帮助
拓展:help作动词,常见用法:
help oneself to sth. 随便吃 / 喝······
Please help yourself to some bread.请随便吃些面包吧。
can't/ couldn't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事
When he heard the good news, he couldn't help jumping.当他听到这个好消息时,他情不自禁地跳起来了。
help sb. with sth.=help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事
My brother often helps me (to) do my homework..=My brother often helps me with my homework.我哥哥经常帮我做家庭作业。
有时sometimes/at times/from time to time
sometimes有时
辨析:sometimes, some times, sometime 与 some time
sometimes频度副词 意为“有时;间或”,相当于attimes.可用于句首、句中或句末。对其提问要使用how often.
some times名词短语 意为“几次;几回”,其中time是可数名词,意思是“次;回”。对其提问要使用how many times.
sometime 副词 意为“在某个时候”,表示某个不确定或不具体的时间,常用于过去时或将来时,对其提问要使用 when.
some time名词短语 意为“一段时间”,常和延续性动词连用,对其提问要使用 how long.
速记小法:
分开是“一段”(some time),
牵手是“sometime);
分加s是“倍;次”(some tines),
合加s是“有时”(sometimes)
【例句】Tom is a good student. He does his homework after school, but he plays basketball with his friends.
A. usually;often B. usually; usually C.usually; sometimes D.never;usually
解析:
考查频率副词。usually意为“通常”,表示的频率大,sometimes意为“有时”,表示的频率小。
3. how often的用法
how often意为“多久一次”,用来对动作发生的频率进行提问。
-How often do you go to the library 你多长时间去一次图书馆?
-Twice a week/Every day.每周去两次/每天都去。
辨析how often,how long,how soon
how often多久一次,对频率提问
how long多久、多长时间,对时间段提问
how soon多久,对将来的时间提问
-How long have you lived here 你在这儿住多久了?
-For 20.20 years.二十年了。
-How soon will your husband come back 你丈夫多久才能回来?
-He'll come back in 3 days.他三天后回来。
拓展
由how构成的特殊疑问短语还有:
how old多大年龄(对年龄进行提问)
how far 多远(对距离进行提问)
how many多少(对可数名词的量进行提问
how much多少;多少钱(对不可数名词的量或价格进行提问)
how long 多长(对物体的长度进行提问)
how heavy 多重(对重量进行提问)
how wide 多宽(对宽度进行提问)
have to 意为“必须;不得不”,表示客观上要做的事,必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。其否定句、疑问句与实义动词的变化规律一致。
She doesn't have to come to school tomorrow.她明天不必到学校来。
注意
4.have to 和must 都有“必须”之意,但是 have to 侧重于强调客观条件需要做的事情,而must侧重于表示说话人的主观看法,认为有义务,有必要去做某事。
His grandpa has to stay in bed because he is ill.他爷爷病了,不得不卧床休息。
We must keep our classroom clean and tidy.我们必须保持教室干净整洁。
重要考点 have to用于must开头的一般疑问句的否定回答。此时don't/doesn't have to相当于needn't.mustn't表示“禁止;一定不要”。
-Mom,must I go home now 妈妈,我现在必须回家吗?
-No,you don't have to/needn't.You can go home a little later.不,你不必。你可以晚点回家。
We mustn't eat in class.我们在课堂上禁止吃东西。
【例句】
-Must I make a phone call to him now
-No,you .You write an e-mail.
A.mustn't;may B.may not;must C.shouldn't;must D.don't have to;may
解析
考查情态动词辨析。句意为“我必须现在打电话给他吗?”“不,不需要。你可以给他写电子邮件。”。以must开头的一般疑问句的否定回答用“No,...needn't.”或"No,...don't have to.”,故选D.
5.surprised的用法
surprised 意为“感到吃惊的”。be surprised to do sth.表示“对做某事感到惊讶”;be surprised at sth.表示“对某事感到惊讶”。以上句式都是人做主语。
We are surprised that she is ill.她生病了,我们感到吃惊。
I was surprised at seeing him there.在那里看见他,我感到很惊讶。
要点辨析surprised, surprising
surprised形容词 感到吃惊、意外,人做主语
surprising 形容词 令人惊奇的,物做主语或在句中做定语
一言辨异
They were surprised to hear the surprising news. 听到这个令人惊奇的消息他们很吃惊。
拓展
surprise做名词,意为“惊奇,诧异”。
To my surprise,he won the prize.令我吃惊的是他得奖了。
固定搭配
to one's surprise 使某人感到惊讶的是......;in surprise惊讶地,惊奇地(修饰动词);get a surprise吃惊。
【例句】
my surprise,the twins have nothing common.
A.To;in B.With;in C.In;to D.To;of
解析
考查介词。to one's surprise 意为“令某人惊讶的是”;have...in common 意为“有相同特征”,故选A.
6.the answer to的用法
the answer to...表示“······的答案/回答”,to是介词。
Read this passage,and find out the answer to this question.阅读这篇短文,并找出这个问题的答案。
拓展 介词to的用法:
the answer to...······的答案
the key to...······的答案/钥匙/秘诀
the ticket to...······的票
the way to...去······(地方)的路
the solution to...······的解决方案
the bridge to knowledge 通往知识的桥梁
the secret to...······的秘诀
7.such as 的用法
such as意为“比如;例如”,用于引出同类事物或人中的多个例子。
I have lots of interests,such as singing,dancing,drawing and so on.我有许多兴趣,例如唱歌、跳舞、画画等。
拓展
for example也表示“例如”,一般用以引出同类事物或人中的一个例子。
I have lots of interests,for example,singing.我有许多兴趣,例如,唱歌。
注意
such as后接多个例子,for example 后接一个例子。
8.It is/was+adj. +(for sb. ) to do sth. 的用法(高频考点)
“It is/was+adj.+(for sb.)to do sth.”句式意为“做某事对于某人来说......”,句中It指代下文动词不定式,做形式主语。介词for后的宾语为动作逻辑上的执行者。
It's difficult for us to finish the work on time.对我们来说,按时完成这项工作很困难。
难点突破
“It is/was+形容词+(for/of sb.) to do sth.”中 sb.为宾格代词或名词。
对某人来说做某事是......
It is/was+形容词for sb.to do sth.形容词是描述事物的词,如necessary,difficult,easy,hard,important,dangerous等
做某事某人是......
“It is/was+形容词+of sb.to do sth.形容词表示人的性格与品质,如kind,nice,clever,foolish等
It's very dangerous for children to cross the busy street.对孩子们来说,穿过繁忙的街道很危险。
It's very kind of you to help me.你能帮我真好。
【例句】
It's necessary for students eye exercises.
A.do B.doing C.to do
解析
考查非谓语动词。句意:对学生们来说做眼保健操很有必要。由“It is+形容词+for sb.to do sth.”句型可知,故选C.
9.That sounds interesting. 主语+系动词+表语结构的简单句型。
这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound(听起来),look(看起来),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),feel(觉得),seem(好象),grow(变得),get(变得)等词在英语中可用作系动词,后跟形容词作表语。如:
It tastes good. 这味道好。
The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。
The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。
10.find + 宾语+宾补
(1)find + 宾语 +名词, 发现 例如:
We have found him (to be) a good boy.我们发现他是个好男孩。
find + 宾语 + 形容词, 发现 例如:
He found the room dirty.他发现房间很脏。
find + 宾语 + 现在分词, 发现 例如:
I found her standing at the door.我发现她站在门口。
11.be good for...对······有好处
be good for意为“对······有益/好处”,反义词组 be bad for意为“对··..有害”。for后接名词、代词或动词-ing
形式。
Eating fruit and vegetables is good for our health.吃水果和蔬菜对我们的健康有好处。
辨析be good at,be good to,be good for,be good with
be good at擅长······
be good to对······友好
be good for对······有益处
be good with善于应付······的;对······有办法
一言辨异
Mr.Smith is good at playing the piano.He is good to his students and is good with children. He thinks drinking milk is good for our health.史密斯先生擅长弹钢琴。他对学生很好,管理孩子有一套。他认为喝牛奶对我们的健康有好处。
12.数词+percent of十名词/代词······的百分之······
“基数词+percent+of...”结构中谓语的单复数由 percent of后面跟的名词(或代词)决定。percent做名词,意为“百分之······”。
Seventy percent of the teachers in this school are women.这个学校的老师百分之七十是女老师。
Twenty percent of the milk is bad.百分之二十的牛奶坏了。
13.by +v. - ing的用法
by +v. - ing构成的短语可做行为方式状语。by后接名词、代词、动名词形式,表示“通过某种方式、手段做某事”。
拓展
by+交通工具,“乘·.....”
by做介词,“在······边”,相当于near
by+时间,“不迟于.......到······时”
by用于被动语态,后接动作执行者
by oneself表示“独自地;单独地”
固定搭配
by the way顺便问一下;by mistake 弄错;by accident偶然地;;by turns轮流;learn by heart 背会,记住;one by one一个一个地;step by step一步一步地。
9.the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方法
14. through 的用法
【例句】
The sun shone the window and left a tiny rainbow on the wall.
A.over B.along C.through D.across
解析
考查介词的用法。句意:太阳照进窗户,在墙上留下一缕微小的彩虹。through(穿越;穿过)指从窗户内部穿过。over(跨过),along(沿着),across(横过)都与语境不符,故选C.
through 做介词,意为“穿过;穿越;穿透”。
I saw it through the window.我透过窗户看见了它。
要点辨析cross,across,through,over
“穿”法不同
(1)cross是动词,指(从表面)穿过、越过、渡过(可直接接宾语)。
(2)across指从这边到那边平面通过,横过(含义与on有关,“动词walk/go/runswim等”相当于
常与cross,street,bridge,river等连用。
(3)through强调从内部“穿过”,含义与in有关,如穿过森林、树林、城市、窗
户等。
(4)over越过······(指从上方跨过)。
15.花费
Sb. spend some time/money on sth.某人花费······时间/钱在某物上。
Sth. cost sb. some money 某物花了某人······钱。
Sb.pay some money for sth.某人为某物支付······钱。
Sb.pay for sth.某人为某物付款。
Sb.pay sb.money某人付给某人钱。
It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人······时间。
take 的用法
take后面常跟双宾语, 常见用法有以下几种:过去式took,过去分词taken
(1) It takes sb. +时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。
例:It took them three years to build this road.
他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
(2)doing sth. takes sb. +时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。
例:Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.
他花了一下午修车。Sb. spend some time/money(in)doing sth.某人花费··.···时间/钱在做某事上。
spend 的用法
spend主语是人, 常用于以下结构:过去式spent 过去分词spent
(1) spend money on sth. 在……上花费时间。
例:I spent two hours on this maths problem.
这道数学题花了我两个小时。
(2) spend time /money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。
例:They spent two years (in) building this bridge.
造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
(3)spend money for sth. 花钱买……。
例:His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。
cost 的用法
cost的主语是物或某种活动, 还可以表示"值", 常见用法如下:
(1) sth. costs (sb.) +金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱。
例:A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) +时间,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。
例:Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.
他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。
注意:cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。
pay 的用法
pay的过去式和过去分词 paid, 基本用法是:
(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买……。
例:I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.
我每个月要付20英磅的房租。
(2)pay for sth. 付……的钱。
例:I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。
(3)pay for sb. 替某人付钱。
例:Don’t worry! I'll pay for you. 别担心, 我会给你付钱的。
另外:pay sb. 付钱给某人, pay money back 还钱, pay off one's money还清钱
【即时练习】
( )1. I have to _______ them 20 pounds for this room each month.
A. pay B. paid C. cost D. took
( )2. They spend too much time __________the report.
A. writing B. to write C. on writing D. write
( )3. --What beautiful shoes you’re wearing! They must be expensive .
--No,they only_______l0 yuan.
A.spent B.took C.paid D.cost
( )4. --Will you please _________ for my dinner, Peter
--Sure!
A. spend B. pay C. cost D.take
( )5. It will________ me too much time to read this book.
A. take B. cost C. spend D.pay
【答案】AADBA
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