2024届高考英语复习非谓语的使用课件（共14张PPT)

(共32张PPT)
非谓语动词
vs
谓语动词
非谓语动词
反映时态
不反映时态
反映与谓语动词的先后关系
目录
CONTENTS
01
02
04
定义
分类
作用
非谓语动词作主语
非谓语动词作宾语
非谓语动词作语补足语
非谓语动词作表语
非谓语动词作定语
非谓语动词作状语
不定式
动名词
分词
现在分词
过去分词
03
形式
01
定义
定义：
非谓语动词也叫非限定动词，指的是由动词变化而成，仍具有动词的性质与原意，但不能做动词的词。
非谓语动词和动词一样可以带有宾语、副词、补语等。
02
分类
分
类
不定式（to do）
动名词（doing）
分词
现在分词（doing）
过去分词（done）
运用
将来，目的，一次性
I would like to come to your party.
长期，稳定，习惯
Smoking is bad.
与谓语动词同步发生
I sat there, thinking of her.
完成 I found her gone.
I found my bike stolen.
完成，被动
不及物
及物
55%
不定式表示一次性的具体的动作
eg: My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.
动名词表经常发生的日常的
eg: My favorite sport is playing football.
分词说明主语的性质
eg: His speech is inspiring.
The person was moved by the story.
入门来体验一下吧
、
有些分词常被认作是形容词。
03
形式
55%
非谓语十种形式
非谓语 一般式 完成式 进行式
不定式
动名词/现在分词
过去分词
have done
be doing
to do
to do + have done
to do + be doing
被动
be done
to do + be done
= to be done
to do + have done + be done =to have been done
doing
doing + have done
被动
be done
doing+ be done =being done
doing + have done + be done =having been done
done
= to have done
= having done
= to be doing
否定用not
04
作用
55%
To become a teacher is my dream.
My dream is to become a teacher.
I want to become a teacher.
She asks me to help her.
He is the first one to come.
To become a millionaire, I dreamed a lot.
:不定式的句法功能
表语
宾语
补语
状语
定语
主语
55%
Traveling around the world is my dream.
My dream is traveling around the world.
I fancy walking in the rain.
This is a swimming pool.
:动名词的句法功能
表语
宾语
定语
主语
功能和用途
55%
My job is interesting.
I saw him playing basketball when I went to school.
Do you see the boy swimming in the pool
Seeing from the top of the mountain, I find the city more beautiful.
I am so excited.
I heard a song sung by Jay Chou yesterday.
The man injured in the accident is my idol.
Seen from the top of the mountain, the city is more beautiful.
:分词的句法功能
表语
补语
状语
定语
表语
补语
定语
状语
所处状态
55%
A：重点:不定式和动名词做主语时，常用it作主语
It is/was adj. for sb. to do sth.
It is easy to learn English for you.
It is/was adj. of sb. to do sth.
It is wise of you to learn English.
It is a/an n. to do sth.
It is a pity to miss such an important lecture.
It takes sb. sometime to do sth.
It usually takes me an hour to go from home to work.
It is no use / good / harm doing sth.
It is no use crying over spilt milk..
It is a waste of time doing sth.
It is a waste of time arguing with her.
55%
B:非谓语动词作宾语
只有不定式和动名词
置于动词或介词后
动名词作宾语 （只能）
下列动词只能接动名词或名词作宾语
abandon/ enjoy/ appreciate/ give up/ mind/ avoid
非谓语动词做介词宾语 （某些固定结构中可以省介词）
feel like doing something
spend time（in） doing something
be busy（in）doing something
have fun（in）doing sth
can’t help doing sth
不定式作宾语 （只能）
agree/ offer/ plan/ aim/ ask/ manage/ tend
in,to,of
55%
B:非谓语动词作宾语
a:意义区别不大的词. like/ love/ hate/ begin/prefer
b:意义区别大的词
to do sth
doing sth
to do sth
doing sth
remember/ forget
记得/忘记做某事(动作未发生)
记起/忘记做过某事 (动作已发生)
get down
着手做…
开始认真对待某事
能接不定式和动名词作宾语的动词
55%
动名词和不定式作表语时一般也无严格区别
但在表语是不定式的句子中，若主语也用非谓语形式，这时要用不定式；
同样表语是动名词时，则主语要用动名词。
eg: To see is to believe.=Seeing is believing.
C:非谓语动词作表语
55%
Our problem remains to be solved.
She remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down.
The true author of the book remains unknown.
C:非谓语动词作表语
remain 作 讲,后加to be done作表语;
remain作 讲,后可加现在分词和过去分词作表语;
"有待”
"保持”
55%
现在分词一般表示正在发生的动作
过去分词表示已经发生的动作或表被动的意义
eg: A racing horse= a horse that is racing
A fallen leaf= a leaf that has already fallen
A moving van
D:非谓语动词作定语
1、分词作定语和所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系
eg: a changing room
= a room for changing
a moving van
2、动名词定语一般表示所修饰词的用途
它和所修饰词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系
一辆正在移动的货车
搬家货车
55%
D:非谓语动词作定语
3、不定式作定语 通常表示未发生的动作且常后置
eg: The topic to be discussed at the meeting is
still unknown.
55%
D:非谓语动词作定语
主动还是被动,这是一个问题
I have a letter to write.
I have much homework to do.
Would you like something to drink
*不定式to do作定语,如果句子里有人,并且是to do的动作发出者,用主动形式即可。
55%
D:非谓语动词作定语
带还是不带介词,这是一个问题
我们需要找一个房子住。我们需要找一个去住的房子。
1. We need to find a house to live.
2. We need to find a house to live in.
We live in the house.
55%
D:非谓语动词作定语
带还是不带介词,这是一个问题
我们找到了一个地方住。我们找到了一个去住的地方。
We found a place to live in.
a place = in the cave live in the cave
*当被修饰的名词是time, place, reason, way等词时,可以不带介词。
【知识链接】关系副词 where=in /at which, when=on /during which .
55%
D:非谓语动词作定语
She was always the first to come and the last to leave.
He was the best man to do the job.
Do you have anything to say
被修饰名词前有序数词、最高级、the very/only, any/no/all等限定词或是不定代词时,只能用不定式。。
55%
D:非谓语动词作定语
I made a plan to memorize words every day.
Her decision to break up with me is heartbreaking.
被修饰名词为ability/decision/plan/promise/chance/opportunity/right/courage等抽象名词时,只能用不定式。
55%
E:非谓语动词作状语
分词 用作状语表示时间 原因 条件 让步伴随
不定式 作状语常表示目的和结果
一分词用作状语表示时间 原因 条件 让步伴随
eg:
Not understanding its meaning，he asked the teacher to explain the world. (原因)
Having made a decision，they immediately set out to work.(时间)
Working hard on English，you must speak very well.(条件)
The boy sat in the darkroom，frightened and trembling.(伴随)
二 不定式作状语 常表示目的和结果
1)目的
He got up early not to miss the first bus.
2)结果
too...to...
so...as to
such...as to
enough to
She's too young to dress herself.
Will you be so kind as to turn down the radio
F:非谓语作宾语补足语
五看 look, see, watch, notice, observe
三使 have, make, let
两听 hear, listen
一感觉 feel
难点:感官/使役动词后的宾补
主语
宾语+补语
to do sth.
01
02
04
定义
分类
作用
非谓语动词作主语
非谓语动词作宾语
非谓语动词作语补足语
非谓语动词作表语
非谓语动词作定语
非谓语动词作状语
不定式
动名词
分词
现在分词
过去分词
03
形式
Thanks for your listening