Unit 2 Let's talk teens——2023-2024学年英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第一册大单元思维强化
大单元思维知识整合
一、重点单词
account (n.) 账单，账目；账户；存款；(v.) 解释；导致；报账
rent (n.) 租金；地租；(v.) 租用；出租
graduate (n.)大学毕业生(v.)毕业； (adj.) 毕业了的
volunteer (adj.) 志愿的(n.) 志愿者；志愿兵(v.) 自愿
figure (n.) 外形；体态；人物；数字；(v.) 计算；认为；描绘；象征
design (n.) 设计；图案；计划(v.) 设计；构思；计划；企图
expert (n.) 专家；行家；能手(adj.) 熟练的；老练的；内行的
performance (n.) 演出，表演；履行；执行
unique (adj.) 独一无二的；罕见的；独特的
press (n.) 报刊；新闻报道；新闻记者；新闻业；印刷机；出版社
eager (adj.) 热切的；热心的；渴望的，急切的
nest (n.) 巢，窝；安乐窝； (v.) 筑巢
anxious (adj.) （令人）焦虑的；挂念的；渴望的
shoot (v.) 射击；打猎；射门，击球
target (n.) 靶子；对象；目标(v.) 把…作为目标；瞄准
desire (v.) 渴望，想要，请求(n.) 渴望，欲望
view (n.) 看法，观点；视野； (v.) 把...视为；看待
calmly ad(v.) 平静地；冷静地，沉着地；宁静地
二、重点短语
1.cheer up
2.give an account of 描述
3.take account of sth.=take sth. into account 考虑到某事,把某事考虑进去
4.on account of sth. 因为;由于
5.pay/settle account 付账/结账
6.on no account/not on any account 决不
7.account for sth. 是……的原因
8.pay the rent 付房租
9.for rent 出租招租
10.rent sth. from sb. 从某人处租用某物
11.rent sth.(out)to sb. 出租(房屋、土地)等给某人
12.rent for sth. 以……出租;租金为……
13.graduate from.. 毕业于……学校
14.graduate in.. 毕业于……专业
15.university graduates 大学毕业生
16.a history graduate=a graduate in history 历史专业毕业生
17.a Yale graduate=a graduate of Yale 耶鲁大学毕业生
18.volunteer for sth. 自愿为某事效劳
19.volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事
20.do voluntary work 从事义务性工作
21.voluntary services/bodies/organization 义务性服务/团体/组织
22.official figures 官方数据
23.keep/lose one's figure 保持/破坏身材
24.keep a slim figure 保持苗条的身材
25.have a good figure 身材好
26.the key figures present at the meeting 出席会议的关键人物
27.figure out 弄明白,弄懂
28.leave the nest离巢；离家
29.be anxious to do sth. 急于做某事
30.be anxious for/about sb/sth. 担心/忧虑某人/某事
31.be anxious for sb to do sth. 渴望某人做某事
32.anxiously adv. 焦躁地，急切地
33.anxiety n. 担心；焦虑；渴望
34.shoot at… 朝……射击
35.shoot sb. in +表示身体部位的词 射中某人的……
36.shoot sb. a quick/sharp/warning look/glance 迅速地看/狠狠地瞪/警告地看某人一眼
37.shoot to fame 一举成名
38.a target for sb./sth. ……的攻击对象/目标
39.meet/achieve a target 完成/达到目标
40.hit/miss the target 中靶/脱靶
41.target sth on/at 把……对准
42.be targeted on/at 以……为目标；把……对准；旨在
43.have a desire for sth. 渴望得到某物
44.have a desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
45.desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
46.desire sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
47.desire that...(should) do sth. 渴望……
48.in one's view(=in one's opinion) 在某人看来
49.one's view(s) on/about sth. 某人关于某事的看法
50.take the view that… 持有……的观点
51.in view of… 鉴于，考虑到，由于
52.in view 在视线范围内
53.out of view 不在视野中
54.calm sb down 使某人平静下来
55.keep/remain/stay calm 保持镇静
三、重点句型
1. It was used for sudden emergencies, such as the time when Christine broke her arm and had to be taken to a doctor. (The time when…)
2. Whatever happened, we always knew we still had the Bank to depend upon.( whatever引导让步状语从句)
3. You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends, shooting up in height or getting left far behind.(现在分词短语作伴随状语)
4. On the other hand, when you are struggling to control your feelings, you wish they could be more caring and patient-sometimes they forget that growing up is a rough ride.(wish后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气)
四、重点用法
1. The time when…
该句型中 when引导的是一个定语从句，相当于in which，修饰the time。
There was a time when..."曾经一度有一个时期"，when 是关系副词，引导定语从句，修饰a time。
This was a time when.这是一个......时期。
There was a time when I felt lonely.有段时间我感到很孤独。
2. whatever引导让步状语从句
whatever意为“无论什么”，相当于no matter what。
wh-ever这类词引导让步状语从句时通常可以转换成“no matter+相应wh-词”。whatever, whoever, whichever 既可以引导让步状语从句,也可以引导名词性从句;whenever, wherever, however只能引导让步状语从句。
五、重点语法
1. 简单句及分类
（1）定义:包含一个主谓结构的句子。
（2）分类:简单句的五种基本句型。
第一种:主语+连系动词+表语(主系表)
The bike is new.这辆自行车是新的。
The map is on the wall地图在墙上
第二种:主语+不及物动词(主谓)
He swims. 他游泳。
The girl is drinking. 女孩在喝水。
第三种:主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾)
Children often sing this song孩子们经常唱这首歌。
第四种:主语+及物动词+间接宾语(人)+ 直接宾语(物) (主谓双宾)
She showed her friends all her pictures. 她向她的朋友们展示了她所有的照片。
第五种:主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(主谓复宾)
We keep our classroom clean.我们保持我们的教室干净。
2.并列句及分类
（1）定义:由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子，各句子的关系是平行并列的，相互没有从属关系。
（2）分类:基本句型:简单+并列连词+简单
(并列连词:表并列、递进或顺承关系and, both...and..., neither...nor..., not only…but also..., as well as；表选择关系or；表因果关系so, for；表转折 but, yet；表对比while等)。
Sam is late and his teacher is very angry with him.
萨姆迟到了，他的老师很生气。
He got up early this morning , but he failed to catch the bus
他今天早上起得很早，但他未能赶上公共汽车。
3.复合句及分类
（1）定义:由主句加上一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子
（2）分类:名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句宾语从句和同位语从句)，状语从句，定语从句。其中状语从句包括时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、比较状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、方式状语从句和让步状语从句九种。
That he can speak English is known to all.众所周知，他会说英语。(主语从句)
His suggestion is that we should stay calm.他的建议是我们应该保持冷静。(表语从句)
I don't know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车。(宾语从句)
I heard the news that our team had won.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。(同位语从句)
When he got home,he drank a cup of tea.到家时，他喝了一杯茶。(时间状语从句)
We must camp in the place where we can get water.我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。(地点状语从句)
If it doesn't rain tomorrow, I'll go to see my mother. 如果明天不下雨,我就去看我的母亲。(条件状语从句)
She was late because she missed the early bus.因为错过了早班公共汽车，所以她迟到了。(原因状语从句)
It's hotter in summer in Wuhan than it is in Beijing. 夏天在武汉要比在北京热。(比较状语从句)
He works so hard that he caught up with the other students.他学习非常努力,赶上了其他同学。(结果状语从句)
He sat in the dark so that he couldn't be seen.他坐在黑暗中,以便让自己不会被看到。(目的状语从句)
He acted just as if he were afraid.他装得好像很害怕的样子。(方式状语从句)
Even though he is eighty, he looks strong and healthy.他尽管八十岁了，但看起来强壮又健康。(让步状语从句)
This is the book that I want to find.这是我想找的那本书。(定语从句)
4. 现在分词（短语）作伴随状语
现在分词是一种非谓语动词形式，它通常与伴随状语一起使用，以表达一个动作或状态正在进行中。
常见用法:
（1）表示同步进行的动作
例如:She was cooking dinner while listening to music.
她边做饭一边听音乐。
（2）表示持续的状态
例如: The children were playing happily in the park.
孩子们在公园里开心地玩耍着。
（3）表示原因
例如: Feeling tired, she decided to go to bed early.
感到疲倦，她决定早点睡觉。
（4）表示结果
例如: Running fast, he caught up with the others.
他跑得很快，追上了其他人。
（5）表示方式
例如: She spoke softly, trying not to wake the baby.
她轻声细语地说话，尽量不惊醒婴儿。
（6）表示时间
例如: Walking home, she saw a beautiful sunset.
在回家的路上，她看到了美丽的日落。
5. wish后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气
（1）动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。
（2）若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；
（3）若表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用would / could+have +过去分词或者过（4）去完成时had done(注意这里的情态动词不能用should)；
（5）若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)+动词原形。
【注意】如果将wish改为过去式wished，其后that从句中的动词形式不变。
I wish I could be of some use.
我希望我能有什么用处。
We wish he didn't smoke.
我们希望他不吸烟。
I wish prices would come down.
我希望物价能降下来。
I wish the train would come.
我希望火车将会来。
I wished I hadn't spent so much money.
但愿我没有花这么多钱。
大单元综合试题训练
一、语法填空
1. He was about to tell me the secret __________ someone patted him on the shoulder.
2. Read this story， you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.
3.The murderer ______（shoot）in the back while he was trying to escape.
4. We should try our best to cheer _____ those people after the disaster.
5. Students are encouraged to take control _____ their own learning, rather than just depending on the teacher.
6. ______ response to your last letter, I am going to tell you something about my new school.
7. The giant panda, among many rare animals, is unique _______ China.
8. I hope it will turn fine this weekend and _______ every one of you will come to my birthday party.
9. Remember that the key to ________(achieve) success is to do your best to do everything well.
10. She's always arguing _____ her brother _____ which TV programme to watch.
二、翻译句子
11.我们都渴望听听史密斯夫人的讲话,因此让我们欢迎她。
______________________________________________________________
12.她的律师说这起案件是法国法律中的特例。
______________________________________________________________
13.你需要让父母明白你已变得比以前更独立了。
______________________________________________________________
14.为什么你不试试从我的观点来看事情呢
______________________________________________________________
15.专家所说的话和这个新设计密切相关。
______________________________________________________________
三、阅读理解
Kite surfing is a sport that takes place on the surface of the water, on top of boards that are similar in design to wakeboards（尾波滑水板）, with the surfer pulled by a kite. The popularity of kite surfing has grown, although it is rather difficult to master. Kite surfing uses the same equipment as kite boarding, but is generally given more to riding on top of waves, rather than on smaller lakes or other calm bodies of water.
Early experiments in kite transportation took place through the 19th century, and at the dawn of the 20th century Samuel Cody crossed the English Channel using kites and a small boat. Kite surfing itself, however, wasn't really born until the late 1970s. Beginning in that decade, more people became involved in using: kites for personal transport and sport. Kite technology itself advanced enormously during the 1970s, with kites becoming much more controllable.
The early kite surfing was rather accidental, but innovators continued to develop the technology to make it easier to control and safer. By the late 1990s, kite surfing was becoming popular off the coast of Maui, France and throughout the world. In 1997, a special kite system was built specifically for kite surfing, which helped kite surfing into the mainstream.
Because of the high speeds and the dangers, it is generally recommended that would-be kite surfers take at least a few basic classes to learn the fundamentals. The main attraction of kite surfing is the potential for amazing tricks. The kite allows the surfer to experience enormous jumps, flying through the air for large distances before hitting the water in a controlled fashion. Like skateboarding, kite surfing makes use of a number of board grabs, with complex tricks possible due to the long period of time the surfer can remain in the air.
16.What does the author mainly intend to tell us in Paragraph 1
A.What is kite surfing B.Where to go kite surfing.
C.How to enjoy kite surfing. D.Why people like kite surfing.
17.In the 19th century, people intended to use kite for _____.
A.sport B.experiment C.entertainment D.transportation
18.What can we know from the third paragraph
A.Kite surfing often leads to accidents.
B.Maui is home to kite surfing.
C.Kite control is the key to kite surfing.
D.Kite surfing came into being in the 1990s.
19.What is most charming for people surfing
A.Its potential for tricks. B.Its long time in the air.
C.Its speed across the water. D.Its big distance over the water.
四、七选五
How to Choose Extracurricular Activities
From sports to clubs to outside organizations, there are many activities to take part in outside the classroom. ①_______ Fortunately, it becomes quite easy once you figure out what you enjoy doing in general. With a little more careful thought, you can also choose an activity that interests you.
Think about your interests and know your advantages. Before you start considering specific(具体的) activities, take a step back. Think about what excites you and find your passions(热情). ②________ Now that you have a better idea of what you like to do in general, decide on those that you are good at. Ask yourself what skills they show. Then find activities that require the same ones. Make sure that you will enjoy yourself by choosing an activity that lets you shine.
③________ In addition to your interests and advantages, know what you would like to improve about yourself. Use activities as a way to make yourself better. Find out new challenges, without the added stress of having to earn good grades at them. You can use activities to develop general skills that you may not have.
Find out what activities are available(可用的) and look into each one. ④_______ If the website seems incomplete, talk with your teacher or parents. Also look for calendar details, such as start-and-end dates, plus event schedules, to make sure it won't get in the way of anything else going on in your life. Once you have a list of activities that match your interests, do a little research. ⑤________
A. Think about skills you want to develop.
B. This can make choosing one a little difficult.
C. Use your freshman year to explore your choices.
D. In this way, you will have a better idea of what to expect.
E. Also make sure that their culture is a good match for your own personality.
F. Use those to decide on activities that will keep you interested for a long time.
G. Search your school's website for a complete list of all the activities it provides.
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：when
解析：考查并列连词。句意为:他正要把秘密告诉我,这时有人拍了一下他的肩膀。be about to...when...是固定句型,意为“正要做……,这时……”。故填when。
2.答案：and
解析： 考查并列连词，根据句意并分析句子结构可知，这里是"祈使句+and+陈述句"结构，故填and。
3.答案：was shot
解析：句意：那个凶手在试图逃跑时被击中背部。The murderer与shoot之间是被动关系，再由“he was”可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。
4.答案：up
解析：考查固定搭配。句意:灾后我们应尽我们最大的努力使那些人振作起来。cheer up(使)振作起来。
5.答案：of
解析：考查介词。句意:学生被鼓励要自己安排学习,而不只是依赖老师。take control of.…为固定用法,意为"掌握/控制……"。
6.答案：In
解析：考查固定搭配。句意:作为对你上一封信的回复,我将告诉你关于我的新学校的一些情况,in response to"对……的答复", 是固定搭配。
7.答案：to
解析：考查介词。句意:在许多珍稀动物中,大熊猫是中国所独有的。be unique to..."是……特有的",其中to是介词。
8.答案：that
解析：考查名词性从句。句意:我希望这个周末将会是晴天并且你们每个人都来参加我的生日聚会。若一个动词后跟有两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句,第一个that可以省略,第二个及以后的that不可以省略。
9.答案：achieving
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:记住,获得成功的关键是尽最大努力把每件事做好。the key to...意为"……的关键",其中to是介词,后接名词或动词-ing形式。
10.答案：with; over/about
解析：考查固定搭配。句意:她总是为看哪个电视节目而和她哥哥争吵。argue with sb. over/about sth."就……与某人争吵"为固定搭配。
二、翻译句子
11.答案：We're all anxious to hear Mrs Smith's remarks, so let's welcome her.
12.答案：Her lawyer said (that) the case was unique in French law.
13.答案：You need to let your parents know that you have already become more independent than before.
14.答案：Why don't you try to see things from my point of view
15.答案：What the expert said is closely concerned with the new design.
三、阅读理解
16.答案：A
解析：段落大意题。根据第一段中的"Kite surfing is a sport... "以及"Kite surfing uses the same equipment..."等可知，本段是对风筝冲浪的概念进行解释。
17.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的"Early experiments in kite transportation took place through the 19th century"可知，风筝运输的早期实验贯穿了整个19世纪，所以当时的人们试图把风筝作为交通工具使用。
18.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的"but innovators continued to develop the technology to make it easier to control and safer"以及"In 1997, a special kite system...into the mainstream. "可知，风筝的控制是风筝冲浪的关键。
19.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的"The main attraction of kite surfing is the potential for amazing tricks. "可知，风筝冲浪最吸引人的地方是它潜在的惊人绝技。
四、七选五
答案：①-⑤BFAGD
解析：①上文"From sports to clubs to outside organizations, there are many activities to take part in outside the classroom.(从运动到俱乐部再到校外组织，有很多课外活动可以参加。)"提到了有很多的课外活动可以参加；下文"Fortunately, it becomes quite easy once you figure out what you enjoy doing in general.(幸运的是，一旦你知道你喜欢做什么，这就变得很容易了。)"提到了一旦知道自己喜欢做什么，就变得很容易。由此可知，设空处所填句意与下文存在转折关系。B项"This can make choosing one a little difficult.(这要让你选择一个可能会有点困难。)"中的this与上文对应，而difficult则与下文的easy对应。故选B。
②段首主旨句"Think about your interests and know your advantages.(想想你的兴趣，了解你的优势。)"提到了要想想自己的兴趣，了解自己的优势；上文"Before you start considering specific(具体的)activities, take a step back. Think about what excites you and find your passions(热情).(在你开始考虑具体的活动之前，先退一步。想想什么能让你兴奋，找到你的激情所在。)"提到了在考虑具体活动前，先想想什么能让自己兴奋，找到自己的激情所在；下文"Now that you have a better idea of what you like to do in general, decide on those that you are good at.(既然你对自己喜欢做什么有了更好的了解，那就选择你擅长的吧。)"提到了对自己喜欢做的事有更好的了解后，就开始选择自己擅长的。由此可推知，设空处应是与思考自己感兴趣的活动有关。F项"Use those to decide on activities that will keep you interested for a long time.(利用这些信息来决定哪些活动能让你长期感兴趣。)"与本段主旨相符，选项中的those与上文的"Think about what excites you and find your passions.(想想什么能让你兴奋，找到你的激情所在。)"对应。故选F。
③设空处位于句首，为本段主旨句。下文"In addition to your interests and advantages, know what you would like to improve about yourself.(除了你的兴趣和优势之外，你也要知道你想要提升自己的哪些方面。)"提到了除自己的兴趣和优势之外，也要知道自己想要提升的东西。由此可知，本段主要与"提升自我"相关。A项"Think about skills you want to develop.(想想你想要培养的技能。)"与本段主旨相符。故选A。
④段首句"Find out what activities are available(可用的)and look into each one.(找出哪些活动是可用的，并一一研究。)"提到了要找出可用的活动，并一一研究；下文"If the website seems incomplete, talk with your teacher or parents.(如果网站看起来不完整，和你的老师或父母谈谈。)"提到了如果网站看起来不完整，可以和老师或父母谈谈。由此可知，设空处是在建议去网站看看。G项"Search your school's website for a complete list of all the activities it provides.(在你学校的网站上搜索它提供的所有活动的完整列表。)"中的school's website与下文的the website对应。故选G。
⑤设空处位于段末，上文"Once you have a list of activities that match your interests, do a little research.(一旦你有了一个符合你兴趣的活动清单，做一些调查。)"提到了一旦有了自己的兴趣活动清单，可以做一些调查。由此可推知，设空处可能在谈这一建议的好处。D项"In this way, you will have a better idea of what to expect.(这样，你就能更好地知道接下来该期待些什么。)"中的in this way与上文do a little research对应。故选D。
2Unit 1 Back to School——2023-2024学年英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第一册大单元思维强化
大单元思维知识整合
一、重点单词
host (n.)主人；节目主持人；许多；主机；(v.)主办宴会；主持节目
contribution(n.)贡献；捐款；投稿
fortunately (adv.) 运气好地，幸运地
secondary(n.)副手，代理人；次要的人（或物）；(adj.)第二（次）的；第二位的，次要的；
focus(n.)焦点；焦距；中心；(v.)（使）集中；（使）聚焦
tip(n.)尖端，顶端；小费；(v.)（使）倾斜；给…小费
remind(v.)提醒；使发生联想；说...以提醒
proposal(n.)提出建议；提议，提案；求婚
exchange(n.)交换，互换，交流；兑换；(v.)交换，互换；交流；兑换
potential(adj.)潜在的；电势的；(n.)潜在性，可能性
senior(n.)较年长的人；高年级学生；上司；(adj.)较年长的；较高的；资历较深的
challenge(n.)挑战；怀疑；艰巨的任务；(v.)向……挑战；反对；需要；要求
dependent(adj.)依赖的→independent (adj.)独立的
independent(adj.)独立的→independence(n.)独立
think(v.)思考，考虑→thinking(n.)思维，思想；想法
advance(n.)进步，进展；前进，行进；(v.)发展，进步 →advanced(adj.)高级的，先进的→ advancement(n.)发展
balance(v.)同等重视；权衡重要性；(使)保持平衡；(n.)均衡，平衡；平衡能力→ balanced(adj.)平衡的；和谐的
improve(v.)改进；改善→improvement(n.)改进；改善；提高
dependent(adj.)依靠的；依赖的→independent(adj.)自主的，有主见的；自立的→independence(n.)独立； 自主
equal(adj.)相同的，相等的；平等的
potential (n.)潜力；可能性(adj.)潜在的，可能的
challenge(n.& v.)挑战；质疑
amazing(adj.)令人大为惊奇的，令人惊喜的
cute(adj.)精明的；漂亮迷人的
overdo(v.)做得过分
fake(adj.)假的
yogurt (n.) 酸奶
outfit(n.)服装
positive(adj.)积极乐观的；良好的，正面的
opportunity (n.)机会，时机
responsible(adj.)有责任，负责；可靠的
confidence(n.)信心，信任；把握
attitude(n.)态度，看法
二、重点短语
1. host family 寄宿家庭
2.junior high school初中
3.senior high school 高中
4.be the focus of attention 成为关注的焦点
5.the main focus of attention at the meeting 会议上关注的主要焦点
6.focus on/upon集中于/专注于
7.a tip on/for doing sth.（做）某事的建议
8.a useful tip 有用的建议
9.give/offer a tip付小费，给小费
10.remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某物
11.remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
12.remind sb. that… 提醒某人……
13.proposal for sth. 关于……的提议/建议
14.propose to sb. 求婚
15.propose to do/doing…计划/打算做……
16.in exchange (for. . . ) 作为交换，互换
17. exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交换某物
18.exchange A for B 以A换B
19.stick in sth. 陷入……，陷住；动不了
20.stick out 伸出；探出；醒目，显眼
21.as a result 结果；因此
22.result from 由……引起
23.result in 导致；造成
24.the potential for (doing) sth. 做某事的潜力
25.have the potential to do sth. 有潜力去做某事
26.potential danger/risk 潜在的危险
27.be senior to 比某人年长，比某人级别高
28.a senior officer/manager 高级军官/经理
29.a path to…通往……的小路
30.a concrete path混凝土小路
31.walk on a path沿小路前行
32.face a challenge 面对挑战
33.challenge sb. to (do) sth. 向某人挑战(做)某事
34.be positive about 对……有信心/积极乐观/充分肯定
35.be positive that... 对……有把握
36.make good/full use of 好好利用，充分利用
37.make the best of 充分利用，尽情享受
38.have an advantage over 比……有优势
39.spend time (on) doing sth. "花费时间做某事"
三、重点句型
1. Last year, I had the chance to study at a British secondary school as an exchange student.（不定式修饰名词作后置定语）
2. Although, there was not as much home-work as I was used to, it was still challenging.（Although 引导让步状语从句）
3. To fully realize your potential, it is important for you to make the most of our school resources.（it作形式主语，不定式作真正主语）
4. There are also a lot of school activities for you.（there be结构）
四、重点用法
1. chance to do…（不定式修饰名词作后置定语）
the chance to show yourself ( =the chance of showing yourself) 展示自己的机会
类似结构: the ability/opportunity/way + to do做……的能力/机会/方法
2. It作形式主语的用法
(1).it作形式主语，不定式作真正主语。
It is +adj. + (for sb.) to do sth.结构中，for前面的形容词通常是difficult, necessary, important, quick, easy等，多与事物的特征有关。
(2).It is +adj.+ (of sb.) to do sth.结构中，of前面的形容词通常是wise, kind, stupid
silly, bright, nice, good等，多与人的性格特点有关。
It's no use/no good doing sth. 做某事是没有用/无益的。
It's a pity/ a shame/ a wonder that. 可惜/遗憾/奇怪的是……
3. there be结构
there be结构表示“什么地方有什么东西”。there 是引导词，be后面的名词是主语。
(1)there be 结构有不同的时态形式：
there will be将有
there haven't been 还没有
there can't be不可能有
(2)there be结构中be可替换为remain, stand, lie, go, exist, live等表示存在的动词。
<注意>如果有两个或两个以上的主语，be 动词要采用“就近一致”原则。
There is a pen, two books, and many pencils on the desk. 桌子上有一支钢笔，两本书和许多铅笔。
五、重点语法
1. 同位语从句
(1)某些抽象名词如 fact, idea, doubt, order, hope, news, promise, truth, conclusion, wish, opinion, happiness 等后面，可以接同位语从句,解释该抽象名词的具体内容。
(2) that 在同位语从句中不作句子成分，没有实际意义，不能省略，也不能用 which 替代；如果同位语从句中意义和句子成分均完整，则用 that引导。
(3) 如果同位语从句意义不完整，根据从句表达的意义选取相应的连词：whether 是否(if不能引导同位语从句)；who谁；what什么；which哪一个；when何时；where何地；why为何；how如何。
2. 让步状语从句
(1) although 意为“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句，通常可与though 互换。(1) although/though/as均可引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可与yet，stil1 等用。
(2) although引导让步状语从句时，从句用正常语序。
(3) though 引导让步状语从句时，从句可以倒装也可以不用倒装。用倒装语序时，作表语的形容词或名词提至句首。
(4) as 引导让步状语从句时，从句要用倒装语序，把表语、状语或谓语动词中的实义动词提至句首。作表语的单数可数名词放在句首时，要省略冠词。
大单元综合试题训练
一、语法填空
1. They should not be too _____________(alarm) by the press reports.
2. Tim's life goal is to make contributions to ______（help）the poor in society.
3. They said they thought current technology was _____（advance）than they thought it would be.
4. _____（join）clubs was a great way to meet British students and make friends with them.
5. The two parties failed to come to terms by the end of the talks. The only agreement was _____（exchange）information.
6. He made a very positive _____（contribute）to the success of the project.
7. I was lucky enough to be invited to China _____ an exchange student when I was 17 years old.
8. What _____（attract）me most was a couple of tigers, especially the male in the zoo.
9. You should make your promise ___________(base) on what you can achieve.
10. Since the film Life of Pi was on, it ______（attract）more and more people around the world.
二、翻译句子
11.问题在于决定什么时候开始。
______________________________________________________________
12.看了海报后, 我迫不及待想看你今晚的表演。
______________________________________________________________
13.我发现充分利用时间是更有效率的。
______________________________________________________________
14.最后但同样重要的是, 防止你的情绪使你生病。
______________________________________________________________
15.该报提醒读者, 在战争的第一天, 就有4500名士兵阵亡。
______________________________________________________________
三、阅读理解
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula(芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much；I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, "food waste goes against the moral grain," as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story. It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from "ugly" (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, "if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world."
If that's hard to understand, let's keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time—but for him, it's more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished(有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don't think. "Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat, "Curtin says.
16.What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A.We pay little attention to food waste.
B.We waste food unintentionally at times.
C.We waste more vegetables than meat.
D.We have good reasons for wasting food.
17.What is a consequence of food waste according to the text
A.Moral decline. B.Environmental harm.
C.Energy shortage. D.Worldwide starvation.
18.What does Curtin's company do
A.It produces kitchen equipment. B.It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C.It helps local farmers grow fruits. D.It makes meals out of unwanted food.
19.What does Curtin suggest people do
A.Buy only what is needed. B.Reduce food consumption.
C.Go shopping once a week. D.Eat in restaurants less often.
四、七选五
I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but I have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day, and still feel happy and relaxed. ①_____
●Pick the most important.
②_____ Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. I chose the life of an adviser because I like to work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle I want.
●Combine your activities.
Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc. ③_____ Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people your work environment. Find people in your company who share common interests and develop your career(职业) around the people and activities you love.
●④_____
You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there.
●Lighten up.
The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining(改进) toward a happy productive existence. ⑤_____ Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.
A. Speed up.
B. Be an active learner.
C. Stop trying to balance time between them all.
D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.
E. The things you do well usually give you greater joy.
F. Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.
G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：alarmed
解析：句意:他们不应该被媒体报道搞得过于恐慌。此处作be的表语,故填形容词alarmed,意为“恐慌的”。
2.答案：helping
解析：句意：蒂姆的人生目标是为帮助社会上的穷人做贡献。Make contributions to中to为介词，后接名词或者v.-ing形式做宾语，因此填helping。
3.答案：more advanced
解析：考查形容词比较级。由than 可知用比较级。
4.答案：Joining
解析：考查动名词。根据语境可知，这里需要用动名词做主语。
5.答案：to exchange
解析：考查不定式做表语。根据语境可知，这里表示要做的事情，故用不定式做表语。
6.答案：contribution
解析：考查名词。句意：他为这个项目的成功做出了非常积极的贡献。由a可知需要填名词的单数形式。
7.答案：as
解析：考查介词。句意：当我17岁的时候，我足够幸运被邀请去中国做交换生。
8.答案：attracted
解析：考查动词时态。根据 was可知描述过去，而此处从句缺谓语，故用attracted。
9.答案：based
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:你应该做出基于你能做到的承诺。分析句子结构可知,此处promise和base是逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用动词-ed形式短语充当后置定语，修饰promise，故填based。
10.答案：has attracted
解析：句意：自从电影《少年派的奇幻漂流》上映以来，它吸引了全世界越来越多的人。根据时间状语从句“Since the film...”可知用现在完成时。
二、翻译句子
11.答案：The problem lies in deciding when to begin.
12.答案：After seeing the poster, I can't wait to see your show tonight.
13.答案：I find it more efficient to make full use of my time.
14.答案：Last but not least, prevent your emotions from making you sick.
15.答案：The paper reminded its readers that 4,500 soldiers were killed on the first day of the war.
三、阅读理解
16.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的最后两句可知，随着时间的推移，芝麻菜坏了，更糟糕的是，作者不假思索地买了太多东西；作者本可以用扔掉的东西做六份沙拉。由此可知，我们有时会无意中浪费食物。故选B。
17.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句可知，生产没人吃的食物会浪费种植食物所消耗的水、燃料和其他资源，这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。由此可知，食物浪费的一个后果是危害环境。故选B。
18.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Curtin is CEO...rotted in fields.”可知，该公司回收食物并将其转变为健康食品。它通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，回收了超过807500磅的食物，否则这些农产品会在地里腐烂。由此可推知，Curtin的公司把一些人们不想要的食物制作成可以吃的健康食物。故选D项。
19.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中Curtin 说的话可推知，Curtin建议人们只购买必需品。故选A项。
四、七选五
答案：FDCBG
解析：①空前提到作者能够充分利用时间, 并且感到开心和放松, 下文各段是作者就如何高效利用时间给出的几点建议, F项"也许这些建议将帮助你充分利用时间"承上启下, 符合语境。
②根据该部分小标题和空后内容可知, 作者在本段强调要将时间用于自己认为最重要且想做的事情上, D项中的"meaningful"与小标题中的"important"及空后的例子相对应, 故选D项"选出你生活中有意义的事情"。
③根据该部分小标题和空后的"Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner"可知, 作者不建议把时间分开来进行多项活动, 故C项"不要试图在它们之间平衡时间"符合语境。选项中的"them"指代上文中的"friends, family, work, play, etc."。
④空处为小标题。根据下文内容可知, 本段主要介绍了与学习有关的内容, B项"做一个积极的学习者"能够概括段落主旨。选项中的"learner"与下文中的"learning"的对应关系也是提示。
⑤根据空前的"Celebrate progress...a happy productive existence"和空后的"Every completion"可知, 空处内容应与列举或记录各项事物有关, 故G项"这就是列清单在任何有关生产效率的手册中都很重要的原因"符合语境。
2Unit 4 Looking good, feeling good——2023-2024学年英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第一册大单元思维强化
大单元思维知识整合
一、重点单词
immediately ad(v.)立即，马上；(conj.) 一……就
extreme (adj.)极端的；严重的；(n.)极端不同的感情(或境况、行为方式等)
nutrition (n.)营养
schedule (n.)日程安排，工作计划；时间表
external (adj.)外来的，外在的；外面的，外部的
concentrate (v.)集中(注意力、思想等)；全神贯注
concerned (adj.)担心的，忧虑的；关注的，关切的
effective (adj.)有效的；生效的
contribute (v.)是……的原因之一；捐赠，捐献；增加，添加
energetic (adj.)精力充沛的，充满活力的
pressure (n.)心理压力，紧张；压力；要求，催促
attack (n.)发作；攻击；抨击；(v.)攻击；侵袭；抨击
treatment (n.)治疗；对待，待遇；处理
strength (n.)优势；力量，力气；实力
achievement (n.)成就，成绩；达到，完成
skip(v.)不做(应做的事情等)；跳过；蹦蹦跳跳地走；略过
faint (v.)昏厥；(adj.)昏眩的；微弱的；可能性不大的
immediate (adj.)立即的,即时的
concerned (adj.) 有关的；关心的
memory (n.) 记忆力，记性；回忆；存储器，内存
addition (n.) 增加；增加物；加，加法
contribution (n.)贡献；捐款；投稿
contributor (n.)投稿人；捐款人；作出贡献者
memorize (v.)记住，记忆
concern (n.)担心，关心；重要的事； (v.) 涉及，与……有关系；使关心，挂念
二、重点短语
pass out 失去知觉，昏厥，醉倒
pass by经过；忽视
pass through经过，通过；经历
pass away (时间等)消逝，消失；死亡
pass down使世代相传，流传
pass on (用后)递给，传递；转交
concerned with/about 感兴趣的，关注的
concerned about/for关心的；担心的，忧虑的
concern about/for... 担心/关心……
concern oneself with/about （对……）感兴趣
skip school/class 逃学
skip over跳过；略过
skip over the details 略过细节
act immediately 立即行动
leave immediately 马上离开
immediately after/before………之后/之前立即……
immediately obvious能轻易看见；很容易理解
out of danger
go to extremes走极端
in the extreme 极度，非常
put sb. under pressure 置某人于压力之下
put pressure on sb.给某人施加压力
be/come under pressure to do sth.面临做某事的压力
air/water/blood pressure气压/水压/血压
the pressures of work 工作压力
contribute...to...向……捐赠；为……撰稿
contribute to sth/doing sth 造成/促成某事；是……的原因之一
make a contribution to (doing) sth 对……做出贡献
ahead of schedule 提前
on schedule 按时间表，准时
behind schedule 落后于预定计划
be scheduled for 预定；安排
be scheduled to do sth 预计做某事
launch/make an attack 发起/进行攻击
under attack 受到攻击
have/suffer a heart attack 心脏病发作
attack sb. with sth.用某物袭击某人
attack sb. for (doing) sth. 因（做）某事而抨击某人
in memory of 纪念……
from memory 根据记忆
beyond one's memory 某人记不得
in/within one's memory 在某人记忆中
short-term memory 短时记忆
treat sb. as … 把某人看作……
treat sth. seriously 严肃认真地对待某事
in addition (to sb./ sth.) 除……以外（还）
addition to sth. 增加某物
live up to
live by doing sth. 靠做某事赚钱为生
live on 继续存在/活着;依靠……生活
live through 经历(灾或其他困境)而幸存
live with 忍受容忍(不快的事)
live for 为……而活着
end up with...以……结尾(重以某种方式结束)
end up in...以……告终(侧重以某种结果结束)
end up as... 最终成为……
show off 炫耀，卖弄，使显眼
show up 出现露面(=turn up)
show sb. around/round 带领某人参观
show sb. in 引某人人内
have (a) talent for...在……方面有天赋
show (a) talent for...展现出……方面的天赋
三、重点句型
1. The target users will be people who do not know much about nutrition or who are too busy to spend time planning healthy meals.( too...to do...结构)
2. "Jennifer thought that skipping meals would be a simple way to reach her target weight," her friend Laura Williams told our reporter.( 动词不定式作后置定语修饰抽象名词)
3. Standards of beauty in the media can have a big influence on what you think of your physical appearance.( what引导的宾语从句)
4. In a society where being thin is often seen as being beautiful, teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slim down quickly.(where定语从句修饰抽象名词)
四、重点用法
1. "too...to do..."结构
该结构在多数情况下表示否定意义,意为"太……而不能做……"
(1)该结构中, too为副词，后接形容词或副词，不定式to do作结果状语。
The girl is too young to dress herself
这个女孩太小了,还不会自己穿衣服。
He walks too slowly to get there on time.
他走得太慢,不能按时到那里。
(2)不定式作结果状语，常用主动形式，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，若其逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则通常由 for引出不定式的逻辑主语。
The book is too difficult for us to read.
这本书太难了我们读不懂。(不定式的逻辑主语是us)。
2. where定语从句修饰抽象名词
当 point, stage, situation, case, scene, activity，position，job，degree，news，fact，atmosphere等抽象名词作先行词，关系词引导定语从句时，若在定语从句中作地点状语，应由 where引导定语从句。
The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work.
这家公司的老板正设法创造一种轻松的气氛，使员工们喜欢他们的工作。
注意：如果以上先行词在从句中作主语宾语表语，则用which/that。有些具体指物的名词如picture，book等，如果有地点的意义，且作状语，也用where。
I bought a nice book where there are some illustrations.
我买了一本里面有插图的好书。
五、重点语法
1. what引导的宾语从句
what引导的宾语从句的语序为陈述语序,what 在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
My mom tells me that I can't control what happens to me.
我妈妈告诉我,我不能左右发生在我身上的事。(北京高考)(what在宾语从句中作主语)
There are times when your heart is not in your work. This can affect your work. So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment.
有时候你的心不在工作上，这会影响你的工作。所以，慢下来，想想那一刻你真正想做什么。(what 在宾语从句中作宾语)
May I ask what your plans are
我可以问一下你的计划是什么吗？(what在宾语从句中作表语)
I want to know what color you like best.
我想知道你最喜欢什么颜色。(what在宾语从句中作定语，修饰color)
2. 关系副词引导的限制性定语从句
（1）定义：限制性定语从句是定语从句的一种，限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用，表现为先行词在意义上是不可缺少的定语，若省略，所修饰主句的内容就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不可用逗号分开。
限制性定语从句由关系词(关系代词、关系副词）引导，其中关系副词用以修饰表示时间、地点或理由的先行词，在从句中作状语。
This is the town where I was born.
这就是我出生的城镇。
We don't know the reason why he didn't show up.
我们不知道他为什么没有来。
（2）常见的关系副词
I'll never forget the day when I first met you.
我永远不会忘记第一次见你的那天。
What is the name of the village where we stayed yesterday
我们昨天待过的那个村子叫什么名字
The reason why he didn't come was unknown.
他没来的原因还不清楚。
①关系副词 where
where引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词（如place，room，house，spot，school，country等），在从句中作地点状语。
They went into the hall where the meeting was being held.
他们走进正在开会的大厅。
where既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以引导非限制性定语从句。
Galileo lived in the city of Pisa, where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high.
伽利略住在比萨城，那里有座大约180英尺高的斜塔。
关系副词where常可用“介词(in/on/at/from…) +which”来代替。
The office where (at which) he works is not far from here.
他工作的办公室离这儿不远。
Japan is the place where (in which) earthquakes frequently happen.
日本是地震频繁爆发的地方。
where有时还可用在“含有抽象地点意义的名词”后引导定语从句，如relationship“在……关系中”，situation“在……情况下”，point“达到……程度”等，这些词虽然不是表示地点的名词，但在从句中表达的是“某个点或状态”的含义。
We have reached a point where a change is needed.
我们到了必须改一改的地步。
He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.
他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。
辨析：
where 引导的定语从句和状语从句的区别
引导定语从句时，where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，其前有表示地点的名词作先行词，从句修饰先行词。引导状语从句时，where是从属连词，从句修饰主句的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的名词。
He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.（定语 从句）
他使自己陷入了一种危险的情况，他很可能会失去对飞机的控制。
When you read the book, you'd better make a mark where you have questions.（状语从句）
读这本书的时候，你最好在有疑问的地方做一下标记。
②关系副词when
when引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词（如 time，day，week，month，year等），在从句中作时间状语。
He came at a time when I least expected him.
他在我最意料不到的时候来了。
I'll never forget the day when I left for college with my father.
我永远不会忘记我和父亲动身去大学的那天。
when可以引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
We'll put off the trip until next month, when the weather may be warmer.
我们将旅行推迟到下个月，那时天气可能会暖和一点。
关系副词 when有时可用“介词(on/in/at...)+which”代替。
I still remember the day when (on which) I joined the Youth League.
我仍然记得我加入共青团的那一天。
③关系副词why
why一般只用于引导限制性定语从句，先行词是reason等表示原因的名词，在从句中作原因状语。
Do you know the reason why she burst into tears
你知道她突然大哭的原因吗？
关系副词why有时可用“介词(for)+which”代替。
The reason why (for which) he succeeded in the exam is that he worked very hard.
他这次考试成功的原因是他学习非常努力。
④注意：当先行词是表示时间的time，day等或表示地点的place，house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构。如果从句缺少主语或宾语，应用关系代词that或which；如果从句缺少时间状语或地点状语，应用关系副词when或where。
I'll never forget the days which/that we spent together.（which/that在从句中作 spent的宾语）
我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。
His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.（which/that在从句中作主语）
他父亲在一家生产无线电零件的工厂里工作。
The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. （where在从句中作地点状语）
我十年前住的房子已经被拆除了。
大单元综合试题训练
一、语法填空
1. She was _____(concern) that she might miss the turning and get lost.
2. Counseling is being given to those most _____(immediate) affected by the tragedy.
3. We have entered into an age ________ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
4. Students should involve themselves in community activities ________ they can gain experience for growth.
5. The little problems ________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
6. Over the last few decades, economic globalization has contributed greatly _____ global growth.
7. One of the men viciously _____(attack) police officers with a home-made weapon.
8._____(negative) thoughts will make room for more positive thoughts.
9. I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.
10. The next day, my brother and I went to the beach ______we watched some people play volleyball.
二、翻译句子
11.我曾一度认为他无法准时到达。
_________________________________________________________________
12.她就是我给捐钱的那位妇女。
_________________________________________________________________
13.在我们心中都有一个特别的位置,比如我们成长的家。
_________________________________________________________________
14.经常锻炼有助于预防心脏病。(guard against)
_________________________________________________________________
15.你要是有困难，尽管来找我们好了，我们很乐意帮忙。(turn to)
_________________________________________________________________
三、阅读理解
Gesturing with hands while speaking is a common human behavior, but no one knows why we do it. Now, a group of researchers reports that gesturing adds emphasis to speech—but not in the way researchers had thought.
Gesturing while speaking, or “talking with your hands”, is common around the world. Many communication researchers believe that gesturing is either done to stress important points, or to explain specific ideas, which you can think of as the" drawing in the air". But there are other possibilities. For example, it could be that gesturing, by changing the size and shape of the chest, lungs and vocal muscles, affects the sound of a person's speech.
Researchers decided to test whether this idea was true, or just so much hand waving. The team had volunteers move their dominant hand(优势手) as if they were cutting wood, while continuously saying "a" as in "cinema". They were instructed to keep the "a" sound as steady as they could. Despite that instruction, when the team played audio recordings of this to other people, they found the listener could hear the speaker's gestures. When the listener was asked to move their arms to the rhythm, their movements matched perfectly with those of the original speaker.
Because of the way the human body is constructed, hand movements influence torso(躯干) and throat muscles. Gestures are tightly tied to amplitude(振幅). Rather than just using your chest muscles to produce air flow for speech, moving your arms while you speak can add voice emphasis. And you can hear someone's motions, even when they're trying not to let you.
"Some language researchers don't like this idea, because they want language to be all about communicating the contents of your mind, rather than the state of your body. But we think that gestures are allowing the voice signal to carry additional information about bodily tension and motion. It's information of another kind," says UConn psychologist and director of the Center for the Ecological Study of Perception and Action James Dixon, one of the authors of the paper.
16. What does the underlined word "emphasis" in Paragraph 1 mean
A. A little humour. B. Some description.
C. Extra explanation. D. Special importance.
17. What does the study mainly research
A. Gestures' effects on voice. B. The ways to make gestures.
C. The skills of drawing in the air. D. Different gestures around the world.
18. Why can listeners "hear" speakers' gestures
A. Because gestures go with different amplitudes.
B. Because speakers and listeners are too familiar.
C. Because volunteers have the same dominant hands.
D. Because speakers give secret instructions in their speech.
19. Some language researchers disagree with the study because they think _____.
A. the body states can communicate thoughts
B. language is the only way to express oneself
C. the voice can carry body moving information
D. listeners can hear someone's motions if they like
四、七选五
Four Study Habits You Should Be Practicing
With exams, essays, projects, and many deadlines for different things, effective study habits are necessary. ①______. If you are in need of a bit of an improvement, keep reading for the top four study habits that you should be practicing.
Make and use flashcards.
②______. By using flashcards with a question on one side and the answer on the other, you will force your brain to recall the necessary information. Even if you struggle a bit with a card, you will still be actively revising the necessary material.
Revise, revise, revise!
Many students put off studying until just before the exam, with the more hard-working students giving themselves a week or two before a test. ③______. It's best to revise the information a little bit every day, so that you are not upset when a test comes around.
④______
One of the most effective and the most fun methods of studying is to watch related lectures and videos in order to get more material. Watch documentaries or videos on YouTube and educational websites. You may be surprised at how much you can learn from videos, and just how much information is available online.
Re-write your notes.
Studies have shown that writing information out by hand increases your ability to remember the material. This makes the recall go hand-in-hand with muscle memory. ⑤______
These are the four most effective study habits that all successful students have. Make sure you are on top of your game by following these study methods.
A. Watch related lectures and videos
B. One method of revising is to make a mind-map
C. Use these graded tests to create a new practice test
D. Having these great study habits can make things easier
E. However, it's actually an ineffective method of preparing and studying
F. Flashcards are designed to improve active memory recall of information
G. You will be able to picture your written notes when you are taking the exam
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：concerned
解析：句意为：她担心自己会错过拐弯的地方而迷路。be concerned that...是固定用法，意为"对……担心/焦虑"。
2.答案：immediately
解析：考查副词。这里用副词immediately修饰affected。
3.答案：when
解析：考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入了一个梦想最有可能实现的时代。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且关系词在从句中作时间状语，故填when。
4.答案：where
解析：考查定语从句。句意:学生应该参与社区活动，在这些活动中，他们可以获取成长的经验。they can gain experience for growth.是一个定语从句，修饰先行词community activities,关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导该从句，所以填where。
5.答案：that/which
解析：句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感之源。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词problems，在从句中作宾语，故填入that或which。
6.答案：to
解析：考查介词。句意:过去数十年,经济全球化对全球经济增长做出了重要贡献。这里考查contribute 的固定搭配:contribute to+n.,故填介词to。
7.答案：attacked
解析：考查动词时态。句意:其中一名男子用一把自制武器恶毒地袭击警察。这里考查动词时态,描述一件具体的事情一般为过去时间,故用一般过去时。
8.答案：Less negative
解析：考查形容词比较级。句意:消极思想少点儿会为更多的积极思想腾出空间。根据句意可知,此处与后面的“more positive”相对应,也应该用比较级,故填Less negative。注意首字母大写。
9.答案：whose
解析： 考查完成句子。句意:我住在一对夫妇的隔壁, 他们的孩子经常吵闹。本句是定语从句, 现行词是couple在定语从句中做定语, 应该用whose引导, 所以填whose。
10.答案：where
解析：考查定语从句。句意：第二天，我和弟弟去了海滩，在那里观看了一些人打排球。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为地点名词the beach，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故应用where。
二、翻译句子
11.答案：There was a time when I thought he would never make it.
12.答案：She is the woman whom I contributed money to.
13.答案：We all have a special place in our heart, like the home/homes(that/which) we grew up in.或We all have a special place in our heart, like the home/homes where we grew up.
14.答案：Regular exercise helps guard against heart diseases.
15.答案：Don't hesitate to turn to us if you are in difficulty. We are always ready to help.
三、阅读理解
16.答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Many communication researchers believe that gesturing is either done to stress important points”可知,画线词意为“重点”。
17.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段所举例子可知,这个研究主要证明身势语能够影响人的声音。
18.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的 “Gestures are tightly tied to amplitude.”可知,不同的身势语有不同的振幅,从而听到的人能够通过振幅判断出说话者的手势。推理判断题。
19.答案：B
解析：根据最后一段中的 “Some language researchers... communicating the contents of your mind”可知,有的研究者认为除语言之外没有东西能够表达思想。
四、七选五
答案：DFEAG
解析：①细节理解题。根据上一句effective study habits are necessary提出有效的学习习惯是必要的,选项D:Having these great study habits can make things easier(拥有这些良好的学习习惯可以使事情变得更容易),进一步解释为什么有效的学习习惯是必要的,是对上一句的解释说明,符合语境,故选D。
②段落大意题。主题句Make and use flashcards(制作和使用闪存卡。)与选项F都有flashcards,存在原词复现.而且选项F:Flashcards are designed to improve active memory recall of information(闪存卡旨在提高信息的主动记忆回忆能力。)是对flashcards作用的概括,下文是对flashcards这个作用的展开说明,故选F。
③推理判断题。根据上一句Many students put off studying until just before the exam , with the more hardworking students giving themselves a week or two before a test.先讲了大多数学生的做法,又讲了勤奋的学生的做法,选项E:However, it's actually an ineffective method of preparing and studying.对这些学生的做法给出了评价,他们的做法并不是有效的学习方法,然后下一句又提出了正确的做法是每天都学一点,故选E。
④理解判断题。根据第一句话One of the most effective-and the most fun-methods of studying is to watch related lectures and videos in order to get more material(最有效和最有趣的学习方法之一是观看相关的讲座和视频,以获得更多的材料。)。是句子的主题句,选项A:Watch related lectures and videos(观看相关讲座和视频。)与这句话表达的意思一致,故选A。
⑤联系上文题。根据上两句话Studies have shown that writing information out by hand increases your ability to remember the material. This makes the recall go hand-in-hand with muscle memory.叙述了重写笔记可以增加记忆力, 选项G:You will be able to picture your written notes when you are taking the exam当 你参加考试的时候,你将能够想象你的笔记;叙述了重写笔记在考试中的作用,符合语境,故选G。
2Unit 3 Getting along with others——2023-2024学年英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第一册大单元思维强化
大单元思维知识整合
一、重点单词
seek (v.) 寻找；探索；追求；试图，设法
escape (v.) 逃跑；避免；逃避；(n.) 逃跑；避免；逃避
benefit (n.) 利益，好处；救济金，津贴；利润；(v.) 有益于，受益
beneficial (adj.) 有利的；有益的；受益的
smoothly ad(v.)平稳地,平缓地
admire (v.) 钦佩；称赞；羡慕
admirer (n.) 崇拜者；爱慕者；追求者
quality (n.) 特性；品德；质量；(adj.) 优质的；上流社会的
measure (n.) 测量，量度；(v.) 测量；估量，权衡
basis (n.) 基础；主要部分，基本成分
respect (v.) 尊重，尊敬；考虑；遵守(n.) 尊敬，尊重；敬意
basic (adj.) 基础的；基本的；根本的
basically ad(v.) 基本上；根本上
respectable (adj.)受人尊敬的；体面的；得体的
respectful (adj.)尊敬的，有礼貌的；表示敬意的
respective (adj.)各自的；分别的
sight (n.) 视力；景象；眼界；见解；(v.) 看见；瞄准
chat (n.) 聊天；闲谈；(v.) （与……）聊天；闲谈
recover (n.) 恢复，还原；(v.) 复原；好转，恢复
loss (n.) 损耗，亏损；丢失；去世；失败；浪费；降低；减少
apologize (vi.) 道歉；认错
apology (n.)道歉，谢罪；（因不能赴会或提前离会的）致歉
二、重点短语
1. seek to do sth. 试图做某事
2. seek sth. from sb. 向某人寻求某物
3. seek one's fortune 闯世界；寻找发迹的机会
4. seek for sth. 寻找某物
5. seek out 找出；找到
6. seek after sth. 追求某物
7. escape from...从……逃跑
8. escape to...逃到……
9. escape (doing) sth.逃脱(做)某事
10. have a narrow escape 死里逃生
11. make one's escape 逃脱
12. an escape from reality 逃避现实
13. for the benefit of 为……的利益
14. for sb.'s benefit 为帮助某人；为某人的利益
15. be of benefit to 对……有益
16. have the benefit of 受益于……
17. benefit sb. 对某人有益
18. benefit from…从……受益；得益于
19. be beneficial to 对……有益；对……有利
20. smooth out弄平，使平滑；消除，解决
21. smooth away 摆脱(困境),排除(困难
22. smooth over 缓和,缓解
23. smooth movements 流畅的动作
24. admire sb. for sth. 因某事而钦佩某人
25. admiring adj.赞美的；钦佩的
26. admiration n.钦佩；爱慕
27. with/in admiration 钦佩地
28. express/have admiration for sb. 钦佩某人
29. count on sb./sth.to do sth. 指望……做某事
30. count on (sb. /sth. ) doing sth. 指望（某人/某物）做某事
31. count sb. /sth. 把……算入，包括
32. take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事
33. get/take/have the measure of sb. = get/take/have sb's measure 摸清某人的底细
34. base. . .on/upon... 把……建立在；以……为根据
35. be based on/upon... 以……为根据/基础
36. respect sb. for 因……而尊敬某人
37. respect oneself 自重
38. show respect for 向某人表示尊敬
39. pay sb.'s respects to sb. 拜访某人
40. earn/win respect 赢得尊敬
41. lose the respect of 失去对……的敬意
42. out of sight, out of mind （谚语）眼不见，心不想
43. apologize for sth. 因某事道歉
44. apologize to sb. for (doing) sth. 因（做了）某事向某人道歉
45. be worth doing
46. have difficulty (in) doing sth.
三、重点句型
1. As we live in social groups, there are many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy. (As引导原因状语从句)
2. Finally, it should be pointed out that enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends. (that引导的主语从句)
3. The forum exchange below includes a post written by Amy, a teenage girl who had a problem with her best friend Jenny, and two replies. (过去分词(短语)作定语)
4. A classmate told me she had seen my friend chatting with another girl in a cafe Saturday afternoon. ("感官动词+宾语+doing"结构)
四、重点用法
1. 过去分词(短语)作定语
(1)位置:单个的过去分词作定语时,通常放在被修饰词之前;过去分词短语作定语
时,通常放在被修饰词之后。
This is a used stamp.这是一张用过的邮票。
The concert held by their fiends was a great success.他们的朋友举办的音乐会大获
(2)时态/语态特点:及物动词的过去分词可表示被动、动作已完成;不及物动词的
过去分词只表示动作已完成。
Half of the guests invited to the dinner were foreigners.有一半受邀出席宴会的客人是外国人。
(3)扩展性:过去分词短语作后置定语时常可扩展成定语从句。
Money spent on the brain is never spent in vain. = Money which is spent on the brain is never spent in vain.智力投资永远也不会徒劳无益。
2. "感官动词+宾语+doing"结构
"感官动词+宾语+doing"属于"感官动词+宾语+宾补"结构的一种。doing表示
动作正在进行。
常见的感官动词有:see，watch，observe，notice，hear, feel等。
The father sits in the theatre and watches his daughter performing proudly.那位父亲坐在剧院里，骄傲地看他女演出。(performing表示动作正在进行)
【拓展】在"感官动词(词组)+宾语+宾补"结构中，宾补除了 doing 以外还有 do和 done两种形式。以感官动词see 为例:
"see+宾语 +do" "看见……做了"(表示主动且指动作发生的全过程)
"see+宾语 +done" "看见……被做"(表示被动，且动作已完成)
Did you notice a girl in red enter the building 你注意到一位穿红色衣服的女孩走进楼里面了吗
When I got home, I saw the window broken.我到家时，看到窗户被打破了。
五、重点语法
1. As引导原因状语从句
as引导原因状语从句时,表示"因为,由于"
As she wrote hurriedly, she didn't notice the spelling errors.因为写得仓促，她没有注意到拼写错误。
As he was tired, he went to bed at once.因为累了，他立即就上床睡觉了。
Everyone likes you as you are kind and honest.人人都喜欢你因为你不仅善良而且
诚实。
2. that引导的主语从句
(1)that在主语从句中不充当成分,也没有含义,但通常不能省略。
That our team had won first prize made us very happy.我们队获得了一等奖，这使我
们很高兴。
(2)that从句作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，使句子平衡，常用作形式主语，而将主
语从句后置。
常用it(代替that从句)作形式主语的句型有以下几种:
①It+ be +形容词(obvious, true, wonderful, likely, etc.) + that从句.
②It+be+名词(词组)(no wonder, the case, a pity, no surprise, a fact, etc.) + that从句
③It+be+过去分词(said, believed, reported, thought, etc.)+that从句.
It is certain that she will do very well in the exam.她一定会考得很好。
It is no wonder that you're tired; you've been walking for hours.难怪你累了呢你已经
走了好几个小时了。
It is reported that no passengers were injured in the accident.据报道，这起事故中没有乘客受伤。
3. 由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
（1）定语从句包括限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。限制性定语从句是不可缺少的部分，去掉后往往主句意思不明确；非限制性定语从句是对先行词的附加说明，去掉后不会影响主句的意思，与主句之间通常有逗号隔开。如：
The boys who are playing football are from Class One.（限制性定语从句）
正在踢足球的男孩们是一班的。
His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. （非限制性定语从句）
深爱着他的妈妈对他要求很严格。
（2）定语从句中关系代词 that，which，who，whom，whose 的用法
定语从句中的关系代词的作用，是把定语从句和先行词连接在一起，所以对关系代词的掌握就显得格外重要。
关系代词 指代对象及在从句中所作的成分 使用要点
that 既指人又指物；作主语或者宾语。 只用于限制性定语从句中，介词后面不能跟that，当代替物时可以与 which通用。
which 指物；作主语或者宾语。 在非限制性定语从句中，只能用 which，不能用that。可用在介词之后。
who, whom 指人；who可作主语或者宾语，whom只能作宾语。 先行词必须为人。who可替代在从句中担任宾语的whom，若前面有介词，须用whom。
whose 既指人又指物；作定语。 表示“所属”关系。
The girl that is sitting under the tree is very good at playing the piano.
坐在树下的那个女孩非常擅长弹钢琴。
The new bike (that) she bought yesterday was lost.
昨天她买的新自行车丢了。
Beijing is a city which has a long history.
北京是一座有悠久历史的城市。
My mother worked in the factory (which) you visited yesterday.
我母亲曾在昨天你参观的工厂里工作过。
（3）关系代词的确定
①that指人亦可指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。
The girl that was crying just now is my best friend.
刚才哭的那个女孩是我最好的朋友。
The book (that) I borrowed yesterday is of great use.
我昨天借的书很有用。
②which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。
China is a country which has a long history.
中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。
③who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。
The man who was here yesterday is a painter.
昨天在这里的那个人是位画家。
The man (who) I saw is called Smith.
我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。
④whose可以修饰人，也可以修饰物，表示“所属”关系，在定语从句中作定语，不可以省略。在定语从句中“whose+名词”可以转换为：“the+名词＋of which/whom”的形式。
I live in a room whose windows face south.
我住在一个窗户朝南的房间里。
This is the house whose window was broken last night. =This is the house, the window of which was broken last night.
这就是昨晚窗户被打坏的那所房子。
（4）that 和 which 都可以修饰表示物的先行词，可以充当主语或宾语，但是下列情况只能用that：
①先行词为all，none，few，little，much，everything，anything，something，nothing等时。
All (that) you have to do is to practice every day.
你必须做的是每天练习。
②先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时。
The first lesson (that) I learned will never be forgotten.
我学的第一课将永远不会忘记。
This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
③先行词被 no，all，any，every，few，little，some等限定词修饰时。
I have read all the books (that) you gave me.
我已经读完了你给我的所有的书。
④先行词被 the only, the very, the last, the same等修饰时
This is the very book that I want to read.
这正是我想要读的那一本书
（5）当主句是以what或 which开头的特殊疑问句时。
What was it that you did last week
你上周究竟做什么了？
（6）先行词同时包含人和物时。
We talked about the persons and things that we could remember.
我们谈论了我们能记起的人和事。
7.关系代词在定语从句中作to be的表语时。
He isn't the boy that he used to be.
他不再是过去的老样子了。
4. 在以下情况下用which不用 that：
（1）关系词前有逗号，即构成非限制性定语从句时。
He has a walk every night, which does him good.
他每晚都散步，这对他有好处。
（2）当关系代词前有介词时。
Here is the car about which I told you.
这就是我向你谈到过的那辆汽车。
（3）当先行词本身是that时。
That which is well done is twice done.
一次做得好等于做两次。
（4）当关系代词之后有插入成分时。
I have received your letter which, as I have told you, is badly needed by the press.
我已收到您的来信，这封信，正如我所告诉您的，是新闻界所急需的。
六、只能用who引导定语从句的情况：
先行词是指代人的不定代词时，如：those，one，anyone，all，nobody，anybody，none等。
The student you should learn from is the one who works hard and studies well.
你应该向其学习的是那位学习努力且成绩优异的学生。
大单元综合试题训练
一、语法填空
1. Do you still remember the chicken farm ________ we visited three months ago
2. ______ (catch) the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
3. He is one of the students who ___ (be) awarded yesterday.
4. It is said that sunlight _______ (reflect) may relieve global warming more or less.
5. I like going to the supermarket _____ (locate) in the centre of the city with my family.
6. We would get calls from our family, neighbors and friends ____ would want to know what we had received that day.
7. An American journalist says that people ____ (suffer) from "hurry sickness"--we're trying to do more things in less time.
8. We sometimes seem ____ (misunderstand) by our teachers, parents and classmates.
9. Have you kept ____ contact with your friends from college
10. Meeting people is only the start, and if you get really good at meeting people, that does nothing for your social life unless you build ____ (last) friendships.
二、翻译句子
11.笑到最后的人,笑得最好。
_______________________________________________________________
12.经常诉苦,难以博得同情。
_______________________________________________________________
13.那些充分利用时间的人不会有时间剩下。
_______________________________________________________________
14.在签订任何合同之前，一定要寻求法律专业人士的意见。(seek)
_______________________________________________________________
15.千里之行,始于足下。
_______________________________________________________________
三、阅读理解
Women have been making scientific discoveries since ancient times. Nineteen women who changed science have won the Nobel Prize, one of the highest honours in the world. Some women scientists never married, some worked with their husbands, and others raised large families. It has been difficult for women to be successful scientists.
In the early 1800s in Britain, Mary Anning became one of the first women recognized for her discoveries about the ancient history of the earth. Mary and her father collected fossils in their village on the south coast of Great Britain. Fossils are parts of plants or animals that have been saved in rocks for millions of years.
When she was only twelve years old, Mary became the first person to find the almost complete skeletons(骨架) of several animals that no longer existed on the earth. She didn't become famous for her discoveries at that time because she often sold her fossils to get money to support her family.
In 1891, a young Polish woman named Marie Sklodowska traveled to Paris to study physics. She did so because she could not get a college education in Poland. She began working in the laboratory of a man named Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre Curie got married and made many discoveries together. They received the Nobel Prizein Physics in 1903 along with another scientist. Marie Curie became the first person to be awarded a second Nobel Prize in 1911, this time in Chemistry. Marie Curie was one of the few women at the time who became famous as a scientist.
16.What is the opinion about women scientists according to the passage
A. They have more opportunities to become successful.
B.They cannot get the highest honours in the world.
C. They go through difficulties to be successful.
D.They had better pay more attention to their families.
17.Mary Anning was one of the first women to ______.
A. win the Nobel Prize after getting married
B.make achievements in the study of ancient earth
C.research animals and their bones
D.study the mystery of all kinds of plants
18.What can we learn about Marie Sklodowska
A. She studied physics in Poland and got a college education.
B. She received the Nobel Prize in Physics in1903 on her own.
C. She only got one Nobel Prize during her lifetime.
D. She made many discoveries after she got married.
19.What's the passage mainly about
A. Ancient discoveries. B. Women scientists.
C. Successful marriages. D. Different prizes.
四、七选五
If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. ①_____ Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.
● Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. ②_____
● Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start. ③_____ If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.
● ④_____ Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.
● ⑤_____ If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.
There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.
A. You will stick to your diet.
B. Your quality of sleep improves.
C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.
D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.
E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.
F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up!
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：that/which
解析：句意:你还记得三个月前我们参观的那个养鸡场吗 先行词是the chicken farm,定语从句中visited后缺少宾语,故用that或者which。
2.答案：To catch
解析：考查非谓语动词.句意:为了赶上早班航班,我们预订了出租车并起得很早.根据句意可知,此处应该使用动词不定式作目的状语.
3.答案：were
解析：考查定语从句的时态和主谓一致.在 "one of +the+复数名词+定语从句" 结构中,定语从句一般视为修饰复数名词,故从句谓语动词用复数形式,结合时间状语yesterday可知,该从句的谓语动词应用were.
4.答案：reflection
解析：考查词形转换.句意:据说阳光反射可以或多或少地减缓全球变暖.分析句子结构可知,空处在从句中作主语,应用reflect的名词形式.故填reflection.
5.答案：located
解析： 考查形容词.句意:我喜欢和家人去市中心的那家超市. be located in... "坐落在...... ".
6.答案：who/that
解析：考查定语从句.分析可知空格处是定语从句的引导词,关系词在从句中作主语,指人,故填who/that, 句意:我们会接到家人、邻居和朋友的电话,他们想知道我们那天经历了什么.
7.答案：are suffering
解析：考查时态.根据 "we're trying" 可知空格处也应用现在进行时,故填are suffering,句意:一位美国记者说,人们正在遭受 "匆忙症" 的折磨--我们正试图在更少的时间里做更多的事情.
8.答案：to be misunderstood
解析：考查不定式.分析可知空格处作seem的表语,需用不定式,且misunderstand与主语We之间是被动关系,需用不定式的被动式,故填to be misunderstood.句意:我们有时似乎被老师、父母和同学误解.
9.答案：in
解析：考查介词.固定词组: keep in contact with与……保持联系,故填in, 句意:你还和大学里的朋友有联系吗
10.答案：lasting
解析：考查形容词.分析可知空格处作定语修饰friendships, 需用形容词,故填lasting. 句意:与人结交仅仅是个开始,如果你变得十分擅长与人结交,除非你建立了持续的友谊,否则那对你的社交生活毫无意义.
二、翻译句子
11.答案：He laughs best who laughs last.
12.答案：He who makes constant complaints gets little compassion.
13.答案：Those who make the best use of their time have none to spare.
14.答案：Always seek professional legal advice before signing any contracts.
15.答案：He who would climb the ladder must begin at the bottom.
三、阅读理解
16.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知,女性科学家经历很多艰难才能走向成功。
17.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...for her discoveries about the ancient history of the earth.”可知选B。
18.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Marie and Pierre Curie got married and made many discoveries together.”可知,Marie Sklodowska结婚后和丈夫一起有了很多发现。
19.答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。由主题段落第一段可知,文章主要讲述成功的女科学家的事迹,文中所举的两个例子也体现了这一点。故选B。
四、七选五
答案：GEFBA
解析：①空后一句及接下来的段落是在讲晨练的好处,所以G"如果你计划定期锻炼,或者你现在正在锻炼,那就注意听"符合语境。
②根据空处前两句(你的工作效率提高了;锻炼会让你更清醒,并准备好应付一天中摆在你面前的一切)可知,此空应选E"运动后你可以保持头脑清醒4-10个小时"。more awake与E项中的clear照应。
③由此空后的"getting...the whole day"与F项中的"burn calories throughout the day"一致可知,答案为F"在你运动之后,你一整天都在消耗卡路里"。
④此空是本段的中心句,根据本段内容可知,本段主要讲了晨练对睡眠的益处,所以选B"你的睡眠质量提高了"。空后一句中的"slept better"是关键信息。
⑤根据本段中的"healthy food"和"junk food"与选项A中的diet有关可知,此空应选A"你会坚持你的饮食(习惯)。
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