中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2019年6月全国普通高等学校招生统一考试
上海 英语试卷
Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）
Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Millions of Baby Olive Ridley Turtles Emerge in Orissa
Nature is full of wonders. In (21)__________ is one of the most breathtaking sights in nature, millions of baby Ridley turtles broke out of their eggshells under the sand at one of their mass nesting grounds in coastal Orissa. The baby turtles started their journey towards the Bay of Bengal (22) __________ __________ __________ they emerged from their nest in the southern district of Ganjam, about 175 km from Bhubaneshwar.
Orissa is the home three mass nesting sites of the Oliver turtles, a species (23) __________ (threaten) with extinction, and one of the sites, Gahirmatha, (24) __________ around 70 to 80 million turtles lay eggs on the beach every year, is considered one of the world’s largest nesting sites.
The female turtles drag (25) __________ up the beach from the sea, dig a nest, lay at least one hundred eggs, cover and conceal their eggs and nest, and then return to the sea. The females never visit the nest again to take care of the eggs that (26) __________ (deposit) in the warm sand.
The baby turtles emerge from the eggs after 45-60 days, then the babies grow without their mother, which is a rare phenomenon in nature. Interestingly, it is on the same beach where they were born (27) __________ the females lay their eggs.
In the recent years, sea erosion has led to many turtles' nest (28) __________ (damage) or destroyed. Also, some fierce animals such as dogs and birds (29) __________ (reduce) the number of nesting turtles. And of course man has also had a negative impact (30) __________ using engine powered fishing boats near the turtles' nesting grounds.
【答案】
21.what 22.as soon as ( the moment/instant/minute when or so/as long as ) 23.threatened
24.where 25.themselves 26.were deposited 27.that 28. being damaged 29.have reduced 30.by
【解析】
21.what
[解析]考查宾语从句。根据句意:“在大自然中最令人叹为观止的景象之一数百万的里德利小海龟在奥里萨邦沿海的一个大型筑巢地从沙子下的蛋壳里钻了出来。”由此句意和结构分析可知，此处从句缺主语且做介词 n 的宾语，故用 what 作兼语，其相当于 something that。
22.as soon as ( the moment/instant/minute when or so/as long as
[解析]考查状语从句。根据句意:“小海龟们一从南部的根贾姆的巢穴中出来就开始了他们前往孟加拉湾的旅程。根贾姆距离巴布内斯瓦尔大约 175 公里。由此句意和结构分析可知，此处缺少引导状语从句的引导词，可以用时间状语从句或者条件状语从句的引导词。故用as soon as或 the moment/instant/minute when或 so/as longas 都可以。
23.threatened
[解析]考查过去分词。根据句意:“奥里萨岛是奥利弗海龟的三个大规模筑巢地，这是一个濒临灭绝的物种，其中之一，盖赫马塔每年约有七千万到八千万只海龟在海滩上产卵，被认为是世界上最大的筑巢地之一。”由此句意和结构分析可知，此处动词与前后句都是句号隔开，因此这里是非谓语动词，用过去分词作后置定语修饰 species。
24.where
[解析]考查限制性定语从句。根据句意:“奥里萨岛是奥利弗海龟的三个大规模筑巢地，这是一个濒临灭绝的物种，其中之一，盖赫马塔每年约有七千万到八千万只海龟在海滩上产卵，被认为是世界上最大的筑巢地之一。”由此句意和结构分析可知,此处缺少一个引导定语从句的关系词,又因为先行词为 Gahirmatha表示一个地点，故用关系副词 where，相当于 in which=in the place
25.themselves
[解析] 考查复合不定代词。根据句意:“雌龟们把它们从海里拖到沙滩上，此处的主语和宾语指代同一个事物，指代罐龟，由此处用反身代词作宾语，故用themselves.
26.were deposited
[解析]考查一般过去时被动语态。根据句意:“那些已被沉淀在温暖的沙子里的卵。”由此句意和结构分析可知，此处用被动语态，又因为有 again 提示，可知发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态
27.that
[解析]考查强调句型。根据句意:“有趣的是，雌性产卵在它们出生的同一个海滩上，。”而且 It is+被强调部分+that+其他部分,此处考查强调句句型,故用 that
28.being damaged
[解析]考查 V-ing 作宾语。根据句意:“在最近几年，海洋侵蚀已经导致很多海龟的巢穴被破坏或毁灭”。being damaged 作lead to 短语中介to 的宾语，且该动名词有自己的逻辑主语 many turtles’nests，因此用动名词的被动。
29.have reduced
[解析]考查现在完成时。根据句意:“还有，诸如一些凶残的狗和鸟已经减少了龟巢的数量。”根据前句的谓语动词 has led 和此句中的 also 可以判定此句也是用现在完成时，强调动作的形成的结果。
30.by
[解析]考查介词。根据句意:“而且海龟巢穴附近，有动力的捕鱼船也带来了负面影响”。可知此处只表达一种方式，故用介词 by
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. counting B. determined C. distraction D. environmental E. focus F. moderate
G. naturally H. performing I. worsening J. comprehensively K. modified
Myopia, or short-sightedness, is a condition in which distant objects appear blurred (模糊的), but closer object can usually be seen in sharp focus. Its biological basis is an eye that, during childhood, has grown too long for its optical power. The focal plane for images of distant objects ends up in front of the retina, causing out-of-_____31_____ perception.
Myopia was once regarded as almost totally genetically _____32_____. But its prevalence (流行) has increased spectacularly in urban mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, Japan and South Korea, where 80-90% of those completing high school are now short-sighted. This is up from 20-30% only two generations ago. Since gene pools do not change that fast, these massive changes must be due to _____33_____ change. In 2005, we _____34_____ reviewed the research on myopia and found a correlation with education. (This was not a particularly novel insight; such a link was supposed as far back as Kepler in 1604.) We found locations with a high prevalence of myopia were all top performers in surveys of international educational outcomes.
Fortunately, not all high-_____35_____ locations, Australia among them, showed a high prevalence of myopia. This shows that high educational outcomes do not necessarily lead to myopia. We also hypothesized that all human population groups had a tendency to develop myopia under particular environmental conditions. Indeed, North America and Europe have seen growing rates of myopia, although they are still nowhere near as high as in East and Southeast Asia.
A common cutoff for high myopia is - 5 diopters (屈光度).This means vision is blurred beyond 20cm from the eyes. Such severe or high myopia increases with age and can lead to visual impairment that can’t be corrected. The prevalence of high myopia has now reached 20% in young adults in East and Southeast Asia, which foreshadows major increases in visual _____36_____ and blindness as these young adults age. So prevention of myopia has become crucial, particularly for East and Southeast Asia.
Australia has _____37_____ low levels of myopia with a lifestyle that emphasizes outdoors activities. Young children report spending two to three hours a day outside, not _____38_____ time outdoors at school. However, there are formidable barriers to achieving this benchmark in locations where spending time outdoors is seen as a(n) _____39_____ from study. Policy responses must therefore also aim to slow the progression of myopia, the phenomenon in which mild to _____40_____ myopia becomes more severe during childhood. There is currently controversy over whether time outdoors slows progression, but strong seasonal effects progression suggest that it may.
【答案】31—40 EBDJH IGACF
【解析】
E[解析]根据句子结构以及句意“引起不集中知觉”,此处应该增入名词 focus焦点，这样构成 out-of-focus 的形容词性短语修饰名词 perception。故选E。
B[解析]根据句子结构，此处用副词修饰动词的过去分词，句意:近视度几乎被认为是完全遗传是确定的。故此处填入 determined adj.决定的，故选B。
D[解析] 根据句子结构分析，此处为形容修饰名词，句意:这些巨大的里化一定是环境变化造成的。此处用形容词 environmental adj;环境的，故选D。
34;J【解析】根据句子结构分析，此处用副词修饰动词reviewed，句意:我们对近视眼的研究进行了全面的回顾，发现近视与教育相关。此处用副词comprehensively adv，全面的，故选J。
H[解析]根据句子结构可知，此处用形容词修饰后面的名词 locations，句意：并非所有表现优秀的地方，此处用形容词 performing adj.表现的，故选H36.1[解析]and 前后连接两个意思相近的词根据 and 后 blindnss 失明，可之前面空内填入 worsening，visual worsening 视力恶化，故选I。
37.G[解析]根据句子结构可知，此处用副词修饰形容词，句意:澳大利亚的近视率自然较低，而且他们的生活方式强调户外活动。此处用副词 naturally adv自然地，故选 G。
38.A[解析]根据句子结构分析，句意:“据报道，孩子们每天花两到三个小时在户外，这还不算在学校的时间。”可知此处用 counting 数，故选 A。
39.C[解析]根据句子结构，此处填入名词，句意: 然而，在那些把时间花在户外被视为分散注意力的研究领域，要达到这个基准，存在着巨大的障碍，故此处用名词 distraction n.分散，故选 C。
40.F[解析]根据句意:“因此，政策反应还必须着眼于减缓近视的发展，在儿童时期，轻度到中度近视变得更加严重的现象，”故此处填入 moderate adj，中度的，故选 F。
Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context
We're told that writing is dying. Typing on keyboards and screens _____41_____ written communication today. Learning cursive (草书), joined-up handwriting was once _____42_____ in schools. But now, not so much. Countries such as Finland have dropped joined-up handwriting lessons in schools___43___ typing courses. And in the U.S. , the requirement to learn cursive has been left out of core standards since 2013. A few U.S. states still place value on formative cursive education, such as Arizona, but they're not the _____44_____.
Some experts point out that writing lessons can have indirect _____45_____. Anne Trubek , author of The History and Uncertain Future of Handwriting, argues that such lessons can reinforce a skill called automaticity. That's when you've perfected a task, and can do it almost without thinking, _____46_____ you extra mental bandwidth to think about or do other things while you're doing the task. In this sense, Trubek likens handwriting to _____47_____.
“Once you have driven for a while, you don't _____48_____ think ‘Step on gas now’[or] ‘Turn the steering wheel a bit’,” she explains. “You just do it. That's what we want children to _____49_____ when learning to write. You and I don't think ‘now make a loop going up for the ‘1’’— or ‘now look for the letter ‘r' on the keyboard’.” Trubek has written many essays and books on handwriting, and she doesn't believe it will die out for a very long time, “if ever”. But she believes students are learning automaticity faster with keyboards than with handwriting: students are learning how to type without looking at the keys at _____50_____ ages, and to type faster than they could write, granting them extra time to think about word choice or sentence structure. In a piece penned (if you'll pardon the expression) for the New York Times last year, Trubek argued that due to the improved automaticity of keyboards, today's children may well become better communicators in text as _____51_____ takes up less of their education. This is a(n) _____52_____ that has attracted both criticism and support.
She explains that two of the most common arguments she hears from detractors regarding the decline of handwriting is that not _____53_____ it will result in a " loss of history " and a “loss of personal touch”.
On the former she _____54_____ that 95% of handwritten manuscripts can't be read by the average person anyway — "that's why we have paleographers, " she explains, paleography being the study of ancient styles of writing — while the latter refers to the warm _____55_____ we give to handwritten personal notes, such as thank-you cards. Some educators seem to agree, at least to an extent.
A. abandons B. dominates C. enters D. absorbs
A. compulsory B. opposite C. crucial D. relevant
A. in want of B. in case of C. in favour of D. in addition to
A. quantity B. minimum C. quality D. majority
A. responsibility B. benefits C. resources D. structure
A. granting B. getting C. bringing D. coming
A. sleeping B. driving C. reviewing D. operating
A. eventually B. constantly C. equivalently D. consciously
A. adopt B. reach C. acquire D. activate
A. slower B. later C. faster D. earlier
A. handwriting B. adding C. forming D. understanding
A. trust B. look C. view D. smile
A. containing B. spreading C. choosing D. protecting
A. commits B. counters C. completes D. composes
A. associations B. resources C. procedures D. interactions
【答案】 41-45. BACDB 46-50ABDCD 51-55 ACDBA
【解析】
B[解析] 根据句意可知“在键盘和屏幕上打字是当今书面交流的主要(dominates)方式，”abandons 放弃;enters 进入;absorbs.吸收，故选 B。
42.A[解析]根据句意及上下文理解可知“在学校里，学习草书和连写体字的情况曾经是强制性的(compulsory)，”opposite 相反的;crucial 必要的;relevant 相关的，故选 A。
43.C[解析]根据上下文理解，可推测此处句意为“像芬兰这样的国家已经放弃了学校里的合班手写课而选择支持 (in favour of)打字课程。”in want of 需要in case of如果是;in addition to 除此之外，故选 C。44.D[解析]根据上下文理解可知，此处的亚利桑那州并不是支持草书教育的大多数 (majority)， quantity 数量; minimum 最小限度;quality 质量，故选D.45.B[解析]根据上下文理解，可知此处句意为“一些专家指出，写作课有间接的奸处 (benefits)“responsibility 责任: resources 资源，structure 结构，故选B。
46.A[解析]根据上下文可知，此处主要描述上文所提到的书的优点，此句为“这时，你已经完成了一项任务，而且几乎可以不假思索地完成它，在你做务的同时，为你提供(granting)额外的思考或做其他事情的带宽”，getting 得到:bringing 带来;coming 来，故选A。
47.B[解析]根据上文，可知此处“在这个意义上，特鲁贝克把手写比作驾驶(driving)”，sleeping 睡眠;reviewing 审查;operating 操作，故选 B。48.D[解析]根据上下文理解，可是此处是在解释上文中将书写比作驾驶，我此处句意为，“一旦你开了一会儿车，你就不会有意识地(consciously) 认为现在踩油门’或者·把方向盘转一点’，”。eventually 最终地;constantly 经常的:equivalently 等价的，故选 D。
49.C[解析] 根据上下文理解以及句意“这就是我们希望孩子们在学习写作币学到(acquire) 的东西。”adopt 收养;reach 到达;activate 激活，故选 C。50.D[解析]根据上文可知，此处所指的是“学生们正在学习如何打字，而不需要在更早的(earlier) 年龄的时候看键。”slower 更慢的;late 更迟的，faster 更快的，故选 D。
51.A[解析]根据整篇文章可知，主要是关于手写的问题， 此处句意为“由于键盘的自动化程度提高，今天的孩子很可能会成为更好的文字交流者，因为手生(handwriting)对他们的教育越来越少了”，adding 加入: forming 形成:understanding 理解，故选A。
52.C[解析]根据句意可知“这一观点 (view)受到的批评和支持都存在。”trust信任;look看;smile 微笑，故选 C。
53.D[解析] 根据上下文指出，可知说的是关于诋毁者的意见，及不保护(protecting)书写会导致历史的丧失和个人的丧失，containing 包含;spreading传播;choosing选择，故选D。
54.B[解析]根据上下文理解可知，你说我句意为”在前一种情况下，她反驳(counters)道，至少有百分之九十五的手写手稿无法被普通人阅谈。“这就是为什么我们有古文字学家”commits 承诺:completes 完成:composes 作山，故选B。
55.A[解析] 根据下文可知，此处所指的是“给予个人手写笔记的温暖联想(associations)”， resources 资源: procedures 程序; interactions 相互作用，故选A。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
All I had to do for the two dollars was clean her house for a few hours after school. It was a beautiful house, too, with a plastic-covered sofa and chairs, wall-to-wall blue-and-white carpeting, a white enamel stove, a washing machine and a dryer — things that were common in her neighborhood, absent in mine. In the middle of the war, she had butter, sugar, steaks, and seam-up-the-back stockings.
I knew how to scrub floors on my knees and how to wash clothes in our zinc tub, but I had never seen a Hoover vacuum cleaner or an iron that wasn't heated by fire.
Part of my pride in working for her was earning money I could squander (浪费) : on movies, candy, paddleballs, jacks, ice-cream cones. But a larger part of my pride was based on the fact that I gave half my wages to my mother, which meant that some of my earnings were used for real things — an insurance-policy payment or what was owed to the milkman or the iceman. The pleasure of being necessary to my parents was profound. I was not like the children in folktales: burdensome mouths to feed, nuisances to be corrected, problems so severe that they were abandoned to the forest. I had a status that doing routine chores in my house did not provide — and it earned me a slow smile, an approving nod from an adult. Confirmations that I was adultlike, not childlike.
In those days, the forties, children were not just loved or liked; they were needed. They could earn money; they could care for children younger than themselves; they could work the farm, take care of the herd, run errands(差事), and much more. I suspect that children aren't needed in that way now. They are loved, doted on, protected, and helped. Fine, and yet...
Little by little, I got better at cleaning her house — good enough to be given more to do, much more. I was ordered to carry bookcases upstairs and, once, to move a piano from one side of a room to the other. I fell carrying the bookcases. And after pushing the piano my arms and legs hurt so badly. I wanted to refuse, or at least to complain, but I was afraid she would fire me, and I would lose the freedom the dollar gave me, as well as the standing I had at home — although both were slowly being eroded. She began to offer me her clothes, for a price. Impressed by these worn things, which looked simply gorgeous to a little girl who had only two dresses to wear to school, I bought a few. Until my mother asked me if I really wanted to work for castoffs. So I learned to say "No, thank you" to a faded sweater offered for a quarter of a week's pay.
Still, I had trouble summoning (鼓起) the courage to discuss or object to the increasing demands she made. And I knew that if I told my mother how unhappy I was she would tell me to quit. Then one day, alone in the kitchen with my father, I let drop a few whines about the job. I gave him details, examples of what troubled me, yet although he listened intently, I saw no sympathy in his eyes. No "Oh, you poor little thing. " Perhaps he understood that what I wanted was a solution to the job, not an escape from it. In any case, he put down his cup of coffee and said, “Listen. You don't live there. You live here. With your people. Go to work. Get your money. And come on home."
That was what he said. This was what I heard:
Whatever the work is, do it well — not for the boss but for yourself.
You make the job; it doesn't make you.
Your real life is with us, your family.
You are not the work you do; you are the person you are.
I have worked for all sorts of people since then, geniuses and morons, quick-witted and dull, big-hearted and narrow. I've had many kinds of jobs, but since that conversation with my father I have never considered the level of labor to be the measure of myself, and I have never placed the security of a job above the value of home.
What can we learn about the author is different from other children
A. She needs to be supported like others. B. She made a mistake and needed to be corrected.
C. She often does daily chores at home. D. She's too childish for comparison.
According to the article, which of the following is correct about children in the 1940s like the author
They just want to be popular, loved and liked.
B. They only take great pains to earn more money.
C. They can do all kinds of daily work, such as caring for children and so on.
D. They are no longer needed except for being spoiled by adults.
What did the author's father make her understand
Don't escape from difficulties at work.
B. Whatever decision she made, her father would support her.
Convey her dissatisfaction with her work.
D. Make a distinction between work and life.
Which of the following corresponds to the author's views on work
A. Don't regard work achievement as a criterion for evaluating oneself.
B. Hard work is a struggle for a better future in your limited life.
C. Work is to follow the footsteps of the boss.
D. Work safety should be more important than family value.
【答案】56-59. CCDA
【解析】
56.C解析]考查细节理解。根据文中第一段“The pleasure of being necessary to my parents was profound. I was not like the children in folktales...”可知作者的满足感更多的来自于她和不像其他民间故事里的孩子,她可以做一些杂货挣钱。故选 CA 选项主人公不是为了她的妈妈而挣钱。B 选项她自己的价值被需要、D 她享受在家庭中作为一个成年人的地位，属于干扰项，过度推测，不是作者快乐的真正原因。
57.B[解析]考查细节理解。由文中“In those days,the forties,children were not just loved or liked; they were needed, They could earn money...”“I suspect that children aren't needed in that way now. They are loved, doted on, protected, and helped. Fine and yet...”在那时候，四十年代，孩子不仅仅是被爱或喜欢的;他们是需要的他们可以挣钱...我想现在不需要孩子那样子做了，他们被爱、宠爱、保护和帮助.很好，但是...可知作者由自己引出整个四十年代的孩子的特点:他们被需要并且经常干一些杂活。表明他们具备很强的生活能力,现在的孩子则更多的是被宠爱引出对比，所以正确答案为 B。
58.D[解析]考查逻辑推理。根据第六段中“In any case, he put down his cup of coffee and said,“Listen. You don't live there. You live here.”父亲说，你不住在那里你住在这里可知，生活和工作要区分开来，且也符合主题，故选 D。
59.A[解析]考查细节理解。根据最后一段中，关于作者对工作的看法观点“but since that conversation with my father I have never considered the level of labor to be the measure of myself可知，受父亲的启发，作者不以工作作为评价和衡量自己的标准，故选 A。
(B)
Geographers are interested in the spatial patterns observed on earth. Bridging the natural and social science, Geography is the disciplinary study of environments and how people interact with the environment. It is important to study geography because many of the world's problems require understanding the interdependence between human activities and the environment. Geography is therefore a beneficial major for students because its theories and methods provide them with analytical skills relevant to occupations focused on solving social and environmental problems. The Department of Geography offers eight majors that help students tailor their focus of study.
The Geography—Globalization and Development major will provide students with a sophisticated understanding of contemporary global issues and a geographical framework for analyzing key issues involved in national and international development, especially as it relates to the global south. Reflecting the discipline of geography as a whole, this major emphasizes an integrated approach to studying the relationship of global change to individual and community well-being by combining the benefits of area studies with theoretical and topical investigations in the curriculum.
Our department is committed to excellence in both teaching and advising. Several of our faculty members have received teaching awards, and we are known across campus for the quality of our advising. As a geography major, you will meet one-on-one with your faculty advisor every semester during advising week, and you are always welcome to talk with your advisor at any time throughout the semester whenever questions may arise. In addition to advising our students about their academic programs, we provide timely information about internships, nationally competitive awards, and other opportunities as they arise. Many of our students complete internships and several of our students over the last few years have received nationally competitive awards.
For more information about our program, please visit our website, or contact our Undergraduate Chair, whose information is listed above.
Admissions Information
Freshmen/First-Year Admission
No requirements beyond University admission requirements.
Change of Program Policy
No selective or limited admission requirements.
External Transfer Admission
No requirements beyond University admission requirements.
Opportunities Upon Graduation students
With a liberal arts degree in Geography—Globalization and Development, students are prepared for employment in a variety of fields, including non-profit and government work, particularly in the areas of community and international development. This degree will also prepare students well to work in the private sector in an international context. Graduates from this program will also be well situated to continue on to graduate school or law school, with research and professional interest in academic fields, including, but not limited to, geography, public affairs and policy, development studies, and community and regional planning.
Browse through dozens of internship opportunities and full-time job postings for Ohio University students and alumni on Handshake, OHIO's key resource for researching jobs, employers, workshops, and professional development events.
Who can be selected as the target of the geography course in the passage
A freshman who has studied in a university.
B. A college student graduate majoring in geography.
C. A senior high school graduate interested in geography.
D. A high school graduate who wants to find a job.
61. What are the advantages of choosing the geography major in this university in terms of employment
A. Acquiring skills to solve social and environmental problems.
B. Understanding contemporary global issues.
C. Getting one — on — one information on geography teaching.
D. Achieving more international opportunities.
62. Where is the most likely place to read this passage
A. In a magazine. B. On the university website.
C. In a geographic journal. D. On the enrollment information network.
【答案】 60-62 CDB
【解析】
C[解析]考查逻辅推理。先全文把掘这是一篇地理学的招生信息介绍，然后根据文象中“Freshmen/First-Year Admission No requirements beyond University admission requirements”可知，对学生要求为“新生/第一年入学 除大学入学要求外没有其他要求。”经推理，最有可能是对地理学感兴趣的高中毕业生，故选C。
D[解析] 考查细节理解。根据文章中“With a liberal arts degree in Geography Globalization and Development, students are prepared for employment in a variety of fields, including non-profit and government work, particularly in the areas of community and international development”可知，学生就业......特别是在社区和国际发展领域，其余三项是在专业学习中的获得到的，故选 D。
62.B[解析]考查逻辑推理。根据文章中“For more information about our program.please view this video, visit our website, or contact our Undergraduate Chair, whose information is listed above.”可知，这篇文章最有可能出现在该校网站上，其余选项未被提到属于干扰项，故选 B。
(C)
Artificial light is often seen as a sign of progress: the march of civilization shines a light in the dark; it takes back the night; it illuminates. But a chorus of scientists and advocates argues that unnaturally bright nights are bad not just for astronomers but also for nocturnal (夜间活动的) animals and even for human health.
Now research shows the night is getting even brighter. From 2012 to 2016 the earth’s artificially lit area expanded by an estimated 2.2 percent a year (map), according to a study published last November in Science Advances. Even that increase may understate the problem, however. The measurement excludes light from most of the energy-efficient LED lamps that have been replacing sodium-vapor technology in cities all over the world, says lead study author Christopher Kyba, a postdoctoral researcher at the German Research Center for Geosciences in Potsdam.
The new data came from a NASA satellite instrument called the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). It can measure long --- wavelengths of light, such as those produced by traditional yellow-and-orange sodium-vapor street lamps. But VIIRS cannot see the short - wavelength blue light produced by white LEDs. This light has been shown to disrupt human sleep cycles and nocturnal animals’ behavior.
Credit: Mapping Specialists; Source: “Artificially Lit Surface of Earth at Night Increasing in Radiance and Extent,” by Christopher C. M. Kyba et al., in Science Advances, Vol. 3 , No. 11, Article No. E1701528; November 22 , 2017.
The team believes the ongoing switch to LEDs caused already bright countries such as Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and the U. S. to register as having stable levels of illumination in the VIERS data. In contrast, most nations in South America, Africa and Asia brightened, suggesting increases in the use of traditional lighting. Australia actually appeared to lose lit area—but the researchers say that is because wildfires skewed the data.
“The fact that VIIRS finds an increase (in many countries), despite its blindness in the part of the spectrum that increased more, is very sad,” says FabioFalchi, a researcher at Italy’s Light Pollution Science and Technology Institute, who did not participate in the study. In 2016 Falchi, along with Kyba and several other members of his research team, published a global atlas of artificial lighting that showed one third of the world’s population currently lives under skies too bright to see the Milky Way at night.
The data also cast doubt on the idea that the LED lighting revolution will lead to energy cost savings. Between 2012 and 2016 the median nation pumped out 15 percent more long-wavelength light as its GDP increased by 13 percent. And overall, countries’ total light production correlated with their GDP. In other words, Kyba says, “we buy as much light as we are willing to spend money on.”
Which is not true about the spread of lit areas
A. Lit area expanded by an estimated 2. 2 percent a year.
B. Artificial light is often seen as a sign of progress.
C. The increase in GDP is due to the increase in light.
D. It is bad for nocturnal animals and even for human health.
What is the function of VIIRS according to the article
A. It can taking pictures of the Earth to solve problems.
B. It can record and analyse long wavelengths of light.
C. It is a NASA satellite around the earth.
D. It can find the light that is bad for human sleep cycles.
According to the article, what we can know about the LEDs
A. Unnaturally LED lights are bad for people.
B. It is a sign of civilization in modern society.
C. VIIRS can see the light produced by white LEDs.
D. Artificially lit surface of Earth increasing because of LEDs.
66. The author writes this article to __________.
A. show the night is getting even brighter
B. tell people that VIIRS measure long wavelengths of light
C. complain that the Milky Way is not visible at night
D. attempt to arouse people’s awareness of light pollution
【答案】 63-66 CBAD
【解析】
63.C[解析]考查细节理解。定位到原文中 Between 2012 and 2016 the median nation pumped out 15 percent more long-wavelength light as its GDP increased by 13percent, And overall, countries' total light production correlated with their GDP.2012年至 2016 年期间，随着国内生产总值(GDP) 增长 13%，中值国家的长波光输出量增加了 15%。总的来说，各国的光生产总量与其国内生产总值相关。可知光的生产总量与 GDP 有关，但不是选项中的因果关系，故选 C。
64.B[解析]考查细节理解。根据文中“But VIIRS cannot see the short-wavelength blue light produced by white LEDs, This light has been shown to disrupt human sleep cycles and nocturnal animals' behavior”但 VIIRS 无法看到白色LED产生的短波蓝光。这种光已经被证明扰乱了人类的睡眠周期和夜间活动的动物的行为。可知B正确。其他选项表述错误。
65.[解析]考查细节理解。根据文中第一段“But a chorus of scientists...are bad not just for.even for human health”可知夜间非自然 LED灯光会对人的身体健康产生危害，故选 A。
66.D[解析]考查主旨概括。全文都在讨论全球照明水平的提高可能威胁动物生态和人类健康。由文中 The data also cast doubt on the idea that the LED lighting revolution will lend to energy cost savings.这些数据也使人们对 LED 照明革命导致能源成本节约的想法产生了怀疑。也可知作者是对照明革命保持怀疑态度的。故选 D。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A. I means that different team is accessible to you.
B. Belonging to your favorite team stimulates your confidence.
C. That identity is first and foremost.
D. The more we follow a team, the deeper the bond becomes.
E. In that sense, your favorite team can serve the same purpose as church and family: Fostering a sense of belonging.
F. This refers to the inclination by fans to distance themselves from their team after a defeat.
“Our research has shown that the No. 1 reason people become fans is that it’s your connection to your first community,” said Adam Earnhardt, chairman of the communications department at Youngstown State University and co-author of “Sports Fans, Identity and Socialization: Exploring the Fandemonium.” “I don’t care if a Seattle fan moves to China, he or she carries with them their love for the sports teams,” he said. “___ (67) ___”
___ (68) ___And when a team begins to catch fire, as with, say, the Mariners in ’ 95 or the Seahawks of recent vintage, well, it’s easy to get swept up in the wave.
“It’s phenomenal,” said Simons. “We have this ability to understand other people so remarkably that their victories literally become ours. Our testosterone (睾酮) literally responds to their victory. ___ (69) ___ They’re us, and competing on a literal level as us—a little extension of us. ”
Professor Robert Cialdini at Arizona State University came up with the term BIRG—Basking In Reflected Glory—to describe the intense pride fans feel when their teams succeed. It can be used as averb, as in, “Seahawks’ fans are currently BIRGing up a storm.” The counterpoint, as coined by researches C. R. Snyder, Mar Anne Lassergard and Carol E. Ford, is the concept of CORFing—Cutting Off Reflected Failure. ___ (70) ___We’ve all heard it in action: We won, but they lost.
This leads into another concept, that of cognitive bias, also known as confirmation bias, which causes fans to help explain away defeats by blaming outside factors, such as referees. I’m sure it would also help explain why Seahawks fans rallied around Richard Sherman after his postgame interview, rationalizing behavior that was widely criticized by many fans with no vested interest. I could also explain the notion of “eustress”, invented by endocrinologist Hans Selye to refer to a combination of euphoria (极度愉快的心情) and stress, such as that resulting from watching tense sporting events. Indeed, it’s much of the appeal.
【答案】 67-70 CEDF
【解析】
67.C[解析]句意:这个身份是最重要的。根据该段上文文意可知，主要讲述了人们成为头号粉丝的原因，而最后一句说的是:他或她都带着对运动队的热爱据推测可知，故选 C。
68.E[解析]句意:从这个意义上说，你最喜欢的团队可以达到和教会和家庭-样的目的:培养一种归属感。根据文章可知，该句为该段的中心句，结合下文文意可知，主要讲述的就是，你喜欢的团队可以给你培养一种归属感，故选 E。
69.D[解析]句意:我们越是跟随一个团队，这种联系就越深。根据上下文两句的意思可以推测“我们为他们而激动，他们和我们具有联系，故选 D。
70.F[解析]句意:这是指球迷在输后倾向于与球队保持距离。根据上文可知，主要讲述了，球迷在球队赢或者输后的反应，结合下文解释可知，此处选 F。
IV.Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
It's undeniable: Being among the first to try out a new piece of technology is cool. There's the excitement of doing what has never been done before—the feeling that you're living in the future. And when you're the sole member of your social circle with the latest hot gadget, people stare in fascination. They ask you questions. They see you as the holder of powerful, secret knowledge—for a little while, until the next big thing comes along. People tend to underestimate the costs of this temporary coolness, which they pay in more ways than one. Don't fall into the early adopter trap. Don't join the first wave of consumers who invest in the latest media-hyped hardware; instead, wait and see.
To put it frankly, early adoption is a bad investment. First, the earliest versions of devices are not only expensive, they are also the most expensive that those devices will ever panies are presumably attempting to recover the cost of production as fast as they can, and they know that there are serious tech-lovers who will pay a great deal to be first. Once the revenues from early adopters' purchases are safely in their hands, they can cut the price and shift to the next marketing phase: selling the product to everyone else. This is why the cost of the original iPhone dropped about U. S. $200 only eight months after its release. Plus, electronics hardly ever become more expensive because intense competition in the industry puts downward pressure on prices over time. Prices of gadgets will fall shortly after release, and they will likely keep falling. Many new TV models drop significantly in price as little as ten days after hitting the market. Further, electronics rapidly depreciate because they become obsolete (废弃的) so quickly. This means that early adopters pay the maximum price for an item that does not hold onto its value. The resale price of a cell phone or laptop can drop by fifty percent within just a few months.
Speaking of becoming obsolete, those who are first to leap into a new technology risk wasting money and time on something that will never catch on. Another good reason to resist the early-adoption temptation is that the first version of a product typically has defects that cost a lot in time and frustration. Such problems are so common with new technology that early adopters are basically unpaid beta testers and troubleshooters. Unless this sounds to you like a fun way to spend your time, don’t be among the first users. If you wait to learn what the problems are with a new electronic gadget, you can look forward to a smoother experience—or choose a less troublesome product.
71.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
Don’t be the first users of the latest electronic devices. The reasons are as following: firstly, the earliest versions of devices are often expensive because companies want to get back the cost quickly. Secondly, electronics will be out of date rapidly. Thirdly, the first version of a product is with some defects generally is likely imperfect. Therefore, don’t be the first to try out the new products/early adopters.
V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets
72.爷爷有点耳背，对他耐心一点。(patient)
72. Grandpa is sort of deaf,so/ and be more patient with him.
73.和学生时代的他相比，那名士兵简直判若两人。(How)
73. How different a person the soldier now is from what he was at school!
74.随着体力逐渐恢复正常，那名业余自行车手的夺冠之梦不再遥不可及。(normal)
74. As his physical strength returns to normal, the amateur cyclist’s dream of winning championship will no longer be beyond reach.
75.值得一提的是，在王老师影响下，她的同事们更关注孩子们的努力，而不是他们的成绩。(as…as…)
75. It's worth mentioning that under the influence of Mrs ( Mr) Wang, her colleagues don’t concern as more achievements as their efforts. (or What is worth mentioning is that under Mrs. (Mr.) Wang's influence her colleagues lay not as much emphasis on their kids’ performance as on their effort.)
VI.Guided Writing (共25分)
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese
假如你是李敏，在一本英文旅游杂志上，你发现了这样一条信息：某古城景区对当地人收费5美元，对外国人收费15美元，针对这一情况，请你以李敏的口吻给该杂志编辑写一封信，具体要求如下：
介绍一下你在杂志上看到的内容；
针对此事自己的态度以及理由。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Dear Editor,
As an honest reader of your travel magazine, I'd express my opinion that the ticket prices of the ancient city for domestic tourists at 5 dollars while 15 dollars for overseas guests. I strongly advocate the equal fare and my reasons are as follows.
Firstly, it can attract more tourists and dominate the opening-up domestic traveling market. More and more overseas tourists are willing to visit the ancient city, which brings more consumption and jobs. In turn, the ancient city can be protected well. Another, more and more researchers will have more money deeply-exploring the history of the ancient city and display the old days with new technology. Therefore,we can appreciate the past beautiful scenery of the ancient city.
Based on what I state above, the fair price will benefit more tourists and tourisms. Not only it attracts more tourists but also displays its beautiful scenery. What matters most is that it has a comprehensive influence on our present days and constructs new relationship between humans and the environment of ancient city.
I will highly appreciate it if you can reply to me as soon as possible!
Your faithfully,
Li Min
参考答案：
I. Listening Comprehension(共25分.1~10每题1分；11~20每题1.5分
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (共20分.每小题1分.)
21.what 22.as soon as ( the moment/instant/minute when or so/as long as ) 23.threatened
24.where 25.themselves 26.were deposited 27.that 28. being damaged 29.have reduced 30.by
31—40 EBDJH IGACF
Ⅲ.Reading Comprehension（共45分。41~55每题1分；56~70每题2分。）
Section A 41-45. BACDB 46-50ABDCD 51-55 ACDBA
Section B 56-59. CCDA 60-62 CDB 63-66 CBAD
Section C 67-70 CEDF
IV. Summary
Don’t be the first users of the latest electronic devices. The reasons are as following: firstly, the earliest versions of devices are often expensive because companies want to get back the cost quickly. Secondly, electronics will be out of date rapidly. Thirdly, the first version of a product is with some defects generally is likely imperfect. Therefore, don’t be the first to try out the new products/early adopters.
V. Translation (共15分.第1小题和第2小题，每题3分；第3题4分；第4题5分.)
72. Grandpa is sort of deaf,so/ and be more patient with him.
73. How different a person the soldier now is from what he was at school!
74. As his physical strength returns to normal, the amateur cyclist’s dream of winning championship will no longer be beyond reach.
75. It's worth mentioning that under the influence of Mrs ( Mr) Wang, her colleagues don’t concern as more achievements as their efforts. (or What is worth mentioning is that under Mrs. (Mr.) Wang's influence her colleagues lay not as much emphasis on their kids’ performance as on their effort.)
V. Guided Writing(共25分）
Dear Editor,
As an honest reader of your travel magazine, I'd express my opinion that the ticket prices of the ancient city for domestic tourists at 5 dollars while 15 dollars for overseas guests. I strongly advocate the equal fare and my reasons are as follows.
Firstly, it can attract more tourists and dominate the opening-up domestic traveling market. More and more overseas tourists are willing to visit the ancient city, which brings more consumption and jobs. In turn, the ancient city can be protected well. Another, more and more researchers will have more money deeply-exploring the history of the ancient city and display the old days with new technology. Therefore,we can appreciate the past beautiful scenery of the ancient city.
Based on what I state above, the fair price will benefit more tourists and tourisms. Not only it attracts more tourists but also displays its beautiful scenery. What matters most is that it has a comprehensive influence on our present days and constructs new relationship between humans and the environment of ancient city.
I will highly appreciate it if you can reply to me as soon as possible!
Your faithfully,
Li Min
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2019年6月全国普通高等学校招生统一考试
上海 英语试卷
Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. A new bookstore. B. A new road.
C. Good novels. D. The past history.
2. A. He is a doctor of surgery.
B. He was hurt yesterday because of an accident.
C. He injured his back yesterday just by sneezing.
D. He wants to look for a job at hospital.
3. A. Excited. B. Serious. C. Impatient. D. Disappointed.
4. A .Xi’an. B. Chengdu C. At home. D. In the company.
5. A. She lives a healthy life now. B. He has a habit of drinking orange juice.
C. He is too careful about his diet. D. He is used to taking regular exercise.
6. A. Sun. B. Water. C. Fertilizer. D. Soil.
7. A. Some courses on reading. B. Some courses on writing.
C. The habit of keeping a diary. D. Her potential talent.
8. A. She is too busy to take exercises. B. She doesn’t have enough money.
C. It's unnecessary for her to take some lessons. D. She has never planned to play tennis.
9. A. The park is far away from their home.
B. He hates to walk to the park.
C. He wants to drive his car to another park.
D. It will be faster for them to drive to the park rather than walk.
10. A. He is adding and reading the numbers. B. He is checking the financial report.
C. He is rewriting the number. D. He is trying to make the budget limited.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation. The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. When they go forth into an area that they are unfamiliar with.
B. When they are qualified to bring the story back.
C. When they start an urgent project.
D. When they have never written the same subject.
12. A. Because he is a baseball fan all his life.
B. Because he has interviewed a professional athlete.
C. Because they are moved by the speaker’s sincerity.
D. Because the speaker has done some sports reporting before.
13. A. Broaden the story with their own strength.
B. Grow up happily and luckily.
C. Get some unexpected results.
D. Become a productive writer.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. Creativity is production of something original and useful.
B. Creativity happens on the right side of the brain.
C. Creativity is related to the freedom from concrete facts.
D. Everyone has his special creativity.
15. A. By focusing on obvious facts and familiar solutions to see if the answer lies there.
B. By scanning remote memories that could be vaguely relevant.
C. By focusing our attention to search for a wide range of distant information.
D. By cutting off the connection it may have with the problem before it escapes.
16. A. The common sense about the production of creativity.
B. The both sides of the brain working together to creativity.
C. A sense of pleasure produced by the creativity.
D. How difficult that we come up with a new single idea.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation
17. A. Their plan for the summer vacation. B. The woman’s new job.
C. Peter’s experience of volunteer. D. The spirit of activities.
18. A. Supervising a volunteer program in a non-profit art gallery.
B. Cleaning up the gallery every weekend.
C. Donating cash and other things.
D. Offering some part- time jobs to the young.
19. A. Taking part in activities that are respected.
B. Taking part in activities that are creative.
C. Taking part in activities you show enthusiasm for.
D. Taking part in activities you're responsible for.
20. A. Fund B. Persistence C. Acknowledgement. D. Respect
【听力答案】
1-5 ACCBA 6-10 CCADA 11-15 ACABA 16-20 BCACB
听力文字稿
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. M. Is there a new bookstore on Fuzhou road
W: Yes, it's got very good novels of the 20th century
Q: What are the speakers mainly talking about
2. W: Mike, are you OK
M: I injured my back yesterday just by sneezing. My doctor said I need surgery.
Q: What can be learned about the man
3. M: Which team are you going to support
W: You're not going to talk about football again, are you That’s it.
Q: How does the woman feel about discussing football
4. M: Mary is not in the company. Has she returned from Xi’an yet
W: Yes. But before she went to Chengdu yesterday, she had been home for only one day.
Q: Where is Mary Now
5. M: What Steven is drinking orange juice.
W. You can’t believe it. Now, he's careful about what he eats and takes regular exercise.
Q: What does the woman imply about Steven
6. M: I’ve moved the flower into the garden and watered it every day. How come it is still not doing well
W: Well, why not add some fertilizer Maybe that 'll help.
Q: According to the woman, what may the flower need
7. M: Wow, you won the first prize in the writing contest. You haven’t taken any courses on reading and writing.
W: But I've been keeping a diary since childhood.
Q: According to the woman, what helped her win the contest
8. M: You like tennis so much. Why not take some lessons They start next week.
W: How am I going to fit that into my crowded schedule
Q: What does the woman mean
9. W: Walk to the park You must be kidding! It takes only five minutes to drive there.
M: If I had remembered to charge my car.
Q: What can be learned about the man
10. W: You’ve been dealing with that budget report for nearly an hour. Anything wrong
M: I keep adding and reading the numbers, but they just don’t balance.
Q: What is the man doing
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the question will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage
It's common for you, nonfiction writers, to go forth into an area you know little about. You may worry that you are not qualified to bring the story back. I feel that anxiety every time I start a new project. I felt it when I went to Bradenton to write my baseball book Spring training. Although I’ve been a baseball fan all my life, I had never done any sports reporting, never interviewed a professional athlete. Any of the man I approached with a notebook could have asked. What else have you written about baseball But nobody did.
They didn’t ask, because I was sincere. It was obvious to those man that I really wanted to know how they did their work. Remember this when you enter a new area and need a shot of confidence, what matters is how you do it. Also remember that your assignment may not be as narrow as you think. Often it will turn out to touch some unexpected corner of your experience or your education, enabling you to broaden the story with strength of your own. Every such production of the unfamiliar will reduce your fear.
Questions
11. According to the speaker, when may non-fiction writers feel worried
12. Why didn’t nobody in Bradenton care about what the speaker had written before
13. According to the speaker how does non-fiction writers' experience or education benefit them
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
The accepted definition of creativity is production of something original and useful, and it is commonly thought that creativity occurs on the right side of the brain, and the arts play an important role in enhancing it. But according to a new research, creativity isn’t about freedom from concrete facts.
Rather, fact-finding is vital in the creative process. It's the result of both sides of your brain working together. To understand this, we need to take a look at what leads to creativity. When you try to solve a problem, you begin by concentrating on obvious facts and familiar solutions to see if the answer lies there. This is done mostly by the left side. However, if the answer doesn't come, the right and left sides of the brain activate together. The right-side scans remote memories that could be vaguely relevant.
A wide range of distant information that is normally ignored becomes available to the left side. Then the left side catches whatever connection it may have with the problem, and quickly locks in on it before it escapes. With extremely focused attention, the brain quickly pulls together these pieces of thought and combines them into a new single idea, as the brain recognizes the originality of what it has come up with. A sense of pleasure will arise.
Questions
14. What do people commonly think of creativity
15. According to the passage, how does the left side of the brain contribute to creative process
16. What is the passage mainly about
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation
W: Hello, Peter. I heard you worked in a remote village last month.
M: Yes, as a volunteer teaching in a primary school in southeastern China.
W: A good choice for the summer vacation.
M: For me, it's not only a choice, but a responsibility.
W: You’re right. What can a volunteer generally do
M: Many things, like creating a change in the surroundings, providing shelter and food to the needy ones.
W: So you mean volunteering is not just donating cash or things
M: Right! We prefer to call that charity
W: How did you come up with the idea of volunteering
M: It was my father. He used to supervise a volunteer program in a non-profit art gallery.
W: Was it a full-time job for him
M: No, in fact, a part-time job. He went to the gallery nearly every weekend.
W: Wow. This requires great passion.
M: Sure. The best way to volunteer is to get involved in activities we are passionate about.
W: Have you had any difficulties as a volunteer
M: Definitely Lack of respect, acknowledgement, and lack of funds now and then.
W: Oh, my! Many obstacles!
M: So the most important spirit is perseverance.
W: I’d like to join you someday.
M: Any time.
Question:
17. What are the two speakers mainly talking about
18. What volunteer service did the man’s father do
19. What does the man think is the best way to volunteer
20. According to the man, which of the following is the most important for a volunteer
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2019年6月全国普通高等学校招生统一考试
上海 英语试卷
Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）
Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Millions of Baby Olive Ridley Turtles Emerge in Orissa
Nature is full of wonders. In (21)__________ is one of the most breathtaking sights in nature, millions of baby Ridley turtles broke out of their eggshells under the sand at one of their mass nesting grounds in coastal Orissa. The baby turtles started their journey towards the Bay of Bengal (22) __________ __________ __________ they emerged from their nest in the southern district of Ganjam, about 175 km from Bhubaneshwar.
Orissa is the home three mass nesting sites of the Oliver turtles, a species (23) __________ (threaten) with extinction, and one of the sites, Gahirmatha, (24) __________ around 70 to 80 million turtles lay eggs on the beach every year, is considered one of the world’s largest nesting sites.
The female turtles drag (25) __________ up the beach from the sea, dig a nest, lay at least one hundred eggs, cover and conceal their eggs and nest, and then return to the sea. The females never visit the nest again to take care of the eggs that (26) __________ (deposit) in the warm sand.
The baby turtles emerge from the eggs after 45-60 days, then the babies grow without their mother, which is a rare phenomenon in nature. Interestingly, it is on the same beach where they were born (27) __________ the females lay their eggs.
In the recent years, sea erosion has led to many turtles' nest (28) __________ (damage) or destroyed. Also, some fierce animals such as dogs and birds (29) __________ (reduce) the number of nesting turtles. And of course man has also had a negative impact (30) __________ using engine powered fishing boats near the turtles' nesting grounds.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. counting B. determined C. distraction D. environmental E. focus F. moderate
G. naturally H. performing I. worsening J. comprehensively K. modified
Myopia, or short-sightedness, is a condition in which distant objects appear blurred (模糊的), but closer object can usually be seen in sharp focus. Its biological basis is an eye that, during childhood, has grown too long for its optical power. The focal plane for images of distant objects ends up in front of the retina, causing out-of-_____31_____ perception.
Myopia was once regarded as almost totally genetically _____32_____. But its prevalence (流行) has increased spectacularly in urban mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, Japan and South Korea, where 80-90% of those completing high school are now short-sighted. This is up from 20-30% only two generations ago. Since gene pools do not change that fast, these massive changes must be due to _____33_____ change. In 2005, we _____34_____ reviewed the research on myopia and found a correlation with education. (This was not a particularly novel insight; such a link was supposed as far back as Kepler in 1604.) We found locations with a high prevalence of myopia were all top performers in surveys of international educational outcomes.
Fortunately, not all high-_____35_____ locations, Australia among them, showed a high prevalence of myopia. This shows that high educational outcomes do not necessarily lead to myopia. We also hypothesized that all human population groups had a tendency to develop myopia under particular environmental conditions. Indeed, North America and Europe have seen growing rates of myopia, although they are still nowhere near as high as in East and Southeast Asia.
A common cutoff for high myopia is - 5 diopters (屈光度).This means vision is blurred beyond 20cm from the eyes. Such severe or high myopia increases with age and can lead to visual impairment that can’t be corrected. The prevalence of high myopia has now reached 20% in young adults in East and Southeast Asia, which foreshadows major increases in visual _____36_____ and blindness as these young adults age. So prevention of myopia has become crucial, particularly for East and Southeast Asia.
Australia has _____37_____ low levels of myopia with a lifestyle that emphasizes outdoors activities. Young children report spending two to three hours a day outside, not _____38_____ time outdoors at school. However, there are formidable barriers to achieving this benchmark in locations where spending time outdoors is seen as a(n) _____39_____ from study. Policy responses must therefore also aim to slow the progression of myopia, the phenomenon in which mild to _____40_____ myopia becomes more severe during childhood. There is currently controversy over whether time outdoors slows progression, but strong seasonal effects progression suggest that it may.
Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context
We're told that writing is dying. Typing on keyboards and screens _____41_____ written communication today. Learning cursive (草书), joined-up handwriting was once _____42_____ in schools. But now, not so much. Countries such as Finland have dropped joined-up handwriting lessons in schools___43___ typing courses. And in the U.S. , the requirement to learn cursive has been left out of core standards since 2013. A few U.S. states still place value on formative cursive education, such as Arizona, but they're not the _____44_____.
Some experts point out that writing lessons can have indirect _____45_____. Anne Trubek , author of The History and Uncertain Future of Handwriting, argues that such lessons can reinforce a skill called automaticity. That's when you've perfected a task, and can do it almost without thinking, _____46_____ you extra mental bandwidth to think about or do other things while you're doing the task. In this sense, Trubek likens handwriting to _____47_____.
“Once you have driven for a while, you don't _____48_____ think ‘Step on gas now’[or] ‘Turn the steering wheel a bit’,” she explains. “You just do it. That's what we want children to _____49_____ when learning to write. You and I don't think ‘now make a loop going up for the ‘1’’— or ‘now look for the letter ‘r' on the keyboard’.” Trubek has written many essays and books on handwriting, and she doesn't believe it will die out for a very long time, “if ever”. But she believes students are learning automaticity faster with keyboards than with handwriting: students are learning how to type without looking at the keys at _____50_____ ages, and to type faster than they could write, granting them extra time to think about word choice or sentence structure. In a piece penned (if you'll pardon the expression) for the New York Times last year, Trubek argued that due to the improved automaticity of keyboards, today's children may well become better communicators in text as _____51_____ takes up less of their education. This is a(n) _____52_____ that has attracted both criticism and support.
She explains that two of the most common arguments she hears from detractors regarding the decline of handwriting is that not _____53_____ it will result in a " loss of history " and a “loss of personal touch”.
On the former she _____54_____ that 95% of handwritten manuscripts can't be read by the average person anyway — "that's why we have paleographers, " she explains, paleography being the study of ancient styles of writing — while the latter refers to the warm _____55_____ we give to handwritten personal notes, such as thank-you cards. Some educators seem to agree, at least to an extent.
A. abandons B. dominates C. enters D. absorbs
A. compulsory B. opposite C. crucial D. relevant
A. in want of B. in case of C. in favour of D. in addition to
A. quantity B. minimum C. quality D. majority
A. responsibility B. benefits C. resources D. structure
A. granting B. getting C. bringing D. coming
A. sleeping B. driving C. reviewing D. operating
A. eventually B. constantly C. equivalently D. consciously
A. adopt B. reach C. acquire D. activate
A. slower B. later C. faster D. earlier
A. handwriting B. adding C. forming D. understanding
A. trust B. look C. view D. smile
A. containing B. spreading C. choosing D. protecting
A. commits B. counters C. completes D. composes
A. associations B. resources C. procedures D. interactions
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
All I had to do for the two dollars was clean her house for a few hours after school. It was a beautiful house, too, with a plastic-covered sofa and chairs, wall-to-wall blue-and-white carpeting, a white enamel stove, a washing machine and a dryer — things that were common in her neighborhood, absent in mine. In the middle of the war, she had butter, sugar, steaks, and seam-up-the-back stockings.
I knew how to scrub floors on my knees and how to wash clothes in our zinc tub, but I had never seen a Hoover vacuum cleaner or an iron that wasn't heated by fire.
Part of my pride in working for her was earning money I could squander (浪费) : on movies, candy, paddleballs, jacks, ice-cream cones. But a larger part of my pride was based on the fact that I gave half my wages to my mother, which meant that some of my earnings were used for real things — an insurance-policy payment or what was owed to the milkman or the iceman. The pleasure of being necessary to my parents was profound. I was not like the children in folktales: burdensome mouths to feed, nuisances to be corrected, problems so severe that they were abandoned to the forest. I had a status that doing routine chores in my house did not provide — and it earned me a slow smile, an approving nod from an adult. Confirmations that I was adultlike, not childlike.
In those days, the forties, children were not just loved or liked; they were needed. They could earn money; they could care for children younger than themselves; they could work the farm, take care of the herd, run errands(差事), and much more. I suspect that children aren't needed in that way now. They are loved, doted on, protected, and helped. Fine, and yet...
Little by little, I got better at cleaning her house — good enough to be given more to do, much more. I was ordered to carry bookcases upstairs and, once, to move a piano from one side of a room to the other. I fell carrying the bookcases. And after pushing the piano my arms and legs hurt so badly. I wanted to refuse, or at least to complain, but I was afraid she would fire me, and I would lose the freedom the dollar gave me, as well as the standing I had at home — although both were slowly being eroded. She began to offer me her clothes, for a price. Impressed by these worn things, which looked simply gorgeous to a little girl who had only two dresses to wear to school, I bought a few. Until my mother asked me if I really wanted to work for castoffs. So I learned to say "No, thank you" to a faded sweater offered for a quarter of a week's pay.
Still, I had trouble summoning (鼓起) the courage to discuss or object to the increasing demands she made. And I knew that if I told my mother how unhappy I was she would tell me to quit. Then one day, alone in the kitchen with my father, I let drop a few whines about the job. I gave him details, examples of what troubled me, yet although he listened intently, I saw no sympathy in his eyes. No "Oh, you poor little thing. " Perhaps he understood that what I wanted was a solution to the job, not an escape from it. In any case, he put down his cup of coffee and said, “Listen. You don't live there. You live here. With your people. Go to work. Get your money. And come on home."
That was what he said. This was what I heard:
Whatever the work is, do it well — not for the boss but for yourself.
You make the job; it doesn't make you.
Your real life is with us, your family.
You are not the work you do; you are the person you are.
I have worked for all sorts of people since then, geniuses and morons, quick-witted and dull, big-hearted and narrow. I've had many kinds of jobs, but since that conversation with my father I have never considered the level of labor to be the measure of myself, and I have never placed the security of a job above the value of home.
What can we learn about the author is different from other children
A. She needs to be supported like others. B. She made a mistake and needed to be corrected.
C. She often does daily chores at home. D. She's too childish for comparison.
According to the article, which of the following is correct about children in the 1940s like the author
They just want to be popular, loved and liked.
B. They only take great pains to earn more money.
C. They can do all kinds of daily work, such as caring for children and so on.
D. They are no longer needed except for being spoiled by adults.
What did the author's father make her understand
Don't escape from difficulties at work.
B. Whatever decision she made, her father would support her.
Convey her dissatisfaction with her work.
D. Make a distinction between work and life.
Which of the following corresponds to the author's views on work
A. Don't regard work achievement as a criterion for evaluating oneself.
B. Hard work is a struggle for a better future in your limited life.
C. Work is to follow the footsteps of the boss.
D. Work safety should be more important than family value.
(B)
Geographers are interested in the spatial patterns observed on earth. Bridging the natural and social science, Geography is the disciplinary study of environments and how people interact with the environment. It is important to study geography because many of the world's problems require understanding the interdependence between human activities and the environment. Geography is therefore a beneficial major for students because its theories and methods provide them with analytical skills relevant to occupations focused on solving social and environmental problems. The Department of Geography offers eight majors that help students tailor their focus of study.
The Geography—Globalization and Development major will provide students with a sophisticated understanding of contemporary global issues and a geographical framework for analyzing key issues involved in national and international development, especially as it relates to the global south. Reflecting the discipline of geography as a whole, this major emphasizes an integrated approach to studying the relationship of global change to individual and community well-being by combining the benefits of area studies with theoretical and topical investigations in the curriculum.
Our department is committed to excellence in both teaching and advising. Several of our faculty members have received teaching awards, and we are known across campus for the quality of our advising. As a geography major, you will meet one-on-one with your faculty advisor every semester during advising week, and you are always welcome to talk with your advisor at any time throughout the semester whenever questions may arise. In addition to advising our students about their academic programs, we provide timely information about internships, nationally competitive awards, and other opportunities as they arise. Many of our students complete internships and several of our students over the last few years have received nationally competitive awards.
For more information about our program, please visit our website, or contact our Undergraduate Chair, whose information is listed above.
Admissions Information
Freshmen/First-Year Admission
No requirements beyond University admission requirements.
Change of Program Policy
No selective or limited admission requirements.
External Transfer Admission
No requirements beyond University admission requirements.
Opportunities Upon Graduation students
With a liberal arts degree in Geography—Globalization and Development, students are prepared for employment in a variety of fields, including non-profit and government work, particularly in the areas of community and international development. This degree will also prepare students well to work in the private sector in an international context. Graduates from this program will also be well situated to continue on to graduate school or law school, with research and professional interest in academic fields, including, but not limited to, geography, public affairs and policy, development studies, and community and regional planning.
Browse through dozens of internship opportunities and full-time job postings for Ohio University students and alumni on Handshake, OHIO's key resource for researching jobs, employers, workshops, and professional development events.
Who can be selected as the target of the geography course in the passage
A freshman who has studied in a university.
B. A college student graduate majoring in geography.
C. A senior high school graduate interested in geography.
D. A high school graduate who wants to find a job.
61. What are the advantages of choosing the geography major in this university in terms of employment
A. Acquiring skills to solve social and environmental problems.
B. Understanding contemporary global issues.
C. Getting one — on — one information on geography teaching.
D. Achieving more international opportunities.
62. Where is the most likely place to read this passage
A. In a magazine. B. On the university website.
C. In a geographic journal. D. On the enrollment information network.
(C)
Artificial light is often seen as a sign of progress: the march of civilization shines a light in the dark; it takes back the night; it illuminates. But a chorus of scientists and advocates argues that unnaturally bright nights are bad not just for astronomers but also for nocturnal (夜间活动的) animals and even for human health.
Now research shows the night is getting even brighter. From 2012 to 2016 the earth’s artificially lit area expanded by an estimated 2.2 percent a year (map), according to a study published last November in Science Advances. Even that increase may understate the problem, however. The measurement excludes light from most of the energy-efficient LED lamps that have been replacing sodium-vapor technology in cities all over the world, says lead study author Christopher Kyba, a postdoctoral researcher at the German Research Center for Geosciences in Potsdam.
The new data came from a NASA satellite instrument called the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). It can measure long --- wavelengths of light, such as those produced by traditional yellow-and-orange sodium-vapor street lamps. But VIIRS cannot see the short - wavelength blue light produced by white LEDs. This light has been shown to disrupt human sleep cycles and nocturnal animals’ behavior.
Credit: Mapping Specialists; Source: “Artificially Lit Surface of Earth at Night Increasing in Radiance and Extent,” by Christopher C. M. Kyba et al., in Science Advances, Vol. 3 , No. 11, Article No. E1701528; November 22 , 2017.
The team believes the ongoing switch to LEDs caused already bright countries such as Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and the U. S. to register as having stable levels of illumination in the VIERS data. In contrast, most nations in South America, Africa and Asia brightened, suggesting increases in the use of traditional lighting. Australia actually appeared to lose lit area—but the researchers say that is because wildfires skewed the data.
“The fact that VIIRS finds an increase (in many countries), despite its blindness in the part of the spectrum that increased more, is very sad,” says FabioFalchi, a researcher at Italy’s Light Pollution Science and Technology Institute, who did not participate in the study. In 2016 Falchi, along with Kyba and several other members of his research team, published a global atlas of artificial lighting that showed one third of the world’s population currently lives under skies too bright to see the Milky Way at night.
The data also cast doubt on the idea that the LED lighting revolution will lead to energy cost savings. Between 2012 and 2016 the median nation pumped out 15 percent more long-wavelength light as its GDP increased by 13 percent. And overall, countries’ total light production correlated with their GDP. In other words, Kyba says, “we buy as much light as we are willing to spend money on.”
Which is not true about the spread of lit areas
A. Lit area expanded by an estimated 2. 2 percent a year.
B. Artificial light is often seen as a sign of progress.
C. The increase in GDP is due to the increase in light.
D. It is bad for nocturnal animals and even for human health.
What is the function of VIIRS according to the article
A. It can taking pictures of the Earth to solve problems.
B. It can record and analyse long wavelengths of light.
C. It is a NASA satellite around the earth.
D. It can find the light that is bad for human sleep cycles.
According to the article, what we can know about the LEDs
A. Unnaturally LED lights are bad for people.
B. It is a sign of civilization in modern society.
C. VIIRS can see the light produced by white LEDs.
D. Artificially lit surface of Earth increasing because of LEDs.
66. The author writes this article to __________.
A. show the night is getting even brighter
B. tell people that VIIRS measure long wavelengths of light
C. complain that the Milky Way is not visible at night
D. attempt to arouse people’s awareness of light pollution
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A. I means that different team is accessible to you.
B. Belonging to your favorite team stimulates your confidence.
C. That identity is first and foremost.
D. The more we follow a team, the deeper the bond becomes.
E. In that sense, your favorite team can serve the same purpose as church and family: Fostering a sense of belonging.
F. This refers to the inclination by fans to distance themselves from their team after a defeat.
“Our research has shown that the No. 1 reason people become fans is that it’s your connection to your first community,” said Adam Earnhardt, chairman of the communications department at Youngstown State University and co-author of “Sports Fans, Identity and Socialization: Exploring the Fandemonium.” “I don’t care if a Seattle fan moves to China, he or she carries with them their love for the sports teams,” he said. “___ (67) ___”
___ (68) ___And when a team begins to catch fire, as with, say, the Mariners in ’ 95 or the Seahawks of recent vintage, well, it’s easy to get swept up in the wave.
“It’s phenomenal,” said Simons. “We have this ability to understand other people so remarkably that their victories literally become ours. Our testosterone (睾酮) literally responds to their victory. ___ (69) ___ They’re us, and competing on a literal level as us—a little extension of us. ”
Professor Robert Cialdini at Arizona State University came up with the term BIRG—Basking In Reflected Glory—to describe the intense pride fans feel when their teams succeed. It can be used as averb, as in, “Seahawks’ fans are currently BIRGing up a storm.” The counterpoint, as coined by researches C. R. Snyder, Mar Anne Lassergard and Carol E. Ford, is the concept of CORFing—Cutting Off Reflected Failure. ___ (70) ___We’ve all heard it in action: We won, but they lost.
This leads into another concept, that of cognitive bias, also known as confirmation bias, which causes fans to help explain away defeats by blaming outside factors, such as referees. I’m sure it would also help explain why Seahawks fans rallied around Richard Sherman after his postgame interview, rationalizing behavior that was widely criticized by many fans with no vested interest. I could also explain the notion of “eustress”, invented by endocrinologist Hans Selye to refer to a combination of euphoria (极度愉快的心情) and stress, such as that resulting from watching tense sporting events. Indeed, it’s much of the appeal.
IV.Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
It's undeniable: Being among the first to try out a new piece of technology is cool. There's the excitement of doing what has never been done before—the feeling that you're living in the future. And when you're the sole member of your social circle with the latest hot gadget, people stare in fascination. They ask you questions. They see you as the holder of powerful, secret knowledge—for a little while, until the next big thing comes along. People tend to underestimate the costs of this temporary coolness, which they pay in more ways than one. Don't fall into the early adopter trap. Don't join the first wave of consumers who invest in the latest media-hyped hardware; instead, wait and see.
To put it frankly, early adoption is a bad investment. First, the earliest versions of devices are not only expensive, they are also the most expensive that those devices will ever panies are presumably attempting to recover the cost of production as fast as they can, and they know that there are serious tech-lovers who will pay a great deal to be first. Once the revenues from early adopters' purchases are safely in their hands, they can cut the price and shift to the next marketing phase: selling the product to everyone else. This is why the cost of the original iPhone dropped about U. S. $200 only eight months after its release. Plus, electronics hardly ever become more expensive because intense competition in the industry puts downward pressure on prices over time. Prices of gadgets will fall shortly after release, and they will likely keep falling. Many new TV models drop significantly in price as little as ten days after hitting the market. Further, electronics rapidly depreciate because they become obsolete (废弃的) so quickly. This means that early adopters pay the maximum price for an item that does not hold onto its value. The resale price of a cell phone or laptop can drop by fifty percent within just a few months.
Speaking of becoming obsolete, those who are first to leap into a new technology risk wasting money and time on something that will never catch on. Another good reason to resist the early-adoption temptation is that the first version of a product typically has defects that cost a lot in time and frustration. Such problems are so common with new technology that early adopters are basically unpaid beta testers and troubleshooters. Unless this sounds to you like a fun way to spend your time, don’t be among the first users. If you wait to learn what the problems are with a new electronic gadget, you can look forward to a smoother experience—or choose a less troublesome product.
71.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)
Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets
72.爷爷有点耳背，对他耐心一点。(patient)
73.和学生时代的他相比，那名士兵简直判若两人。(How)
74.随着体力逐渐恢复正常，那名业余自行车手的夺冠之梦不再遥不可及。(normal)
75.值得一提的是，在王老师影响下，她的同事们更关注孩子们的努力，而不是他们的成绩。(as…as…)
VI.Guided Writing (共25分)
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese
假如你是李敏，在一本英文旅游杂志上，你发现了这样一条信息：某古城景区对当地人收费5美元，对外国人收费15美元，针对这一情况，请你以李敏的口吻给该杂志编辑写一封信，具体要求如下：
介绍一下你在杂志上看到的内容；
针对此事自己的态度以及理由。
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