中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2019年1月全国普通高等学校招生统一考试
上海 英语试卷
Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）
Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Start with the end and work backwards
When Jason Hoelscher was an undergraduate of fine art studies, there weren’t any professional development classes. So ambition and the timely realization (21) ________ he would have to determine “what’s next” on his own urged Jason to engage his future self to find direction. It was 1996, and he was finishing his BFA (Bachelor of Fine Art) in Denver. He was faced with the choice of sitting back to wait for something (22) ________ (happen), or pursuing a path into the unknown. He chose the latter.
Jason set up a plan that in five years he (23) _________ (show) his work in the top gallery in that area of the country. This five-year goal gave him a starting point (24) ________ which to work backwards.
By setting the goal, all of Jason’s efforts (25) ________ (point) in the same direction. He showed up at different art show openings, and researched as best he could to make (26) ________ familiar with the market environment.
As a result of showing up, Jason took opportunities (27) ________ got him closer to his goal. He sent work to a student show and was accepted by Robin Rule, the owner of Rule Gallery. (28) ________ (inspire), Jason spent the next month making new work.
In April of 1997, Jason went back to Rule Gallery with his new work. (29) ________ scared to death, he looked confident at the gallery meeting. When he left, he left as the newest addition to the rule gallery roster (花名册). He had his first exhibition there one year later.
Jason could have stopped with the show selection, but what he really wanted was gallery representation. He struck while the iron was hot, and in (30) ________ (do) so, shortened his five-year plan into a year-and-a-half.
【答案】21. that 22. to happen 23. would show 24. from 25. pointed
26. himself 27. and 28. Inspired 29. Although 30. doing
【解析】
本文属于记叙文，介绍Jason Hoelscher为自己设定一个五年目标，不断努力，最终用一年半就实现了。
【21题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：他自己决定自己要做什么的雄心和及时觉悟督促他自己找到未来的方向。分析句子可知，he would have to determine “what’s next” on his own为限制性定语从句修饰先行词So ambition and the timely realization，从句缺乏have 的宾语，故用关系代词that或者which。
【22题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他面临两个选择，第一个坐着等待事情的发生，另一个选择就是去探索未知的路。分析句子可知，happen作后置定语修饰something，故用不定式to happen。
【23题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：他给自己设定了一个目标，用五年的时间，他要让他自己的作品在全国顶尖艺术馆里被展出。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，show与he为主谓关系，故用主动语态，由于陈述过去的计划和打算，故用过去将来时，综述用would show。
【24题详解】
考查介词。句意：这个五年时间的目标给了他一个起点，他可以从这个起点反向努力。分析句子可知，which to work backwards为定语从句结构修饰先行词starting point，从句缺乏介词，根据先行词，故用介词from。
【25题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：通过设定目标，他的所有努力能向着同一个方向。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，point与主语efforts为主谓关系，故用主动语态，陈述过去事情，故用一般过去时pointed。
【26题详解】
考查反身代词。句意：他会出现在各个艺术展览开幕式，尽可能做研究来让自己熟悉市场环境。分析句子可知，本句缺乏宾语，由于主语为he，宾语与主语为同一人称，故用反身代词himself。
【27题详解】
考查连词。句意：由于经常露面，他抓住所有机会，朝着自己的目标不断前进。分析句子可知，took opportunities和got him closer都是句子谓语，为并列关系，故用并列连词and。
【28题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：深受启发，他花了一个月时间来创作新的作品。分析句子可知，inspire作状语修饰he，与其属于动宾关系，故用过去分词形式Inspired。
【29题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：尽管害怕的要死，但是在展览会上看起来信心满满。分析句子可知，前后句属于转折让步关系，故用连词Although。
【30题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他趁热打铁，通过这样做，把五年的目标用一年半的时间就实现了。In为介词后接动词ing形式，故用doing。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. repetitive B. continually C. alerts D. pattern E. locate F. mental G. challenge H. network I. evolving J. reversely K. literacy
Bill Drayton believes we’re in the middle of a necessary but painful historical transition. For millenniums most people’s lives had a certain 31 . You went to school to learn a trade or a skill-baking, farming or accounting. Then you could go into the workforce and make a good living repeating the same skill over the course of your career.
But these days machines can do pretty much anything that’s 32 . The new world requires a different sort of person. Drayton calls this new sort of personal changemaker.
Changemakers are people who can see the patterns around them, identify the problems in any situation, figure out ways to solve the problems in any situation, figure out ways to solve the problem, organize fluid teams, lead collective action and then 33 adapt as situations change.
For example, Ashoka fellow Andrés Gallardo is a Mexican who lived in a high crime neighborhood. He created an app, called Haus, that allows people to 34 with their neighbors. The app has a panic button that 35 everybody in the neighborhood when a crime is happening. It allows neighbors to organize, chat, share crime statistics and work together.
To form and lead this community of communities, Gallardo had to possess what Drayton calls “cognitive empathy-based living for the good of all.” Congnitive empathy is the ability to perceive how people are feeling in 36 circumstances. “For the good of all” is the capacity to build teams.
It doesn’t matter if you are working in the cafeteria or the inspection line of a plant, companies will now only hire people who can 37 problems and organize responses.
Millions of people already live with the mind-set. But a lot of people still inhabit the world of following rules and repetitive skills. They hear society telling them: We don’t need you. We don’t need your kids, either.” Of course, those people go into reactionary mode and strike back.
The central 38 of our time, Drayton says, is to make everyone a changemaker. In an earlier era, he says, society realized it needed universal 39 . Today, schools have to develop the curriculums and assessments to make the changemaking mentality universal. They have to understand this is their criteria for success.
Ashoka has studied social movements to find out how this kind of 40 shift can be promoted. It turns out that successful movements take similar steps.
【答案】31. D 32. A 33. B 34. H 35. C 36. I 37. E 38. G
39. K 40. F
【解析】本文属于议论文，现在机器几乎可以做任何事情。新世界需要不同类型的人。德雷顿称这种新类型的人是变革者。
【31题详解】
考查名词。句意：几千年以来，大多数人的生活都有一个特定的模式。根据后一句You went to school to learn a trade or a skill-baking, farming or accounting. Then you could go into the workforce and make a good living repeating the same skill over the course of your career.可知，去学校学商业或者学习一门技术，然后利用这门技术来过上幸福生活，故可以推出大部分的生活都有一定的模式，故选pattern（模式），故选D。
【32题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但是如今机器可以作所有重复性的事情。根据后文可知，现代社会需要的是能够解决问题，组建一个流畅的团队，因而可以得出，机器可以取代人类做重复性的事情，故用repetitive（重复性的），故选A。。
【33题详解】
考查副词。句意：变革者就是那些能够看清自己周围的模式，识别存在的问题，找到解决问题的办法，组建一个流利的团队，领导集体性行动，以及不断适应不断改变的环境。根据本句adapt as situations change可知，变革者需要不断适应环境，故用continually，故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词。句意：他制作了一个软件叫Haus，能够把邻居组成一个网络。根据后文It allows neighbors to organize, chat, share crime statistics and work together可知，这个软件可以把邻居联系在一起，故用network（组建网络），故选H。
【35题详解】
考查动词。句意：这个软件有一个紧急按钮，当有犯罪行为发生的时候，按了按钮之后就能够及时提醒邻居。分析句子可知，本句讲述app的作用，故用alerts（警示）, 故选C。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：认知移情就是理解人们在不断进化的环境中感受的能力。分析文章可知，本文讲述随着时代的发展，我们需要的人才和能力也是不同的，因而选evolving（进化的），故选I。
【37题详解】
考查动词。句意：如果你现在在自助餐厅或者电站的检测线上工作，没关系，因为这些公司以后只会雇佣那些能够发现问题和解决问题的人。根据文章The new world requires a different sort of person. Drayton calls this new sort of personal changemaker.可知，现在社会需要的是能够发现和解决问题的人，故用locate（定位），故选E。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：Drayton说，我们这个时代最主要的挑战就是让每个人都成为变革者。根据后文Today, schools have to develop the curriculums and assessments to make the changemaking mentality universal. They have to understand this is their criteria for success.可知，学校需要做出改变来培养变革者，这也是很大的挑战，故选G。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：他说，在早期时代，社会意识到大家都必需要具备读写能力。根据后文Today, schools have to develop the curriculums and assessments to make the changemaking mentality universal.可知，学校必须做出改变，故选literacy（读写能力），故选K。
【40题详解】
考查形容词。句意：Ashoka研究了社会变革来找出怎样才能促进这种精神转变。根据前文可知，本文主要讲述人们意识的改变，故用mental，故选F。
Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context
More people are travelling than ever before, and lower harriers to entry and falling costs means they are doing so for 41 periods.
The rise of “city breaks” 48-hour bursts of foreign cultures, easier on the pocket and annual leave balance has increased tourist numbers, but not their 42 spread. The same attractions have been used to market cities such as Paris, Barcelona and Venice for decades, and visitors use the same infrastructure as residents to reach them. “Too many people do the same thing at the exact same time,” says Font. “For 43 , the city no longer belongs to them.”
This starts with marketing, says Font, who notes that Amsterdam has started advising visitors to seek 44 outside of the city centre on its official website. “That takes some balls, really to do that. But only so many people will look at the website, and it means they can say to their residents they’re doing all they can [to ease congestion].”
But it also 45 a better way, it is called “detourism”: sustainable travel tips an 46 itineraries for exploring an authentic Venice, off the paths beaten by the 28 million visitors who flock there each year.
A greater variety of 47 for prospective visitors ------ ideas for what to do in off-peak seasons, for example, or outside of the city center ------ can have the effect of diverting them from already saturated landmarks, or 48 short breaks away in the first place. Longer stays 49 the pressure, says Font. If you go to Paris for two days, you’re going to go to the Eiffel Tower. “If you go for two weeks, you’re not going to go to the Eiffel Tower 14 times.”
Similarly, repeat visitors have a better sense of the 50 , “We should be asking how we get tourists to 51 , not how to get them to come for the first time. If they’re coming for the fifth time, it is much easier to integrate their behavior with ours.”
Local governments can foster this sustainable activity by giving preference to responsible operator and even high-paying consumers. Font says cities could stand to be more selective about the tourists they try to attract when the current metric for marketing success is how many there are, and how far they’ve come. “You’re thinking, ‘yeah but at what cost...’.”
He points to unpublished data from the Barcelona Tourist Board that prioritizes Japanese tourists for spending an average of 640 more per day than French tourist as a(n) 52 that fails to take into account their bigger carbon footprint. 53 tourists are also more likely to be repeat visitors that come at off-peak times, buy local produce, and 54 to less crowded parts of the city ------ all productive steps towards more 55 tourism, and more peaceful relations with residents.
41. A. longer B. shorter C. wider D. clearer
42. A environmental B. national C. economic D. geographic
43. A. locals B. tourists C. visitors D. cleaners
44. A. transports B. accommodation C. restaurants D. service
45. A. addresses B. paves C. proposes D. receives
46. A. separate B. individual C. alternative D. objective
47. A. reform B. guidance C. invitation D. support
48. A. convincing B. discouraging C. preventing D. resisting
49. A. pace B. escape C. withstand D. ease
50. A culture B. knowledge C. entertainment D. ability
51. A lake over B. bring up C. come back D. lay off
52. A. distinction B. harmony C. association D. comparison
53. A. French B. Italian C. Spanish D. German
54. A. carry out B. give into C. spread out D. impact on
55. A. slight B complex C. temporary D. sustainable
【答案】41. B 42. D 43. A 44. B 45. C 46. C 47. B 48. B 49. D 50. A 51. C 52. D 53. A 54. C 55. D
【解析】
本文属于议论文，旅游的发展，虽然促进了当地的经济发展，但从另外一个方面影响到了当地居民的生活以及各种基础设施，如何保证旅游业的长久发展是摆在人们面前的一大问题。
【41题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：更多的人旅游的更频繁，因为去一个国家的障碍更少，费用更低，这就意味着游客在一个地方旅游的时间越来越短。A. longer 更长的；B. shorter 更短的；C. wider更宽的；D. clearer更干净的。根据本句人们旅游更频繁，呆的时间越来越短，故选B。
【42题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：城市假期的兴起，48小时快速了解外国文化的兴起，金钱和年假更匹配，这些都导致游客人数上涨，但是游客目的地地理范围没有相应的扩展。A. environmental环境的；B. national国家的；C. economic经济的； D. geographic地理的。根据文章可知，本文讲述旅游兴起带来的问题，故选D。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于当地人来说，城市已经不属于他们了。A. locals当地人；B. tourists游客；C. visitors参观者；D. cleaners清洁工。根据文章可知，本文讲述旅游对当地的冲击，故选A。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Font说到，这需要从市场广告做起，阿姆斯特丹就在其旅游官网上建议游客到郊区寻找食宿地方。A. transports交通；B. accommodation食宿；C. restaurants餐厅；D. service服务。根据文章可知，本文提供了一些解决办法，故选B。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是也建议了一种更好的方式，叫错峰旅游，一种可持续的旅游方式，即避开游客大量集中的旅游景点，去探索真正的威尼斯。A. addresses做演讲，处理；B. paves铺路；C. proposes建议；D. receives收到。根据本句可知，还有另外一种方式来解决这个问题，故选C。
【 46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是也建议了一种更好的方式，叫错峰旅游，一种可持续的旅游方式，即避开游客大量集中的旅游景点，去探索真正的威尼斯。A. separate分开的；B. individual个人的；C. alternative可替代性的；D. objective客观的。根据本句off the paths beaten by the 28 million visitors who flock there each year可知，为游客提供一些人少的路线，故选C。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对游客进行广泛指导也可以引导他们不去人满为患的景点，打消他们短期旅行的想法。A. reform改革；B. guidance指导；C. invitation邀请；D. support支持。根据文章可知，本段讲述对游客进行指导，实现游客分流，故选B。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对游客进行广泛指导也可以引导他们不去人满为患的景点，打消他们短期旅行的想法。A. convincing说服；B. discouraging打消积极性；C. preventing阻止；D. resisting抵抗。根据文章可知，本段讲述对游客进行指导，实现游客分流，合理规划自己的旅行计划，故选B
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一个地方逗留时间更长能够缓解一定的压力。A. pace踱步走；B. escape逃跑；C. withstand抵抗；D. ease缓解。根据后文If you go to Paris for two days, you’re going to go to the Eiffel Tower. “If you go for two weeks, you’re not going to go to the Eiffel Tower 14 times.”可知，在一个地方逗留时间更长能够缓解当地的压力，故选D。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：再次去的游客有更好的文化意识，我应该考虑怎样让游客再来这个地方旅游，而不是来第一次就不来了。A. culture 文化；B. knowledge知识；C. entertainment娱乐；D. ability能力。根据后文If they’re coming for the fifth time, it is much easier to integrate their behavior with ours.可知，多次去同一个地方旅游的游客能够更好地融入当地的文化，故选A。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：再次去的游客有更好的文化意识，我应该考虑怎样让游客再来这个地方旅游，而不是来第一次就不来了。A. take over接管；B. bring up抚养；C. come back回来；D. lay off解雇。根据文章可知，应该考虑怎样让游客来了还想来，故选C。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他引用了巴塞罗那旅游局未公布的数据，由于比法国游客平均梅每天多花40欧元，把日本游客放在更优先的地方，但是没有考虑日本游客更大的碳足迹。A. distinction区分；B. harmony和谐；C. association联系；D. comparison对比。根据本句可知，把日本游客与法国游客进行对比，故选D。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是法国游客更可能再次去巴塞罗那旅游，错开高峰期，购买当地产品，去那些人更少的景点。A. French 法国人；B. Italian意大利人；C. Spanish西班牙人；D. German德国人。根据文章可知，尽管日本游客花钱更多，但是法国游客更有可能再次去，故选A。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是法国游客更可能再次去巴塞罗那旅游，错开高峰期，购买当地产品，去那些人更少的景点。A. carry out实施；B. give into让步； C. spread out扩散；D. impact on影响。根据文章可知，法国人更有可能去人少的地方，故选C。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所有的这些措施都是可持续的措施，更少的影响当地的居民。A. slight轻微的；B. complex复杂的；C. temporary临时的；D. sustainable可持续的。根据文章可知，本文主要探讨旅游业减少对当地居民的影响，故选D。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
I believe that, as a doctor, I should always get a blanket for my patients who need one. Yes I know there are other people who can do this. I can ask a nurse or an orderly to do it, but I believe that I should do it. So several times a day, while working in our emergency department, I leave my patient's bedside, get them a nice warm blanket and cover them up, before continuing on my day.
This action goes along with what I believe to be the three rules of emergency medicine (and perhaps medicine in general). I repeat these often to the residents and medical students I supervise in our busy urban emergency department.
I tell them: (1) we make people feel better; (2) we try to make sure nothing really bad is happening to them right now; and (3)we try to tell them what is causing their symptoms. I say that we can almost always achieve the first two rules but not always the third. No news is usually good news from an ER doctor. If I find a reason for, say, your abdominal pain it is rarely a good thing.
Which brings me back to why I believe I should offer to bring my patients a blanket. To me it is the first step in communicating to the person that my priority is his or her comfort, both physical and emotional. It is a simple act that acknowledges my desire to meet their basic needs as a patient. It may be an overused expression but I want to treat my patients the way I would want my family members taken care of. This behavior was also modeled for me when I was a patient.Shortly after college I was involved in a serious accident while working in an ambulance as a volunteer. The short story s that broke my femur(大腿骨), the large bone in my thigh, and my recovery required a total of four surgeries over a year or so. The surgeon who performed the last three operations usually did his rounds late at night.
He was a brilliant and talented surgeon who reminded me in appearance of a chain-smoking Einstein. He would ask about my pain and my mental state, but what I remember most is his offering to bring me French fries the next time he visited. I felt that he cared about me and, more importantly, understood what I was going through. He connected with me, and I trusted and obeyed everything he told me to do.Getting a blanket and placing it on my patient is, in the end, a check and balance for me. I have the power to order hundreds of tests and treatments. I strive to always be right (or at least never wrong). And on not so rare occasions, I help save a life. But in the end, if I have not made that connection with my patient, if I have not shown them I understand their needs, then I have failed them as a physician and as a person.
56. According to the author, what does the performance of giving blankets to patients mean
A. It may be an overused expression although he doesn't care about it.
B. It gives him the power to order tests and treatments.
C.. It helpful to save a life when you are in trouble.
D. It helps communicate his care towards his patients.
57. The author mentioned his own experience as a patient, which of the following is NOT his intention
A. Showing his gratitude for the surgeon.
B. Demonstrating his action of giving blankets.
C. Implying the similar function of bringing French Fries and giving blankets to patients.
D. Claiming the importance of patients' trust toward doctors.
58. What does the last sentence (paragraph7) imply
A. The author felt regretful for not preparing blankets for their patients.
B. The only principle of a good physician is to understand patients' needs.
C. It important for doctors to convey the cause of their illness clearly.
D.A good physician should show his care to his patients.
59. The passage is mainly about ________________.
A. emphasizing the importance of sincere care and understanding of patients
B. emphasizing how to build a bridge between doctors and patients
C. emphasizing that a small gesture can warm the patient's heart
D. emphasizing how to improve the doctor-patient relationship
【答案】56-59 DDDA
56.D [解析]解析:根据第四段中“To me it is the first step in communicating to the person that my priority is his or her comfort, both physical and emotional.”可知，医生提供毯子的原因是与病人进行交流的第一步，故选 D。
57.D [解析]根据第三四段，结合全文，作者引用自身经历来论证外科医生的行为对其作为病人所产生的重要影响，及对其做出类似关怀举动的引导作用，D选项强调患者信任医生的重要性并不是例子主要想体现的内容，故选 D。
58.D [解析]根据最后一段中“ But in the end,if I have not made that connection with my patient, if l have not shown them I understand their needs, then I have failed them as a physician and as a person.”可知，作为一个医生，应该从心理上理解和言语上呵护病人，这种照料才是医生应该具备的品质。故选 D。
59.A [解析] 根据文章中“To me it is the first step in communicating to the person that my priority is his or her comfort, both physical and emotional.”可知作者在强调要发自内心的关心和理解病人，故选 A。
(B)
MTLEDANON ICE CENTER *900 CEDAR BOULEVARD*
PITTSBURGH,PA 15228
(412)561-4363 www. mtlebanon.org
WHO: Skaters of all ages and abilities. Must be 3 years of age and potty trained.
Any Preschool Kindergarten age child who has never taken lessons at the Mr. Lebanon Ice Center needs to be evaluated.
The On-line registration feature does not apply to evaluation registration.
Evaluation dates and times are listed below.
EVALUATIONS: Evaluations help to determine both readiness and class placement. Upon completion of the evaluation, it is recommended that you register for classes with an associate located in the ice center booth. A variety of days and times for the evaluations are also listed online and at the Ice Center.
Evaluation registration may be done in person or by phone at 412-561-4363.
DAY EVALUATION DATES TIME EVALUATION FEE
Saturday June 2,2018 12:00 p.m. $5.00
Sunday June 3,2018 12:00 p.m. $500
Monday June 4,2018 10:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. $500
Wednesday June 6,2018 10:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. $5.00
Thursday June 7,20l8 10:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. $5.00
Additional evaluation dates may be offered for session Ⅱ.
REFUND POLICY: Refund requests must be made a minimum of 7 days prior to event. See www.mtlebanon.org for details.
REGISTRATION:
In person—Stop by the Mt. Lebanon Recreation Center, ground floor, Monday through Saturday 9:00 a. m.9:00 p.m. or Sunday 9: 00 a.m. 5:30 p.m.
By Phone—Call the Ice Center at (412)561-4363 to schedule your skating evaluation appointment
Make checks payable to: Mt. Lebanon, PA visa, Master Card, &Debit Cards accepted
QLESTIONS: Please call the Mt. Lebanon Ice Center staff at (412)561-4363
LeboALERT—A FREE notification service(phone, text, e-mail). In the event of an emergency and to provide you with updates about cancellations and recreation department programs and events. Please visit www.mtlebanon,org and sign up for LeboALERT. All recreation participants should sign up, and at minimum select the “Cancellations” category.
60. What’s the passage manly about
A. To introduce a skating program.
B. To advertise a skating center.
C. To serve as a skating assessment schedule.
D. To issue a free skating notification.
61. Mary’s mother wants to registers the evaluation for her daughter. Which time as follows is suitable for her to go to the center
A. Monday 8: 30 a.m. B. Wednesday 2 p.m.
C. Friday 9: 30 p.m. D. Sunday 6: 00 p.m.
62. Which of the following is true according to the passage
A. The evaluation is intended for all preschool and kindergarten children.
B. Refund requests can be accepted within 7 days after the registration.
C. Participants who sign up for Lebo Alert can receive free notification about the event.
D. Evaluation registration can be done in person, by phone or on-line
【答案】60. B 61. B 62. C
【解析】
本文属于应用文，介绍专门为学前儿童开设的滑冰场以及报名条件及相关信息。
【60题详解】
主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，本文介绍专门为学前儿童开设的滑冰场以及报名条件及相关信息，旨在吸引大家去报名参加，为滑冰场打广告，故选B。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据In person—Stop by the Mt. Lebanon Recreation Center, ground floor, Monday through Saturday 9:00 a. m.9:00 p.m. or Sunday 9: 00 a.m. 5:30 p.m.可知，去报名的话，周一到周六上午九点到晚上酒店都可以，故选B。
【62题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段LeboALERT—A FREE notification service(phone, text, e-mail). In the event of an emergency and to provide you with updates about cancellations and recreation department programs and events.可知，参加了LeboALERT可以获得免费的通知服务，比如取消，项目以及事件安排等，故选C。
(C)
Everything about nuclear energy seems terrifically big: the cost, construction and decommissioning—and the fears of something going badly wrong.
The future, however may well be much smaller. Dozens of companies are working on a new generation of reactors that, they promise, can deliver nuclear power at lower cost and reduced risk.
These small-scale plants will on average generate between 50MW and 300MW of power compared with the 1,000MW-plus from a conventional rector. They will draw on modular manufacturing techniques that will reduce construction risk, which has plagued larger-scale projects. Supporters believe these advanced modular reactors (AMRs)—most of which will not be commercial until the 2030s—are critical if atomic power is to compete against the rapidly falling costs of solar and wind.
“The physics hasn’t changed. It’s about much cleverer design that offers much-needed flexibility in terms of operation,” said Tim Stone, long-term industry adviser and chairman of Nuclear risk Insurers, which insures nuclear sites in the UK.
Since the Fukushima meltdown in Japan in 2011, safety fears have threatened nuclear power. But the biggest obstacle today is economic. In western Europe, just three plants are under construction: in the UK at Hinkley point C in Somerset; at Flamanville in France; and at Olkiluoto in Finland. All involve the European Pressurized Reactor technology of EDF that will be used at Hinkley Point. All are running years late and over budget. In the US, the first two nuclear projects under way for the past 30 years are also blowing through cost estimates.
The UK, which opened the world’s first commercial nuclear reactor in 1956, is one of the few western nations committed to renewing its ageing fleet to ensure energy security and meet tough carbon reduction targets. It is seen as a proving ground, by many in the industry, of nuclear power’s ability to restore confidence.
However, the country’s agreement with EDF to build two units at Hinkley Point—which together will generate 3.2GW of electricity—has come under severe criticism over its cost. The government is looking at different funding models but said it still sees nuclear power as vital to the country’s future energy mix. Small reactors, it believes, have the potential to generate much-needed power from the 2030s.
A nuclear sector deal, unveiled last month, promised up to f5om in funding for research and development into AMRs and attracted interest of start-ups from around the world. The government hopes the funding will give the UK a lead in the global race to develop these technologies, helping to provide energy security while also creating a multibillion-dollar export market for British engineering companies.
63. Which of the following is true about the advanced modular reactors (AMRs)
A. AMRs produce more power than traditional reactors
B. Small in scale, AMRs rose more safety risks
C. So far, most AMRs have not been put into use yet
D. Governments prefer energy of solar and wind to that of AMrs
64. In paragraph 5, the author mentions the plants in Western Europe and the US to ________.
A. prove that nuclear power has been threatened by safety concern.
B. show that the construction of nuclear power plants cost more that the budget available.
C. indicate the construction of nuclear plants are slow in speed.
D. point out that most power plants have adopted the latest nuclear technology.
65. What can be inferred from the passage
A. Some people have lost confidence in the development of nuclear plants
B. The UK government seeks to reduce the negative impact of nuclear power on its economy.
C. The plan to build two power plants in Hinkley Point has been deserted
D. a kind costs for small modular reactors would be higher relative to large nuclear reactors.
66. Which of the following can serve as the best title of this passage
A. Britain counts on nuclear energy to keep lights on
B. Traditional nuclear plants boom with mini reactors
C. Nuclear’s share of power generation remain stead
D. Nuclear power looks to shrink its way to success
【答案】63. C 64. B 65. A 66. D
【解析】本文属于新闻，主要讲述当前核能开发存在耗资巨大且存在核泄漏风险，因此人们正对这种技术失去信心，但是由于新的核能发电方式AMRs的出现，可能会扭转这种情况。
【63题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段Supporters believe these advanced modular reactors (AMRs)—most of which will not be commercial until the 2030s—are critical if atomic power is to compete against the rapidly falling costs of solar and wind.可知，大多数AMRs需要到21世纪39年代才能商业化使用，也就是说现在还没有投入使用，故选C。
【64题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段All involve the European Pressurized Reactor technology of EDF that will be used at Hinkley Point. All are running years late and over budget. In the US, the first two nuclear projects under way for the past 30 years are also blowing through cost estimates.可知，所有的核电站都没有按期投入使用，也超出预算，故选B。
【65题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段It is seen as a proving ground, by many in the industry, of nuclear power’s ability to restore confidence.可知，这可以被看作是一个恢复对核能利用的信心的试验场，由此可知，很多人对核能的发展失去了信心，故选A。
【66题详解】
主旨大意题。本文主要讲述当前核能开发存在耗资巨大且存在核泄漏风险，因此人们正对这种技术失去信心，但是由于新的核能发电方式AMRs的出现，可能会扭转这种情况，故可知，本文标题为D选项，核能通往成功的路越来越窄，故选D。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A. In other words, the machinery or other equipment covered with the paint was easily damaged. B. Therefore, the new paint can be applied in many aspects. C. Cars get dirty, even under the best of conditions. D. Water droplets do not leave a mark on the painted surface. E. The new materials are created and benefit humans a lot. F. Researchers say the paint could be used in a factory or other large-scale manufacturing.
New Paint Resists Oil and Water
Having an automobile can be costly. In addition to paying for fuel, the owner of a car should set aside money for an insurance policy to guard against possible damage or loss. The owner also has to pay for normal repairs, like an oil change, and other work.Another cost is cleaning.______ (67)________ Who would not want a car that is always clean because drops of water and oil just roll off Now, scientists say it may not be too long before self.cleaning paints become more common in many industries.
It has been long known that rainwater slides off the leaves of some plants without leaving a mark. Soon, the same may be true for raindrops on your car.
Scientists can now reproduce that quality, or property, of tropical plants like the taro and lotus.Researchers are able to do this because of developments in nanophysis: the studies of very small particles.
Yao Lu is a researcher from China's Dalian University of Technology. He currently works at University College London. He used titanium dioxide nanoparticles to create a new kind of water-repellent(防水的) paint.________(68)_________
Up until now, the biggest problem with water-repellent paints was their vulnerability to mechanical damage.______(69)__________
This was solved with a special adhesive or glue that sticks to the titanium dioxide nanoparticles..“Applying this spray adhesive, we've managed to get very resistant coatings that are resistant to, as I say, rubbing or scratching and with sandpaper and so on."
The new kind of paint can be used on a number of materials, from clothing and paper to steel and glass._______(70)________
They predict this product could be used in a number of areas, including auto manufacturing and even hospitals.
【答案】67-70 CDAF
67.C[解析] 句意:即使在最好的条件下，汽车也会变脏。根据该空前后句子意思，可知主要说的是汽车的清洁问题，符合题意的只有 C 项，故选 C。
68.D[解析] 句意:水滴不会在喷漆表面留下痕迹。根据上下文意思可知，此处说的是关于姚璐设计出的新型防水涂料的特点，即水滴不会再喷漆表面留下痕迹故选 D。
69.A[解析]句意:换句话说，被油漆覆盖的机器或其他设备很容易损坏。根据上一句意思说，防水涂料最大的问题是容易受到机械损伤，该空处即为换言之所说的内容，故选 A。
70.F[解析]句意:研究人员说，这种涂料可以用于工厂或其他大型制造业。根据上一句意思说，可知该段主要讲述了这种涂料的运用范围，故选 F。
Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Where are the bees
Bees are essential to the production of food we eat. Bees make honey, but they also pollinate large areas of crops, such as straw berries, apples and onions. About a third of the food we eat is a result of pollination of the bees. Unfortunately, bees have been disappearing at an alarming rate.
In 2006, bee keepers started reporting about something called Colony Collapse Disaster (CCD).The main sign of CCD is the loss of adult honey bees from a hive. In October of 2006, some beekeepers reported that they had lost between 30 and 90 percent of their hives.
There were many theories for the disappearance of the bees. But the most convincing one has to do with pesticides and lifestyles of bees today. Nowadays, beekeeper get most of their income not from producing honey but from renting bees to pollinate plants. This means that the life of the typical bee now consists of travelling all around the country to pollinate crops as the seasons change. That means a lot of traveling on trucks, which is very stressful to bees. It is not unusual for up to 30% of the hive to die during transport due to stress. In addition, bees that spend most of their time locked up on trucks are not exposed to what they usually live on. Instead, they live on a sweet liquid from corn, usually polluted with pesticides.
The exact reason for the disappearance of bees is not sure, but losing bees is very costly to the economy. The bee pollination services are worth over $8 billion a year. With no bees, pollination will have to be done by hand, which would have effects on the quality of food and increased food priced. We hear a lot about big environmental disasters almost every day. But one of the biggest may just be the less of that tiny flying insect.
71.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Bees not only provide us with honey, but also help pollinate crops. However, they are disappearing at an alarming rate for unknown reason, which will be disastrous to us and economy. Some people think it is the pesticide while others think it is due to transport.
【解析】
【分析】本文属于环保文章，介绍蜜蜂正以惊人的速度消失，这可能和运输、农作物使用杀虫剂以及环境有关，但是没人知道确切原因。要求考生阅读完总结论点，不能超过60个词。
【详解】第一步，归纳各个段落的段落大意，第一段讲述蜜蜂对我们很重要，但是却以惊人的速度消失，第二段讲述蜜蜂出现这种状况的情形，第三段讲述可能造成此现象的原因；第四段讲述这种现象对我们和经济的影响。
第二步，可以择出重要的信息，蜜蜂对我们很重要，但是却以惊人的速度消失，可能造成此现象的原因，以及影响。
第三步，得出答案，注意过渡与衔接，字数控制在60字以内。
【点睛】概要写作做题技巧。概要写作不是对段落大意的简单堆积，需要学生读懂文章的大概意思和文章结构，还需要一定写作替换技巧，且注意语言的简洁性。第一步，确定文章的话题和各段的段落大意，比如本文话题为蜜蜂的消失，第一段讲述蜜蜂对我们很重要，但是却以惊人的速度消失，第二段讲述蜜蜂出现这种状况的情形，第三段讲述可能造成此现象的原因；第四段讲述这种现象对我们和经济的影响；第二步，分析各个段落的逻辑关系，确定主观点和次要观点；第三步，注意一定的写作技巧，比如同义词、近义词的替换，句型和结构的转换；第四步，检查单词拼写，语法规则，字数问题等。
Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets
72. 究竟是什么激发小王学习电子工程的积极性？(motivate)
73. 网上支付方便了客户，但是牺牲了他们的隐私。(at the cost of)
74. 让我的父母非常满意的是，从这个公寓的餐厅可以俯视街对面的世纪公园，从起居室也可以。(so)
75. 博物馆疏于管理，展品积灰，门厅冷落，急需改善。(whose)
【答案】
72. What on earth has motivated Xiao Wang’s enthusiasm/ initiative to major in electronic engineering
73. Online payment brings convenience to consumers at the cost of their privacy.
74. To my parents’ satisfaction, the dining room of this apartment overlooks the Century Park opposite the street and so it is with the sitting room.
或者What makes my parents really satisfy is that they can see the Century Park from the dining room of this apartment, so can they from the living room.
75. This museum is not well managed, whose exhibits are covered with dust, and there are few visitors, so everything is badly in need of improvement.
或
The museum whose management is reckless, whose exhibits are piled with dust and whose lobby is deserted, requires immediate improvement.
【解析】
【72题详解】
motivate sb to do sth 激发某人做某事，on earth究竟，major in 以…为专业，enthusiasm/ initiative热情/积极性，故翻译为What on earth has motivated Xiao Wang’s enthusiasm/ initiative to major in electronic engineering
【72题详解】
online payment网上支付，brings convenience to给…带来方便，at the cost of以…为代价，privacy隐私，故翻译为Online payment brings convenience to consumers at the cost of their privacy.
【74题详解】
To my parents’ satisfaction令我父母满意的是，也可以用主语从句What makes my parents really satisfy is that，overlooks俯视，opposite the street街对面，so it is with也是如此，living room 起居室。
【75题详解】
not well managed/ management is reckless疏于管理，be covered with dust/ be piled with dust被灰尘覆盖，few visitors游客稀少，be badly in need of improvement/ requires immediate improvement亟需改善。
翻译考点解析：（来自网络）
1. 究竟是什么激发小王学习电子工程的积极性 ( motivate) **
考点1：“究竟是什么”对应强调句型。What is it that
考点2: “激发” motivate sb to do sth
考点3：“电子工程”electronic engineering
参考答案：What is it that motivates Xiao Wang to learn electronic engineering
2. 网上支付方便了用户,但是牺牲了他们的隐私。( at the cost of）***
考点1：it句型。“方便了”对应句型 make it convenient to sb
考点2：让步状语从句。
参考答案：Though online payment makes it convenient to users, it’s at the cost of sacrificing their privacy.
3. 让我的父母非常满意的是,从这个公寓的餐厅可以俯视街对面的世纪公园,从起居室也可以。(so) ****
考点1：主语从句。“让我的父母非常满意的是” What makes my parents very satisfied is that
考点2/3：表语从句，语序变换。The dinning room of this flat can overlook the Century Park across the street.
考点4：倒装句型。so can the living room
难点：从这个公寓餐厅可以俯视，语序需要调整成主谓宾结构。
参考答案：What makes my parents very satisfied is that the dinning room of this flat can overlook the Century Park across the street, so can its living room.
4. 博物馆疏于管理,展品积灰,门厅冷清,急需改善。( whose) *****
考点1： 主干梳理,四字短语 博物馆门厅冷清 翻译为the museum has rarely been visited
考点2：定语从句 展品和博物馆从属关系，用whose处理。The museum whose exhibits are covered with dust
考点3：定语从句 which 急需改善 which is in urgent need of improvement.
考点4：非谓语或介词短语，“疏于管理”可翻译为 Lacking management 或For lack of management
参考答案：For lack of management/ Lacking management, the museum whose exhibits are covered with dust has been rarely visited, which is in urgent need of improvement.
Guided Writing (共25分)
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese
假如你是明后中学的李华，你的朋友李楠给你写了一封信，告诉你他要开发一个新的APP，用这个软件共享衣服，想要征集大家的看法，你是否愿意共享你的衣服，给出理由（信的格式已给）。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Dear Li Nan,
Hearing that you have developed a new app of students sharing clothes, I feel truly proud of your novel idea. Personally speaking, I am willing to share my clothes on your app. The reasons are as follows.
To begin with, it will be wonderful for me if I learn that someone that I barely know of can share my happiness of wearing my clothes. It feels like you are emotionally connecting someone in your clothes. Then I may naturally wish to know more about that particular “someone” and probably further deepen our relationship. In the end, a good friendship between me and my clothes mate might be built based on our common clothes. What’s more, if other students can try my clothes through the app. In turn, I also can try their new clothes.
Therefore, students can wear different types of clothes without actually spending any money.
What’s more important is that sharing my clothes will take full use of them. In today’s material society, there are so many parents who prepare lots of clothes for their beloved children for different occasions, such as a dress for the party, gym suit for indoor sports. Moreover, the clothes can only realize their true value after they are put on a person’s body.
To summarize, sharing my clothes on your app benefits others and me.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封关于共享衣服观点的书信。
【详解】根据提示可知，本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封关于共享衣服观点的书信，时态应为一般现在时。关键要点如下：①开发一个新的APP，用这个软件共享衣服；②表示祝贺；③自己的观点；④理由；⑤总结。
第二步：根据关键要点，确定关键词，如：develop a new app（开发了一款软件），share clothes（共享衣服），feel proud of（感到自豪），emotionally connect someone（情感上连接某人），realize their true value（实现真正的价值）等。
第三步：根据提示及关键词进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题以及句子结构完整。
第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，使之自然流畅，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面。
【点睛】本篇范文结构清晰，内容完整，过渡衔接严谨自然，符合书信的要求，其中不乏亮点句型。
定语从句的使用To begin with, it will be wonderful for me if I learn that someone that I barely know of can share my happiness of wearing my clothes.
名词性从句的使用What’s more important is that sharing my clothes will take full use of them.
非谓语动词的使用Hearing that you have developed a new app of students sharing clothes, I feel truly proud of your novel idea.
附：网上学霸作文一篇仅供参考：
Dear Linan:
Hearing that you have invented an app for clothes sharing of students, I feel truly amazed at your novel idea. Personally speaking, I am really willing to share my clothes on your app. The reasons are as follows.
To begin with, it will be wonderful for me if I learned that someone that I barely know of can share my happiness of wearing my clothes. It feels like you are emotionally connecting someone in your clothes. Then I may naturally wish to know more about that particular“someone”and probably further deepen our relationship. In the end, a good friendship between me and my clothes mate might be built based on our common clothes.
Besides, if other students can try my clothes through the app. In turn, I also can try their clothes. As a result, students can wear different types of clothes without actually spending any money. Such a beautiful news for girls who always believe they are short of clothes, isn’t it
In addition, sharing my clothes instead of letting them rot in my closet seems to be a good way take full use of them. In today’s materially affluent society, there are so many parents who have prepared lots of clothes for their beloved and adorable girls, possibly boys too, for different occasions. A dress for the party, gym suit for indoor sports, you name it. More often than not, these clothes rarely have their chance to shine themselves. So why not share them on the app. After all, the clothes can only fulfill their true value after they were put on a person’s body.
In conclusion, I will definitely share my clothes on your app for the reasons above.
Yours,
Li Hua
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2019年1月全国普通高等学校招生统一考试
上海 英语试卷
Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. In a church. B. In the man’s home. C. In a restaurant. D. In a furniture store
2. A. She was excited.
B. She was very nervous.
C. She was very confident.
D. There was something wrong with her heart.
3. A. She is full. B. She doesn’t like that snack bar
C. She is ill. D. She is going to see the doctor.
4. A. 150 pounds. B. 110 pounds. C. 50 pounds. D. 100 pounds.
5. A. He couldn’t spell the words. B. He did well in spelling.
C. He reckoned that it was hard to say. D. He didn’t do well in contest.
6. A. Concerned. B. Satisfied. C. Relaxed. D. Depressed
7. A. They are talking about a fitness coach.
B. They are discussing about the former firm.
C. They are talking about their former colleague.
D. They are talking about their friends’ school.
8. A. Young people weren’t satisfied with the lecture.
B. The lecture was very successful.
C. Drinking water was banned in the lecture.
D. The lecture made people feel thirsty.
9. A. The boss. B. Tom. C. The woman. D. The man.
10. A. He already has one calculator.
B. He doesn’t like the solar-powered calculator.
C. He is good at calculating.
D. He would like lo have a different present.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. 1938. B. 1939. C. 1942. D. 1948.
12. A. Because most Australians couldn’t afford it.
B. Because the war broke out.
C. Because the flying boats were out of dated.
D. Because land-based aircraft had developed rapidly.
13. A. The price of flying boats.
B. The development of Rose Bay.
C. The surprising history of flying boats.
D. The advancement of flying boats.
Question 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. They have various skills. B. They are well organized.
C. They can solve difficult problems. D. They have creative ideas.
15. A. Disorderliness might result in creativity.
B. Creativity might lead to messiness.
C. Smarter people believe that cleanliness is not important.
D. Messiness helps cultivate creativity.
16. A. The qualities of intelligent people.
B. The misunderstanding of creativity.
C. The relationship between creativity and messiness.
D. The components of creativity.
Question 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. A new research into the human brain.
B. The advantages of men and women.
C. The different connections in brain in men and women.
D. The study on two sides of the brain.
18. A. In men’s brains, there are stronger connections in two sides of the brain.
B. In men’s brains, there are stronger connections in each half of the brain.
C. The connections in men’s brain are not so strong as those in women’s brain.
D. There is nothing different between male and female brain.
19. A. Multitask. B. Map reading. C. Cycling. D. Performing a single task.
20. A. The different-connection theory is not convincing.
B. He holds a neutral attitude to the research findings.
C. The connections inside the brain will not change immediately.
D. He disagrees with the new findings and thinks the connection inside the brain is complex and changeable.
【答案】
1~5. CBCDD 6~10.ACBAC 11~13.ABC 14~16.BBC 17~20. CBAD
听力原文录音文字稿
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
1. W: This table is reserved for you, sir.
M: It looks like a nice table, but it's too close to the kitchen door.
O: Where does the conversation most probably take place
2. M: I saw you on TV yesterday. You were ever so good. You didn't look nervous.
W: To be frank. When it was my turn to speak, I really had my heart in my mouth.
Q: What does the woman mean
3. M: Shall we go and try that snack bar around the corner
W: I can't eat anything. My headaches.
Q: What can we learn about the woman
4. W: A single room is fifty pounds per night, and a double room sixty pounds per night. Stay two nights and you'll get another for free.
M: A single room for three nights, please.
Q: How much should the man pay for his room
5. W: How did you do in the writing contest
M: If only I had paid more attention to spelling.
Q: What can we learn about the man
6. M: Hey. Joan, what's up
W: Nothing much. It's my son! It doesn't seem easy for him to get used to the new school
Q: How does Joan most probably feel about her son
7. M: Have you heard from Mary lately It's said she is not working as a fitness coach.
W: I got an email from her last week. She has been working at a school since she left our firm.
Q: Who are the two speakers talking about
8. W: How did the lecture go
M: Oh, you should have seen those young people. Thirsty for knowledge, drinking in my wisdom.
Q: What does the man mean
9. M: Look at the menu. Everything looks great, but that's too expensive.
W: Have anything you like Tom said it's on our boss.
Q: Who will pay the bill
10. W: David, I got you a present, a solar-powered calculator.
M: I don't need a calculator, Mom. I have one
Q: What does David imply
Section B
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
The calm waters of Rose Bay in Sydney are disturbed only when a seaplane comes into land and take off again. In some way, Rose Bay has witnessed the surprising history of flying boats, type of early seaplane. On the fifth of July, 1938, an empire class flying boat departed from here, Australia's first international airport. It was heading for England and mark the start of the golden age of flying boats. Over ten days, with thirty stops along the route, passengers enjoyed a first class service, including breakfasts of fruit, steak, juice and wine.
But the flight didn't come cheap. Tickets were far beyond the reach of most Australians at a price that was equivalent to an annual salary. The service was suspended in 1942 as war took hold and the planes were officially-used by the air force. By the time normal life started again after the war,land-based aircraft had developed rapidly, and flying boats were looking increasingly out of date. However. Sydney and its vast waters remained well-placed to exploit their resources, and so began a new age for the flying boats
Questions:
11. When did the golden age of flying boats start
12. Why was the service of empire class flying boats stopped in the early 1940s
13. What is the speaker mainly talking about
Questions 14through 16 are based on the following passage.
According to some psychologists, intelligence is the ability to learn from experience, adapt to new situations, understand and handle abstract concepts, and use knowledge to change one's environment. Skills like learning, memory, reasoning, and problem solving enhance these abilities. Therefore, certain habits may be evidence you've got these skills. For example, it is commonly thought that those who are intelligent are organized and have everything in their workspace arranged neatly. But that's not the case.
In an experiment from the University of Minnesota, people in a messy setting came up with more creative ideas than those in a neat space. Kathleen Watts, study author says disorderly environments seem to inspire breaking free of tradition, which can produce the fresh idea. Orderly environments, in contrast, encourage following traditions and playing it safe. But according to Jonathan White, a research scientist at Duke University, creativity is one of the qualities that smarter people tend to possess, and it may actually lead to messiness. He says it's not messiness that helps creativity, but creativity which may create messiness. Such people tend to get lost in thought while focusing on a problem or issue. And cleanliness becomes of less importance that focusing on the problem at hand.
Questions:
14. According to the passage, what are intelligent people like in most people's eyes
15. According to Jonathan White from Duke University. Which of the following statements is true
16. What is the passage mainly about
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
W: James, have you read about the new research into the human brain
M: Not yet. What does it say
W: It says men are better at some things like map reading and finding direction, while women are better at other things like remembering words and faces.
M: Interesting! Now I understand why I'm the one of my family who does all the map reading.
W: The research was done by a team from the University of Pennsylvania. They looked at the brains of nearly one thousand men and women and found they are wired differently
M: Wired differently You mean"connected in different ways"
W: Right! In males, the stronger connections run within each half o the brain. In women. The stronger connections are between the two sides of the brain.
M: I see.
W: The difference might explain why men are better at learning and performing a single task, like reading maps or cycling. But women are often better at doing several things at the same time. They can also concentrate on a task for longer.
M: Now. I can understand why I cannot do several things together.
W: But not everyone agrees. A professor from the University of Oxford said the connections inside the brain are not permanently fixed, and the brain is very complex. Without sufficient data, you can't jump to any general conclusions.
M: I guess the professor is right now.
(Now, listen again.)
Questions:
17: What is the conversation mainly about
18: Compared with women's brains, what does the new research find out about men's brains
19. According to the new research, which of the following are women better at
20: What does the professor from the University of Oxford think of the new research findings
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2019年1月全国普通高等学校招生统一考试
上海 英语试卷
Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）
Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Start with the end and work backwards
When Jason Hoelscher was an undergraduate of fine art studies, there weren’t any professional development classes. So ambition and the timely realization (21) ________ he would have to determine “what’s next” on his own urged Jason to engage his future self to find direction. It was 1996, and he was finishing his BFA (Bachelor of Fine Art) in Denver. He was faced with the choice of sitting back to wait for something (22) ________ (happen), or pursuing a path into the unknown. He chose the latter.
Jason set up a plan that in five years he (23) _________ (show) his work in the top gallery in that area of the country. This five-year goal gave him a starting point (24) ________ which to work backwards.
By setting the goal, all of Jason’s efforts (25) ________ (point) in the same direction. He showed up at different art show openings, and researched as best he could to make (26) ________ familiar with the market environment.
As a result of showing up, Jason took opportunities (27) ________ got him closer to his goal. He sent work to a student show and was accepted by Robin Rule, the owner of Rule Gallery. (28) ________ (inspire), Jason spent the next month making new work.
In April of 1997, Jason went back to Rule Gallery with his new work. (29) ________ scared to death, he looked confident at the gallery meeting. When he left, he left as the newest addition to the rule gallery roster (花名册). He had his first exhibition there one year later.
Jason could have stopped with the show selection, but what he really wanted was gallery representation. He struck while the iron was hot, and in (30) ________ (do) so, shortened his five-year plan into a year-and-a-half.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. repetitive B. continually C. alerts D. pattern E. locate F. mental G. challenge H. network I. evolving J. reversely K. literacy
Bill Drayton believes we’re in the middle of a necessary but painful historical transition. For millenniums most people’s lives had a certain 31 . You went to school to learn a trade or a skill-baking, farming or accounting. Then you could go into the workforce and make a good living repeating the same skill over the course of your career.
But these days machines can do pretty much anything that’s 32 . The new world requires a different sort of person. Drayton calls this new sort of personal changemaker.
Changemakers are people who can see the patterns around them, identify the problems in any situation, figure out ways to solve the problems in any situation, figure out ways to solve the problem, organize fluid teams, lead collective action and then 33 adapt as situations change.
For example, Ashoka fellow Andrés Gallardo is a Mexican who lived in a high crime neighborhood. He created an app, called Haus, that allows people to 34 with their neighbors. The app has a panic button that 35 everybody in the neighborhood when a crime is happening. It allows neighbors to organize, chat, share crime statistics and work together.
To form and lead this community of communities, Gallardo had to possess what Drayton calls “cognitive empathy-based living for the good of all.” Congnitive empathy is the ability to perceive how people are feeling in 36 circumstances. “For the good of all” is the capacity to build teams.
It doesn’t matter if you are working in the cafeteria or the inspection line of a plant, companies will now only hire people who can 37 problems and organize responses.
Millions of people already live with the mind-set. But a lot of people still inhabit the world of following rules and repetitive skills. They hear society telling them: We don’t need you. We don’t need your kids, either.” Of course, those people go into reactionary mode and strike back.
The central 38 of our time, Drayton says, is to make everyone a changemaker. In an earlier era, he says, society realized it needed universal 39 . Today, schools have to develop the curriculums and assessments to make the changemaking mentality universal. They have to understand this is their criteria for success.
Ashoka has studied social movements to find out how this kind of 40 shift can be promoted. It turns out that successful movements take similar steps.
Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context
More people are travelling than ever before, and lower harriers to entry and falling costs means they are doing so for 41 periods.
The rise of “city breaks” 48-hour bursts of foreign cultures, easier on the pocket and annual leave balance has increased tourist numbers, but not their 42 spread. The same attractions have been used to market cities such as Paris, Barcelona and Venice for decades, and visitors use the same infrastructure as residents to reach them. “Too many people do the same thing at the exact same time,” says Font. “For 43 , the city no longer belongs to them.”
This starts with marketing, says Font, who notes that Amsterdam has started advising visitors to seek 44 outside of the city centre on its official website. “That takes some balls, really to do that. But only so many people will look at the website, and it means they can say to their residents they’re doing all they can [to ease congestion].”
But it also 45 a better way, it is called “detourism”: sustainable travel tips an 46 itineraries for exploring an authentic Venice, off the paths beaten by the 28 million visitors who flock there each year.
A greater variety of 47 for prospective visitors ------ ideas for what to do in off-peak seasons, for example, or outside of the city center ------ can have the effect of diverting them from already saturated landmarks, or 48 short breaks away in the first place. Longer stays 49 the pressure, says Font. If you go to Paris for two days, you’re going to go to the Eiffel Tower. “If you go for two weeks, you’re not going to go to the Eiffel Tower 14 times.”
Similarly, repeat visitors have a better sense of the 50 , “We should be asking how we get tourists to 51 , not how to get them to come for the first time. If they’re coming for the fifth time, it is much easier to integrate their behavior with ours.”
Local governments can foster this sustainable activity by giving preference to responsible operator and even high-paying consumers. Font says cities could stand to be more selective about the tourists they try to attract when the current metric for marketing success is how many there are, and how far they’ve come. “You’re thinking, ‘yeah but at what cost...’.”
He points to unpublished data from the Barcelona Tourist Board that prioritizes Japanese tourists for spending an average of 640 more per day than French tourist as a(n) 52 that fails to take into account their bigger carbon footprint. 53 tourists are also more likely to be repeat visitors that come at off-peak times, buy local produce, and 54 to less crowded parts of the city ------ all productive steps towards more 55 tourism, and more peaceful relations with residents.
41. A. longer B. shorter C. wider D. clearer
42. A environmental B. national C. economic D. geographic
43. A. locals B. tourists C. visitors D. cleaners
44. A. transports B. accommodation C. restaurants D. service
45. A. addresses B. paves C. proposes D. receives
46. A. separate B. individual C. alternative D. objective
47. A. reform B. guidance C. invitation D. support
48. A. convincing B. discouraging C. preventing D. resisting
49. A. pace B. escape C. withstand D. ease
50. A culture B. knowledge C. entertainment D. ability
51. A lake over B. bring up C. come back D. lay off
52. A. distinction B. harmony C. association D. comparison
53. A. French B. Italian C. Spanish D. German
54. A. carry out B. give into C. spread out D. impact on
55. A. slight B complex C. temporary D. sustainable
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
I believe that, as a doctor, I should always get a blanket for my patients who need one. Yes I know there are other people who can do this. I can ask a nurse or an orderly to do it, but I believe that I should do it. So several times a day, while working in our emergency department, I leave my patient's bedside, get them a nice warm blanket and cover them up, before continuing on my day.
This action goes along with what I believe to be the three rules of emergency medicine (and perhaps medicine in general). I repeat these often to the residents and medical students I supervise in our busy urban emergency department.
I tell them: (1) we make people feel better; (2) we try to make sure nothing really bad is happening to them right now; and (3)we try to tell them what is causing their symptoms. I say that we can almost always achieve the first two rules but not always the third. No news is usually good news from an ER doctor. If I find a reason for, say, your abdominal pain it is rarely a good thing.
Which brings me back to why I believe I should offer to bring my patients a blanket. To me it is the first step in communicating to the person that my priority is his or her comfort, both physical and emotional. It is a simple act that acknowledges my desire to meet their basic needs as a patient. It may be an overused expression but I want to treat my patients the way I would want my family members taken care of. This behavior was also modeled for me when I was a patient.Shortly after college I was involved in a serious accident while working in an ambulance as a volunteer. The short story s that broke my femur(大腿骨), the large bone in my thigh, and my recovery required a total of four surgeries over a year or so. The surgeon who performed the last three operations usually did his rounds late at night.
He was a brilliant and talented surgeon who reminded me in appearance of a chain-smoking Einstein. He would ask about my pain and my mental state, but what I remember most is his offering to bring me French fries the next time he visited. I felt that he cared about me and, more importantly, understood what I was going through. He connected with me, and I trusted and obeyed everything he told me to do.Getting a blanket and placing it on my patient is, in the end, a check and balance for me. I have the power to order hundreds of tests and treatments. I strive to always be right (or at least never wrong). And on not so rare occasions, I help save a life. But in the end, if I have not made that connection with my patient, if I have not shown them I understand their needs, then I have failed them as a physician and as a person.
56. According to the author, what does the performance of giving blankets to patients mean
A. It may be an overused expression although he doesn't care about it.
B. It gives him the power to order tests and treatments.
C.. It helpful to save a life when you are in trouble.
D. It helps communicate his care towards his patients.
57. The author mentioned his own experience as a patient, which of the following is NOT his intention
A. Showing his gratitude for the surgeon.
B. Demonstrating his action of giving blankets.
C. Implying the similar function of bringing French Fries and giving blankets to patients.
D. Claiming the importance of patients' trust toward doctors.
58. What does the last sentence (paragraph7) imply
A. The author felt regretful for not preparing blankets for their patients.
B. The only principle of a good physician is to understand patients' needs.
C. It important for doctors to convey the cause of their illness clearly.
D.A good physician should show his care to his patients.
59. The passage is mainly about ________________.
A. emphasizing the importance of sincere care and understanding of patients
B. emphasizing how to build a bridge between doctors and patients
C. emphasizing that a small gesture can warm the patient's heart
D. emphasizing how to improve the doctor-patient relationship
(B)
MTLEDANON ICE CENTER *900 CEDAR BOULEVARD*
PITTSBURGH,PA 15228
(412)561-4363 www. mtlebanon.org
WHO: Skaters of all ages and abilities. Must be 3 years of age and potty trained.
Any Preschool Kindergarten age child who has never taken lessons at the Mr. Lebanon Ice Center needs to be evaluated.
The On-line registration feature does not apply to evaluation registration.
Evaluation dates and times are listed below.
EVALUATIONS: Evaluations help to determine both readiness and class placement. Upon completion of the evaluation, it is recommended that you register for classes with an associate located in the ice center booth. A variety of days and times for the evaluations are also listed online and at the Ice Center.
Evaluation registration may be done in person or by phone at 412-561-4363.
DAY EVALUATION DATES TIME EVALUATION FEE
Saturday June 2,2018 12:00 p.m. $5.00
Sunday June 3,2018 12:00 p.m. $500
Monday June 4,2018 10:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. $500
Wednesday June 6,2018 10:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. $5.00
Thursday June 7,20l8 10:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. $5.00
Additional evaluation dates may be offered for session Ⅱ.
REFUND POLICY: Refund requests must be made a minimum of 7 days prior to event. See www.mtlebanon.org for details.
REGISTRATION:
In person—Stop by the Mt. Lebanon Recreation Center, ground floor, Monday through Saturday 9:00 a. m.9:00 p.m. or Sunday 9: 00 a.m. 5:30 p.m.
By Phone—Call the Ice Center at (412)561-4363 to schedule your skating evaluation appointment
Make checks payable to: Mt. Lebanon, PA visa, Master Card, &Debit Cards accepted
QLESTIONS: Please call the Mt. Lebanon Ice Center staff at (412)561-4363
LeboALERT—A FREE notification service(phone, text, e-mail). In the event of an emergency and to provide you with updates about cancellations and recreation department programs and events. Please visit www.mtlebanon,org and sign up for LeboALERT. All recreation participants should sign up, and at minimum select the “Cancellations” category.
60. What’s the passage manly about
A. To introduce a skating program.
B. To advertise a skating center.
C. To serve as a skating assessment schedule.
D. To issue a free skating notification.
61. Mary’s mother wants to registers the evaluation for her daughter. Which time as follows is suitable for her to go to the center
A. Monday 8: 30 a.m. B. Wednesday 2 p.m.
C. Friday 9: 30 p.m. D. Sunday 6: 00 p.m.
62. Which of the following is true according to the passage
A. The evaluation is intended for all preschool and kindergarten children.
B. Refund requests can be accepted within 7 days after the registration.
C. Participants who sign up for Lebo Alert can receive free notification about the event.
D. Evaluation registration can be done in person, by phone or on-line
(C)
Everything about nuclear energy seems terrifically big: the cost, construction and decommissioning—and the fears of something going badly wrong.
The future, however may well be much smaller. Dozens of companies are working on a new generation of reactors that, they promise, can deliver nuclear power at lower cost and reduced risk.
These small-scale plants will on average generate between 50MW and 300MW of power compared with the 1,000MW-plus from a conventional rector. They will draw on modular manufacturing techniques that will reduce construction risk, which has plagued larger-scale projects. Supporters believe these advanced modular reactors (AMRs)—most of which will not be commercial until the 2030s—are critical if atomic power is to compete against the rapidly falling costs of solar and wind.
“The physics hasn’t changed. It’s about much cleverer design that offers much-needed flexibility in terms of operation,” said Tim Stone, long-term industry adviser and chairman of Nuclear risk Insurers, which insures nuclear sites in the UK.
Since the Fukushima meltdown in Japan in 2011, safety fears have threatened nuclear power. But the biggest obstacle today is economic. In western Europe, just three plants are under construction: in the UK at Hinkley point C in Somerset; at Flamanville in France; and at Olkiluoto in Finland. All involve the European Pressurized Reactor technology of EDF that will be used at Hinkley Point. All are running years late and over budget. In the US, the first two nuclear projects under way for the past 30 years are also blowing through cost estimates.
The UK, which opened the world’s first commercial nuclear reactor in 1956, is one of the few western nations committed to renewing its ageing fleet to ensure energy security and meet tough carbon reduction targets. It is seen as a proving ground, by many in the industry, of nuclear power’s ability to restore confidence.
However, the country’s agreement with EDF to build two units at Hinkley Point—which together will generate 3.2GW of electricity—has come under severe criticism over its cost. The government is looking at different funding models but said it still sees nuclear power as vital to the country’s future energy mix. Small reactors, it believes, have the potential to generate much-needed power from the 2030s.
A nuclear sector deal, unveiled last month, promised up to f5om in funding for research and development into AMRs and attracted interest of start-ups from around the world. The government hopes the funding will give the UK a lead in the global race to develop these technologies, helping to provide energy security while also creating a multibillion-dollar export market for British engineering companies.
63. Which of the following is true about the advanced modular reactors (AMRs)
A. AMRs produce more power than traditional reactors
B. Small in scale, AMRs rose more safety risks
C. So far, most AMRs have not been put into use yet
D. Governments prefer energy of solar and wind to that of AMrs
64. In paragraph 5, the author mentions the plants in Western Europe and the US to ________.
A. prove that nuclear power has been threatened by safety concern.
B. show that the construction of nuclear power plants cost more that the budget available.
C. indicate the construction of nuclear plants are slow in speed.
D. point out that most power plants have adopted the latest nuclear technology.
65. What can be inferred from the passage
A. Some people have lost confidence in the development of nuclear plants
B. The UK government seeks to reduce the negative impact of nuclear power on its economy.
C. The plan to build two power plants in Hinkley Point has been deserted
D. a kind costs for small modular reactors would be higher relative to large nuclear reactors.
66. Which of the following can serve as the best title of this passage
A. Britain counts on nuclear energy to keep lights on
B. Traditional nuclear plants boom with mini reactors
C. Nuclear’s share of power generation remain stead
D. Nuclear power looks to shrink its way to success
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A. In other words, the machinery or other equipment covered with the paint was easily damaged. B. Therefore, the new paint can be applied in many aspects. C. Cars get dirty, even under the best of conditions. D. Water droplets do not leave a mark on the painted surface. E. The new materials are created and benefit humans a lot. F. Researchers say the paint could be used in a factory or other large-scale manufacturing.
New Paint Resists Oil and Water
Having an automobile can be costly. In addition to paying for fuel, the owner of a car should set aside money for an insurance policy to guard against possible damage or loss. The owner also has to pay for normal repairs, like an oil change, and other work.Another cost is cleaning.______ (67)________ Who would not want a car that is always clean because drops of water and oil just roll off Now, scientists say it may not be too long before self.cleaning paints become more common in many industries.
It has been long known that rainwater slides off the leaves of some plants without leaving a mark. Soon, the same may be true for raindrops on your car.
Scientists can now reproduce that quality, or property, of tropical plants like the taro and lotus.Researchers are able to do this because of developments in nanophysis: the studies of very small particles.
Yao Lu is a researcher from China's Dalian University of Technology. He currently works at University College London. He used titanium dioxide nanoparticles to create a new kind of water-repellent(防水的) paint.________(68)_________
Up until now, the biggest problem with water-repellent paints was their vulnerability to mechanical damage.______(69)__________
This was solved with a special adhesive or glue that sticks to the titanium dioxide nanoparticles..“Applying this spray adhesive, we've managed to get very resistant coatings that are resistant to, as I say, rubbing or scratching and with sandpaper and so on."
The new kind of paint can be used on a number of materials, from clothing and paper to steel and glass._______(70)________
They predict this product could be used in a number of areas, including auto manufacturing and even hospitals.
Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Where are the bees
Bees are essential to the production of food we eat. Bees make honey, but they also pollinate large areas of crops, such as straw berries, apples and onions. About a third of the food we eat is a result of pollination of the bees. Unfortunately, bees have been disappearing at an alarming rate.
In 2006, bee keepers started reporting about something called Colony Collapse Disaster (CCD).The main sign of CCD is the loss of adult honey bees from a hive. In October of 2006, some beekeepers reported that they had lost between 30 and 90 percent of their hives.
There were many theories for the disappearance of the bees. But the most convincing one has to do with pesticides and lifestyles of bees today. Nowadays, beekeeper get most of their income not from producing honey but from renting bees to pollinate plants. This means that the life of the typical bee now consists of travelling all around the country to pollinate crops as the seasons change. That means a lot of traveling on trucks, which is very stressful to bees. It is not unusual for up to 30% of the hive to die during transport due to stress. In addition, bees that spend most of their time locked up on trucks are not exposed to what they usually live on. Instead, they live on a sweet liquid from corn, usually polluted with pesticides.
The exact reason for the disappearance of bees is not sure, but losing bees is very costly to the economy. The bee pollination services are worth over $8 billion a year. With no bees, pollination will have to be done by hand, which would have effects on the quality of food and increased food priced. We hear a lot about big environmental disasters almost every day. But one of the biggest may just be the less of that tiny flying insect.
71.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets
72. 究竟是什么激发小王学习电子工程的积极性？(motivate)
73. 网上支付方便了客户，但是牺牲了他们的隐私。(at the cost of)
74. 让我的父母非常满意的是，从这个公寓的餐厅可以俯视街对面的世纪公园，从起居室也可以。(so)
75. 博物馆疏于管理，展品积灰，门厅冷落，急需改善。(whose)
Guided Writing (共25分)
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese
假如你是明后中学的李华，你的朋友李楠给你写了一封信，告诉你他要开发一个新的APP，用这个软件共享衣服，想要征集大家的看法，你是否愿意共享你的衣服，给出理由（信的格式已给）。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
