牛津译林版（2019）必修 第二册大单元思维强化学案（4份打包）

Unit 4 Exploring literature——2023-2024学年英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第二册大单元思维强化
大单元思维知识整合
一、重点单词
destroy (v.)破坏，摧毁；消灭，杀死
destruction (n.)破坏;毁坏
destructive (adj.)毁灭性的;破坏性的
attempt (n.)企图，尝试；(v.)试图，企图
attempted (adj.)未遂的，企图的
accomplish (v.)完成，实现；走完
confused (adj.)困惑的；混乱的；糊涂的
confuse (v.)使糊涂;使迷惑;使更难于理解
flash (adj.)浮华的；闪光的；(n.)闪光；闪光灯；手电筒；(v.)闪光，反射
appeal (n.)呼吁，恳求；吸引力；(v.)呼吁，恳求；诉诸，求助；有吸引力；上诉
appealing (adj.)有感染力的;有吸引力的
determine (v.)决定；确定；判定；终止
determined (adj.)坚定的;坚决的;决定了的
significant (v.)决定；确定；判定
significance (n.)(指对将来有影响的)重要性,意义
sensitive (adj.)敏感的；易受影响的；神经过敏的；灵敏的
reflect (v.)反映；反射；显示；沉思
reflection (n.)反映,表现;映像,影像;思考，沉思
devote (v.)献身；投入；将……专用于
devoted (adj.)挚爱的，忠诚的，全心全意的
devotion (n.)奉献，忠诚；关爱
determination (n.)决心，坚定
二、重点短语
1.attempt to do sth. 试图做某事
2.make an attempt to do/at (doing) sth. 试图做某事
3.at one's/the first attempt 第一次尝试
4.attempted murder谋杀未遂
5.accomplish one's goal/aim 达到/实现目标
6.accomplish a/the task 完成任务
7.be/get/become confused about 对...感到困惑
8.confuse A with/and B把A和B混淆/混同
9.a flash of lighting一道闪电
10.in a flash很快
11.appeal to呼吁;上诉;恳求;(对某人)有吸引力
12.make an appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁/恳求某人做某事
13.determine to do sth. 决心做某事(表示动作)
14.determine on/upon (doing) sth. 决定(做)某事
15.be determined to do sth. 决心做某事(表示状态)
16.have great significance for 对……有重大意义
17.be of (great) significance=be (very) significant 非常有意义的
18.be sensitive to...对……敏感的;体贴的;解人意的
19.be sensitive about/to sth. 对……易生气的;对……介意的
20.reflect on/upon sth. 仔细考恩;沉思
21.on/upon reflection 经过考虑后(改变看法)
22.devote one's life/oneself to（doing）sth. 献身于/致力于（做）某事
23.devote one's time/energy/attention/to(doing)sth. 把某人的时间/精力/注意力/……用到（做）某事上
24.a devoted friend忠诚的朋友
25.be devoted to... 深爱/忠于……，全心全意……
26.appeal to sb. for sth.为某事向某人呼吁
27.appeal to sb.to do sth.呼吁/恳求某人做某事
28.appeal (to sb./sth.) against sth.就……(向……)提起上诉
29.make/launch an appeal to sb. for sth.向某人呼吁某事
30.make/launch an appeal to sb. to do sth.呼吁某人做某事
31.determine on… 决心/决定……
32.determine to do sth. （表示动作）决心做某事，决定做某事
33.a determined effort to overcome difficulties坚决克服困难的努力
34.reflect the views of… 表明……的意见
35.reflect sb./sth.in sth. 在某物里映出某人/某物
36.reflect on/upon… 认真思考……
37.be a reflection of… 是……的反映
38.on/upon reflection 经过沉思后
三、重点句型
1. His mouth was too dry to speak but he could not reach for the water now. (too...to...)
2. Never have I seen a greater, or more beautiful, or a calmer or more noble thing than you brother. (never位于句首引起的部分倒装)
3. A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear. (sb.was doing sth. when...)
四、重点用法
1. too...to...结构
(1)too...to...结构意为“太···.·· 以致不能····.·”,此结构中,too后跟形容词或副词,to后跟动词原形,可转换为so/such...that结构。该结构还可扩展为 too...for sb to...
(2)too...to...结构并不都表示否定，下列情况中的 too..to...表示肯定意义:
当too后是表示心情或描述性的形容词或副词,如anxious, glad, ready，eager, easy, nice, willing, happy, pleased, surprised, kind, delighted 等时,too有 very 的含义，且 too前通常有 only，just 等修饰，表示肯定意义。
在not, never 等否定词后的 too...to...结构，表示肯定含义。
too...not to do...结构,表示“太......而不会不.....”是双重否定表示肯定。
2. never位于句首引起的部分倒装
否定词never位于句首时,句子要用部分倒装结构,即把助动词/be动词/情态动词
移到主语之前，构成"Never+ 助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语+动词(不含 be动
词)+其他"结构。
Never have I heard or seen such a thing.我从未听过或见过这样的事。
其他具有否定意义或否定形式的词语,如not，neither，nor, seldom，hardly，little，nowhere,in no way(绝不), by no means(绝不)，at no time(从不)，not until 等位于首时,句子要用部分倒装结构。
3. keep+宾语+宾补结构
此结构中宾语可以是名词或代词；宾补可以由形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词等来充当。
(1)keep+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语
He likes to keep the windows open while sleeping.他喜欢开着窗户睡觉。(形容词作宾补)
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.[谚]一日一苹果,医生远离我。(副词作宾补)
He always keeps the car in good condition.他一直使车处于良好状况。(介词短语作宾补)
(2)keep+宾语+现在分词(宾语与构成分词的动词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,表示主动和状态的持续)
Sorry to have kept you waiting so long.很抱歉让你等这么久。
(3)keep +宾语+过去分词(宾语与构成分词的动词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系表示被动和状态的持续)
I hope you'll keep me informed of how you're getting on with your work.我希望你能让我了解你的工作进展如何。
4. sb.was doing sth. when...
(1)此句型表示"某人正在做某事,这时(突然)...",句中 when作并列连词,连接
两个并列分句,前一分句通常用过去进行时,后一分句通常用一般过去时。
(2)when表示"这时/那时(突然)"时,相当于and then, and just then 或and at that
time。when可与suddenly连用以加强语气。在此用法中when不能用while替换。
I was thinking about the basketball match when someone knocked on my desk.我正想着篮球比赛,这时突然有人敲了我的桌子。
五、重点语法
1. can与could的用法
（1）表示能力，意为“能，会”。
Can you lift this heavy box？你能举起这个重箱子吗？
（2）表示可能性，用于表示把握比较大的推测，常用于疑问句和否定句中，can't/couldn't表示"不可能"。
That can't be Mary, for she is in hospital. 那不可能是玛丽，因为她在住院。
（3）表示请求和许可（could用来表示请求时，是委婉的说法，回答时一般用can）。
Could you please do me a favor 你能帮我个忙吗？
（4）用于肯定的陈述句中，表示理论上的可能性，意为“有时会，（有时）可能会”。
She can be very careless sometimes.她有时会很粗心。
2. may与might的用法
（1）may 和 might 在肯定句中表示允许，意为“可以”。在疑问句中用于征求许可，意为“可以……吗”。
You may keep the book for two weeks.
这本书你可以借两个星期。
May I go fishing with you tomorrow
我明天可以和你去钓鱼吗？
（2）表示推测，意为“可能，或许”。
She may be at home today.
她今天可能在家。
（3）may用于祈使句中，表示祝愿。
May you be happy forever!
祝你永远快乐！
3. shall与should/ought to的用法
（1）shall
①表示征求对方的意见或向对方请示，用于主语是第一或第三人称的疑问句中。
Shall I give you the book tomorrow 我明天给你这本书，可以吗？
Shall she go now 她现在可以走了吗？
②表示说话人的命令、警告、许诺或威胁等，用于主语是第二或第三人称的陈述句中。
You shall do as I tell you. 你要按照我说的做。
He shall be punished. 他会受到惩罚的。
③用在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，一般用于第三人称且用于陈述句中，意为“应该，必须”。
No person shall carry a mobile phone into the examination room during the College Entrance Examination.
在高考时任何人都不能将手机带进考场。
（2）should/ought to
①表示责任与义务，意为"应该，应当"；ought to语气更强。
②表示说话人根据一定的情况作出推测，意为“应该会，可能”。
③should表示惊讶、意外或不应该发生的事，意为“竟然”。
④should在条件状语从句中，表示“假如，万一”。
（4）will与would的用法
①表示请求，would比will语气委婉。
Would you please let me have a look
请让我看一看，好吗？
② 表示习惯或倾向等。will用于表示一般的习惯；would用于描述过去的习惯或例行的活动，意为“总是，总会”。
Jealousy will spoil friendship. 忌妒会破坏友谊。
He would come to help us when he was free.他有空时，总来帮助我们。
③表示意愿、意图或决心，可用于各种人称。will意为“要，愿”；would用于过去时中，意为“愿意”。
I will never do that again. 我再也不做那样的事了。
She asked if I would go with them. 她问我是否愿意同他们一起去。
（5）must与have to的用法
①表示义务、命令等，意为“必须”，更强调说话人的主观态度。其否定形式为mustn't，意为“不许，禁止”；对以must开头的一般疑问句进行否定回答时，应用 don't have to/ needn't（不必，没必要）。
You must finish your homework this afternoon.
今天下午你必须完成你的家庭作业。
You mustn't smoke here.
你不许在这儿吸烟。
-Must I tell him in advance 我必须事先告诉他吗？
-No, you don't have to/needn't. 不，没必要。
②表示肯定的推测，意为“一定”。只用于肯定句中。
She must be very tired after such a long walk.
走了这么长的路，她一定很累了。
③ 意为“偏偏，偏要”，表示与说话人的愿望相反或不耐烦。
Must you make so much noise 你偏要弄出这么多的噪声吗？
④ 表示客观需要，意为“不得不，必须”，强调客观上的必要性。
You have to be back before 10 o'clock because the train is to leave at 10:15.
你必须在10：00之前回来，因为火车将在10：15离开。
（6）dare的用法
dare作情态动词常用于疑问句、否定句及条件句中，表示“敢于，胆敢”，没有人称变化，但有过去式。
He daren't speak English in public. 他不敢在公共场合说英语。
She dare not say what she thinks. 她不敢把她的想法说出来。
They hardly dared breathe as somebody walked past the door!
有人在门前走过时，他们几乎不敢呼吸了！
注意：
dare也可作实义动词，其用法如下：
①作实义动词时，有人称、时态和数的变化；
②在肯定句中，其后常接带to的不定式；
③在否定句和疑问句中，既可接带to的不定式，也可接不带to的不定式；
④构成否定句和疑问句时，要借助do，does，did等助动词。
He dares to challenge all kinds of difficulties. 他敢于挑战各种困难。
He doesn't dare (to) go there alone. 他不敢自己去那里。
（7）need的用法
①need用作情态动词多用在疑问句和否定句中，也可用于肯定句中，表示“需要”，没有时态和人称的变化。
If she wants anything, she need only ask. 如果想要什么东西，她只要开一下口就行了。
This is free service; you needn't pay for it. 这是免费服务，你不必为此付钱。
②对need引出的一般疑问句作肯定回答时要用must，作否定回答时要用needn't或don't have to。
—Need I hand in the application now 我需要现在交申请表吗？
—Yes, you must./No, you don't have to.是的，你必须（现在交）。/不，你不必（现在交）。
（8）used to的用法
used to表示“过去常常……”，没有人称和数的变化，仅用于过去时中，表示过去习惯或过去某一时期的状况，但现在已不再这样了。
She doesn't get up early as she used to. 她不像以前起得那么早了。
There used to be a school here. 从前这里有一所学校。
（9）情态动词的几种形式
①进行式（情态动词+be doing）
情态动词与主动词的进行式合用，表示某动作正在进行
Jack may be reading in the library. 杰克也许正在图书馆看书。
②完成式（情态动词+have done）
情态动词与主动词的完成式合用，表示过去发生的动作
Tom must have arrived home by now.现在汤姆肯定已经到家了。
You can't have seen Henry yesterday because he was in London.
你昨天不可能见到亨利，因为他在伦敦。
③被动式（情态动词+be done）
情态动词可以与主动词的被动式合用，表示被动
The road may be blocked.
公路也许被堵了。
大单元综合试题训练
一、语法填空
1. _____(improve) our reading levels, we should read as many books as possible.
2. Teenagers should pay more attention to their studies instead of being too sensitive _______ their appearance.
3. My father reminded me I should be careful and _______ I shouldn't make the same mistake again.
4. By the age of seven, children are capable of _____(think) in abstract terms.
5. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _______ sight matters more than hearing.
6. Their child is at the stage _____ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
7. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ________ easily reach the books on the top shelf.
8. I have a big family with four generations living under one roof, which _____ be a completely new lifestyle for you.
9. A large cat arrived at a farm where many mice lived. None of them _____ go outside for fear of being eaten by the cat.
10. In this class we are going to learn English grammar. I will attempt __________(explain) what "the present perfect passive" is.
二、翻译句子
11.我母亲正在把货品放进购物袋里,这时一个陌生人向她走了过来。(when)
_________________________________________________________________
12.所有我们必须要做的就是完成最后一项任务。(不定式作表语)
_________________________________________________________________
13.你的英语很好,已经到了能读任何英国文学作品的地步了。(point)
_________________________________________________________________
14.总之,你现在应该做的是享受你的生活。(summary)
_________________________________________________________________
15.图书馆里有一系列这样的文学书籍。(range)
_________________________________________________________________
三、阅读理解
A recent trend in the entertainment world is to adapt classic works of literature for either TV plays or movies. One argument is that this is to everyone's benefit, as it introduces people to works they might otherwise have never experienced, while others say that turning books into movies not only cheapens the original ones, but is rarely done successfully. So what do you think
In the past few years, we have seen several classic works of literature were adapted for movies. Many people believe that turning a novel into a film is a great idea, but some obviously think otherwise. According to the latter, translating classic works into movies destroys its originality and credibility(可信性). In my opinion, literary works can be adapted for the screen effectively.
The main challenge that filmmakers face while turning a classic work into a movie is its imaginary world. Generally, the perception(见解) of a book's imaginary world differs from person to person. And it's quite challenging to put all these different perceptions in one frame. But modern technology has made this challenge achievable. For example, the filmmakers used visual effects to successfully adapt the Harry Potter movies, which were so visually appealing that their perception of Harry Potter changed. Therefore, literary works can be translated into films through technical means.
Also, while filmmakers are making a film, the main focus always remains on the main plotline (主要情节) and characters. But for movies based on literary works, this issue is not there as these movies carry the same basic plotline as it is present in the books. Therefore, directors do not have to spend much time and imagination on the plot of movies, which makes the adaptations quite easy.
On the basis of the above arguments, I believe that it is quite possible to make a beautiful movie based on a classic work by using modern technologies and a writer's imagination.
16.What does the underlined phrase in Paragraph 2 refer to
A. People who can adapt literary works for the screen.
B. People who enjoy reading classic works of literature.
C. People who don't think it's a good idea to adapt classic works for the screen.
D. People who agree with adapting classic works of literature for the screen.
17.What is the main difficulty when classics are adapted for films according to the author
A. Keeping the complex plotline of literary works.
B. Presenting the imagination of classic works on screens.
C. Mixing the different perceptions of the book's imaginary world.
D. Using properly modern technology in adapting classic works.
18.Why does the author mention the adaptation of the Harry Potter series
A. To present an example to prove that classic works are out of date.
B. To confirm adapting classic works for films is really important.
C. To prove that literary works can be adapted effectively through technical means.
D. To describe the successful use of modern technology in making films.
19.What is the author's attitude towards adapting classics
A. Critical. B. Objective. C. Indifferent. D. Supportive.
四、七选五
You may have heard of the word "pub". It is short for public house. There are around 60,000 pubs in the UK. One of the oldest pubs, Ye Olde Fighting Cocks in St. Albans, Hertfordshire, is located in a building that dates back to the eleventh century.
①_____ People talk, eat, drink, meet their1friends and relax there. Pubs often have two bars, one usually quieter than the other, and many have a garden where people can sit in summer. Children can go into pub gardens with their parents.
Groups of friends normally buy "rounds" of drinks. ②_____ It is sometimes difficult to get served when pubs are busy: The bar staff will usually serve those who have been waiting the longest at the bar first.
Most pubs offer a complete range of beers, local and imported, with German, Belgian and French beers being in demand. ③_____ As a matter of fact, pubs sell soft drinks, too.
The legal age to purchase alcohol is 18 in the UK. People aged 16 and 17, with the license's permission, may have only one glass of wine during a meal. ④_____ It is illegal to sell alcohol to someone who already appears drunk. A fourteen-year-old may enter a pub unaccompanied by an adult if he orders a meal. Children may enter a pub with their parents until 9 p.m., which lets families enjoy reasonably priced pub meals together. ⑤_____ Customs in British pubs differ from those in American bars. In most pubs in the U.K you must go to the bar to order drinks and food and pay for your purchases immediately.
A. British people like drinking beers in pubs.
B.Pubs are an important part of British life.
C. But they must be with an adult and the adult orders it.
D. In the salon bar, the atmosphere is quieter and there are fewer people.
E. And it also allows pubs to play their traditional roles as community centers.
F.The person whose turn it is will buy drinks for all the members of the group.
G. Most people might think pubs are places where people simply drink alcohol.
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：To improve
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:为了提高我们的阅读水平,我们应该尽可能地多读书。由句意及句子结构可知,此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。
2.答案：about/to
解析：考查固定搭配。句意:青少年应该更多地关注他们的学习，而不是对自己的外貌太过在意。"be sensitive about/to..."意为"对……敏感"，为固定搭配，故填about/to。
3.答案：that
解析：考查宾语从句。当谓语动词后跟两个that引导的宾语从句时,第一个宾语从句中的连接词that可以被省略,而第二个宾语从句中的that不能被省略。故填that。
4.答案：thinking
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:儿童到了七岁就具有抽象思维的能力。be capable of doing sth."有能力做某事”。
5.答案：where
解析：考查关系副词。句意:那些成功的失聪的舞蹈家认为舞蹈是一项视觉比听觉更重要的活动。本句中think后为省略that的宾语从句。在该宾语从句中,空前后为完整的句子,且空前后没有连词连接,由此推测设空处起连接作用。空前为名词,设空处无提示词,由语境可知,“sight...hearing”表示“在这项活动中视觉比听觉重要”,由此可知设空处相当于“in the activity”。由此推断设空处引导定语从句,该从句修饰表抽象地点的先行词an activity,关系词在从句中作地点状语,因此用where。
6.答案：where
解析：句意: 他们的孩子目前所处的阶段是会说单个的词, 但还不会说整句话。stage意为"阶段, 发展时期", 为抽象地点名词, 作先行词时, 一般用where引导定语从句。
7.答案：can
解析： 句意：Samuel是我们班最高的男孩，他能轻易地够到顶层搁板上的书。根据句意可知，空处表示能力，故填can。
8.答案：might/may/could
解析：句意: 我的家庭是四代同堂的大家庭, 这对你来说可能是一种全新的生活方式。肯定句中表示可能性可用might/may/could。
9.答案：dared
解析：句意: 一只大猫来到许多老鼠住的农场。没有一只老鼠敢出来, 因为它们怕被猫吃掉。dare敢。由过去式arrived可知, 此空应用一般过去时, 故填dared。
10.答案：to explain
解析：考查attempt的用法。attempt to do sth."试图/努力做某事"为固定用法,故填to explain。
二、翻译句子
11.答案：My mother was putting the goods into the shopping bag when a stranger came up to her.
解析：此处是be doing...when...句式,表示"正在做某事,这时突然……",其中when用作并列连词。
12.答案：All we have to do is (to) finish the last task.
解析：根据提示可知,此处应用动词不定式作表语,当主语部分含有动词do的某种形式时,作表语的不定式可省略to。
13.答案：Your English is so good that you reach a point where you can understand any English literature.
14.答案：In summary, what you should do now is to enjoy your life.
15.答案：There are a range of such literature books in the library.
三、阅读理解
16.答案：C
解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Many people believe that turning a novel into a film is a great idea, but some obviously think otherwise"可知,一些人认为把小说改编成电影是个好主意,而一些人并非如此认为,the latter指那些认为把小说改编成电影不是个好主意的人。故选C项。
17.答案：B
解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段第一句"The main challenge that filmmakers face while turning a classic work into a movie is its imaginary world"可知,将经典作品中虚构的世界呈现在银幕上是主要的挑战,所以展现出文学作品的想象力最为困难。故选B项。
18.答案：C
解析：考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"But modern technology has made this challenge achievable. For example, the filmmakers used visual effects to successfully adapt the Harry Potter movies, which were so visually appealing that their perception of Harry Potter changed. Therefore, literary works can be translated into films through technical means"可推知,作者举这个例子是为了说明能够通过技术手段有效地改编文学著作。故选C项。
19.答案：D
解析：考查观点态度。根据第二段最后一句"In my opinion, literary works can be adapted for the screen effectively"以及最后一段内容可知,作者对有效地把文学著作搬上荧幕持支持态度。故选D项。
四、七选五
答案：BFGCE
解析：①根据文章第二段尤其是空后一句可知,英国人的生活离不开酒馆,因此B项“酒馆在英国人的生活中扮演着重要的角色”能够概括本段。故选B。
②根据空前的“Groups of friends normally buy ‘rounds’ of drinks.”可知,一群朋友通常会轮流买酒。所以F选项“轮到谁,谁就要为这群朋友里的每个成员买酒”符合语境,与前文话题一致。故选F。
③下文提到酒馆也销售不含酒精的饮料。故G项“大多数人可能认为酒馆只是人们喝酒的地方”符合语境。故选G。
④根据上文可知,在英国,购买酒的合法年龄是18岁。16岁和17岁的孩子在有许可证的情况下,(在酒馆)一顿饭只能喝一杯葡萄酒;再结合下文中的“unaccompanied by an adult”可推知,C项“但是他们得有成年人陪伴而且由成年人点酒”符合语境,与前文为转折关系。故选C。
⑤根据空前内容可知,孩子可以和父母在酒馆待到晚上9点,这让家人可以享受定价合理的晚餐。故E选项“它还允许酒吧发挥其作为社区中心的传统作用”符合语境,承接上文。故选E。
2Unit 3 Festivals and customs——2023-2024学年英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第二册大单元思维强化
大单元思维知识整合
一、重点单词
observe (v.) 观察；注意到；遵守；评论
honour (n.) 尊重；荣誉，名誉；特殊奖励；荣幸； (v.) 尊重；执行；授予…荣誉
honourable (adj.)可敬的，值得钦佩的
identity (n.) 身份；同一性；一致；特性
duty (n.) 责任；义务；职责
selection (n.)挑选，选择；被挑选的人（或物）；可供选择的事物
selective (adj.)选择性的；认真挑选的
earn (v.) 赚得；赚钱；挣得，获得
hunt (n.) 打猎；搜寻；(v.) 打猎；搜索，搜寻
chain (n.) 链条；镣铐；约束；一连串；(v.) 用铁链锁住；束缚；囚禁
income (n.) 收入；收益；所得
promote (v.) 提升；促进；发起；宣传
decorate (v.) 装修，装饰；装点，布置
decoration (n.)装饰，装潢:装饰品
opportunity (n.) 机会，良机
impression (n.) 印象；感想；作用；影响
impress (v.)给……留下深刻的好印象；使铭记
entrance (n.) 入口，门口；进入；(v.) 使狂喜，使着迷
formal (adj.) 正式的；礼仪上的；有条理的
formally (adv.)官方地;正式地
informal (adj.)非正式的，不拘礼节的，随便的
二、重点短语
1.observe sb. doing sth. 观察到/看到某人正在做某事（强调动作正在进行）
2.observe sb. do sth. 观察到/看到某人做某事（强调动作发生的全过程）
3.observe the law 遵守法律
4.observe the local customs 遵循当地习俗
5.in honour of sb./sth. (=in sb.'s/sth.'s honour) 为向……表示敬意
6.have the honour of（doing）sth.得到某殊荣，有幸做某事
7.It is an honour (for sb.) to do... (对某人来说)做……是种荣幸。
8.honour sb. with sth. 某事使某人感到荣幸/给予某人表扬（或奖励、头衔、称号）
9.be/feel honoured to do sth.做某事感到荣幸
10.a sense of identity 自我认同感
11.identity card (ID card) 身份证
12.identity theft 身份盗窃
13.have a duty to do sth.有义务做某事
14.do one's duty尽自己的责任
15.a sense of duty 责任感
16.select sb./sth. from… 从……中选出某人/某物
17.select…for… 为……挑选……
18.select sb. to do sth. 挑选某人做某事
20. select sb. as… 挑选某人担任……
21.earn one's/a living (by.….)(靠……)维持生计
22.earn/make money 赚钱，挣钱
23.earn sb. sth.为某人赢得/博得……
24.earn a fame/a reputation 赢得名声
25.earn the respect/trust of sb.(=earn sb.'s respect/trust)赢得某人的尊敬/信任
26.hunt for 搜寻，寻找
27.hunt down追捕,缉捕
28.food chain食物链
29.industrial chain 产业链
30.chain reaction连锁反应;链式反应
31.high/low incomes高/低收入
32.decorate...with...用....装饰
33.opportunity for (doing)sth(做)……的机会/时机
34.sb's first impression 某人的第一印象
35.have/get a(n)… impression of… 对……有……的印象
36.leave/make a(n) (…)impression on sb. 给某人留下（……）印象
37.have/get the impression that… 有……的印象
38.be impressed on one's mind/memory印入某人的脑海/记忆中
39.the entrance to/of sth....的入口
40.college entrance examination高考；大学入学考试
三、重点句型
1. However, the high-speed train has made it much more convenient for them to go back home. (make +it +adj.( +for sb./sth.) +to do sth.)
2. Indeed, the whole family could not be happier to be together. (否定词+比较级)
3. I did not understand all of the traditional customs, but a few made a deep impression on me.
(部分否定)
4. Luckily, I arrived just in time-the show was about to begin as I took my place in the merry crowd. (as引导的时间状语从句)
四、重点用法
1. make +it +adj.( +for sb./sth.) +to do sth.结构
该结构中it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语，it 后面的形容词作宾语补足语，for用于引出不定式的逻辑主语。
Our English teacher makes it interesting to learn English.我们的英语老师让学英语变得有趣。
【拓展】
能用于上述结构的动词还有 think, find, believe, feel, consider等；除了用 to do sth.作真正的宾语之外，还可用that引导的从句。
I think it necessary that you should apologize to her at once.你应该立刻向她道歉我
认为这很有必要。
2. 否定词+比较级
（1）“否定词+比较级”结构表示最高级意义,通常译为“没有比……更……的,没有像……一样……的”。常用的否定词有no, not, never, nothing, nobody, hardly等。
（2）表示最高级意义的常用比较级结构还有:
3. 部分否定
否定词not和always，often等连用或与表示总括意义的词，如all，both，every，each，everywhere，everyone，everything，whole，completely等连用时，表示部分否定，意为“并不经常，并非都是，不是每个都是”等。
In our class, not all the boys go in for football. = In our class, all the boys don't go in for football.在我们班，并不是所有的男孩都喜欢（踢）足球。
Though they are twins, both of them don't like travelling. = Though they are twins, not both of them like travelling.
尽管他们是双胞胎,但他们俩并不都喜欢旅游。
Everyone cannot answer this question. = Not everyone can answer this question.
并非每个人都能回答这个问题。
五、重点语法
1. 过去将来时
（1）过去将来时的用法
过去将来时表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
I thought he wouldn't attend the evening party, but to my surprise, he came.
我原以为他不会参加这个晚会，但是令我惊讶的是，他来了。
I told her I should/would return the book in a few days.
我告诉过她，我将在几天后还书。
2. 过去将来时的表示方法
①would/should+动词原形，would用于所有人称，should只用于第一人称。
She told us that she would not go with us, if it rained.
她告诉我们，如果下雨的话她就不和我们一起去了。
I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week.
我昨天给他打电话问我下周做什么。
注意：
“would+动词原形”也可表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作。
When I was small, my mum would read me stories at night.
在我小的时候，妈妈常在晚上给我讲故事。
②was/were going to do表示过去打算/计划做某事或客观迹象表明要发生的事。
I was going to see Mr Brown the next day, but the appointment was cancelled.
我本打算第二天去看布朗先生的，但预约被取消了。
I thought it was going to rain. 我想是要下雨了。
③was/were about to do表示过去正要/即将做某事，一般不与时间状语连用。
When I got there they were about to leave.
我到那里的时候他们正要离开。
注意：
“sb. be about to do… when…”句型表示“某人正要做某事，这时（突然）……”。
I was about to leave when someone knocked at the door.
我正要离开，突然有人敲门。
④was/were to do表示过去计划或安排将要做某事。
He said he was to finish the work in a week.
他说他打算一星期后完成这项工作。
⑤当was/were + doing用于过去将来时时，仅限于go，come，leave，start，take off 等趋向性（短语）动词。
I didn't know they were coming.
我并不知道他们要来。
David was leaving for Shanghai in a few days.
戴维几天以后要去上海。
大单元综合试题训练
一、语法填空
1.He was listening attentively in class, his eyes _____(fix) on the blackboard.
2.Nothing is _______(happy) than giving and helping others.
3.________ you get older, you need to take on more responsibility.
4.________ hearing the news, he jumps up and down with excitement.
5.He made ________ a rule to get up before seven in the morning.
6.Opening the window, he saw that the ground was covered ________ white snow outside.
7.The number of the teachers in our school ________(be) about one hundred, and a small number of them are male.
8.It was his long absence from work without permission that delayed his _________(promote).
9.The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________(reward) with success in the end.
10.There were four guards _____ duty, but they were very tired, and one by one, fell asleep.
二、翻译句子
11.保护中国传统习俗不被遗忘是每一个中国人的责任。 (it作形式主语, duty)
________________________________________________________________
12.即使这么多年过去了,Jim仍然记得和学生们一起度过的快乐时光。 (even if, 动词-ed形式作定语)
________________________________________________________________
13.每位运动员为了金牌都拼尽了全力,希望为国争光。 (动词-ing形式作状语)
________________________________________________________________
14.这位演讲者站在演讲厅的前面。(全部倒装)
________________________________________________________________
15.节日帮助我们了解我们从哪里来、我们是谁以及我们应该感激什么。 (宾语从句)
________________________________________________________________
三、阅读理解
The world celebrates Earth Day every year on April 22. But one school in Potomac, Maryland tries to honor Earth Day every day. Very young children are learning about the environment and taking action to show their love for the Earth.
A child's world is the world of playing. They love being outside in the open air, playing hide-and-seek, sliding and swinging on playground equipment. But children at St. James Children's School also add to that fun by picking up rubbish in the school yard. Inside, they learn to save water and electricity. They also recycle and reuse the waste. And every spring they get the soil ready to plant flowers and vegetables in the school garden.
The children at St. James range from six weeks to six years old. The environmental study begins at age two. Rebecca Boker teaches the children the importance of taking care of the Earth. Boker says every day at St. James is Earth Day. She mentioned some books, which contain materials that ask children to do something to help the environment and protect the Earth.
At St. James, children observe the growth of plants from seeds to sprouts in cups kept in the classroom. Then they watch the plants continue to grow after placing them in the garden. The students also observe the life cycle of insects. After that, they know it is their job to respect the Earth just like they want others to respect their home.
But do these young children really get the message that their teachers try to communicate Ms. Boker says yes. A few days later, the kids at St. James will go out to the school garden for they early clean-up. But for them, Earth Day will continue for the schooldays ahead as well.
16.What can we know about the children at St. James Children's School
A. They learn to save water and electricity at home.
B. They often go out to pick up rubbish in the street.
C. They help prepare the soil to plant flowers and vegetables.
D. They are not allowed to use playground equipment.
17.By making the children observe the growth of plants and insects, the school mainly wants to _____.
A. help the children write better reports
B. let the children enjoy the growth of life
C. enrich the children's knowledge of agriculture
D. teach the children the importance of respecting the Earth
18.What's Ms. Boker's attitude towards the way of teaching children at St. James
A. Positive. B. Anxious. C. Unsatisfied. D. Unconcerned.
19.Which would be the best title for the passage
A. The protection of the environment
B. Children's love and respect for life
C. The celebration of Earth Day in schools
D. Earth Day at St. James Children's School
四、七选五
The Qingming Festival is celebrated with a three-day national holiday, whose name originates from the saying “Plants start to revive and prosper at Qingming in a clean and bright way. Thus, the festival is called Qingming,” which means clean and bright. ①_______ Tomb sweeping aims to commemorate family ancestors while going on a spring outing allows everyone the chance to enjoy the beautiful scenery and enjoy the season.
Traditional customs
Tomb sweeping. ②_______ On this day, the whole family gathers in front of their ancestral tombs. They offer fruit and wine to their ancestors and clean the weeds from around the tomb. Finally, they kowtow and pray, hoping for their ancestors' blessing for the rest of the year.
Spring outing. The time around the Qingming Festival is one of the most suitable seasons for a spring outing, as plants are thriving and flowers are blooming. People can have a great time outdoors with their friends and family. ③_______
Traditional food
Qingtuan, a green rice ball tiny enough to fit into your hand, is also called Qingmingguo or Aiguo. ④_______ It is a mixture of sticky rice powder and green vegetable juice. Stuffed with sweetened bean paste, Qingtuan tastes sweet with the fresh fragrance of Aicao, a green spring vegetable. In celebration of Qingming, people from Shaanxi make steamed buns, known as Huamo, made into different shapes.
⑤_______ Some are for peaceful family life while others represent the wish for health.
A. With each distinct look comes a good blessing.
B. The tradition of tomb sweeping originates from the Qin Dynasty.
C. The two main activities over the festival include tomb sweeping and going on a spring outing.
D. Family members gather together to celebrate and taste the food.
E. Playing football and flying kites are popular activities.
F. Many traditional customs are practiced to show respect for our ancestors.
G. It is popular in the southern regions of the Yangtze River.
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：fixed
解析：考查独立主格结构。句意: 他在课上专心听讲, 眼睛盯着黑板。分析句子结构可知, his eyes _____(fix) on the blackboard为独立主格结构, fix和his eyes是逻辑上的动宾关系, 故空处应用过去分词。"fix one's eyes on..." 为固定用法, 表示"把双眼集中在……上"。
2.答案：happier
解析：考查比较级。根据句意可知,空处应用比较级,表示最高级含义。
3.答案：As
解析：考查连词。句意:随着年龄的增长,你需要承担更多的责任。分析句子结构可知,此处应用As引导时间状语从句,表示主从句中的动作同时发生。
4.答案：On/Upon
解析：考查介词。on/upon(doing) sth.表示"一……就……",常在句中作时间状语。
5.答案：it
解析：考查it的用法。当make的宾语为动词不定式时，通常用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语，并把动词不定式放在后面，构成"make + it +adj./n.+ to do sth."结构。
6.答案：with
解析：考查固定搭配。be covered with sth.为固定搭配,意为"被……覆盖"。故填with。
7.答案：is
解析：考查主谓一致。the number of...意为"……的数量","the number of+可数名词复数"作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
8.答案：promotion
解析：考查词形转换。根据空前的his可知,空处应用名词,且此处表示"晋升",故填promotion。
9.答案：would be rewarded
解析：根据句意可知，"得到回报"是将来要发生的事情，应该用一般将来时；efforts和reward之间是被动关系，故应使用被动语态。
10.答案：on
解析：句意: 有四个警卫值班, 但他们太累了, 一个个都睡着了。on duty"值班; 上班"。
二、翻译句子
11.答案：It is every Chinese citizen's duty to protect traditional Chinese customs from being forgotten.
12.答案：Jim still remembers the happy times spent with his students even if so many years have passed.
13.答案：Every athlete tried his best for a gold medal, hoping to win glory for his country.
14.答案：In the front of the lecture hall stands the speaker.
15.答案：Festivals help us understand where we come from, who we are and what we should appreciate.
三、阅读理解
16.答案：C
解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"And every spring they get the soil ready to plant flowers and vegetables in the school garden"可知，孩子们每年春天要在学校花园里种植花和蔬菜。
17.答案：D
解析：考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"After that, they know it is their job to respect the Earth just like they want others to respect their home"可知，其目的在于让孩子们知道尊重地球的重要性。
18.答案：A
解析：考查观点态度。根据最后一段中的"But do these young children really get the message that their teachers try to communicate Ms. Boker says yes"可知，Boker女士对这种教学方法持肯定态度。
19.答案：D
解析：考查主旨大意。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的"But one school in Potomac, Maryland tries to honor Earth Day every day. Very young children are learning about the environment and taking action to show their love for the Earth"可知，D项正确。
四、七选五
答案：CBEGA
解析：①根据上文“Thus, the festival is called Qingming,” which means clean and bright.(因此,这个节日被称为清明节,意思是干净和明亮。)关键词为“the festival(节日)”,及下文“Tomb sweeping aims to commemorate family ancestors while going on a spring outing allows everyone the chance to enjoy the beautiful scenery and enjoy the season.(扫墓是为了纪念祖先,而踏青让每个人都有机会欣赏美丽的风景,享受这个季节。)”关键词为“Tomb sweeping(扫墓)”与“going on a spring outing(春游)”。选项G中的“the festival”与“two main activities”可分别与上下句关键词呼应。故选C。
②根据空前“Tomb sweeping(扫墓)”。本段中心是介绍清明习俗之一扫墓。选项B中的关键词“The tradition of tomb sweeping…(扫墓的习俗)”与本段中心一致。故选B。
③本句位于段尾。本段中心是介绍清明习俗之一春游。根据上文“People can have a great time outdoors with their friends and family(人们可以和他们的朋友和家人在户外度过美好的时光)”选项E中的“Playing football”与“flying kites”与其上一句中的“outdoors”呼应,且与本段中心一致。故选E。
④根据上文“Qingtuan, a green rice ball tiny enough to fit into your hand, is also called Qingmingguo or Aiguo.(青团是一种绿色的饭团,很小,可以放进你的手,也叫清明果或艾果。)”选项G中的it与上一句中的“Qingtuan, a green rice ball”是指代关系,且与下一句中的it指代一致。故选G。
⑤根据上文“In celebration of Qingming, people from Shaanxi make steamed buns, known as Huamo, made into different shapes.(为了庆祝清明节,陕西人会把被称为“花馍”的馒头做成各种形状。)”选项A中的“With each distinct look(每一个不同的样子)”与上句中的“different shapes”呼应,其中的“a good blessing”与下句中的“Some are for...; others represent...”呼应。故选A。
2Unit 1 Lights, camera, action!——2023-2024学年英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第二册大单元思维强化
大单元思维知识整合
一、重点单词
major (adj.) 较大的，较多的；主要的；主修的
majority (n.)大多数；大半
minor (adj.)较小的；次要的
minority (n.)少数；少数派/人/民族
major (v.)主修；主攻
despite (n.) 侮辱，伤害；轻视；(prep.) 不管，尽管，任凭
adapt (v.) 改编；（使）适合，适应
adaptable (adj.)有适应能力的；能适应的
adaptation (n.)改编本；适应
regard (n.) 缘由；注意；尊重；致意，问候；(v.) 注视；考虑；尊敬；注意；关系
regards (n.)问候，致意
regarding (prep.)关于；至于
solution (n.) 解答；解决方案；溶液；溶解
cure (n.)治疗，疗法；(v.) 治疗，治愈
typical (adj.) 典型的，有代表性的；特有的
typically (adv.)典型地；有代表性地；一贯地
scene (n.) 场面，现场；情景，景象
attach (v.) 系上，贴上，把……固定；附属，依附
attached (adj.)依恋的；附属的；附加的
attachment (n.)依恋；附件；连接物
prefer (v.) 宁可；更喜欢；提出；给予优先权
aid (n.) 援助；帮助；助手；辅助设备；(v.) 帮助，援助
familiar (adj.) 熟悉的；通晓的；冒昧的，随便的；(n.) 常客；密友
unfamiliar (adj.)不熟悉的
familiarity (n.)熟悉，通晓
preferable (adj.)更可取，较适合
preference (n.)偏爱，爱好；偏爱的事物
二、重点短语
1.a/the majority of 大多数
2.in the majority 占大多数/大部分
3.major in... 主修……
4.despite the fact that..尽管……
5.pull up
6.pull in(列车等)进站;(汽车等)靠边停下
7.pull out(列车等)出站
8.pull through(使)恢复健康;(使)渡过难关
9.set up
10.take steps to do sth.采取措施做某事
11.step by step一步一步地,逐渐地
12.out of step 不合拍; (想法)不一致
13.adapt to... 适应……；适合……
14.adapt oneself to… 适应……
15.adapt... from... 根据……改写/改编……
16.adapt... for... 把……改编成……
17.in/with regard to关于；至于
18.a solution to... ……的解决办法（to为介词）
e up with/find/seek a solution 想出/找到/寻找解决方法
20.a solution to… ……的答案/谜底
21.a cure for… ……的治愈方法；解决……的措施
22.cure sb.治好某人
23.cure sth.治好（疾病）；解决（问题）
24.cure sb. of sth.治愈某人的某种疾病
25.be typical of... 是……的代表；是典型的……
26.It is typical of sb to do sth. 某人一向如此/做某事是某人的特征
27.on the scene在现场；当场
28.attach importance/significance/value to 重视……，认为……有重要性
29.attach oneself to 参加，和……一起，缠着
30.attach to 属于；与……有关
31.prefer doing sth./to do sth. 更喜欢做某事
32.prefer sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
33.prefer A to B 与B相比更喜欢A（to为介词）
34.prefer doing A to doing B 与做B相比更喜欢做A
35.have a preference for… 对……有偏爱
36.in preference to 而不是
37.with the aid of 借助于，通过……的帮助
38.carry/do/give/offer first aid 进行急救
39.in aid of 为了援助……；作为援助……之用
40.call in sb's aid 请某人援助
41.come to sb's aid 帮助某人
42.aid sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事
43.be/get familiar with... 熟悉……
44.be familiar to sb. 为某人所熟悉
45.pay attention to...注意……(to 为介词)
46.catch/attract one's attention 吸引某人的注意
三、重点句型
1. But, I do remember the first time I heard the sweetest voice in the wide world.(助动词do强谓语动词的用法)
2. Actually, the film you see on the screen is the product of a huge amount of hard work, most of which takes place behind the scenes.(介词+关系代词引导非限制性定语从句)
3. The Quidditch scenes in the Harry Potter films were made in this way with the actors jumping up and down in front of a green screen.(with的复合结构在句中作伴随状语)
四、重点用法
1. 助动词do强谓语动词的用法
do用于强调谓语动词时,意为"的确,确实,真的"。在谓语动词的原形前加助动词
do用来加强语气时,应注意如下几点:
（1）句子中不能有其他的助动词。
Do be careful with that vase!
务必小心那个花瓶!
（2）do可以有时态的变化,但只用于一般现在时和一般过去时,且只用于肯定句中。
He does speak well!
他的确讲得很精彩。
He did come but soon went back.
他的确来过,但很快就回去了。
（3）do还用于祈使句中表示强调。
Do come with us.
请一定要和我们一起去。
Please! Do be quiet for a moment!
求求你们!安静一会儿!
2. 介词+关系代词引导非限制性定语从句
（1）在定语从句中，当关系代词作介词的宾语时，可以把介词移到关系代词的前面。但为了使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。
This is the room in which we lived last year. = This is the room which we lived in last year.
这就是我们去年居住的房子。
（2）“介词+关系代词”结构中，关系代词只能用whom、whose或which，不可用that。当介词跟在动词之后，不前移时，关系代词可以用that。
The pencil with which he was writing was broken. = The pencil which/that he was writing with was broken.
他写字用的铅笔折了。
（3）含有介词的固定短语，短语一般不拆开，即不能转化成“介词+关系代词”结构。
Is this the book which she was looking for
这是她在寻找的那本书吗？（不能用...for which she was looking）
（4）关系副词when，where，why有时可以转化为“介词+关系代词which”结构。
I still remember the day when (on which) I first came to Beijing.
我还记得第一次来北京的那一天。
The factory where (in which) his father works is in the west of the city.
他父亲工作的那个工厂在城西。
2. The Quidditch scenes in the Harry Potter films were made in this way with the actors jumping up and down in front of a green screen.《哈利·波特》系列电影中魁地奇比赛的场景就是这样制作的，演员们在绿幕前上下跳跃。
3. with的复合结构在句中作伴随状语
（1）with的复合结构在句中多数充当状语，表示行为方式、伴随情况、时间、原因或条件；有时with的复合结构在句中也可以作定语。
The teacher came in with a book in her hand.
老师进来了，手里拿着本书。（作伴随状语）
The woman with a baby in her arms is my aunt.
抱着小孩的那个妇女是我的姑姑。（作定语）
（2）with复合结构有以下几种形式：
with+名词/代词+形容词/副词
with+名词/代词+介词短语
with+名词/代词+doing(现在分词表示主动动作，正在进行）
with+名词/代词+done(过去分词表示被动动作，已经完成）
with+名词/代词++to do(动词不定式表示动作即将发生)
with+名词/代词+名词
With you on the team, we have every hope of beating our opponent.
有你在队里，我们就非常有希望击败对手。
Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace
乞力马扎罗山是一座拥挤的山，络绎不绝的游客破坏了宁静的气氛，这是它应得的“美誉”吗？
With his mind concentrated on his work, he didn't notice my appearance.
他的心思集中在学习上，没注意我的出现。
With no one to turn to in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless.
在这么令人害怕的情况下没有一个可以求助的人，她感到很无助。
He died with his daughter a student.
他去世时，女儿还是个学生。
五、重点语法
1. 主谓一致
（1）主谓一致的概念及基本原则
所谓主谓一致就是指在句子中，谓语动词必须在“人称”和“数”上与主语保持一致。主谓一致涉及三个基本原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
①语法一致原则
语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系，主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；反之，谓语动词用复数形式。
My child has no intention of spending a vacation with me.
我的孩子不想与我一起度假。
My children have no intention of spending a vacation with me.
我的孩子们不想与我一起度假。
②意义一致原则
意义一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面上的语法标记。
主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数时，谓语动词用复数。
The only people who are interested in the book seem to be lawyers.
唯一对这本书感兴趣的人好像是律师们。
The police were hot on his trail.
警方正全力追捕他。
主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数时，谓语动词用单数。
No news is good news.
没有消息就是好消息。
Billiards is becoming more and more popular in some cities.
桌球在一些城市里越来越受欢迎。
③就近一致原则
就近一致原则是指当主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词组成时，谓语动词与它紧邻的名词或代词在“人称”和“数”上保持一致。
There is a square table and some chairs in the centre of the dining room.
餐厅中央有一张方桌和几把椅子。
Either your students or William knows this.
不是你的学生就是威廉知道这件事。
（2）并列结构作主语时的主谓一致
①由and 连接的两个名词作主语时，如果表示的人或物是不同的，或表示其他不同的观念时，谓语动词用复数形式。如果表示的是同一人或物、同一观念时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Mary and her sister are interested in playing chess.
玛丽和她的妹妹对下棋感兴趣。
The peasant and writer is making a speech in the meeting room.
那位农民作家正在会议室里演讲。
②由or、not only... but also...、either... or...、neither... nor…等连接两个词作主语时，谓语动词应遵循就近一致原则，与后面那个主语的“人称”和“数”保持一致。
Not only the students but also the teacher hasn't come.
学生们和老师都没来。
Either he or I am wrong.
不是他错，就是我错。
③由and连接两个被every，each，no等词修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Every boy and every girl was given a ticket.
每个男孩和女孩都得到了一张票。
Each hour and each minute is precious.
每一小时每一分钟都是宝贵的。
④当主语是单数的时候，即使其后有with、along with、together with、as well as、rather than、like、besides、but、except、in addition to等词引导的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式。
The manager together with some workers is visiting a foreign factory.
经理和一些工人在参观一家外国工厂。
My mother as well as my father has a key to the office.
我的母亲和我的父亲都有办公室的钥匙。
（3）单一名词作主语时的主谓一致
①有些学科名词如physics、maths、politics等在形式上虽然是复数形式，但其实质意义表示单数概念。它们作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Physics is my favourite subject.
物理是我最喜爱的学科。
②有些集体名词如class、family、team等既可以表示单数，又可以表示复数。这类集体名词作主语时，如果它们所表示的人或物是作一个整体来理解，谓语动词用单数形式；如果作为若干个体来理解，则谓语动词用复数形式。
Jack's family is a big one.
杰克的家庭是个大家庭。
My family are watching TV.
我的家人在看电视。
（4）其他情况的主谓一致
①“the+形容词”作主语时，当它表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式；当它表示个别的或抽象的概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The sick are taken good care of in this hospital.
病人们在这家医院得到很好的照顾。
The beautiful is loved by everyone.
美的东西人人喜爱。
②在“one of+复数名词或代词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
One of the men doctors is visiting the patient.
其中一位男医生正在看望那个病人。
③none of后接不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式；如果接复数名词，则谓语动词既可用单数，也可用复数。
None of the water from Lake Powell is used to irrigate the area.
鲍威尔湖的水没有被用来灌溉这一地区。
None of my friends have/has arrived yet.
我的朋友们都还没有到达。
④number of前加a表示“许多的；大量的”，其后接复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式；number of前加the表示“……的数量、数目”，其后接复数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。
A number of scientists are invited to attend the conference.
许多科学家获邀参加这次会议。
The number of wild animals is becoming smaller and smaller now.
现在野生动物的数量正在变得越来越少。
⑤“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/a large quantity of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数与名词的数一致，但“(large/huge) quantities/amounts of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
A large quantity of people need our help.
许多人需要我们的帮助。
Quantities of clothes have been bought for the children.
已经为孩子们买了大量的衣服。
⑥“many a/more than one+可数名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。“more than+数词+复数名词”作主语时，意为“……以上，谓语动词用复数形式”。
Many a boy is playing basketball on the playground.
许多男孩在操场上打篮球。
More than two children are naughty in my class.
在我班，不止两个孩子淘气。
⑦主语为表示距离、时间、长度、价值、金额、重量等的复数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Two miles is too far for the old man.
两英里对这位老人来说太远了。
Three years has passed.
三年过去了。
⑧定语从句中谓语动词的“人称”和“数”由先行词决定；若先行词是“one of+复数名词”，用复数形式，若是“the only one of+复数名词”，用单数形式。
I, who am old, have never seen such a thing.
我虽年老了，却从未见过这样的事。
He is one of the students who come from England.
他是来自英国的学生之一。
He is the only one of the boys in our class who speaks English well.
他是我们班唯一英语说得好的男生。
⑨动名词、不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，从句作主语时也用单数形式。
Learning English is not very difficult as long as you work hard.
只要你努力学习，学英语不是很难。
To do experiment is a good way to find out answers to questions.
做实验是找出问题答案的好办法。
⑩如果主语由分数、百分数或all of、some of、most of等短语限定，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词的“数”。
Two thirds of the students are interested in movies.
三分之二的学生对电影感兴趣。
Most of the money has been collected.
已经筹集了大部分的钱。
如果主语由“a kind/a sort/a type/kinds/sorts/types of+名词”构成，谓语动词常与kind、sort或type保持“数”的一致。
This kind of flower is very beautiful.
这种花很漂亮。
These types of cars are sold to other countries.
这些种类的车被卖到了其他国家。
大单元综合试题训练
一、语法填空
1. Students should involve themselves in community activities _____ they can gain experience.
2. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _____(wash) away each year.
3. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _____(be) tired of having one examination after another.
4. In addition to _____(give) a general introduction to computers, the course also provides practical experience.
5. The _____(major) of people now do their banking online due to its convenience.
6. This film is as interesting _____ that one, but their themes are totally different.
7. Tom promised to come to my birthday party and he _____ turn up yesterday.
8. The movie _____(star) the young actor is popular throughout the world.
9. Not only the students but also the teacher _____(want) to go climbing.
10. It is a world-famous actor _____ name escapes me for the moment.
二、翻译句子
11.我们最好选择一个他们俩互相帮助的场景。(scene)
________________________________________________________________
12.我坐在她旁边, 一路和她聊天到北京站。(next)
________________________________________________________________
13.我班已经不止一个人推荐你担任这个职位。(more than)
________________________________________________________________
14.明天他是否来并不重要。(matter)
________________________________________________________________
15.上个周末我第一次去农村野餐。(go)
________________________________________________________________
三、阅读理解
Do you still remember the scene in the famous movie Titanic, directed by Cameron, where Jack was frozen to death in the icy cold water so that Rose could survive on the floating door alone It broke many people’s hearts. Two decades later, people are still asking the question, “wasn’t there enough room on the door for both of them ” Cameron once responded by saying it wasn't a question of room, but buoyancy(浮力)—if both of them had tried to stay on the door, he argued, the whole thing would sink.
But several guys from "Mythbusters", an Australian-American science entertainment television program, decided to put the theory to the test themselves. They discovered that if Rose had took off her life jacket to the bottom of the door, there would have been enough buoyancy to keep both of them afloat.
"It was an artistic choice, the thing was just big enough to hold her, and not big enough to hold him," Cameron said. “I think it’s all kind of silly, really, that we’re having this discussion 20 years later. But it does show that the film was effective in making Jack so attractive to the audience that it hurts them to see him die. The film is about death and separation; he had to die. ”
Since Jack was doomed to die, Cameron said, it could have happened in a variety of different ways. It’s not about the door not being big enough: that’s just a practical method for his death. “Whether it was that, or whether a chimney(烟囱) fell on him, he was going down,” Cameron said. “It’s called art: things happen for artistic reasons, not for physics reasons.”
16. According to Cameron, why can’t audience accept Jack’s death
A. They are artistic people. B.They like the movie.
C. They love Jack. D.They are eager for truth.
17. What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. Jack died by accident. B.Jack's death was unavoidable.
C. The chimney fell on Jack. D.The door could make a difference.
18. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Jack Had to Die B.A Door of Life and Death
C. Audience Knew Better D.Science Behind Movie
19. Where can you probably find this article
A.A popular magazine. B.A movie poster.
C.A government report. D.A notice board.
四、七选五
Compared with watching a film at the cinema, watching a film at home is often more convenient, more comfortable, and less expensive. All you need to do is pick a great film, make your space ready, and prepare some delicious snacks. This article will give you some tips on how to select a film.
①_____ Maybe you want to enjoy your film by yourself, or maybe you want to watch with some friends or family members. It's up to you. Pay attention! Watching a film with others can be exciting. ②_____
Pick a film genre(类型). If you are watching alone, simply pick the genre that you're in the mood to watch. If you are stressed, a comedy could help you relax. If you want some excitement, go for a horror film. On the other hand, deciding on a genre as a group can be hard, particularly for diverse groups. When in doubt, pick a popular genre, like adventure or comedy. Search for available films within the genre. Search for films within your own collection, or take a look at the options online. For each film you consider, check out online reviews to get a better idea of the content and quality of the film. ③_____ This can take forever if you're not careful, and then you'll have less time to enjoy the film. Give yourself 20 minutes at most.
④_____ If you are watching a film with kids, be certain to check film ratings to help you find age appropriate content. While ratings can guide your selection, they aren't meant to provide all the answers. ⑤_____ Reading a couple of different online sources can help you determine whether a film is suitable.
Take turns or vote if you can't decide on a film. If you are enjoying your film with others, ask the people who are watching with you. If you can't reach an agreement, try taking a vote. If watching a film together is a regular event with your family or friend group, different group members can take turns picking the film each time.
A.You should do research on your own as well.
B.But you can feel free to choose your favourite one if you watch a film by yourself.
C.Decide if you want company.
D.Check film ratings if you are watching with children.
E.Prepare your space.
F.It also means that you could choose your favourite films.
G.Set a time limit for film research.
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：where
解析：考查定语从句。句意:学生们应该积极参与社区活动,在这些活动中他们能够获得经验。分析句子结构并根据句意可知,空处引导定语从句,指代先行词community activities且在从句中作地点状语,所以用关系副词 where。
2.答案：are washed
解析：quantities of后接可数名词的复数或不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词应用复数形式。wash away与主语之间构成被动关系,且根据时间状语each year可知,此处应用一般现在时的被动语态。
3.答案：are
解析：考查主谓一致和时态。句意: 不仅是我, 而且Jane和Mary也厌倦了接二连三的考试。当主语由not only...but also...连接时, 谓语动词要和最近的主语(Jane and Mary)保持一致; 又由本句为一般性的陈述, 故本句用一般现在时, 故空处填are。
4.答案：giving
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意: 除了对计算机作大致的介绍外, 这门课程还提供实践经验。in addition to表示"除......之外(还)", 其后跟动词-ing形式或名词等, 故填giving。
5.答案：majority
解析：考查词形转换。句意:由于方便,大多数人现在都在网上办理银行业务。根据空前的The和空后的of 可知此处应用所给词的名词形式majority。
6.答案：as
解析：考查固定结构。as...as...结构中第一个as为副词,修饰形容词或副词的原级,第二个as为连词,引导状语从句,从句中常常省去同主句相同的部分。
7.答案：did
解析：考查强调。强调谓语动词应用助动词do/ does/ did。又根据时间状语yesterday可知,此处应用did。
8.答案：starring
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:由这个年轻演员主演的这部电影风靡全世界。star在此处作动词,意为"由……担任主角",和The movie之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,所以用动词-ing形式短语充当后置定语。
9.答案：wants
解析：句意：不仅学生们而且老师也想要去爬山。not only...but also...连接并列主语时谓语动词遵循就近一致原则，根据the teacher可知，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
10.答案：whose
解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处指人,且在定语从句中充当定语,故填whose。
二、翻译句子
11.答案：We'd better choose a scene where the two of them help each other.
12.答案：I sat next to her, chatting with her all the way to Beijing Station.
13.答案：More than one person in my class has recommended you for this position.
14.答案：It doesn't matter whether he will come tomorrow.
15.答案：I went on a picnic in the countryside for the first time last weekend.
三、阅读理解
16.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的But it does show that the film was effective in making Jack so attractive to the audience that it hurts them him die. the film is about death and separation; he had to die.(但这确实表明,这部电影有效地让杰克对观众如此有吸引力,以至于看到他死去,观众都会很伤心。这部电影是关于死亡和分离的;他必须死。)可知根据Cameron的说法,Jack对观众很有吸引力,以至于看到他死去,观众都会很伤心,说明观众爱Jack所以不能接受Jack的死。故选C项。
17.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。由最后一段中的Since jack was doomed to die, Cameron said, it could have happened in a variety of different ways. It's not about the door not being big enough: that's just a practical method for his death. Whether it was that or whether a chimney(烟囱) fell on him, he was going down," Cameron said.(卡梅伦说,既然杰克命中注定要死,那就可能以各种不同的方式发生。不是门不够大,那只是他死的一种实用方法。"不管是那个,还是烟囱倒在他身上,他都要倒下,"卡梅伦说。)可知根据 Cameron的说法,Jack不管怎么样都必须死,只是死的方式不同,说明Jack的死是不可避免的。故选B项。
18.答案：A
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知,文章讲述了电影《泰坦尼克号》中Jack因为救Rose而死,但是二十年后人们仍在纠结Jack是否真的非死不可这个问题,甚至有人专门进行了试验并把结果提交给电影导演 Cameron。对此,Cameron的看法是Jack非死不可,并给出了理由。可知文章主要讲电影《泰坦尼克号》中的Jack非死不可,A项Jack不得不死符合文意,最适合作文章标题。故选A项。
19.答案：A
解析：文章出处题。第一段讲"20年后人们仍然在问这样一个问题:难道门上没有足够的空间容纳他们两个人,Jack必须要死吗 "第二段讲科学娱乐电视节目"Mythbusters"的几个人做了实验,发现如果Rose把救生衣脱到门的底部,就会有足够的浮力让他们两人都浮起来,说明Jack没必要死",第三四段讲"Cameron认为Jack非死不可并给出了理由",由此可知,本文是关于电影人物的探讨,可在一本受欢迎的杂志上看到。A.a popular magazine一本受欢迎的杂志;B.A movie poster电影海报;C.a government report一份政府报告;D.A notice board布告。故选A项。
四、七选五
答案：①-⑤ CBGDA
解析：①根据本段内容可知, 该段主要是说看电影之前先决定独自观影还是和家人、朋友一起。
②根据上一句内容和B项中的"But"可知, 此处应该是讲独自观影的好处, 故选B项。
③根据该段最后两句可知, 该空内容应该跟选择影片花费的时长相关, 故选G项。
④根据本段内容可知, 该段讲的是和孩子一起观影时要参考影片评级来选择, 故选D项。
⑤根据本空前一句可知, 选择影片时不能只看评级, 还要自己进行相关搜索, 故选A项。
2Unit 2 Be sporty, be healthy——2023-2024学年英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第二册大单元思维强化
大单元思维知识整合
一、重点单词
satisfaction (n.) 满足，满意；欣慰
satisfy (v.)使满意，使满足
satisfied (adj.)满意的，满足的
satisfying (adj.) 令人满意的
satisfactory (adj.) 令人满意的
hesitate (v.) 踌躇，犹豫；说话吞吞吐吐
hesitant (adj.)犹豫的
hesitation (n.) 犹豫
exist (v.) 存在；生存，生活
existence (n.)存在；生活
breathe (v.) 呼吸；吐露；散发香气
breath (n.)呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气
breathless (adj.) 喘不过气来的；屏息的
inspire (v.) 鼓舞，激励；赋予灵感；启迪
inspiration (n.)灵感；鼓舞人心的人（或事物）；启发灵感的人（或事物）
inspiring (adj.)鼓舞人心的，激励的；启发灵感的
announce (v.) 宣布；声称；（广播）通知
announcer (n.) 播音员，广播员
responsible (adj.)负责的，有责任的
responsibility (n.)责任；义务
respond (v.)作答，回应；作出反应
replace (v.) 取代，代替；替换
replacement (n.) 替换，更换；替代品；（尤指工作中的）接替者
position (n.) 位置，方位；姿势；职位；(v.) 安置；把…放在适当位置
admit (v.) 承认；准许进入；准许加入
admission (n.) 承认，招认；准许加入；入场费
congratulation (n.) 祝贺
congratulate (v.)向（某人）道贺；（因某事）为自己感到高兴/自豪
assume (v.) 假定；臆断；采取；承担
assumption (n.) 假定，假设
assuming (conj).假如，假设……为真
tend (v.) 趋向；倾向；照料
tendency (n.)趋向；倾向
reduce (v.) 缩减，减小；简化
reduction (n.)减少，缩小，降低
stretch (n.) 一片；连续的一段时间；(v.) 伸展；使变大，撑大；延伸；(adj.) 可伸缩的
lack (n.) 缺乏，不足；(v.) 缺乏，不足
lacking (adj.)不足的；缺少的
二、重点短语
1.to one's satisfaction=to the satisfaction of sb. 令某人满意的是
2.with satisfaction 满意地；欣慰地
3.be satisfied with... 对……感到满意
4.hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事
5.hesitate about/over (doing) sth. 对（做）某事犹豫不决
6.without hesitation 毫不犹豫地
7.have no hesitation in doing sth. 毫不犹豫地做某事
8.exist in… 存在于……之中
9.exist on... (=live on...) 靠……生存
10.in existence 现存的，现有的
11.bring … into existence 使……存在，使……出现
12.come into existence (=come into being) 产生，成立
13.breathe deeply 深呼吸
14.breathe in/out 吸气/呼气
15.take a deep breath 深吸一口气
16.out of breath 喘不上气
17.hold one's breath 屏住呼吸；屏息以待
18.inspire sb. (to sth.) 鼓励某人（某事）
19.inspire sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
20.inspire sb. with sth.= inspire sth.in sb. 使某人产生……
21.announce sth. to sb.= announce to sb. sth. 向某人宣布某事
22.It's announced that… 据宣布……
23.make an announcement发表公告
24.no response 没有反应
25.make response to 对……作出回应
26.response to sb/sth 回答，答复（某人/某事）
27.be responsible for 对……负责
28.take responsibility for 对……负责任
29.replace A (with/by B) （用B）接替/取代A
30.in position 在适当/应在的位置
31.out of position 不在适当/应在的位置
32.in the position of 处在……位置上
33.hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事
34.hesitate about/over (doing) sth. 对（做）某事犹豫不决
35.without hesitation 毫不犹豫地
36.admit (to) sth. 承认某事
37.admit (to) doing sth./having done sth. 承认做了某事
38.admit… to/into…. 准许……进入……；准许……加入……
39.be admitted to/into… 被……录取；被……接纳；成为……的一员
40.congratulate sb. on sth.因某事向某人道贺
41.congratulate oneself on sth.因某事为自己感到高兴/自豪
42.assume sb./sth. to be +n./adj.认为某人/某物是……
43.assume that… 假设……；认为……
44.It is (generally) assumed that… 人们（普遍）认为……
45.make an assumption 假定
46.on the assumption that… 假定……
47.tend to do sth. 常常会做某事，往往会做某事
48.tend to/towards… 趋向……，趋于……
49.tend (to) sb./sth. 照料/照管某人/某物
50.have a tendency to do sth.有做某事的倾向
51.reduce… (from…) to… 把……（从……）减少到……（to 之后接减少后的量）
52.reduce…by... ……减少了……（by 之后接减少的程度或幅度）
53.stretch out/stretch oneself out 躺下（通常为休息或睡觉）
54.stretch to 足够买
55.stretch out one's hand 伸出某人的手
56.stretch one's legs（久坐之后）散散步，活动活动腿脚
57.stick with 紧跟，不离开（某人，以便得到帮助）；持续，坚持
58.stick around 不走开；待在原地
59.stick at sth 坚持不懈地做某事
60.stick by 信守，遵守，贯彻（承诺、计划等）
61.stick in one's mind 经久不忘；铭记在心
62.stick to... 坚持……
63.for lack of 因缺少
64.lack(for)nothing 什么也不缺
65.lack for... 缺少……
66.be lacking in （在抽象事物方面）缺少……
三、重点句型
1. When my friend first suggested that we join the new Tai Chi Club at school, I hesitated. (When引导的时间状语从句)
2. After the first class, however, I had to admit that I had been wrong about tai chi. (that 引导的宾语从句作admit的宾语)
3. When you plan an exercise routine, the first thing to consider is what you expect to improve: heart and lung efficiency, muscle strength or flexibility. ( what引导的表语从句)
4. To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising. (when/while +现在分词)
四、重点用法
1. when/while +现在分词（短语）
“when/while +现在分词（短语）”结构是时间状语从句的省略形式。该省略结构的使用条件：
（1）从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it；
（2）从句谓语中含有be动词；
（3）从句的主语与谓语动词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。
Don't listen to music when (you are) doing your homework.
做作业的时候不要听音乐。
While (I was) waiting for the train, I was reading a daily newspaper.
我一边等火车，一边读着一份日报。
注意：当从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it，从句谓语中含有be动词，且从句的主语与谓语动词之间为动宾关系时，可省略从句的主语和be动词，用“when/while +过去分词（短语）”结构。
The palace looked splendid when (it was) completed!
那座宫殿落成时看起来金碧辉煌！
五、重点语法
1. 现在进行时的被动语态
（1）现在进行时的被动语态的结构：
当把现在进行时的主动语态的句子变为被动语态时，往往在be动词后加上一个being来体现现在进行时，然后再把动词的现在分词形式变成过去分词来表示被动，即：be (am/is/are) + being + done。
肯定结构 be (am/is/are) being done
否定结构 be (am/is/are)+ not + being done
一般疑问结构 be (am/is/are) +主语+being done
特殊疑问结构 特殊疑问词+be(am/is/are)+主语+being done
（2）现在进行时的被动语态的用法：
①表示正在进行或发生的被动动作。
②表示现阶段或目前这段时间正在进行的被动动作，但这一被动动作在此时不一定正在发生。
③表示按计划、安排主语将要承受某个动作。
④表示一种经常性或习惯性的被动行为，常与always，forever，continually，constantly等词连用,往往带有赞扬、责备、厌烦及埋怨等感彩。
【注意】
主动语态变被动语态的原则：
“三变”：主语变为by短语，宾语变为主语，谓语由主动变为被动；
“三不变”：原句意思不变，原句时态不变，原句主谓宾以外的成分不变。
They are building nine parks. → Nine parks are being built by them.
2. 现在完成时的被动语态
（1）现在完成时的被动语态的构成：
现在完成时的被动语态的结构为has/have been done，使用has been done时主语为单数，使用have been done时主语为复数。
（2）现在完成时的被动语态的含义：
现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动动作，它有两层意思：
①动作已完成，强调对现在造成的影响或结果。
②主语和谓语动词之间为被动关系。
（3）现在完成时的被动语态的用法：
①用于不知道动作的执行者是谁时。
②用于动作的执行者是泛指或不言自明时。
③用于可以说出动作的执行者，但动作的承受者是谈话中心或特别需要强调时。
④用于动作的执行者不是人时。
⑤用于出于礼貌、委婉而避免提及自己或对方时。
（4）现在完成时的被动语态的各种句式：
肯定式 主语+have/has been done
否定式 主语+have/has not been done
一般疑问式 Have/Has＋主语+been done
特殊疑问式 疑问词+have/has+主语+been done
（5）现在完成时的主动语态变被动语态：
①只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
We have built many houses in the past ten years.（主动）
→Many houses have been built in the past ten years.（被动）
②带有双宾语的动词，如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，pay，lend，pass，promise等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。
We have given him a book.（主动）
→He has been given a book.（被动）
→A book has been given to him.（被动）
③带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾语补足语成为主语补足语。原来省略to的不定式作宾语补足语的，被动语态中要用带to的不定式。
I found him lying on the floor.（主动）
→He was found lying on the floor.（被动）
大单元综合试题训练
一、语法填空
1. It is reported that many a new house _________(build) at present in the disaster area.
2. A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it ________(base) on trust and existing relationships.
3.With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _____(wash) away each year.
4.With the development of science, more new technology ________(introduce) to the fields of IT.
5.While _____(wait) for my turn to do something, I often read to kill time.
6.These new discoveries have broken new ground in the ________(explore) of space.
7.A student will spare no effort to study because of others' ______(inspire) words.
8.She has had a number of different jobs, _______(range) from chef to swimming instructor.
9.Don't run ________ your hands in your pockets, or you may fall over.
10.Many experts suggest that more attention ________(pay) to the mental health education nowadays.
二、翻译句子
11.这个地区的公共利益正受到当地政府的重视。(take)
________________________________________________________________
12.许多新的现代化设施已经运送到了我们学校。(deliver)
________________________________________________________________
13.到现在为止, 我们所有的健身课程已全部更新。(update)
________________________________________________________________
14.信不信由你,他的确在冲浪比赛中获得了冠军。(do表强调,champion)
________________________________________________________________
15.听到我们队赢得比赛的消息是多么令人兴奋啊!(感叹句)
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三、阅读理解
From McDonald's to Sonic, fast food had a bad effect on my waistline and my budget(预算). It was so easy to use my card for a small purchase(购买). For me, I got a lot of satisfaction from fast food.
One day I realized that I was spending $40 a week on fast food. This was a lot of iced coffee and hamburgers! I decided to give myself a tight budget to reduce my consumption. Every Monday I placed an envelope with $20 in my purse. That was my fast food budget for the whole week. If there was anything left over at the end of the week, it would be mine to save or spend. If I spent all of the money during the week, there would be no more fast food that week.
The budget made me more mindful of my purchases. Instead of purchasing a large drink from Sonic, I would purchase a small one. It was still satisfying but not nearly as expensive. Instead of eating a whole meal, I would pick the part that I actually wanted. I never really felt unhappy because it was a wise choice to spend or save with each purchase.
The envelope budget kept me honest. I had a clear idea how much money was spent each week on fast food purchases. I started to bring my lunches more often to save more money for the week. It was a fun challenge to see how much I could save every week.
Changing the way I spent money on fast food not only helped my budget, but watched my weight. Now I am more likely to bring my lunch than to buy it. I am not upset, but allowed to make positive choices to improve my life.
16.What can we know about the author from Paragraph 1
A. She was fond of fast food very much.
B. She had no time to cook for herself.
C. She lived with a small amount of money.
D. She got some benefits from using her card.
17.Why did the author set her envelope budget
A. To buy fast food at a bargain price.
B. To save money to buy more fast food.
C. To get out of the habit of eating fast food.
D. To make fast food spending under control.
18.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. It is hard to enjoy a healthy lifestyle.
B. It is unusual to make some changes.
C. The envelope budget is good for health.
D. The budget means the pressure from life.
19.What is the passage mainly about
A. Why the author became addicted to fast food.
B. How fast food controlled the author's behavior.
C. How the envelope budget changed the author's life.
D. Why the author took the envelope budget seriously.
四、七选五
①______ The legendary volleyball coach Lang Ping gave the answer in the recent documentary(纪录片) The Iron Hammer.
The documentary displays Lang's inspiring journey from her gold medal victory as a volleyball player in the 1984 Olympics to her amazing career as a successful coach for both Team USA from 2005 to 2008 and China since 2013. She was the first person to win Olympic volleyball gold as a player and coach. Lang Ping revealed the secret to such remarkable achievements in the documentary. As she said, "②______"
③______ Troubled by severe injuries to her cervical vertebra, back, waist and knees, caused by intense exercise and hard work, the 60-year-old has undergone more than 10 surgeries. "No parts of my body function well," she joked.
But illness is certainly not the only difficulty Lang has faced. In 2005, she struggled with balancing raising her daughter Lydia Bai Lang, who lived in the US, and her coaching career. She eventually decided to work for USA Volleyball that year. ④______ "I'm proud of being Chinese." Lang responded in an interview. Later she returned to head the Chinese women's volleyball team in 2013, leading the team successfully defending its World Cup crown with a perfect record of 11 straight wins last year.
There is no doubt that Lang is one of the greatest players and coaches in history. As an American athlete commented in the documentary. ⑤______
A.Who is Lang Ping
B.Lang is the hardest to defeat.
C.I believe volleyball was my life.
D.What makes one a great person
E.Glory and challenges go hand in hand.
F.Lang Ping is like Michael Jordan in our minds.
G.This decision aroused a lot of negative comments in China.
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：is being built
解析：句意: 据报道, 灾区现在正在建许多新房。根据at present可知, 应用现在进行时, house与build之间为被动关系, 故用现在进行时的被动语态。many a修饰名词时, 谓语动词用单数形式。
2.答案：is based
解析：句意：很多生意仍然是通过电话做成的，其中大部分都建立在信任和已有的关系上。much of it与base之间是被动关系，故填is based。
3.答案：are washed
解析：quantities of后接可数名词的复数或不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词应用复数形式。wash away与主语之间构成被动关系,且根据时间状语each year可知,此处应用一般现在时的被动语态。
4.答案：is being introduced
解析：句意: 随着科学的发展, 更多的新技术正在被引入信息技术领域。根据语境: 引进的动作是现阶段一直在进行的动作, 又因technology与introduce是被动关系, 故用is being introduced。
5.答案：waiting
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意: 在等待轮到我做某事时, 我经常读书来消磨时间。此处wait的逻辑主语为I, 两者之间为主动关系, 故用现在分词。
6.答案：exploration
解析：考查词形转换。句意:这些新的发现在宇宙探索方面开辟了新道路。分析句子结构可知,空处应用名词,意为"探索",故填exploration。the exploration of space意为"对宇宙空间的探索",为固定用法。
7.答案：inspiring
解析：考查词形转换。句意:一个学生会因为别人鼓舞人心的话语而不遗余力地学习。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰words,应用以-ing形式结尾的形容词,故填inspiring,意为"鼓舞人心的"。
8.答案：ranging
解析：考查非谓语动词。根据分析可知range要用非谓语动词形式在整个句子中做状语,这时逻辑主语是句子的主语she,它们之间是主动关系,因此要用现在分词形式,她有很多不同的工作,从厨师到游泳教练。
9.答案：with
解析：考查with复合结构。句意:跑步的时候不要把手插在口袋里，否则你可能会摔倒。分析句子结构可知，空处应填with，构成with复合结构，在句中作伴随状语，其中介词短语作宾语补足语。
10.答案：(should) be paid
解析：考查虚拟语气和语态。句意:许多专家建议现在应该更加重视心理健康教育。suggest引导宾语从句时,宾语从句通常用虚拟语气,即从句的谓语应用"should+动词原形",should可省略。又因attention与pay之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。故填(should) be paid。
二、翻译句子
11.答案：The public interest of this area is being taken seriously by the local government.
12.答案：Many new modern facilities have been delivered to our school.
13.答案：So far, all our fitness courses have been updated.
14.答案：Believe it or not, he did win the champion in the surfing competition.
15.答案：How exciting it is to hear the news of our team winning the game!
三、阅读理解
16.答案：A
解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"For me, I got a lot of satisfaction from fast food"可知,作者会从快餐中得到满足感,故可知她十分喜欢快餐。故A选项正确。
17.答案：D
解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"That was my fast food budget for the whole week. If there was anything left over at the end of the week, it would be mine to save or spend. If I spent all of the money during the week, there would be no more fast food that week"可知,作者设定了预算,以控制快餐支出。故D选项正确。
18.答案：C
解析：考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Changing the way I spent money on fast food not only helped my budget, but watched my weight"可知,作者通过设定预算不但减少了快餐开支,而且控制了体重。由此可推断,信封预算对健康有好处。故C选项正确。
19.答案：C
解析：考查主旨大意。由全文内容可知,本文主要讲述了设置预算是如何改变作者的生活的。作者通过设置预算,改变过去在快餐上花费过多的生活方式,不仅节省了开支而且控制了体重,懂得了做出积极的选择来改善生活。故C选项正确。
四、七选五
答案：①-⑤DCEGF
解析：①推理判断题。根据后句The legendary volleyball coach Lang Ping gave the answer in the recent documentary(纪录片) The Iron Hammer表示"传奇排球教练郎平在最近的纪录片《铁榔头》中给出了答案",可知表示"是什么造就了一个伟大的人"的选项D符合前后的逻辑关系,gave the answer和what的问句构成了问答的形式,故选D。
②推理判断题。根据前句The documentary displays Lang's inspiring journey from her gold medal victory as a volleyball player in the 1984 Olympics to her amazing career as a successful coach for both Team USA from 2005 to 2008 and China since 2013. She was the first person to win Olympic volleyball gold as a player and coach. Lang Ping revealed the secret to such remarkable achievements in the documentary表示"这部纪录片展示了郎平从1984年奥运会排球金牌到2005年至2008年美国队和2013年中国队成功教练的令人振奋的历程。她是第一个作为运动员和教练都赢得奥运会排球金牌的人。郎平在纪录片中揭示了取得如此显著成就的秘诀",可知表示"我相信排球是我的生命"的选项C符合前后的逻辑关系,volleyball是原词复现,故选C。
③主旨判断题。根据后句Troubled by severe injuries to her cervical vertebra, back, waist and knees, caused by intense exercise and hard work, the 60-year-old has undergone more than 10 surgeries表示"由于剧烈运动和艰苦工作,她的颈椎、背部、腰部和膝盖严重受伤,这位60岁的老人已经接受了10多次手术",可知表示"荣耀与困难相伴而生"的选项E符合前后的逻辑关系,上段叙述她的成就,本段说明她的伤痛,故选E。
④细节理解题。根据前句She eventually decided to work for USA Volleyball that year表示"她最终决定在那年为美国排球队工作",可知表示"这个决定在中国引起了很多负面评论"的选项G符合前后的逻辑关系,decided是原词复现,故选G。
⑤推理判断题。根据前句There is no doubt that Lang is one of the greatest players and coaches in history. As an American athlete commented in the documentary表示"毫无疑问,郎平是历史上最伟大的球员和教练之一。正如一位美国运动员在纪录片中评论的那样",可知表示"郎平在我们心目中就像迈克尔 乔丹"的选项F符合前后的逻辑关系,an American athlete和Michael Jordan是关联词,故选F。
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