中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2018年6月全国普通高等学校招生统一考试
上海 英语试卷
Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）
Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A comprehensive study of 4 ,500 children conducted by the National Institutes of Health in 2018 shows that children who spent more than seven hours a day staring at screens showed evidence of premature thinning of their brain's cortex--the outer layer that processes sensory information. “We don't know if it (21) ___________( cause) by the screen time. We don't know yet if it's a bad thing. It won't be until we follow them over time (22)________we will see if there are outcomes that are associated with the differences that we're seeing in this single snapshot ," Dr. Gaya Dowling. “What we can say is that this is (23 )_______the brains look like of kids who spend a lot of time on screens. And it's not just one pattern.
The problem isn't just screens (24)_________, but also the way screens tempt kids ( and adults) away from something far more important: physical activity. More than 23 percent of adults and 80 percent of adolescents don't get enough physical activity, and according to a 2019 report from the World Health Organization ( WHO), these patterns of activity and rest arise(25)__________ habits we develop early in life. “What we really need to do is (26)______(bring) back play for children ," says Dr. Juana Williamson, a WHO specialist in childhood obesity and physical activity , in a statement about new WHO guidelines issued in April 2019.This is about making the shift from sedentary time to playtime, while ( 27 )__________( protect) sleep.” Of course, children aren't completely to blame for their screen addiction.
Sometimes, the parents (28 )_________complain about the role of screens in family life are just as guilty of spending too much time in front of one. A 2016 study ( 29 )_______( conduct) by Common Sense Media found that parents spend up to nine hours a day in front of screens , mostly not for work-related reasons. While 78 percent of parents said they believed they were good screen time role models, the study found a disconnect between their behavior and their perception of their behavior. Parents need to limit screen time for themselves and especially for their kids (30 )_________ __________it means playing the bad guy. Our mental and physical health depends on it.
【答案】2l.is being caused 22.that 23.what 24.themselves 25.from
26.bring 27.protecting 28.that/who 29.conducted 30.even if/though
【解析】
2l.is being caused[解析]考查现在进行时的被动。根据句意“随着时间的推移我们还不知道这是不是视屏时间造成的坏事。”视屏时间造成的问题，且有介by 引导出动作的执行者，故用被动语态。
22.that[解析]考查强调句型。It is+被强调部分+that其他。强调时间状语 until we follow them over time
23.what[解析]考查表语从句。what 在表语从句中充当 look like 的宾语。
24.themselves[解析]考查复合不定代词。The problem isn't just screens themselves but also the way screens lure kids (and adults) away from something far more important: physical activity.问题不仅在于屏幕本身，还在于它如何吸引孩子(和成年人)远离更重要的东西:体育活动。
25.from[解析]考查介词搭配。arise from 产生于，固定搭配，故用 from。
26.bring[解析]考查动词不定式省略。be to do sth.前面有实意动词 do，可以省略to，故用 bring。
27.protecting[解析]考查现在分词。连词+v-ing 形式省略主语。
28.that/who[解析]考查定语从句。定语从句，that 充当从句中的主语。
29.conducted[解析]考查过去分词。过去分词修饰前面的名词 study，其与 study是被动关系。
30.even if/though[解析]考查让步状语从句。Parents need to limit screen time for themselves and especially for their kids - even if it means playing the bad guy. 2需要限制他们自己，特别是他们的孩子的屏幕时间，即使这意味着他们要扮演坏人。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.committed B. compared C. contact D. delegation E. destructive F. humble G. negotiate H. respelled I. similarity J. superiors K. witnessed
Some Very “American” Words Come from Chinese
Many of the Chinese words that are now part of English were borrowed long ago. They are most often from Cantonese or other Chinese languages rather than Mandarin. Let’s start to learn them.
kowtow
The English word kowtow is a verb that means to agree too easily to do what someone else wants you to do, or to obey someone with power in a way that seems weak. It comes from the Cantonese word kau tau, which means "knock your head." It refers to the act of kneeling and lowering one's head as a sign of respect to ___31___ – such as emperors, elders and leaders. In the case of emperors, the act required the person to touch their head to the ground. Britain's Lord George Macartney refused to "kau tau" to the Qianlong Emperor. Soon after, the English word "kowtow" was born. In 1793, Britain's King George III sent Lord George Macartney and other trade ambassadors to China to ___32___ a trade agreement. The Chinese asked them to kowtow to the Qianlong Emperor. As the story goes, Lord Macartney refused for his ___33___ to do more than bend their knees. He said that was all they were required to do for their own king.
It is not surprising, then, that Macartney left China without negotiating the trade agreement. After that, critics used the word kowtow when anyone was too submissive to China. Today, the usage has no connection to China, nor any specific political connection.
gung-ho
Another borrowed word that came about through ___34___ between two nations is gung-ho. In English, the word gung-ho is an adjective that means extremely excited about doing something. The Chinese characters "gōng" and "hé" together mean "work together, cooperate." The original term -- gōngyè hézuòshè -- means Chinese Industrial Cooperatives. The organizations were established in the 1930s by Westerners in China to promote industrial and economic development. Lt. Colonel Evans Carlson of the United States Marine Corps observed these cooperatives while he was in China. He was impressed, saying "...all the soldiers ___35___ themselves to one idea and worked together to put that idea over." He then began using the term gung-ho in the Marine Corps to try to create the same spirit he had ___36___. In 1942, he used the word as a training slogan for the 2nd Marine Raider Battalion during World War II. The men were often called the "Gung Ho Battalion." From then, the word gung-ho spread as a slogan throughout the Marine Corps. Today, its meaning has no relation to the military.
typhoon
In English, a typhoon is a very powerful and ___37___ storm that occurs around the China Sea and in the South Pacific. The word history of typhoon had a far less direct path to the English language than gung-ho. And not all historical accounts are the same. But, according to the Merriam-Webster New Book of Word Histories, the first typhoons reported in the English language were in India and were called "touffons" or "tufans." The word tufan or al-tufan is Arabic and means violent storm or flood. The English came across this word in India and borrowed it as touffon. Later, when English ships encountered violent storms in the China Sea, Englishmen learned the Cantonese word tai fung, which means "great wind." The word's ___38___ to touffon is only by chance. The modern form of the word – typhoon – was influenced by the Cantonese but ___39___ to make it appear more Greek.
The American” words are meaningful and vivid, ___40___ them from their history.
【答案】31~35. FJGDC 36~40. AKEIH
31.F[解析]考查 seem+adj.构成的主系表结构，humble 卑微的。句意:服从有权利的人看上去很卑微。
32.J[解析]考查介词+宾语，此处应为名词。句意，它指的是一种像上位者低头下跪的标志。superiors 上位者。
33.G[解析]此句意:1793 年，英国国王乔治三世派乔治·马卡特尼勋爵和其他贸易大使到中国谈判一项贸易协定。negotiate 谈判。
34.D[解析]句意:据报道，马卡特尼勋爵拒绝他的代表团做更多的事，而不仅仅是屈膝。delegation 代表团。
35.C[解析]根据句子成分，句子中缺的是主语，所以要填名词形式。句意:另一个借自两国之间联系的词是 Gung-ho。contact 联系。
36.A[解析]考查固定词组 be committed to 致力于。
37.K[解析]考查 had done sth.句意:他试图创造他目睹的那种精神。
38.E[解析]考查 and 引导的两个并列形容词。句意:在英语中，台风是非常强大并具有破坏性的。destructive 具有破坏性的。
39.I[解析]考查similarity 后加介词 to 的搭配。句意:这个单词和图文的类似只是偶然性的。
40.H[解析]句意:台风的现代形式受广东人的影响，但是它的再次拼写更希腊化。
Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context
When 17-year-old Quattro Musser hangs out with friends, they don't drink beer or cruise around in cars with their dates. ___41___, they stick to G-rated activities such as rock-climbing or talking about books.
They are in good company, according to a new study showing that teenagers are increasingly delaying activities that had long been seen as rites of passage into ___42___. The study, published Tuesday in the journal Child Development, found that the percentage of adolescents in the U.S. who have a driver's license, who have tried alcohol, who date, and who work for pay has plummeted since 1976, with the most precipitous(急剧的) ___43___ in the past decade. The declines appeared across race, geographic, and socioeconomic lines, and in rural, urban, and suburban areas.
To be sure, more than half of teens still engage in these activities, but the ___44___ have slimmed considerably. Teens have also reported a steady decline in sexual activity in recent decades, as the portion of high school students who have had sex fell from 54 percent in 1991 to 41 percent in 2015, according to Centers for Disease Control statistics. "People say, 'Oh, it's because teenagers are more responsible, or more lazy, or more boring,' but they're ___45___ the larger trend," said Jean Twenge, lead author of the study, which drew on seven large time-lag surveys of Americans. Rather, she said, kids may be less ___46___in activities such as dating, driving or getting jobs because in today's society, they no longer need to.
According to an evolutionary psychology theory that a person's "life strategy" slows down or speeds up depending on his or her ___47___, exposure to a "harsh and unpredictable" environment leads to faster development, while a more resource-rich and secure environment has the ___48___ effect, the study said. In the first ___49___, "You'd have a lot of kids and be in survival mode, start having kids young, expect your kids will have kids young, and expect that there will be more ___50___ and fewer resources," said Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University who is the author of "iGen: Why Today's Super-Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy - and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood."
In that model a teenage boy might be thinking more ___51___ about marriage, and driving a car and working for pay would be important for "establishing mate value based on procurement of resources," the study said. But America is shifting more toward the ___52___ model, and the change is apparent across the socioeconomic spectrum, Twenge said. "Even in families whose parents didn't have a college education...families are smaller, and the idea that children need to be carefully ___53___ has really sunk in." The ___54___ of "adult activities" could not be attributed to more homework or extracurricular activities, the study said, noting that teens today spend fewer hours on homework and the same amount of time on extracurriculars as they did in the 1990s (with the exception of community service, which has risen slightly). Nor could the use of smartphones and the Internet be entirely the ___55___, the report said, since the decline began before they were widely available., If the delay is to make room for creative exploration and forming better social and emotional connections, it is a good thing, he said.
41.A.Therefore B. Rather C. Moreover D.Besides
42.A. childhood B.neighborhood C.adolescents D.adulthood
43.A.escapes B. ends C. decreases D.changes
44.A. minorities B.majorities C.masses D.amounts
45.A.taking B. avoiding C.sending D. missing
46.A.interested B.envied C.relieved D. realized
47.A.emotions B. surroundings C. customs D.habits
48.A. wrong B.same C. opposite D.similar
49.A.event B. issue C.case D. occasion
50.A.trouble B. questions C.benefits D. diseases
51.A.deliberately B.delicately C.seriously D. considerably
51.A. slower B.better C.smaller D. faster
53.A.emphasized B. related C.organized D.educated
54.A. implement B.postponement C.achievement D.payment
55.A. cause B.impact C.fact D.result
【答案】41~45.BDCBD 46~50. ABCCD 51~55. CADBA
【解析】
B.【解析】根据句意，两句句子前后作对比。句意：当17岁的夸特罗 穆塞和朋友们在一起时，他们不喝啤酒，也不和约会的人一起在车里兜风。而是坚持G级的活动，如攀岩或登山或讨论书中的内容。Therefore因此；Rather然而：moreover再者；Besides此外。
D.【解析】根据本句中的teenagers知应该进入成年时期。childhood童年：neighborhood邻居： adolescents 青春期：adulthood 成年。
C.【解析】根据本句句意：在过去的十年中岀现了最陡蜡的下降可知，应选C。escape 逃离；end结朿：decrease下降；change改变。
B. 【解析】根据下文内容可知大多数的人已经瘦了很minority少数；majority大多数； masses 民众：amounts 数量。
D.【解析】根据句意：他们错过了更大的趋势可知题中应填missing。
A.【解析】解析：be interested in对… 感兴趣。
B.【解析】根据句意：根据一种进化心理学理论，人的'生命策略“会根据他或她周边环境减 缓或加速可知应选surroundings。emotions 情感；surroundings 周用环境；customs 关税；habits 习惯。
C.【解析】句子中的While有前后作对比之意,故选C。 wrong错误的; same 一样的： opposite相反的；similar相似的。
C.【解析】In the first case在第一种情况下。
D.【解析】根据前文可知预期会带来更多的疾病，更少的资源。trouble麻烦；questions问题； benefits 优点：diseases 疾病。
C.【解析】根据句意：在那种模式下，一个十几岁的男孩可能会更认真地考虑婚姻。deliberately 故意地；delicately精致地；seriously认貞地：considerably 相当地。
A.【解析】根据前文可知，美国正在转向慢速模式。slower减慢：better更好; smaller更小；faster更快的。
D.【解析】根据前句可知，即使父母殳有受过大学教育，但是孩子们需要被小心地接受教育的观念已经深入人心。emphasized强调；related有关系的；organized有组织的：educated受教育的。
B.【懈析】根据前文可知 因为成人活动推迟不能归于更多家庭作业和课外活动。implement实施： postponement 推迟；achievement 成就：payment 支付。
A.【解析】根据上文可知，互联网与智能手机的使用不可能是完全的原因。cause原因；impact 碰撞; fast 快的; result 结果。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Apparently, the idea of money that's not tied to a specific bank — or a specific country — is appealing to many. But it's worth remembering that the banking system that we now all live with is just that: A modern invention. Not so long ago, money was almost always created and used locally, and bartering was common. (In fact, it still is common among many online local networks, like the Buy Nothing Project.).
In the past, money's makeup varied from place to place, depending on what was considered valuable there. So while some of the world's first coins were made from a naturally occurring hybrid of gold and silver called electrum, objects other than coins have served as currency, including beads, ivory, livestock, and cowrie shells. In West Africa, bracelets of bronze or copper were used as cash, especially if the transaction was associated with the slave trade there. Throughout the colonial period, tobacco was used in lieu of coins or paper bills in Virginia, Maryland and North Carolina, even though it was used elsewhere in the colonies and extensively throughout Europe and the U.K.
Today, on an island in the Pacific, a specific type of shell still serves as currency — and some people there are even hoarding it, just like Bitcoin moguls, convinced that one day, it will make them wealthy beyond imagination.
On Malaita, the most-populated island that's part of the Solomon Islands, shells are accepted at most places in exchange for goods.
"How much tuna you can get for your shells depends on their color and shape," Mary Bruno, a shop owner from the small town of Auki, on Malaita, told Vice. "One strip of darker shells might get you about two cans of smaller tuna, but the red ones are worth more. For the red ones, one strip might get enough tuna to feed a big family for a long time."
Just like a mint that creates coins, there's only one place on the island where the shells, which are polished and strung together to form 3-foot-long ropes, are made. (You can see how that works in the video above.) The strips of red, white, and black shells all come from Langa Langa Lagoon, where artificial islands were long-ago built by locals to escape from the island-dwelling cannibals. Once marooned out on their islands, locals needed a currency to use among themselves, and so the shell currency was born.
Using shells for money was common throughout the Pacific islands as late as the early 1900s, but Malaita is unique in that they are still used today. And just like cryptocurrencies, there are those who think the islanders are smart to invest in this type of money, which is reported to have risen in value over the last three decades. It might seem strange to hoard a bunch of processed, strung-together shells, but what is a pile of dollars Just a specially printed piece of paper and hemp that we've assigned value to — and probably less durable over time than those shells.
56. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE
A. Money was created and was widely used in the world.
B. Tobacco was used as coins or paper bills in American in the past.
C. The ingredients of world’s first coins may be the combination of gold and silver.
D. Using shells for money has been out of date in the world.
57. The word “mint” in paragraph 5 is closest in the meaning to _______________.
A. a kind of money that can exchange
B. the leaves of a mint plant used fresh or candied
C. a place to produce and polish shells
D. a factory that produces currency
58.What's opinion of the author towards shells for money
A.Reasonable B.Imaginary C.Convenient. D. Inventive.
59.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A. The History of Bitcoin
B.Shells Still Money
C.The Currency ls of Great Use
D.Some Shells
【答案】 56. C 57. D 58. A 59. B
【解析】
56.C[解析]考查细节理解。根据文中 So while some of the world's first coins were made from a naturally occurring hybrid of gold and silver called electrum(银金objects other than coins have served as currency, including beads, ivory, livestock and cowrie shells，因此，尽管世界上最早的一些硬币是由一种名为银金矿的自然存在的金银混合物制成的，但硬币以外的其他物品却充当了货币，包括珠子、象牙，牲畜和牛壳。故选C。
57.D[解析]考查细节理解。由文章第三段可知通过文中“...there's only one place on the island where the shells, which are polished and strung together to form 3-boLlong ropes,are made”岛上只有一个地方制造贝壳，贝壳经过打磨和电起形成 3英尺长的绳索。以及“Once maroond(闲逛) out on their islands, locals needed a currency to use among themselves, and so the shell currency was bom "日在岛屿上闲逛，当地人需要一种货币在他们之间使用，于是贝壳货币诞生了可知 mint是一个造币的地方，故选 D。
58.A[解析]考查逻辑推理。reasonable 合理的。根据最后一段中 Using shells for money was common throughout the Pacific islands as late as the early 1900s, but Malaita is unique in that they are still used today.可知作者认为贝壳换钱是合理的故选A。
59.B[解析]考查逻辑推理。根据全文可知，作者一直在讨论贝壳仍然被用来充当纸币的事情。故选 B。
(B)
How Do You Move a Giant Sequoia
Boise, Idaho, recently relocated a century-old, living tree provided by John Muir
Inhabitants of Boise, Idaho, watched with trepidation earlier this year as the city's oldest, tallest resident moved two blocks. The 105-year-old sequoia tree serves as a local landmark, not only for its longevity but also because renowned naturalist and Sierra Club co-founder John Muir provided the original seedling. So, when Saint Luke's Health System found that the 10-story-tall conifer (针叶树) stood in the way of its planned hospital expansion, officials called tree-moving firm Environmental Design.
The Texas-based company has developed and patented scooping and lifting technology to move massive trees. Weighing in at more than 800,000 pounds, the Boise sequoia is its largest undertaking yet. “I [had] lost enough sleep over this,” says David Cox, the company's Western region vice president—and that was before the hospital mentioned the tree's distinguished origin.
Before the heavy lifting began, the team assessed the root system and dug a five-foot-deep cylinder, measuring 40 feet in diameter, around the trunk to protect all essential roots. After encapsulating the root ball in wire mesh, the movers allowed the tree to acclimate to its new situation for seven months before relocating it. The illustration details what followed.-Leslie Nemo
l. Mark A Merit and his team at Environmental Design installed underneath the root ball a platform of seven-inch-diameter, 44-foot-long steelbars and , just below the rods , a first set of uninflated airbags ( shown in gray ). The team also dug a shallow ramp.
2. In roughly 15 minutes , the movers inflated the airbags to about three feet in diameter to raise the root ball to the surface of the hole.
3. By underinflating the front bags, the team allowed the platform carrying the tree to roll up the ramp and out of the hole while staying level. A trailer hauled the tree along as team members removed the airbags from the back of the platform and replaced them in the front. They repeated the process until the tree arrived at the edge of its new home.
4.There a second set of partially inflated bags( shown in white ) waited inside the hole. Soil surrounding the sequoia in its original location was relocated as well, because trees are more likely to survive a transplant when they move with their original soil.
5. Using the first set of airbags , the movers rolled the platform into the new hole.
6. The bags waiting there were then inflated further to take the weight of the sequoia while the transportation bags were deflated and removed from under the tree.
7. The white bags were then deflated in about half an hour to lower the sequoia's root ball to the bottom of its hole. The bags were removed, but the metal bars were left with the tree because they rust and degrade over a number of years.
8. For the next five years the local park service will monitor and maintain the tree in its new home.
60. Which of the following words can be used to replace the words underlined “stood in the way of"
A.Resisted. B.Balanced C. Blocked. D.Promoted
6l. What is the reason for the relocation of Sequoia trees
A. Because the Scooping and lifting technology should be put into use.
B. Because it blocks local hospital expansion plans.
C. Because it corresponds to government's plan of Environmental Design.
D. Because sequoia trees are over a hundred years old.
62. How will the migrated sequoia trees be dealt with
A. They will be given new soil in the new living environment
B. Metal rods used to move sequoia trees will not be left on the trees.
C. They will be kept in transport bags all the time
D. They will be managed by specialists in the next five years.
【答案】60.C 61.B 62. D
【解析】
60.C[解析]考查短语意思及上下文理解。根据文章上下文理解可知，此处 stood in the way of 为阻碍的意思，可以替换的单词为C选项 hinder 阻碍;妨碍; 阻挡故选 C。
61.B[解析]考查文章细节理解。根据第一段中“ So,when Saint Luke's Health System found that the 10-story-tall conifer stood in the way of its planned hospital expansion, officials called tree-moving firm Environmental Design."可知，红移树碍了医院扩建计划，故选 B。
62.D[解析]考查文章细节理解。根据文章中“8. For the next five years the local park service will monitor and maintain the tree in its new home.”可知,在未来五年内本地公园服务处将会监察及维修新居树木，故选 D.
(C)
The budget line is an elementary concept that most consumers understand intuitively without a need for graphs and equations -- it's the household budget, for example.
Taken informally, the budget line describes the boundary of affordability for a given budget and specific goods.
One of the interesting ways the study of economics relates to human behavior generally is that a lot of economic theory is the formalization of the kind of simple concept outlined above -- a consumer's informal understanding of the amount she has to spend and what that amount will buy.
In the process of formalization, the concept can be expressed as a mathematical equation that can be applied generally.
To understand this, think of a graph where the vertical lines quantify how many movie tickets you can buy and where the horizontal lines do the same for crime novels. You like going to the movies and reading crime novels and you have $150 to spend. In the example below, assume that each movie costs $10 and each crime novel costs $15. The more formal economics term for these two items is budget set.
If movies cost $10 each, then the maximum number of movies you can see with the money available is 15. To note this you make a dot at the number 15 (for total movie tickets) at the extreme left-hand side of the chart. This same dot appears at the extreme left above "0" on the horizontal axis because you have no money left for books -- the number of books available in this example is 0.
You can also graph the other extreme -- all crime novels and no movies. Since crime novels in the example cost $15 and you have $150 available, if you spend all the available money crime novels, you can buy 10. So you put a dot on the horizontal axis at the number 10.
You'll place the dot at the bottom of the vertical axis because in this instance you have $0 available for movie tickets.
If you now draw a line from the highest, leftmost dot to the lowest, rightmost dot you'll have created a budget line. Any combination of movies and crime novels that falls below the budget line is affordable. Any combination above it is not.
63. Which sentence about the budget line is NOT TRUE
A. It is a limitation of affordability for a given budget and specific goods.
B. Most costumers will be confused with this concept because of its complex.
C.I is the effectively a map of future expenditures.
D. It can be expressed as a mathematical equation.
64.What is the purpose of the passage
A.To tell us any concept can be expressed as a mathematical equation.
B.To help us figure out the meaning of Budget Line
C. To tell us we should budget before we buy goods
D.To give an instruction of drawing a budget Line
65. Assume that each movie costs $ 10 and each crime novel costs $ 15， you have $ 150.
Which is RIGHT according to this passage
A.The maximum number of movies you can see is 10.
B. The maximum number of crime novels you can buy is 15
C.You can buy 7 crime novels and see 5 movies.
D.You can buy 7 crime novels and see 4 movies
66. What is the best title of this passage
A. Are we really know the economic concept of a budget line
B. The Budget Line as an Economics Concept
C. The Budget Line as an Informal Consumer Understanding
D. The Complex Concept-Budget Line
【答案】 63. B 64. B 65.D 66.A
【解析】
63.B [解析] 考森细节。由 The budget line is an elementary concept that most consumers understand intuitively without a need for graphs and equations.个基本概念，大多数消费者直观地理解它，而不需要图表和方程式。可知选 B。
64.B[解析]考查全文概括的能力。由第一个标圈“Understand the Economic Concept of a Budget Line'以及“The term "budget line" has several related meanings可以整篇文章就是围绕 Budget Line 是什么展开的。故选 B。
D[解析]考查文章的理解以及逻辑思维能力。由文中对 Budget Line 的公式解释以及举的例子可知: 150 美金能只看 15 部电影，只买 10 本小说，或者买7本小说，看4场电影。所有的消费活动需要控制在 150 美金之内。
66.A[解析]考查全文概括能力。由第一个标题 Understand the Economic Concept of a Budget Line 以及后续对 Budget Line 的解释可知选项A 最合适，其他选项以偏概全。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
Magazine Articles: More Valuable Than You May Think
Parents are often surprised when teachers suggest their children read magazines. Read on to learna bout the benefits that reading magazines offers to young readers and how to introduce your children to the medium.
Magazine Benefits
Magazine articles can provide reluctant readers with a lively, breezy writing style that can inspire them to read more.
The articles in magazines are generally short, which allows a child to finish reading a feature article without losing interest due to a short attention span. The writing in magazines also tends to be easy to read, especially if it is a children's publication.
By allowing your child to read magazines at an early age, you are encouraging development of a useful skill. ___________(67)__________________. Getting into the habit of reading periodicals as a child will foster the habit of reading news articles that may continue into adulthood.
____________(68)________________. Magazine articles challenge students to think about issues they may have never considered or cause them to rethink their world view. Information is available in a wide variety of reading levels because magazines are written for every audience imaginable. Many publications cover the same material in different writing styles that might make it easier for your child to comprehend.
Magazine Activities
Reading magazines as a family can be used to introduce each other to the various interests that each family member possesses. When your children are finished with their magazines, encourage them to pass their issue on to a sibling or other family member.
Once each family member has finished reading each magazine, you can use them for art and writing projects. These projects are for family members of all ages:
Cut out pictures to help your preschool and kindergarten children learn their alphabet, numbers, and colors.
____________(69)_______________. Paste the picture at the top of a page and have them write a story about what is happening or what the picture represents.
Clip pictures to create a collage. Many teenagers love using their artistic talents to collage.
__________(70)_______________. The skills that students utilize and strengthen when reading magazines can be applied to higher level reading and other academic subjects. Encouraging your child to read by giving them a magazine subscription could cause them to take the leap from being a reluctant reader to a voracious page-turner.
The format of magazines enables children to be exposed to a wide variety of subjects. Magazines and newspapers provide adults with critical news. Being exposed to magazines and newspapers benefits you a lot. Keep interesting magazine pictures to give children story ideas. Magazines are valuable assets for many people, but in particular to children. F. Magazines and newspapers are expensive now but out of style.
【答案】 67.B 68.A 69.D 70. E
67.B[解析]句意:杂志和报纸给成人提供了重要的新闻。根据下文一句话可知从小就养成阅读期刊的习惯,就会养成阅读可能持续到成年的新闻文章的习惯故选 B。
68.A[解析]句意:杂志的版式使儿童能够接触到各种各样的科目。根据该段下文可知，杂志可以让孩子思考他们从来没有考虑过的事情。故选 A。
69.D[解析]句意:保持能够给孩子带来故事想法的有趣的杂志图片。根据该段下一句将图片粘贴在页面的顶部，并让他们写一个关于正在发生的或图片所代表的内容的故事可知。故选 D。
70.E[解析]句意:对许多人来说，杂志是宝贵的财富，特别是对儿童来说根据上下文可知，主要讲述了杂志对于我们的重要性，尤其是儿童。故选 E。
IV.Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Becoming an attractive employee
The 2008 financial crisis created an unstable job market. Fast-forward to the present, and the economy has not fully recovered. Thus, it’s of vital importance for job seekers to carefully strategize their approach to job application. And it is especially important for those new to the workforce. They should look at making themselves as attractive as possible to employers.
For young people, information technology skills will play an increasing role in the future As the generation to have grown up in the Information Age, they are quite confident when it comes to showing off their interests and skills in this field. This makes them a natural fit for companies seeking expertise in technology, marketing, and networking. They should emphasize these skills when applying for jobs that require the ability to multitask.
Another attractive quality is experience. It is important that an applicant’s resume list any activities that involved teamwork and goal-driven responsibilities. Membership in a sports or social club and participation as a volunteer are good examples of this. These activities involve goal management and planning, along with the ability to focus while competing on a team. When hiring committees see this, they see a candidate who is capable of working in a variety of environments.
Finally, an attractive quality when job-hunting is a great attitude toward a potential job. Young job seekers are known to be overconfident because they have been praised for everything they have done. But they must realize that the employment market is about how an employee will be a good fit for a company, not the other way around. In fact, in an interview, an important question to ask is: “What would be expected of me as an employee ”
In today’s tough job market. young job seekers need to provide a potential employer with good reasons to hire them.
71.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A 在包含主题句及涵盖三个要点的基础上，能根据文章准确阐述三个要点中任意两点
B 在包含主题句及涵盖三个要点的基础上，能根据文章准确阐述三个要点中任意两点 They need to demonstrate their knowledge and skills in information technology. They should include in their resumes the experiences that reflect they are cooperative and goal-oriented. They need to adopt a proper attitude, that is, taking future employers’ expectations into consideration.
C 必须包含主题句及涵盖三个要点（可以不展开） 主题句需表达的意思：How can young people attract their future employers 或 How do young job seekers strategize the approach to job application 三个要点：information technology skills， experience, attitudes
D 1.只提到三个要点，但没有主题句
2.有主题句，但三个要点只提到两个
E 1.只提到一个或两个要点，但没有主题句
2.有主题句，但三个要点只提到一个
1. 如字数超6个（一行）以内（包括6个），在得分基础上扣1分，如字数超过6个以上得分基础上扣2分。
2. 如果有一处和一处以上连续5个单词与原文相同。在得分基础上扣1分。
参考答案:
How can young people attract their future employers First, they need to demonstrate their knowledge and skills in information technology. Second, they should include in their resume the experiences that reflect they are cooperative and goal-oriented. Finally they need to adopt a proper attitude, that is, taking future employers’ expectations into consideration.
考生范文：
Due to financial crisis, young people should appear fully attractive to attach to employers. Firstly, information technology skills are preferred in multitask because of its increasing importance. Besides, experience involving teamwork and valuable personal qualities is also of great value. Finally, employees should express their genunie hopes to show a great attitude to the job. All above contributes to hiring.(9分)
Since the economy is not good at all, it's essential for employees to become attractive. First, information technology skills are more nature for the young and important to get a job. Second, experience with group operation that needs management and variety is also important. Third, becoming humble and having a right attitude is also the employers are looking for.(8分)
Because of the financial crisis, the job seekers should be more attractive to apply for jobs. People should pay more attention to show their skillful expertise and their various experience working with others or their memberships. What’s more, keeping humble is important when you are in an interview. With this ideas, job seeker will get their ideal jobs.(6分)
After the financial crisis, being an attractive employee is important. Different skills in modern fields can make employers more easily find their job and show themselves. Rich working experience can help you survive in tough working surroundings well. And not being so confident is also very important for finding jobs.(不到6分)
V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets
1. 她们中谁可能当过排球教练？(may)
【考点】may have done
【词汇】担任——be；work as；serve as。
排球教练——volleyball coach（trainer也可以，但球队教练一般用coach）
或用动词：coach a volleyball team
【难点】她们“中”：among/of them
参考译文：
Who among them may have coached a volleyball team
Who may have been a volleyball coach among them
May any of them have worked as a volleyball coach
2. 我看见他换上徒步鞋，向草坪走去。(make for)
【考点】see sb. do sth.（或可用从句see that...）
【词汇】换上——change into；put on
徒步鞋——hiking/trekking/walking boots/shoes（hiking/trekking较地道）
草坪——lawn/green belt；meadow/grassland（一般指草场、牧场）
【难点】“换上”、“走去”两个动词的处理：and并列。
参考译文：
I saw him change into hiking boots and walk toward the lawn.
I saw him put on his hiking shoes and make for the lawn.
I saw him put on his hiking shoes, making for the lawn.
3. 妈妈将闹钟设为每六小时响一次，提醒自己该给宝宝量体温了。(reminder)
【考点】as a reminder to do/of sth./that...
【词汇】设置闹钟六个小时响一次——set the alarm clock to ring every six hours
【难点】“提醒自己”用名词表达：a reminder for herself
参考译文：
Mom sets the alarm clock to ring every six hours as a reminder for herself to take the baby’s temperature.
Mom sets the alarm clock ringing every six hours as a reminder to take her baby's temperature.
Mom sets the alarm clock for (once) every six hours as a reminder to take her baby's temperature.
Mom sets up an alarm clock which goes off every six hours as a reminder to take her baby's temperature.
4. 在这个村落里，人们通常每餐只吃八分饱，但这种健康的饮食习惯最初是为了应对食物短缺的困境。(until)
【考点】until可以用在“eat until they are satisfied”；或keep the habit...until they have abundant food
【词汇】八分饱——eat 30% less；leave off with an appetite；(not)eat until they are full等
应对……困境——cope with/deal with/respond to；或介词against/in reaction to/in response to...
每餐——for every single meal；each meal
【难点】防止冗余的翻译：如deal with the lack of food（缺少食物的困境）；healthy eating habit、或healthy diet（健康的饮食习惯）；（通常每餐吃八分饱）
参考译文：
People in this village usually eat until they are satisfied，but this healthy diet came from the shortage of food in the early days.
In this village people usually eat until they are 80 percent full for each meal, but this healthy way of eating was originally developed to deal with /address the poor/hard conditions/situation of food shortage.
In this village, people usually eat every meal until they are 80 percent full, but this healthy eating habit was to deal with the shortage of food initially.
In the village, people always don’t stop having each meal until they feel almost full, but this healthy diet habit was to deal with the food short situation originally.
VI.Guided Writing (共25分)
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese
假设你是明启中学高三学生卢平，你校英语报向全体高三学生征文，题目为"My teachers"，你有意投稿，撰写一篇文章，内容包括：
1. 对遇到过的老师进行分类
2. 具体描述每一类老师的特征
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
范文1
I've been studying in MingQi for three years, and it's time for graduation now! During the precious three years, it's lucky of me to meet with all these perfect teachers.
First, the“friend-kind”teachers. They are usually rather young and pared with being a strict teacher I may be afraid of, they are rather be my friends. During the breaks, I will usually have a relaxing and causal communication with them, the topic of which may be beyond the subjects. They teach ranging from basketball, entertainment and chess.
Second, the “parent-kind” teachers. They are usually in their forties and may have a child the same age as me. Viewing all students and their children, the “parent-kind” teachers are always patient and caring in both study and mental and physical health. They will make the classroom a second hunt all students.
Third, the “culture-kind” teachers. Regardless of their age, they are always strict to us which gave us great pressures. Students are demanded highly in class, of course the amount of homework arranged by them is always the largest.
Regardless of the kind of teacher all of them are the people who I appreciate and admire and love.
范文2
In my previous 12-year study life I've met three types of teachers of them left me a deep impression.
The first type is very strict. It was my primary school math teacher. The first day I saw him, he made it a rule that all of us should put our hands on the desk and if anyone of us dare to cope others’ homework, He would tell our parents. He was very strict but had a remarkable education effect.
The second type is very kind. It was my middle school P.E. teacher. He was in his twenties. Despite the fact that he was the teacher, he played basketball with us every day. Moreover, he brought us ice-creams for many times.
The last type is the teachers who are just like friends. My senior high school teacher all this type. Their class atmosphere was a rather active and every one of us were ready to interact with them. We learned a lot of knowledge as well as made friends with them. They were also ready to point out us what the right road is.
The third type teacher is the one that every students want to have. But whatever the teacher's character is we should respect them because all teachers are eager to cultivate us.
范文3
On the path of pursuing knowledge, numerous teachers we have encountered may have a lifelong impact on us, and even contribute to shaping who we are. Looking back on my school life, my teachers can be generally classified into three types: dedicated, approachable, and irresponsible.
Dedicated teachers are most popular among students not only because of their outstanding professional knowledge but also because of their devotion to the career of teaching. You can expect more than class time of them. They may have a face-to-face communication with you after class to enlighten you with a tricky math problem. They may sacrifice their family time to keep you company so that you can smooth your emotional problem caused by your own family. Needless to say, most teachers fall into this category.
The second type of teacher may seem less qualified in terms of their teaching skills, but they can also easily win students’ hearts because they can be entrusted with our deepest secrets. Childhood and adolescence are awkward periods when we struggle to explore our own way in the world. Our peers may be just as inexperienced as us while our parents seemingly live on another planet. So a friendly adult like approachable teachers can be a life saver.
We tend to be careful when labeling a teacher irresponsible, but they do exist. Some of them may have temper issue, while others may disregard their own job. One of my teachers fit the description, who was directly linked to my poor academic performance during his stint.
In the future, as my learning continues, I will have opportunities to meet more teachers. Whereas, never will I forget the assistance from my previous teachers or their passion for knowledge.
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2018年6月全国普通高等学校招生统一考试
上海 英语试卷
Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. In a supermarket. B. At the laundry.
C. In a clothing store. D. At the tailor’s.
2. A. He enjoys working hard. B. He is tired of piles of work.
C. His complaint about work is sensible. D. His hard work doesn’t pay off.
3. A. He’s changing the light. B. He’s burning the wires.
C. He’s dancing on the desk. D. He is checking the bulb.
4. A.￡100. B. ￡200. C. ￡700. D. ￡600.
5. A. She has no chance to get the job. B. She is sure to be hired.
C. There will be a fierce competition. D. Others will not give the chance to her.
6. A. The man’s habit of drinking wine keeps him awake all night.
B. This man should sleep in a comfortable bed.
C. A little drinking can make the man sleep more comfortably.
D. Both the bed and the wine should be blamed for the man’s insomnia.
7. A. The size of the shirt is probably small for him.
B. He doesn’t want any new shirt.
C. He’s exercising to put on some weight.
D. The receipt is essential to buy another shirt.
8. A. Lead him to take another flight.
B. Provide him with a place to stay tonight.
C. Tell his friends to pick him up at the airport.
D. Inform him of the new flight in time.
9. A. A very popular hotel. B. The competitive job market.
C. The large population of the city. D. The hot news on TV.
10. A. The physics problem is Greek to all the students.
B. Professor smith cannot teach the students well.
C. The man still doesn’t understand the problem.
D. It is unfortunate for the man to have physics class.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation, after each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions, the passage and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Britain. B. France. C. Spain. D. America.
12. A. St. Augustine was destroyed by the hurricanes in 2017.
B. America became in charge of St. Augustine in 1821.
C. The United Kingdom is the real owner of St. Augustine now.
D. The visitors do not like to see the coastal views there.
13. A. The extraordinary history of St. Augustine.
B. The hardships St. Augustine once suffered.
C. The popular coastal tourism of St. Augustine.
D. The beautiful architecture and scenery in St. Augustine.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. The transport system of London is available everywhere.
B. Tokyo’s lost property office is the biggest one in the world.
C. The lost items are an important source of funding for London.
D. In most cases, people don’t care about the things they lost.
15. A. The lost items are collected all over the country.
B. Losing old things may become a good chance for new ones.
C. The items that are not claimed will be valuable for the transport.
D. Most of the lost items will be given back to the owners.
16. A. Losing shoes enables them to meet new opportunities.
B. The lost shoes are meaningless to them.
C. They get the chance to treat themselves with new shoes.
D. Shoes once get lost, it’s difficult to find them back.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. She is discussing business with this man.
B. She’s looking around a house for rent.
C. She’s watching the house she wants to buy.
D. She is talking about the loan with the bank staff.
18. A. The wine storage area. B. The advanced equipment.
C. The relaxing colors of the wall. D. The reasonable layout.
19. A. It’s dirty cheap. B. It’s unreasonable.
C. It’s unexpected. D. It’s acceptable.
20. A. The householder often ignores customers’ offering.
B. The woman is superior to others in buying this house.
C. The house agent is uncertain about the woman’s offering.
D. The house has been ordered in advance by other people.
【答案】
1~5. DADCB 6~10. AABBC 11~13.CBA 14~16.DBC 17~20.CADB
听力原文录音文字稿
Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
M: Good morning. Can I help you
W: Yes, this dress is too long. Would you please shorten it for me
Q : Where does the conversation most probably take place
W: Jack, you look tired.
M: Yes, I got piles of work to do. But it gives me a great sense of achievement.
Q: What can we learn about the man
W: John, what's up Why are you standing on the desk
M: The lights suddenly went off. The bulb must have burnt out.
Q: What is the man most probably doing
W: I will take this room, how much is the rent
M: Well, two hundred pounds each month. You need to pay three months’ rent in advance, plus a deposit of 100 pounds.
Q: According to the man, how much should the woman pay in total
W: I'll take an interview for a part-time librarian tomorrow.
M: Don't worry. Others stand no chance if you take the interview.
Q: How does the man feel about the woman's chance of getting the job
M: I couldn't sleep at all last night. The bed is not comfortable.
W: Don't blame the bed. You should stop drinking wine.
Q: What does the woman imply
W: Andy, I bought a shirt for you.
M: Thank you. I hope you kept the receipt. I've put on some weight.
Q: What does the man imply
W: I'm terribly sorry, but your flight has been canceled.
N: What In that case, I hope you will put me up somewhere tonight.
Q: What does the man expect a woman to do for him
W: A new hotel is looking for workers. They need three hundred new workers. But over 4,000 people showed up.
M: Yes, I saw the news on TV. I still have my job, thank goodness.
Q: What are the speakers talking about
W: Professor smith explained the physics problem very clearly.
M: Did he Unfortunately, it is still all Greek to me.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation, after each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions, the passage and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following talk.
With a fascinating past and more than four centuries of history, St. Augustine is one of the nation's oldest cities and an American treasure. Located on Florida’s Atlantic coast, it is home to many fine examples of European architecture and wild scenic views. In 1513, while looking for the storied fountain of youth, an explorer found this land and called it La Florida, and claimed it for Spain, then in 1565, a Spanish conquer established a settlement there and named it St. Augustine, except for a twenty year period of English rule. Florida remained under Spanish rule until the United States took control in 1821. In the years after its founding, the city of St. Augustine was attacked by the French and English and by native Americans who are said to have shot flaming arrows at the city's defensive building, setting it on fire. More recently, nature has stricken the region with hurricanes, Matthew on 2016 and Irma in 2017. Still, St Augustine endures. As the region recovers, visitors shouldn't overlook it. St. Augustine has suffered much in its long history. Hopefully, visitors will come and perhaps support the Florida’s coast recovery while discovering its centuries of history and miles of coastal beauty.
Questions:
Which country first governed Florida in history
Which of the following statements is true of Saint Augustine
What is the passage mainly about
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following talk.
Transport for London has a lost property office which collects the items left behind as people flow through the city's transport system each day. It is the biggest lost property office in Europe, beaten globally only by Tokyo's. 65 staff sort through hundreds of thousands of lost and forgotten items each at the office, which is run by Paul Cowan. According to the latest data, Cowan’s team dealt with over three hundred thousand items in the first quarter of the year. As the data reveals, very few are claimed. For example, of the nearly 13,000 keys handed into lost property last year, just under 1,400 were returned to their owners, says Cowan. Overall, twenty percent of stock is claimed within three month. After that time, stock becomes the property of transport for London. And it's not necessarily the items you'd expect. A wander through the three basement floors that make up the lost property office gives us an idea of what we value enough to recover and what we're happy to let go. Cowan has discovered something interesting about the complexity of lost shoes. He said, if you have one shoe, you are more likely to go looking for the other. If you lose two shoes, well, it's slightly out of sight, out of mind. He guesses many people regard loss as an opportunity to treat themselves to something new.
Questions:
14. What is the passage mainly about
15. Which of the following is true of the lost items
16. According to Cowan, why don't some people get their lost shoes back
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
W: I have a good feeling about this house.
M: If you like the outside, you're going to really love the inside.
W: What a beautiful home! And I like the way the window screen gives you privacy from the street.
M: Follow me into the kitchen. You will love it.
W: Wow! They put a wine storage area in the kitchen. I love it! The best part is the bedroom and attached bathroom. I love the relaxing colors of the wall and floor covering. I'd like to make an offer on this house.
M: As your house agent, I'm here to take care of this process. How much were you planning on offering
W: I really like the house and will pay the full asking price of 380,000 dollars.
M:We’d better leave ourselves some bargaining room. Let's offer 350,000 dollars.
W: That sounds good. But I don't want this house to get away from me.
M: The market is fairly down right now. So the offer is a realistic one.
W: When will we know if they’ll accept the offer
M: The owners usually respond to an offer within a few days
W: Should I be contacting my bank in the meantime
M: You're already pre-qualified for your loan. So you're in good shape.
Questions:
17. What is the woman most probably doing
18. What does the woman like best in the kitchen
19. What does the woman think of the man’s offer on the house at first
20. Which of the following is true according to the passage
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2018年6月全国普通高等学校招生统一考试
上海 英语试卷
Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）
Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A comprehensive study of 4 ,500 children conducted by the National Institutes of Health in 2018 shows that children who spent more than seven hours a day staring at screens showed evidence of premature thinning of their brain's cortex--the outer layer that processes sensory information. “We don't know if it (21) ___________( cause) by the screen time. We don't know yet if it's a bad thing. It won't be until we follow them over time (22)________we will see if there are outcomes that are associated with the differences that we're seeing in this single snapshot ," Dr. Gaya Dowling. “What we can say is that this is (23 )_______the brains look like of kids who spend a lot of time on screens. And it's not just one pattern.
The problem isn't just screens (24)_________, but also the way screens tempt kids ( and adults) away from something far more important: physical activity. More than 23 percent of adults and 80 percent of adolescents don't get enough physical activity, and according to a 2019 report from the World Health Organization ( WHO), these patterns of activity and rest arise(25)__________ habits we develop early in life. “What we really need to do is (26)______(bring) back play for children ," says Dr. Juana Williamson, a WHO specialist in childhood obesity and physical activity , in a statement about new WHO guidelines issued in April 2019.This is about making the shift from sedentary time to playtime, while ( 27 )__________( protect) sleep.” Of course, children aren't completely to blame for their screen addiction.
Sometimes, the parents (28 )_________complain about the role of screens in family life are just as guilty of spending too much time in front of one. A 2016 study ( 29 )_______( conduct) by Common Sense Media found that parents spend up to nine hours a day in front of screens , mostly not for work-related reasons. While 78 percent of parents said they believed they were good screen time role models, the study found a disconnect between their behavior and their perception of their behavior. Parents need to limit screen time for themselves and especially for their kids (30 )_________ __________it means playing the bad guy. Our mental and physical health depends on it.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.committed B. compared C. contact D. delegation E. destructive F. humble G. negotiate H. respelled I. similarity J. superiors K. witnessed
Some Very “American” Words Come from Chinese
Many of the Chinese words that are now part of English were borrowed long ago. They are most often from Cantonese or other Chinese languages rather than Mandarin. Let’s start to learn them.
kowtow
The English word kowtow is a verb that means to agree too easily to do what someone else wants you to do, or to obey someone with power in a way that seems weak. It comes from the Cantonese word kau tau, which means "knock your head." It refers to the act of kneeling and lowering one's head as a sign of respect to ___31___ – such as emperors, elders and leaders. In the case of emperors, the act required the person to touch their head to the ground. Britain's Lord George Macartney refused to "kau tau" to the Qianlong Emperor. Soon after, the English word "kowtow" was born. In 1793, Britain's King George III sent Lord George Macartney and other trade ambassadors to China to ___32___ a trade agreement. The Chinese asked them to kowtow to the Qianlong Emperor. As the story goes, Lord Macartney refused for his ___33___ to do more than bend their knees. He said that was all they were required to do for their own king.
It is not surprising, then, that Macartney left China without negotiating the trade agreement. After that, critics used the word kowtow when anyone was too submissive to China. Today, the usage has no connection to China, nor any specific political connection.
gung-ho
Another borrowed word that came about through ___34___ between two nations is gung-ho. In English, the word gung-ho is an adjective that means extremely excited about doing something. The Chinese characters "gōng" and "hé" together mean "work together, cooperate." The original term -- gōngyè hézuòshè -- means Chinese Industrial Cooperatives. The organizations were established in the 1930s by Westerners in China to promote industrial and economic development. Lt. Colonel Evans Carlson of the United States Marine Corps observed these cooperatives while he was in China. He was impressed, saying "...all the soldiers ___35___ themselves to one idea and worked together to put that idea over." He then began using the term gung-ho in the Marine Corps to try to create the same spirit he had ___36___. In 1942, he used the word as a training slogan for the 2nd Marine Raider Battalion during World War II. The men were often called the "Gung Ho Battalion." From then, the word gung-ho spread as a slogan throughout the Marine Corps. Today, its meaning has no relation to the military.
typhoon
In English, a typhoon is a very powerful and ___37___ storm that occurs around the China Sea and in the South Pacific. The word history of typhoon had a far less direct path to the English language than gung-ho. And not all historical accounts are the same. But, according to the Merriam-Webster New Book of Word Histories, the first typhoons reported in the English language were in India and were called "touffons" or "tufans." The word tufan or al-tufan is Arabic and means violent storm or flood. The English came across this word in India and borrowed it as touffon. Later, when English ships encountered violent storms in the China Sea, Englishmen learned the Cantonese word tai fung, which means "great wind." The word's ___38___ to touffon is only by chance. The modern form of the word – typhoon – was influenced by the Cantonese but ___39___ to make it appear more Greek.
The American” words are meaningful and vivid, ___40___ them from their history.
Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context
When 17-year-old Quattro Musser hangs out with friends, they don't drink beer or cruise around in cars with their dates. ___41___, they stick to G-rated activities such as rock-climbing or talking about books.
They are in good company, according to a new study showing that teenagers are increasingly delaying activities that had long been seen as rites of passage into ___42___. The study, published Tuesday in the journal Child Development, found that the percentage of adolescents in the U.S. who have a driver's license, who have tried alcohol, who date, and who work for pay has plummeted since 1976, with the most precipitous(急剧的) ___43___ in the past decade. The declines appeared across race, geographic, and socioeconomic lines, and in rural, urban, and suburban areas.
To be sure, more than half of teens still engage in these activities, but the ___44___ have slimmed considerably. Teens have also reported a steady decline in sexual activity in recent decades, as the portion of high school students who have had sex fell from 54 percent in 1991 to 41 percent in 2015, according to Centers for Disease Control statistics. "People say, 'Oh, it's because teenagers are more responsible, or more lazy, or more boring,' but they're ___45___ the larger trend," said Jean Twenge, lead author of the study, which drew on seven large time-lag surveys of Americans. Rather, she said, kids may be less ___46___in activities such as dating, driving or getting jobs because in today's society, they no longer need to.
According to an evolutionary psychology theory that a person's "life strategy" slows down or speeds up depending on his or her ___47___, exposure to a "harsh and unpredictable" environment leads to faster development, while a more resource-rich and secure environment has the ___48___ effect, the study said. In the first ___49___, "You'd have a lot of kids and be in survival mode, start having kids young, expect your kids will have kids young, and expect that there will be more ___50___ and fewer resources," said Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University who is the author of "iGen: Why Today's Super-Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy - and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood."
In that model a teenage boy might be thinking more ___51___ about marriage, and driving a car and working for pay would be important for "establishing mate value based on procurement of resources," the study said. But America is shifting more toward the ___52___ model, and the change is apparent across the socioeconomic spectrum, Twenge said. "Even in families whose parents didn't have a college education...families are smaller, and the idea that children need to be carefully ___53___ has really sunk in." The ___54___ of "adult activities" could not be attributed to more homework or extracurricular activities, the study said, noting that teens today spend fewer hours on homework and the same amount of time on extracurriculars as they did in the 1990s (with the exception of community service, which has risen slightly). Nor could the use of smartphones and the Internet be entirely the ___55___, the report said, since the decline began before they were widely available., If the delay is to make room for creative exploration and forming better social and emotional connections, it is a good thing, he said.
41.A.Therefore B. Rather C. Moreover D.Besides
42.A. childhood B.neighborhood C.adolescents D.adulthood
43.A.escapes B. ends C. decreases D.changes
44.A. minorities B.majorities C.masses D.amounts
45.A.taking B. avoiding C.sending D. missing
46.A.interested B.envied C.relieved D. realized
47.A.emotions B. surroundings C. customs D.habits
48.A. wrong B.same C. opposite D.similar
49.A.event B. issue C.case D. occasion
50.A.trouble B. questions C.benefits D. diseases
51.A.deliberately B.delicately C.seriously D. considerably
51.A. slower B.better C.smaller D. faster
53.A.emphasized B. related C.organized D.educated
54.A. implement B.postponement C.achievement D.payment
55.A. cause B.impact C.fact D.result
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Apparently, the idea of money that's not tied to a specific bank — or a specific country — is appealing to many. But it's worth remembering that the banking system that we now all live with is just that: A modern invention. Not so long ago, money was almost always created and used locally, and bartering was common. (In fact, it still is common among many online local networks, like the Buy Nothing Project.).
In the past, money's makeup varied from place to place, depending on what was considered valuable there. So while some of the world's first coins were made from a naturally occurring hybrid of gold and silver called electrum, objects other than coins have served as currency, including beads, ivory, livestock, and cowrie shells. In West Africa, bracelets of bronze or copper were used as cash, especially if the transaction was associated with the slave trade there. Throughout the colonial period, tobacco was used in lieu of coins or paper bills in Virginia, Maryland and North Carolina, even though it was used elsewhere in the colonies and extensively throughout Europe and the U.K.
Today, on an island in the Pacific, a specific type of shell still serves as currency — and some people there are even hoarding it, just like Bitcoin moguls, convinced that one day, it will make them wealthy beyond imagination.
On Malaita, the most-populated island that's part of the Solomon Islands, shells are accepted at most places in exchange for goods.
"How much tuna you can get for your shells depends on their color and shape," Mary Bruno, a shop owner from the small town of Auki, on Malaita, told Vice. "One strip of darker shells might get you about two cans of smaller tuna, but the red ones are worth more. For the red ones, one strip might get enough tuna to feed a big family for a long time."
Just like a mint that creates coins, there's only one place on the island where the shells, which are polished and strung together to form 3-foot-long ropes, are made. (You can see how that works in the video above.) The strips of red, white, and black shells all come from Langa Langa Lagoon, where artificial islands were long-ago built by locals to escape from the island-dwelling cannibals. Once marooned out on their islands, locals needed a currency to use among themselves, and so the shell currency was born.
Using shells for money was common throughout the Pacific islands as late as the early 1900s, but Malaita is unique in that they are still used today. And just like cryptocurrencies, there are those who think the islanders are smart to invest in this type of money, which is reported to have risen in value over the last three decades. It might seem strange to hoard a bunch of processed, strung-together shells, but what is a pile of dollars Just a specially printed piece of paper and hemp that we've assigned value to — and probably less durable over time than those shells.
56. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE
A. Money was created and was widely used in the world.
B. Tobacco was used as coins or paper bills in American in the past.
C. The ingredients of world’s first coins may be the combination of gold and silver.
D. Using shells for money has been out of date in the world.
57. The word “mint” in paragraph 5 is closest in the meaning to _______________.
A. a kind of money that can exchange
B. the leaves of a mint plant used fresh or candied
C. a place to produce and polish shells
D. a factory that produces currency
58.What's opinion of the author towards shells for money
A.Reasonable B.Imaginary C.Convenient. D. Inventive.
59.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage
A. The History of Bitcoin
B.Shells Still Money
C.The Currency ls of Great Use
D.Some Shells
(B)
How Do You Move a Giant Sequoia
Boise, Idaho, recently relocated a century-old, living tree provided by John Muir
Inhabitants of Boise, Idaho, watched with trepidation earlier this year as the city's oldest, tallest resident moved two blocks. The 105-year-old sequoia tree serves as a local landmark, not only for its longevity but also because renowned naturalist and Sierra Club co-founder John Muir provided the original seedling. So, when Saint Luke's Health System found that the 10-story-tall conifer (针叶树) stood in the way of its planned hospital expansion, officials called tree-moving firm Environmental Design.
The Texas-based company has developed and patented scooping and lifting technology to move massive trees. Weighing in at more than 800,000 pounds, the Boise sequoia is its largest undertaking yet. “I [had] lost enough sleep over this,” says David Cox, the company's Western region vice president—and that was before the hospital mentioned the tree's distinguished origin.
Before the heavy lifting began, the team assessed the root system and dug a five-foot-deep cylinder, measuring 40 feet in diameter, around the trunk to protect all essential roots. After encapsulating the root ball in wire mesh, the movers allowed the tree to acclimate to its new situation for seven months before relocating it. The illustration details what followed.-Leslie Nemo
l. Mark A Merit and his team at Environmental Design installed underneath the root ball a platform of seven-inch-diameter, 44-foot-long steelbars and , just below the rods , a first set of uninflated airbags ( shown in gray ). The team also dug a shallow ramp.
2. In roughly 15 minutes , the movers inflated the airbags to about three feet in diameter to raise the root ball to the surface of the hole.
3. By underinflating the front bags, the team allowed the platform carrying the tree to roll up the ramp and out of the hole while staying level. A trailer hauled the tree along as team members removed the airbags from the back of the platform and replaced them in the front. They repeated the process until the tree arrived at the edge of its new home.
4.There a second set of partially inflated bags( shown in white ) waited inside the hole. Soil surrounding the sequoia in its original location was relocated as well, because trees are more likely to survive a transplant when they move with their original soil.
5. Using the first set of airbags , the movers rolled the platform into the new hole.
6. The bags waiting there were then inflated further to take the weight of the sequoia while the transportation bags were deflated and removed from under the tree.
7. The white bags were then deflated in about half an hour to lower the sequoia's root ball to the bottom of its hole. The bags were removed, but the metal bars were left with the tree because they rust and degrade over a number of years.
8. For the next five years the local park service will monitor and maintain the tree in its new home.
60. Which of the following words can be used to replace the words underlined “stood in the way of"
A.Resisted. B.Balanced C. Blocked. D.Promoted
6l. What is the reason for the relocation of Sequoia trees
A. Because the Scooping and lifting technology should be put into use.
B. Because it blocks local hospital expansion plans.
C. Because it corresponds to government's plan of Environmental Design.
D. Because sequoia trees are over a hundred years old.
62. How will the migrated sequoia trees be dealt with
A. They will be given new soil in the new living environment
B. Metal rods used to move sequoia trees will not be left on the trees.
C. They will be kept in transport bags all the time
D. They will be managed by specialists in the next five years.
(C)
The budget line is an elementary concept that most consumers understand intuitively without a need for graphs and equations -- it's the household budget, for example.
Taken informally, the budget line describes the boundary of affordability for a given budget and specific goods.
One of the interesting ways the study of economics relates to human behavior generally is that a lot of economic theory is the formalization of the kind of simple concept outlined above -- a consumer's informal understanding of the amount she has to spend and what that amount will buy.
In the process of formalization, the concept can be expressed as a mathematical equation that can be applied generally.
To understand this, think of a graph where the vertical lines quantify how many movie tickets you can buy and where the horizontal lines do the same for crime novels. You like going to the movies and reading crime novels and you have $150 to spend. In the example below, assume that each movie costs $10 and each crime novel costs $15. The more formal economics term for these two items is budget set.
If movies cost $10 each, then the maximum number of movies you can see with the money available is 15. To note this you make a dot at the number 15 (for total movie tickets) at the extreme left-hand side of the chart. This same dot appears at the extreme left above "0" on the horizontal axis because you have no money left for books -- the number of books available in this example is 0.
You can also graph the other extreme -- all crime novels and no movies. Since crime novels in the example cost $15 and you have $150 available, if you spend all the available money crime novels, you can buy 10. So you put a dot on the horizontal axis at the number 10.
You'll place the dot at the bottom of the vertical axis because in this instance you have $0 available for movie tickets.
If you now draw a line from the highest, leftmost dot to the lowest, rightmost dot you'll have created a budget line. Any combination of movies and crime novels that falls below the budget line is affordable. Any combination above it is not.
63. Which sentence about the budget line is NOT TRUE
A. It is a limitation of affordability for a given budget and specific goods.
B. Most costumers will be confused with this concept because of its complex.
C.I is the effectively a map of future expenditures.
D. It can be expressed as a mathematical equation.
64.What is the purpose of the passage
A.To tell us any concept can be expressed as a mathematical equation.
B.To help us figure out the meaning of Budget Line
C. To tell us we should budget before we buy goods
D.To give an instruction of drawing a budget Line
65. Assume that each movie costs $ 10 and each crime novel costs $ 15， you have $ 150.
Which is RIGHT according to this passage
A.The maximum number of movies you can see is 10.
B. The maximum number of crime novels you can buy is 15
C.You can buy 7 crime novels and see 5 movies.
D.You can buy 7 crime novels and see 4 movies
66. What is the best title of this passage
A. Are we really know the economic concept of a budget line
B. The Budget Line as an Economics Concept
C. The Budget Line as an Informal Consumer Understanding
D. The Complex Concept-Budget Line
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
Magazine Articles: More Valuable Than You May Think
Parents are often surprised when teachers suggest their children read magazines. Read on to learna bout the benefits that reading magazines offers to young readers and how to introduce your children to the medium.
Magazine Benefits
Magazine articles can provide reluctant readers with a lively, breezy writing style that can inspire them to read more.
The articles in magazines are generally short, which allows a child to finish reading a feature article without losing interest due to a short attention span. The writing in magazines also tends to be easy to read, especially if it is a children's publication.
By allowing your child to read magazines at an early age, you are encouraging development of a useful skill. ___________(67)__________________. Getting into the habit of reading periodicals as a child will foster the habit of reading news articles that may continue into adulthood.
____________(68)________________. Magazine articles challenge students to think about issues they may have never considered or cause them to rethink their world view. Information is available in a wide variety of reading levels because magazines are written for every audience imaginable. Many publications cover the same material in different writing styles that might make it easier for your child to comprehend.
Magazine Activities
Reading magazines as a family can be used to introduce each other to the various interests that each family member possesses. When your children are finished with their magazines, encourage them to pass their issue on to a sibling or other family member.
Once each family member has finished reading each magazine, you can use them for art and writing projects. These projects are for family members of all ages:
Cut out pictures to help your preschool and kindergarten children learn their alphabet, numbers, and colors.
____________(69)_______________. Paste the picture at the top of a page and have them write a story about what is happening or what the picture represents.
Clip pictures to create a collage. Many teenagers love using their artistic talents to collage.
__________(70)_______________. The skills that students utilize and strengthen when reading magazines can be applied to higher level reading and other academic subjects. Encouraging your child to read by giving them a magazine subscription could cause them to take the leap from being a reluctant reader to a voracious page-turner.
The format of magazines enables children to be exposed to a wide variety of subjects. Magazines and newspapers provide adults with critical news. Being exposed to magazines and newspapers benefits you a lot. Keep interesting magazine pictures to give children story ideas. Magazines are valuable assets for many people, but in particular to children. F. Magazines and newspapers are expensive now but out of style.
IV.Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Becoming an attractive employee
The 2008 financial crisis created an unstable job market. Fast-forward to the present, and the economy has not fully recovered. Thus, it’s of vital importance for job seekers to carefully strategize their approach to job application. And it is especially important for those new to the workforce. They should look at making themselves as attractive as possible to employers.
For young people, information technology skills will play an increasing role in the future As the generation to have grown up in the Information Age, they are quite confident when it comes to showing off their interests and skills in this field. This makes them a natural fit for companies seeking expertise in technology, marketing, and networking. They should emphasize these skills when applying for jobs that require the ability to multitask.
Another attractive quality is experience. It is important that an applicant’s resume list any activities that involved teamwork and goal-driven responsibilities. Membership in a sports or social club and participation as a volunteer are good examples of this. These activities involve goal management and planning, along with the ability to focus while competing on a team. When hiring committees see this, they see a candidate who is capable of working in a variety of environments.
Finally, an attractive quality when job-hunting is a great attitude toward a potential job. Young job seekers are known to be overconfident because they have been praised for everything they have done. But they must realize that the employment market is about how an employee will be a good fit for a company, not the other way around. In fact, in an interview, an important question to ask is: “What would be expected of me as an employee ”
In today’s tough job market. young job seekers need to provide a potential employer with good reasons to hire them.
71.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets
1. 她们中谁可能当过排球教练？(may)
2. 我看见他换上徒步鞋，向草坪走去。(make for)
3. 妈妈将闹钟设为每六小时响一次，提醒自己该给宝宝量体温了。(reminder)
4. 在这个村落里，人们通常每餐只吃八分饱，但这种健康的饮食习惯最初是为了应对食物短缺的困境。(until)
VI.Guided Writing (共25分)
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese
假设你是明启中学高三学生卢平，你校英语报向全体高三学生征文，题目为"My teachers"，你有意投稿，撰写一篇文章，内容包括：
1. 对遇到过的老师进行分类
2. 具体描述每一类老师的特征
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