Unit 2 The Universal language——2023-2024学年英语牛津译林（2020）选择性必修第一册大单元思维强化
大单元思维知识整合
一、重点单词
enthusiastic (adj.) 热情的，热心的，热烈的
prediction (n.) 预言，预报
enthusiastic (adj.)热情的,热心的热烈的
enthusiasm (n.)热情,热心,热忧
enthusiastically (adv.)热情地
predictable (adj.)可预见的，可预料的
unpredictable (adj.)不可预测的
abandoned (adj.) 被遗弃的；废弃的；放纵的
desperation (n.)绝望，拼命，铤而走险
desperately (adv.)绝望地；不顾一切地，拼命地
abandon (n.) 放任；放纵；(v.)遗弃；抛弃；放弃，中止
desperate (adj.) 不顾一切的，铤而走险的；绝望的；极度渴望的
ease (n.) 容易；舒适；自在；(v.) 减轻，缓和；放松
desperation (n.)绝望，拼命，铤而走险
desperately (adv.)绝望地；不顾一切地，拼命地
distant (adj.) 远隔的，遥远的
distantly (adv.)遥远地；冷淡地
stare (n.) 凝视；注视；瞪眼；(v.) 盯；凝视；注视
expectation (n.) 期待; 预期; 期望; 希望; 指望
expect (v.) 期待，预料
expected (adj.) 预料的，预期的
unexpected (adj.) 出乎意料的，始料不及的
accompany (v.) 陪伴；伴随，附加；为...伴奏
distance (n.)距离；远处；遥远；疏远
performance (n.) 演出，表演；履行；执行
perform (v.)表演;履行,执行;工作
perormer (n.)表演者,演出者,演员
deserve (v.) 应受，应得，值得
separate (v.) （使）分离，分开；（使）分居
whisper (n.) 低语，耳语；传闻；飒飒声；(v.) 低声说，耳语；私下谈论
overcome (v.) 战胜，克服；获胜，赢
reliable (adj.) 可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的
guarantee (n.) 保证，担保；保证人；(v.) 保证；担保
二、重点短语
1. break into闯入；突然做；顺利进入；打断，占用
2. be enthusiastic about (doing)sth.对(做)某事热心/感兴趣
3. make a prediction/predictions 作预测
4. abandon one's hope/plan/idea 放弃某人的希望/计划/想法
5. abandon oneself to 沉湎于（某种情感），陷入
6. be desperate for sth. 极想要某物
7. be desperate to do sth. 极想做某事
8. in desperation 在绝望中；拼命地
9. with ease 轻易，毫不费劲
10. at ease 不拘束，放松
11. put sb. at ease 使某人放松
12. ease the pain/stress/tension/burden 减轻疼痛/压力/紧张/负担
13. break into cheers/laughter/tears突然喝彩/大笑/哭起来
14. break in强行闯人
15. break away(form sb./sth)突然挣脱;脱离
16. be distant from. . . 离……远
17. in the distance 在远处
18. at/from a distance 离一段距离，从远处
19. at/from a distance of从……远的地方（of后跟具体的距离）
20. stare at sb. 盯着某人看
21. contrary to/against/beyond expectations 出乎意料/超出预期
22. in (the) expectation of. . . 预计会有……，预料……
23. with expectations 怀着希望
24. live up to/come up to/meet one's expectations 达到某人的期望，如某人所愿
25. expect (sb.) to do sth. 期待/预计某人做某事
26. accompany sb.to. . . 陪某人去……
27. be accompanied by. . . 在……的陪同下；由……伴随
28. accompany sb.at/on sth. 用某物为某人伴奏
29. think highly of认为…很了不起，对……评价很高，非常看重
30. think poorly/badly of 对·····评价不高
31. hold one's breath屏息
32. take a deep breath深吸一口气
33. catch one's breath 缓一口气;歇口气
34. take one's breath away令人惊叹
35. save ones breath免费口舌
36. out of breath(运动后)喘不上气，透不过气来
37. give performances 表演;演出
38. put on a performance 上演
39. deserve doing/to be done 值得……（主语通常为sth.）
40. deserve + n. /pron. 值得……，应得……
41. deserve to do sth. 应该做某事（主语通常为sb.）
42. separate from...和……分开
43. separate A from B把A和B分开
44. whisper about sth. 低声说……
45. whisper sth.in sb.'s car在某人耳边低声说……
46. whisper sth.to sb. 对某人低声说某事
47. whisper (to sb.) that… 低声（对某人）说……
48. in a whisper/in whispers 小声地，低声地
49. be overcome by/with. . . 被……（某种情绪）控制；受到……的极大影响
50. overcome problems/difficulties 解决问题/克服困难
51. overcome one's shyness/fear(s) 克服某人的羞怯/恐惧
52. overcome the enemy/opponent战胜敌人/对手
53. rely on/upon sb.to do sth. 指望/依靠某人做某事；相信某人会做某事
54. rely on/upon sb. for. . . 依靠某人获得……
55. rely on/upon sb. doing sth. 指望/依靠某人做某事
56. rely on/upon it that. . . 相信/指望……
56. guarantee sb. sth. 向某人保证某事
57. guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事
58. be guaranteed to do sth. 肯定/必定会做某事
59. under guarantee 在保修期内
60. a guarantee of… ……的保障/保证
三、重点句型
1. By the time he was a teenager, he had already enjoyed a reputation as a wonderful young musician. ( By the time引导时间状语从句)
2. When composing music at the piano, he would put one end of a pencil in his mouth and place the other end against the instrument so that he could feel the notes. ( when引导时间状语从句)
四、重点用法
1. By the time引导时间状语从句
① by+过去时间或者by the time+一般过去时,含有“过去的过去”之意，主句通常用过去完成时(had done)。
By the end of last term, we had learnt 2,000 English words.
到上学期末，我们已经学会了2000个英语单词。
By the time we reached home, he had left.
当我们到家时，他已经走了。
② by +将来时间或者by the time +一般现在时，含有“到将来某个时间或某个动作发生为止将已经...”之意 ,主句通常用将来完成时(will /shall have done)。
By the time she gets home, her mother will have left for London to attend a meeting.
2. when引导时间状语从句
①当when引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或主语为it ，且谓语部分含有动词be的某种形式时，可以把从句的主语(或it)连同谓语动词be省略掉，省略后的部分为"when +分词 /介词短语 /形容词 /名词短语等"
②引导状语从句时可以省略的连词还有：while, once, as, as if, when, unless, until, even if, though, if等
When asked where she was from, the little girl was only crying, saying nothing.
当被问到她来自哪里时，小女孩只是一直哭，什么也没说。
When in trouble, you should turn to the police.
遇到麻烦时，你应该向警察求助。
He is always ready to help others when necessary.
必要时他总是乐于助人。
When a boy, he was sick all the time.
小时候，他总是生病。
五、重点语法
1. 动词-ing作主语
（1）意义：动词-ing形式做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，其被动形式为being done.
（2）谓语动词的数：单个的动词－ing形式做主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式；但是两个及以上的动词-ing形式做主语时，谓语动词要根据叙述的事来确定。如果是一件事，谓语动词要用单数形式；如果是两件或多件事情，谓语动词用复数形式。
Saying is easier than doing. 说比做更容易。
Being praised by his teacher made him regain confidence.
被老师表扬使他重新获得了信心。
Collecting stamps and watching movies are his hobbies.
集邮和看电影是他的爱好。
（3）动词-ing形式做主语时，如果要突出动作的执行者，要在动词-ing形式前加上其逻辑主语，这个逻辑主语要用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词，不能用名词的普通格或人称代词宾格。
The students' knowing English well will help them to learn French.
学生学好了英语对他们学习法语有帮助。
His missing the train caused him to stay in the city for another day.
他误了火车，导致他只得在那座城市再待一天。
注意：
动词-ing形式做主语时，有时用it做形式主语，而把真正的主语移至句尾。常见句型：
It is no use/no good/a waste of time/useless…+doing sth. .
It is a waste of time arguing with him.
和他争辩是浪费时间。
It is useless learning a theory without practice.
学习理论而不实践是没有用的。
2. 动词-ing形式做宾语
动词-ing形式经常放在以下动词（短语）后做宾语：
avoid（避免），admit（承认），consider（考虑），delay（延期），enjoy（喜欢），finish（完成），imagine（想象），miss（错过），practise（练习），resist（抵抗），risk（冒险），suggest（建议），mind（介意），give up（放弃），insist on（坚持），allow（允许），feel like（想要），escape（避开），require（需要），look forward to（盼望）等。
动词（短语）后通常接动词-ing形式做宾语。
He admitted having stolen the money in the safe.
他承认偷了保险柜里的钱。
All the staff in our company are considering going to the city center for the fashion show.
我们公司的所有员工都在考虑去市中心看时装秀。
He got well-prepared for the interview, for he couldn't risk losing the good opportunity.
他为这次面试做好了充分的准备，因为他不能冒险失去这一良机。
大单元综合试题训练
一、语法填空
1._____(hear) how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
2.Bob's _____(come) to help contributed to the on-time accomplishment of our task.
3.Not many people agree with the government's ________(predict) that the economy will improve.
4.I hope in years to come he will reflect ______ his decision.
5.As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or ________(walk) through a rainforest.
6.The experiment shows that an appropriate amount of exercise, if _____（carry）out regularly, can improve our health.
7.Working too much hours every day will cause anxiety and _____（depress）among people.
8.All of _____ sudden, the advertisement for a software programme caught my eye.
9.No child under 12 is allowed to go to the lake alone; they _____（accompany）by a parent.
10.He enjoys the company of his friends and dislikes _____（leave）alone.
二、翻译句子
11.当她做饭时, 她听到一声巨响。(状语从句的省略)
___________________________________________________________
12.那里的空气太稀薄，不能呼吸。(主语+be+adj.+to do)
___________________________________________________________
13.我喜欢这位歌手,他在音乐方面的天赋很吸引我。(talent)
___________________________________________________________
14.一听他的歌,我就会忘记我的悲伤和烦恼。(the moment)
___________________________________________________________
15.原来音乐真的是通用语言。(It turns out that...)
___________________________________________________________
三、阅读理解
In all the world's cultures, people sing, play instruments, and celebrate with music. It plays such an important role in our lives that all fields focus on its study, including one looking at the biology of music. Experts are finding that because of the way our brains process music, learning to play an instrument or just listening to music can have a wide range of benefits.
Music education has received a lot of attention. Learning to play an instrument can help children improve math, science, and language skills. One study in Canada tracked children's IQ scores for nine months, discovering that children who studied music had the biggest test score improvement. The secret may lie in the way reading music and playing notes use several areas of the brain, thus increasing our ability to learn school subjects. For example, reading notes improves spatial(空间的) reasoning skills, which are helpful in solving math problems.
Music is also used for medical purposes, such as the treatment of diseases which affect memory. The secret lies in the way the brain processes music. One area near the forehead, the medial prefrontal cortex, connects music with memories stored in two other areas: the amygdala and hippocampus. That's why an old song can remind you of something that happened years ago. For patients suffering from diseases like Alzheimer's, listening to music can help unlock buried memories.
With the evidence of music's benefits pouring in, it's no wonder some countries make music study a part of their education systems. People are recognizing that music is more than just a form of entertainment. It's also great for the brain.
16.Why do people study music
A.Because music can be used for medical treatments.
B.Because music plays a very important role in our lives.
C.Because our brains can process music in different ways.
D.Because music education has received a lot of attention.
17.According to the Canadian study, which children had the most increased IQ scores
A.Those who already had high IQs.
B.Those who listened to music sometimes.
C.Those who could not play any instrument.
D.Those who studied music for a period of time.
18.Which of the following is a kind of disease
A.Spatial reasoning. B.Alzheimer's.
C.The amygdala and hippocampus. D.The medial prefrontal cortex.
19.What can be the best title for the text
A.Music and mind B.Music and health
C.Music and education D.Music and instruments
四、七选五
Confidence is at the heart of every successful person and it holds the key to success. Regardless of how knowledgeable you are in your professional field, if you lack confidence your success will be limited. ①_____. The following are 3 key tricks you may learn to increase your confidence.
Know yourself. Take a long hard look in the mirror and make an honest and accurate assessment of your strengths and weaknesses. ②_____ as this will increase your confidence. Meanwhile, take an effective approach toward improving your weaknesses. We all have areas in our professional and personal lives that need to be improved. Ignoring them does not make them go away. ③_____.
Dress for success. Whether you like it or not, people make judgments about you based upon how you dress. You only have one chance to make a good first impression. From a confidence perspective(角度) how you dress directly reflects how you feel about yourself. ④_____ if you are wearing a business suit or sweat pants and a T-shirt. Therefore, be highly aware of your appearance. Dress in a manner that reflects who you are and how you want to be perceived(看待).
⑤_____ You can increase your confidence by seeking out one new challenge at a time. Research shows confident people consistently seek out new challenges. Move on to the next one when one challenge is successfully achieved. Success builds upon itself, therefore, success brings success—all fueled by increased confidence!
A.Steady as you go
B.Put pressure on yourself
C.Continue to build upon your strengths
D.Research shows that you will feel differently about yourself
E.What you wear will unintentionally show your weaknesses to those around you
F.On the contrary, it only holds back your success and keeps your confidence low
G.Actually, confidence isn't what you're born with, but something learned over time
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：Hearing
解析：考查动名词短语作主语。句意:听到别人对你刚读的书的反应会产生一种额外的乐趣。分析句子结构可知,“_____(hear) how others react to the book you have just read”作主语,结合句意可知此处表示一般性概念,故应用动名词短语作主语,该空置于句首,单词首字母应该大写。故填Hearing。
2.答案：coming
解析：分析句子可知，谓语contributed to前是主语，空前为Bob's，所以用动词-ing形式。句意：鲍勃前来帮助有助于我们按时完成任务。
3.答案：predication
解析：考查名词。句意:没有多少人同意政府认为经济会好转的预测。所填的词在名词的所有格后,所以用名词形式。
4.答案：on
解析：考查介词。 reflect on为固定搭配，意为"反思，认真思考"。
5.答案：walking
解析：句意为:除了观赏展品, 游客还可以玩电脑模拟(情境), 想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期, 或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处为imagine sb doing sth结构, 意为“想象某人做某事”, 设空处与living并列作imagine的宾语, 故此处用动名词形式。故填walking。
6.答案：carried
解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，that引导宾语从句，在从句中an appropriate amount of exercise是主语，“if...regularly”是if 引导的状语从句，此处已省略主语，所以设空处应省略谓语中的be动词，且carry out 与其逻辑主语exercise之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词表示被动。故填carried。句意：实验表明，适量的运动，如果定期进行，可以改善我们的健康。
7.答案：depression
解析：考查名词。and 连接并列成分，作cause的宾语。故填depression。
8.答案：a
解析：考查冠词。all of a sudden为固定短语，意为“突然”。故填a。句意：突然，一个软件程序的广告引起了我的注意。
9.答案：be accompanied
解析：考查被动语态。动词accompany与主语they之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。设空处前有情态动词must，故填be accompanied。句意：12岁以下的儿童不得单独前往湖边；他们必须由家长陪同。
10.答案：being left dislike
解析：后接动词-ing形式作宾语，动词leave与其逻辑主语He之间是被动关系，所以用动词-ing 形式的被动形式，故填 being left。句意：他喜欢朋友们的陪伴，不喜欢独自一人。
二、翻译句子
11.答案：When cooking, she heard a loud noise.
12.答案：The air there is too thin to breathe.
13.答案：I like this singer, whose talent in music attracts me a lot.
14.答案：The moment I listen to his music, I'll forget my sorrow and annoyance.
15.答案：It turns out that music is truly a universal language.
三、阅读理解
16.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It plays such an important role in our lives that all fields focus on its study”可知人们研究音乐是因为它在我们的生活中起着重要的作用。故选B。
17.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词the Canadian study定位到文章第二段,根据“children who studied music had the biggest test score improvement”可知学习过音乐的孩子的智商有了最大的改进。故选D。
18.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。第三段中提到“For patients suffering from diseases like Alzheimer's”,其中like一词体现举例说明,由此可知Alzheimer's是一种病。故选B。
19.答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。文章第一段最后一句提到由于我们大脑处理音乐的方式,学习演奏乐器或仅仅听音乐都有很多益处;第二段和第三段分别从教育和医疗两个方面说明由于大脑处理音乐的方式,音乐在这两个方面对我们的益处;最后一段进行总结,并再次点明主旨:音乐对大脑是有好处的。所以A项最适合作文章的标题。
四、七选五
答案：GCFDA
解析：①根据后文"The following are 3 key tricks you may learn to increase your confidence.(你可以学习以下3个关键技巧来增强自信)"可知，后文提到了建立自信的技巧，可见自信是可以培养的。故G选项"事实上，自信并不是与生俱来的，而是随着时间的推移学会的"符合语境，故选G。
②根据上文"Know yourself. Take a long hard look in the mirror and make an honest and accurate assessment of your strengths and weaknesses.(了解自己。认真地长时间地照照镜子，诚实而准确地评估一下自己的优缺点)"以及后文"as this will increase your confidence.(因为这会增加你的自信)"可知，本句是在说明建立优势来增加自信。故C选项"继续建立你的优势"符合语境，故选C。
③根据上文"We all have areas in our professional and personal lives that need to be improved. Ignoring them does not make them go away.(我们在工作和个人生活中都有需要改进的地方。忽视它们并不能让它们消失)"可知，上文提到了忽视需要改进的地方不会让它消失，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文继续说明其影响：恰恰相反，它只会阻碍你的成功，让你保持低信心。故F选项"恰恰相反，它只会阻碍你的成功，让你保持低信心"符合语境，故选F。
④根据上文"Whether you like it or not, people make judgments about you based upon how you dress. You only have one chance to make a good first impression. From a confidence perspective, how you dress directly reflects how you feel about yourself.(不管你喜不喜欢,人们会根据你的穿着来判断你。你只有一次机会留下好的第一印象。从自信的角度来看，你的穿着直接反映了你对自己的感觉"以及后"if you are wearing a business suit or sweat pants and a T-shirt(如果你穿的是西装或运动裤和T恤)"可知， 后文列举了穿西装或运动裤和T恤两种不同类型的衣服，可知本句旨在说明衣服让自己对自己的不同感觉。故D选项"研究表明，你会对自己有不同的感觉"符合语境，故选D。
⑤根据后文"You can increase your confidence by seeking out one new challenge at a time. Research shows confident people consistently seek out new challenges. Move on to the next one when one challenge is successfully achieved. Success builds upon itself, therefore, success brings success—all fueled by increased confidence!(你可以通过每次接受一个新的挑战来增强自信。 研究表明，自信的人总是寻求新的挑战。当你成功地完成一个挑战时，就可以继续下一个挑战。成功是建立在自己的基础上的，因此，成功带来成功—这一切都是由更大的信心所推动的!)"可知，本段主旨是通过一次次挑战来建立自信，即通过过程来慢慢建立自信。故A选项"慢慢建立自信"符合语境，故选A。
2Unit 3 The art of painting——2023-2024学年英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第一册大单元思维强化
大单元思维知识整合
一、重点单词
exhibition (n.) 展览；表现；展览品；奖学金
exhibit (n.)展览品；(v.)展出，展览
exhibitor (n.)参展者，参展商
expose (v.) 揭露，揭发；使曝光；显示
decline (n.) 下降；减少，衰退，衰落；(v.) 下降，下跌；减少；倾斜
inspection (n.) 检验，审视；检阅，视察
scale (n.) 天平；磅秤；鳞；刻度；比例；规模；(v.) 衡量；测量；攀登；刮鳞；剥落
wonder (n.) 惊奇；惊奇；惊异；奇迹； (v.) 想知道，想弄明白
observe (v.) 观察；注意到；遵守；评论
observation (n.) 观测，观察；遵守
reduce (v.) 缩减，减小；简化
arrange (v.) 安排；分类；整理；排列；协商
arrangement (n.) 安排，筹备
admire (v.) 钦佩；称赞；羡慕
admirable (adj.)可钦佩的，值得赞赏的，令人羡慕的
admiration (n.)钦佩，赞赏，羡慕
inspire (v.) 鼓舞，激励；赋予灵感
inspired (adj.)品质优秀的，借助于灵感创作的
inspiring (adj.)鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的
inspiration (n.)灵感；启发灵感的人（或事物）
prefer (v.) 宁可；更喜欢
preference (n.) 偏爱，喜好
effect (n.) 效果；作用；影响； (v.) 使产生；使发生；引起
effective (adj.)有效的；生效的
effectively (adv.)有效地；实际上，事实上
worthy (adj.) 值得的；有价值的；配得上的
opposed (adj.)截然不同的；强烈反对的
oppose (v.) 反对（计划、政策等），抵制，阻挠
seek (v.) 寻找；探索；追求
preference (n.) 偏爱，喜好
inspect (v).检查；查看；视察
二、重点短语
1. hold an (art) exhibition 举办（美术）展览会
2. on exhibition (= on show/on display) 在展览中
3. expose... to... 使……遭受……；使……暴露于……；向……显露……
4. be exposed to… 遭受……；暴露于……
5. expose sb./sth. (as...) 揭露某人/某物（为……）
6. expose sb. to sth. 使某人接触/体验某物
7. in decline/on the decline 处于衰退中，走下坡路，在下降
8. fall/go into(a)decline 开始衰落/衰退
9. decline in. . . 在……方面减少/下降
10. decline in. . . 在……方面减少/下降
11. decline by. . . 下降了……（后常接分数或百分数）
12. decline to. . . 下降到……（后常接具体数字）
13. decline an offer/invitation 谢绝（对方的）主动帮助/邀请
14. decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事
15. carry out/make an inspection of...视察……/对……进行检查
16. wonder about sth. 想知道……，想弄明白……
17. inspect...for... 检查/视察
18. on a large scale 大规模
19. on a global scale 全球范围内
20. wonder at. . . 对……感到惊讶
21. It's a wonder (that). . . 莫名其妙的是……；令人惊奇的是……
22. observe sb. do sth. 看到某人做了某事
23. observe sb. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事
24. observe sth. done 看到某事被做
25. be under observation 在观察中；被监视中
26. be reduced to 降低到；沦落为
27. be reduced by 降低了
28. reduce ... from ... to ... 把……从……减少到……
29. arrange sth. for sb. 为某人安排某事
30. arrange for sth. 安排/筹备某物
31. arrange (for sb./sth. ) to do sth. 安排（某人/某物）做某事
32. make arrangements for. . . 为……做安排/准备
34. go against 反抗（某人）/反对（某事）
35. go ahead 开始做，着手干
36. go in for 参加（考试或竞赛）；爱好
37. go over 仔细检查（或审查）；反复研究
38. go through 经历，遭受
39. admire sb. for (doing) sth. 因（做）某事而钦佩/赞赏某人
40. watch … in admiration 赞赏地看……
41. have (great) admiration for… （十分）钦佩……
42. inspire sb. (to sth.) 鼓舞某人（某事）
43. inspire sb. to do sth. 鼓舞某人做某事
44. inspire sb. with sth.=inspire sth. in sb. 使某人产生……感觉/情感
45. prefer doing sth./to do sth. 更喜欢做某事
46. prefer sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
47. prefer A to B 与B相比更喜欢A
48. cause and effect 因果
49. side effects 副作用
50. have a(n)…effect on... 对……有……影响
51. come into effect 开始实施，生效
52. in effect 实际上；有效
53. as opposed to表示“而（不是），相对于”，表示对比
54. opposed adj.截然不同的；强烈反对的
55. be opposed to 反对……
56. oppose (doing) sth. 反对（做）某事
57. oppose sb. /sb's doing sth. 反对某人做某事
三、重点句型
1. It is commonly believed that the city described in the painting is Bian jing (present-day Kalfeng), the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. ( It+be+过去分词+that…)
2. The combination of these three sections gives viewer an idea of what life was like for the people of Bianjing. (what引导的宾语从句)
3. It is amazing that every time Monet studied this simple scene, he brought the pond's beauty to the canvas in a unique way. (It is + adj.+that...)
4. The Impressionists' vision inspired a whole new generation of Post-Impressionist painters such as Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin, whose works are also displayed at the Musée d'Orsay. (关系代词whose引导的定语从句)
四、重点用法
1. It+be+过去分词+that…
常用it作形式主语的结构
（1）It be believed/said/reported/suggested/hoped/decided/argued/estimated that...:
It is believed that spring is the best season in a year.
人们认为春天是一年中最好的季节。
（2）It be a pity/fact/wonder/shame/surprise that…
It's a shame that we failed to fulfill the task ahead of time.
我们没能提前完成任务,真感到惭愧。
（3）It be reasonable/clear/strange/obvious/true/possible/certain that...
It is obvious that in a competitive society there are both losers and winners.
很明显，在一个竞争激烈的社会，既有成功者也有失败者。
（4）It be + hard/important/impossible/proper to do...
So it's important to find out the words you mispronounce.
因此,找出你发音错误的单词是很重要的。
2. what引导的宾语从句
what引导的宾语从句的语序为陈述句语序,what 在从句中可以做主语、宾语、表语或定语。
My mom tells me that I can't control what happens to me.
我妈妈告诉我，我不能控制发生在我身上的事。( what 在宾语从句中做主语)
Pick yourself up. Courage is doing what you're afraid to do.
振作起来。勇气就是做你害怕做的事。(what 在宾语从句中做宾语)
May I ask what your plans are
我可以问一下你的计划是什么吗 (what 在宾语从句中做表语)
I want to know what color you like best.
我想知道你最喜欢什么颜色。(what 做定语，修饰 color)
五、重点语法
1. 动词-ing 形式作表语
动词-ing形式做表语可以用来表示主语的特性、状态、情感等，具有形容词的特征。
Your achievements are very inspiring. 你的成就很鼓舞人心。
His work is very interesting. 他的工作很有趣。
注意：
动词-ing形式做表语，常见的有：exciting，interesting，disappointing，discouraging，encouraging，puzzling，missing，surprising，confusing，amusing，charming，astonishing，shocking，inviting等。这些动词-ing形式几乎已经变成了形容词，可以用very修饰。
易混用法 区别 例句
动名词作表语 解释说明主语的内容，主语和表语可以互换 My hobby is playing chess. 我的业余爱好是下棋。
动词-ing作表语 说明主语的性质、特征、状态等，主语和表语不可以互换 The argument is very convincing. 这一论据很有说服力。
2. 动词-ed形式作表语
（1）动词-ed形式做表语，多表示主语所处的状态或所具备的特征，多位于系动词之后。这些系动词有be，remain，feel，seem，look，become等。
（2）有些动词-ed形式做表语时，已经具有了形容词的性质，最常见的有：amazed，delighted，disappointed，discouraged，amused，astonished，lost，crowded，tired，satisfied，pleased，surprised，worried，excited，married，puzzled，upset等。
Later they found that they were lost.
后来他们发现他们迷路了。
We were amazed at the beauty of the lake.
这个湖泊的美使我们感到惊奇。
She was disappointed at the news.
她对这个消息感到失望。
（3）动词-ed形式做表语与被动语态相似，区别在于动词-ed形式做表语表示的是一种状态或特征，而被动语态表示的是一个动作，被动意味很强，后面常跟by短语。比较下面两个句子：
This shop is now closed.
这家商店现在已经关门了。（状态）
This shop is closed at 6 pm every day.
这家商店每天下午6点关门。（动作）
大单元综合试题训练
一、语法填空
1.he _____(ambition) project was completed in only six months.
2.Linda got _____(terrify) because she was followed by a stranger.
3.“Nicolo,” whose real name cannot _____(expose) to the public because of Italy's privacy laws, finished working the whole night at a factory in Turin.
4.Her parents were so _____(please) to get the news that she won the prize.
5.Visitors were _____(amaze) at the amazing paintings that the guide showed.
6.When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself ________(wander) down to South-bank, spending hours there.
7.We want to expose the kids _____ as much art and culture as possible.
8.We got a little _____(sunburn), but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind.
9.Please remain ________(seat) until the plane has come to a complete stop.
10.For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying ________(connect).
二、翻译句子
11.当我回到家的时候, 我看见我的妈妈在厨房里做晚饭。(see+宾语+宾语补足语)
_______________________________________________________________
12.那只老虎看起来如此令人害怕, 我不敢摸它。(frighten; dare)
_______________________________________________________________
13.我每次听到那首歌都感到很愉快。(every time)
_______________________________________________________________
14.这道题太难了, 我答不出来。(such...that引导的倒装句)
_______________________________________________________________
15.尽管这份工作有难度, 但它很有趣。(while)
_______________________________________________________________
三、阅读理解
Sam Gilliam was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, in 1933 as the seventh child of eight to a father who worked on the railroad and a homemaking mother. He attended the University of Louisville for both bachelor's and master's degrees, but in 1962moved to Washington, D.C., where he lived and had his studio(工作室) for the rest of his life. He became one of the outstanding artists of the Washington Color School—a 1950smovement that attached great importance to large fields of color.
He was very interested in freeing his paintings from the limit of canvases(画布) and frames. Instead, in his Drape works of the 1960s, he took unstretched canvases and hung them from ceilings or pinned them in great waterfalls to walls. Each time his work—part painting, part sculpture—was displayed in an exhibition, it hung differently, never the same way twice.
In a 2018 Morning Edition profile, Gilliam explained that the intention behind his Drape works was "to develop the idea of movement into shapes"—and that he was inspired by laundry(刚洗好的衣物) hanging from a clothesline.
His works are represented in the collections of some of the world's most celebrated museums, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Museum of Modern Art in New York, the Art Institute of Chicago, Tate Modern in London, and the Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris. In 2015, he was awarded the U.S. Department of State's Medal of Arts Lifetime Achievement Award.
In the 2018 Morning Edition profile, then 84-year-oldGilliam said that he felt that he was in his prime, despite health challenges. “I've never felt better in my life. I stopped drinking, and I stopped smoking. I live for this period of being in the studio and actually working."
16.What do we know about Gilliam
A.He leads a 1950s movement. B.He stresses the large areas of color.
C.He has a deep interest in the canvas. D.He likes to exhibit his paintings himself.
17.What causes Gilliam to hang his paintings unusually
A.A detail in daily life. B.His strange imagination.
C.His attention to paintings. D.An idea of movement.
18.What can we infer about Gilliam in the last paragraph
A.He feels bad in his life. B.He loves painting deeply.
C.He makes a living by painting. D.Smoking and drinking are his favorite.
19.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A.Entertainment. B.Health. C.History. D.Culture.
四、七选五
Leonardo da Vinci and Nature
In the modern world, art and science are two dramatically separate activities, but in Leonardo's time they were closely connected. Science meant mathematics and medical studies. ①_______ Mathematics included practical work like surveying land for making maps as well as measuring the movements of the stars in the sky. An artist might need to measure the different parts of the body. He could also use mathematics to place things in relationship to each other in a drawing or painting so the scene looked correct. ②_______
Mathematics is also connected to music because musical sounds have a fixed relationship with each other that can be described in numbers. ③_______ More than this, though, Leonardo believed that numbers were a part of all things in the world, including music, and he said that "without them nothing can be done".
"Mysterious nature has kindly given us things everywhere to copy," wrote Leonardo. In all his activities, Leonardo was trying to discover the rules that controlled nature. In his search for those rules, he looked very carefully at a lot of examples and details. Actual experience was more important to him than the opinion, and he worked from facts to ideas. ④_______ His purpose was to examine the world so he could copy it in beautiful paintings and sculptures. He also wanted to learn from the clever solutions of nature.
⑤_______ His quick little sketches, often done while wandering outside, helped him to catch a movement or a shape. More careful drawings would be done at a desk with a pen and a ruler. In July 2001, a small drawing by Leonardo was sold for $ 12 million. It was the most expensive drawing in the world.
A. Leonardo was always drawing.
B. How could these be connected with art
C. Leonardo was also an influential philosopher.
D. Mathematicians and doctors worked to discover the unknown.
E. Above all, Leonardo wanted to understand how and why things worked.
F. Leonardo himself was a very good musician and liked to play an instrument and sing.
G. You will see a good example of such positioning in the painting of The Last Supper.
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：ambitious
解析：考查形容词。设空处修饰名词project,应用形容词作定语。故填ambitious。句意:这个宏大的项目仅仅6个月就完成了。
2.答案：terrified
解析：考查动词-ed 形式作表语。句意:Linda因为被一个陌生人跟踪而感到恐惧。设空处说明Linda的状态,应用动词-ed 形式作表语。故填terrified。
3.答案：be exposed
解析：考查被动语态。分析句子成分可知,设空处作从句的谓语动词,且所给提示词expose与从句主语real name之间是被动关系,所以应用被动语态。故填be exposed。句意:由于意大利的隐私法,“Nicolo”的真实姓名不能公之于众,他完成了在都灵的一家工厂一整晚的工作。
4.答案：pleased
解析：考查-ed形式的形容词作表语。句意:她父母得知她获奖的消息非常高兴。此处应用pleased作表语,修饰主句主语Her parents。故填pleased。
5.答案：amazed
解析：考查-ed形式的形容词作表语。句意:游客们对导游展示的令人惊叹的绘画感到惊奇。主语Visitors指人,所以应用形容词amazed作表语。故填amazed。
6.答案：wandering
解析：考查现在分词。句意:当我2004年回到伦敦时,我发现自己漫步到了南岸,在那里待了几个小时。分析句子成分可知,设空处为“find+宾语+宾补”结构中的宾补,其与宾语myself之间为主动关系,所以应用动词-ing形式作宾补。故填wandering。
7.答案：to
解析：考查固定短语。句意：我们想让孩子们接触尽可能多的艺术和文化。固定短语expose...to...表示“使……接触……”,其中to是介词。故填to。
8.答案：sunburned/sunburnt
解析：句意: 我们都有点晒伤, 但是那天是如此的令人放松, 我们并不在意。此处的get是系动词, we与sunburn是被动关系, 故填过去分词, 构成"get+过去分词"式被动式。get sunburned/sunburnt意为"被晒伤"。
9.答案：seated
解析： 考查过去分词。句意：请坐好，直到飞机完全停下来。seated是动词seat的过去分词与系动词remain构成系表结构，remain seated表状态，意为“坐着不动”。
10.答案：connected
解析： 句意：对于那些与家人相距遥远的人来说，个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面很重要。stay connected保持联系。
二、翻译句子
11.答案：When I arrived home, I saw my mother cooking dinner in the kitchen.
12.答案：The tiger looked so frightening that I dared not touch it.
13.答案：Every time I hear that song, I feel happy.
14.答案：Such a difficult question is it that I can't work it out.
15.答案：While this work is difficult, it is interesting.
三、阅读理解
16.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“He became...attached great importance to large fields of color.”可知,他重视大面积的色彩。故选B。
17.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段可知,Gilliam的灵感来自晾衣绳上挂着的衣服。由此可推断,生活中的一个细节使得他挂画的方式与众不同。故选A。
18.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后三句可知,Gilliam觉得自己这辈子从没这么好过,他戒酒了,也戒烟了,他就是为了在工作室里工作而活的。前文提到Gilliam是一名画家,此处介绍了Gilliam在绘画工作上的付出。由此可推断,Gilliam十分热爱绘画。故选B。
19.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。纵观全文,本文主要讲述著名艺术家Sam Gilliam的一生及其在艺术领域中所取得的成就。由此可推断,文章可能出自报纸的文化部分。故选D。
四、七选五
答案：BGFEA
解析：这是一篇说明文。通过对达·芬奇进行艺术创作这一事件进行以下方面的说明:数学、音乐与艺术的关系,以及自然与艺术的关系。
①由设空处前面两句可知,在莱昂纳多的时代,科学与艺术紧密相连。科学意味着数学和医学研究。B项“那这些是如何与艺术相联系的呢 ”符合语境。
②由设空处前的place things和in a drawing or painting可知接下来是对一幅画及其布局的描述。G项“你会看到一个好的例子,在《最后的晚餐》这幅画里(人物)位置的安排。”符合语境。
③本段描述的是与音乐有关的话题,数学与音乐的关系。因此可以推出达·芬奇也应该熟悉并精通音乐。F项“莱昂纳多他自己就是一个非常优秀的音乐家,喜欢演奏乐器和唱歌。”符合语境。
④在设空处前面的描述中可以得知:达·芬奇在探寻这些规则的时候,认真仔细地观察大量的实例和细节。实践经历比起他自己的观点更重要,然后他经常通过事实得出观点。接下来会描述他到底想要做什么。因此E项“首先,莱昂纳多想要理解事物是如何运作的,又为什么会这么运作。”符合语境。
⑤设空处后面的内容主要围绕画画来讲,设空处位于这一段的开头,有总领全段的作用,故A项“莱昂纳多总是画画。”符合语境。
2Unit 4 Exploring poetry——2023-2024学年英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第一册大单元思维强化
大单元思维知识整合
一、重点单词
representative (n.)代表，典型；众议员；继任者；(adj.) 代议制的；典型的
representation (n.)代表；表现，描述；陈述
owe (v.)欠；感激；归功于；应给予
debt (n.)债务
blame (n.) 责备；责任；(v.) 归咎于；责怪
represent vt.代表；成为……实例；象征；描绘；正式提出（意见、抗议等）
emphasis (n.) 强调，重视；加强语气；重音
advocate (v.) 拥护，提倡；(n.) 拥护者，提倡者；辩护律师
belief (n.) 相信；信任，信赖；信念
believe (v.) 相信，认为真实
claim (v.)（提出）要求；声称；断言； (n.) 要求；声称；断言；声明
encounter (n.) 邂逅，遭遇，冲突；(v.) 意外地遇见，遭到，与……发生冲突
tolerant (adj.) 宽容的；能耐……的
tolerate vt. 忍受，容忍
tolerable (adj.)可容忍的，可忍受的
tolerance (n.)宽容，宽恕；忍耐力，忍受性
emphasise (v.)强调；重视；着重
grasp (n.) 抓住；控制；理解；(v.) 抓住；领会
contradictory (adj.) 相互矛盾的，对立的，不一致的
contradict (v.) 反驳，驳斥；相矛盾
patience (n.) 耐性，耐心；忍耐，容忍
patient (adj.) 有耐心的； (n.)病人
patiently (adv.) 耐心地
impatiently (adv.) 没耐心地
impatient (adj.) 没有耐心的
impatience (n.) 不耐烦，无耐心
reward (n.) 报答，报酬；酬金；奖赏；(v.) 报答；酬谢；奖励
二、重点短语
1.be representative of sb./sth. 代表某人/某物
2.represent... as... 把……描绘成……
3.be cast down (by sth.)（因某事）沮丧，不愉快
4.cast aside 抛弃，丢弃
5.be cast away（船遇难后幸存者）流落某处
6.cast sb. as… 选……扮演……
7.an all-star cast 全明星阵容
8.owe it to oneself to do sth.（认为）自己应该做某事
9.owe sb. sth. 欠某人某物
10.owe sb. for sth. 因某事欠某人钱
11.own sb. (sth.) for sth. 因某事欠某人（某物）
12.owe it to sb. to do sth.（认为）应该为某人做某事
13.owe sth. to ... 把某事归因于/归功于……
14.owe sb. sth. 把某事归因于/归功于某人
15.owe it all to sb. 把一切归因于/归功于某人
16.be in debt 负债（强调状态）
17.be out of debt 不负债（强调状态）
18.go/get/run/fall into debt 陷入债务之中（强调动作）
19.get out of debt 摆脱债务，不负债（强调动作）
20.pay off one's debts 还清某人的债务（强调动作）
21.blame sth. on sb./sth. 把某事归咎于某人/某事
22.blame… for (doing) sth. 因（做）某事责备……
23.lay/put/place emphasis on sth. 强调/重视某事
24.emphasise the importance of... 强调……的重要性
25.dvocate (doing) sth. 提倡（做）某事，主张（做）某事
26.advocate that… 提倡/主张……
27.an advocate for/of… ……的支持者/拥护者
28.beyond belief令人难以置信
29.have belief in 相信……，信任……；怀有……信念
30.have/hold the belief that... 相信……
31.It's one's belief that… = One's belief is that… 某人相信……
32.believe in sb. 信任某人
33.believe it or not信不信由你
34.put in/make a claim for... 提出……的赔偿要求；要求……的赔偿
35.claim that... 声称……
36.claim to do sth. 声称做某事
37.claim sth. from sb. (for sth.) （因……）向某人索要……
38.claim sth. back 索回某物
39.encounter problems/difficulties 遇到问题/困难
40.be tolerant of/towards... 对……宽容
41.tolerate (sb./sth.) doing sth. 容许（某人/某物）做某事
42.beyond one's grasp 某人无法理解
43.have a good grasp of... (=have a good command of…) 很好地掌握……
44.grasp a chance/an opportunity 急忙抓住机会，毫不犹豫地抓住机会
45.be contradictory to 与……相矛盾/对立
46.in contradiction to 与……相对立（或截然不同）
47.be/run out of patience with… 对……没有耐心
48.lose patience with… 对……失去耐心
49.with patience 耐心地
50.a reward for (doing) sth. 因（做）某事而获得的奖励
51.in reward (for…) 作为（对……的）回报/奖赏
52.give/offer a reward to sb. for sth. 为某事而给某人奖励/报酬
53.reward sb. with sth. 用某物奖励某人
54.reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因（做）某事奖赏某人
55.dig out 挖出
56.dig into sth 探究某事物
57.dig for sth 采某物，搜寻某物；挖掘某物
三、重点句型
1. Driven by a burning desire for adventure and travel, Li Bai left home and started to travel around in his early twenties. ( 过去分词(短语)作状语)
2. First, follow your ears. (祈使句)
3. Second, approach the poem as if you were an explorer in an unfamiliar landscape. (as if引导的方式状语从句)
四、重点用法
1. 过去分词(短语)作状语
过去分词(短语)作状语时,一般用来表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、让步等,其所表示的动作和句子的主语在逻辑上是被动关系。
The film star got off the train, surrounded by her fans.
那位电影明星下了火车，被她的粉丝团团围住。
注意：
现在分词(短语)作状语时，其所表示的动作和句子语在理辑上是主动关系。
过去分调(短语)和现在分词(短语)作状语时，前面可以连词 when, while, if, unless, though, although等。
When asked what had happened, he felt extremely frightened.
当被问发生了什么事情时，他感到很害怕。
If repaired well, the washing machine could be used again.
如果被修好，这台洗衣机还能再次使用。
2. as if引导的方式状语从句
as if引导的方式状语从句，此处as if从句中使用的是虚拟语气。as if可以换成as though。
(1) as if从句中使用虚拟语气时，若表示与现在事实相反，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时；若表示与过去事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时；若表示将来的可能性很小，从句的谓语动词用"would(might, could, should)+动词原型"
You look as if you didn't care.
你看上去好像并不在乎。
(2) as if引导的从句也可以用陈述语气，这时表示的内容是或许可能是事实。
It looks as if it is going to rain.
看起来好像要下雨了。（事实是确实要下雨）
(3)as if后面可以接分词短语、不定式短语形容词或介词短语。
I had a sensation of falling, as if in a dream.
我有一种坠落的感觉，像在梦中似的。
五、重点语法
1. 动词不定式的功能
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语等多种成分。
（1）做主语
①含义：表示具体的或一次性的动作。
②谓语动词的数：动词不定式做主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
③位置：动词不定式做主语时，可位于句首，也可位于句末。（it 做形式主语）
To do such things is very foolish.
做这样的事情是很愚蠢的。
It is very interesting to play in the snow in winter.
冬天在雪地里玩是很有趣的。
注意：
不定式做主语时多数情况下可以用动名词替换，但在以下三种情况下不能替换：
①一些固定说法中；
②表示强烈的对比时；
③表示某一次具体的动作或具体的情况时。
To err is human.
人非圣贤，孰能无过。
To respect others is to be respected.
尊重别人就是尊重自己。
To finish this work in one day is impossible.
一天之内完成这项工作是不可能的。
（2）做宾语
①有些动词后常跟不定式（而不跟动词-ing形式）做宾语。
如decide，afford，agree，attempt，choose，determine，demand，expect，fail，hope，manage，offer，plan，prepare，pretend，promise，refuse等。
We decided to leave early.
我们决定早点动身。
②用于“动词+ it +adj./n.+ to do sth.”结构中，其中it为形式宾语，动词不定式为真正的宾语。能用于该结构的动词有feel，find，think，believe，consider，make等。
I feel it my duty to help others.
我觉得帮助别人是我的职责。
I find it pleasant to work with him.
我发现跟他一起工作挺愉快的。
（3）做表语动词不定式置于be，become，sound，taste 等系动词后面做表语时，常表示将来的动作或起解释说明的作用，其主语常常是wish，idea，task，purpose，duty，job等表示意向、打算、计划的词。
His dream is to become an astronaut.
他的梦想是成为一名宇航员。
（4）做定语
①动词不定式做定语可表示将来的还没发生的动作。
There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the moon.
在我们准备长时间待在月球上之前，还有许多要处理的问题。
②序数词、形容词最高级或the last/the only/the next等后常用动词不定式做定语。
He was the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作的最佳人选。
③抽象名词time，way，reason，chance，courage，ability，promise，attempt等后常用动词不定式做定语。
He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow.
他许诺明天按时来这儿。
④something，nothing，anything等不定代词后常用动词不定式做定语。
Do you have anything to say
你有什么要说的吗
（5）做状语动词不定式可做目的状语、原因状语、结果状语。
To catch the first bus, he got up early.
为了赶头班车，他起得很早。（目的）
Glad to see you.
见到你很高兴。（原因）
He got to the station only to find the train had left.他到了车站却发现火车已经开走了。（结果）
（6）做补语ask，tell，invite，get，advise，allow，want，permit， warn，order，encourage，prefer，expect，force，wish，beg等动词后可接动词不定式做补语。
My teacher encouraged me to study abroad.
我的老师鼓励我出国留学。
2. 动词-ing形式的功能
动词-ing形式可做主语、宾语、表语、状语（时间状语、原因状语、结果状语、条件状语、让步状语、方式状语、伴随状语）、补语等。
Seeing is believing.
眼见为实。（主语、表语）
Would you mind my smoking
你介意我抽烟吗？（宾语）
Being tired, I stopped to have a rest.
我累了，于是停下来休息。（原因状语）
I saw my children taking their books to the library.
我看见我的孩子们带书去了图书馆。（补语）
3.动词-ed形式的功能
动词-ed形式可做表语、定语、状语、补语等。
I am tired now.
我现在累了。（表语）
fallen leaves 落叶（定语）
Given more time, I will do better.
如果给我更多的时间，我会做得更好。（状语）
I saw a whale killed by a group of killer whales.
我看见一头鲸被一群虎鲸杀死了。（补语）
大单元综合试题训练
一、语法填空
1.Suddenly I saw a tall figure _____(approach) toward the policeman.
2.What you said is contradictory _____ what you did.
3.Excuse me, could you please show me where I can find some _____(freeze) dumplings
4.We should _____(constant) urge ourselves to study hard.
5.Many experts advocate _____(reward) your child for good behaviour.
6.We got a little _____(sunburn), but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind.
7.Later, they learned to work with the seasons, planting at the right time and, in dry areas, _____(make) use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.
8.And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds _____(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
9.China's image is improving steadily, with more countries _____(recognize) its role in international affairs.
10.They make great gifts and you see them many times _________(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
二、翻译句子
11.即使我们不能达成一致, 我们仍然是好朋友。(even if; agree)
________________________________________________________________________
12.人们相信它开始于19世纪早期的英国。(It is believed that...)
________________________________________________________________________
13.当他们进入时, 他们发现中间放了一个盒子。(as; place; find+宾语+宾语补足语)
________________________________________________________________________
14.我们可以从唐诗中受益颇多, 所以让我们一起学习唐诗吧!(benefit)
________________________________________________________________________
15.事实证明，这项为提高人们环保意识而组织的活动取得了预期的效果。(turn out) (汉译英)
________________________________________________________________________
三、阅读理解
On Friday night, Annika was swimming in Howe Sound off Bowyer Island in Canada. As she swam, she ran her hands through the dark water, admiring the beautiful sea. It was only when she was back on shore that she noticed her wedding ring was missing. "She turned the room inside out," said Crockett, Annika's husband, whose grandmother got the ring in 1944, and later passed it down to him.
The next morning, Annika contacted local diving schools, hoping someone would search for the ring. "I just sent a few emails," she said. "But I didn't think they'd be open or answering emails. Fortunately, someone did. And they arrived an hour later.
The search was not easy, though. Crockett said the two divers searched the bottom of the ocean for an hour and a half. "They'd given up hope and they were actually swimming back, but then they spotted a baby octopus(章鱼)," he said. "They followed it for just a few seconds and then it led them to the ring."
"Amazing," said Annika. "Octopuses actually like bright things, from what I've heard." This was confirmed by Chris Harley, who studies animals and their behavior. "Octopuses do like to collect various objects and leave them out in front of their homes," he said.
The ring is now safely back on Annika's finger, and she's promised not to swim with it on again. But there was one other interesting moment in their engagement(订婚) story. When Crockett asked Annika to marry him, a whale showed up in the water near them. "I do think his grandma was part of this: a guardian angel(守护天使)," said Annika.
16.What was Annika's immediate reaction when she found her ring missing
A. She contacted local divers. B. She went back to the shore.
C. She searched her room for it. D. She apologized to her husband.
17.What do we know about the divers
A. They were ready to leave empty-handed at first.
B. They actually came across the ring on the shore.
C. They found the ring after catching the octopus.
D. They stayed in the sea for more than 2 hours.
18.What might Chris Harley think of the act of the octopus
A.Silly. B. Logical. C. Unique. D. Surprising.
19.What is the main idea of the text
A. A couple had a special guardian angel.
B. A wedding ring was lost but found again.
C. A couple talked about their engagement story.
D. An octopus helped a couple find their lost ring.
四、七选五
Poetry Writing Tips for Beginners
Poetry is one of the oldest and most respected literary forms. It takes a certain style and skill with words to create a good work of poetry. Here are some easy-to-follow tips on writing poetry:
①_________
Before you start the writing process, you should make sure that you read as many great poems as possible. Take a glance at the works of Neruda, Keats, Whitman, and Dickinson to name a few of the greats. This does not mean that you should copy their work of course. ②_________.
Choose a specific theme
Like any other type of literary work, your poem will need a specific theme. You can’t write a poem effectively if you don’t have a set theme. A theme will give your work both focus and a set goal. ③_________. It could be about loss, love, hate, greed, etc. Your theme could also be about a very specific event in your life, such as your first love or a broken relationship.
Read it aloud
During the writing process, it is important that you check how your poem sounds. ④_________.However, it may sound awkward or lacking once you read it aloud. So take the time to read your work aloud. Read it aloud after each stanza (诗节). If you want to be more thorough, you could read it aloud to family and friends.
Polish it up
After you have your poem critiqued (评论), now is the time to polish it up. Take their advice and make any changes to the wordplay or word usage. If you see any clunky wordplay in your work, try to smoothen them out. Remember that poetry should have a flow, an almost lyrical feel.
⑤_________.However, once you put these poetry tips for beginners into practice, you’ll be able to create quality poetry in no time.
A. Free your mind
B. Read great poems
C. It may seem perfect when you’re reading it
D. Your theme can be practically anything under the sun
E. Learning how to write poetry can be slow-going at first
F. It is still a very satisfying feeling to create great works of poetry
G. Think of them as references that will expand your horizons as a poet
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：approaching
解析：考查动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。句意:突然,我看见一个高大的身影正向警察靠近。根据语境可知,动词see后接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语,表示“看到某人正在做某事”。故填approaching。
2.答案：to
解析：考查固定搭配。be contradictory to意为“与……相矛盾”。故填to。
3.答案：frozen
解析：考查形容词。句意:打扰一下,您能告诉我在哪里能找到一些冷冻水饺吗 dumplings是名词,应用形容词修饰。故填frozen,表示“冷冻的”。
4.答案：constantly
解析：考查副词。句意:我们要不断地鞭策自己努力学习。urge是动词,应用副词修饰。故填constantly。
5.答案：rewarding
解析：句意为: 很多专家提倡对孩子的良好表现进行奖励。advocate意为"提倡", 后常接动名词作宾语, 故此处填rewarding。
6.答案：sunburned/sunburnt
解析：句意: 我们都有点晒伤, 但是那天是如此的令人放松, 我们并不在意。此处的get是系动词, we与sunburn是被动关系, 故填过去分词, 构成"get+过去分词"式被动式。get sunburned/sunburnt意为"被晒伤"。
7.答案：making
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意: 后来, 他们学会了因地制宜, 在适当的时间播种, 在干旱地区, 利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子可知, make所处的分句中无主语, 故此处需用非谓语动词。make和逻辑主语they之间是主动关系。所以此处用现在分词形式作状语。plant与make是并列的动作, planting已经给出提示, 所以抓住主干是本题的关键点。
8.答案：surrounding
解析：句意为: 并且, 当他看到江面上升腾的薄雾和环绕着山顶的轻柔的云时, 他流下了眼泪。分析句子结构并结合语境可知, 设空处为后置定语, 修饰the soft clouds, 且与其之间为逻辑上的主动关系, 应用现在分词, 故填surrounding。
9.答案：recognizing
解析：考查with的复合结构。with的复合结构在本句中作伴随情况状语,介词with的宾语countries与动词recognize(承认、认可)之间为主动关系,用动词的现在分词形式.故填recognizing。
10.答案：decorated
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的great gifts, 与decorate之间为被动关系, 所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
二、翻译句子
11.答案：Even if we can't agree with each other, we are still good friends.
12.答案：It is believed that it began in England in the early nineteenth century.
13.答案：As they entered, they found a box placed in the center.
14.答案：We can benefit a lot from Tang poetry, so let's learn it together.
15.答案：It turns out that the event organized to raise people’s awareness of environmental protection has achieved the desired effect.
三、阅读理解
16.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It was only when she was back on shore that she noticed her wedding ring was missing. ‘She turned the room inside out,’ said Crockett”可知,Annika回到岸上才发现戒指不见了,她的丈夫说她翻遍了房间的各个角落,由此可知,在发现戒指丢失后她的第一反应是在房间内搜寻它。
17.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They'd given up hope and they were actually swimming back”可知,在海底搜寻了一个半小时后,这些潜水者本来都放弃希望,要游回来了,由此可知,他们本来都要空手而归了。
18.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的Chris Harley的话“Octopuses do like to collect various objects and leave them out in front of their homes”可知,他知道章鱼喜爱搜集各种东西,放在住处前面,由此可推断,他认为这只章鱼的行为是合乎常理的。
19.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。阅读文章可知,本文主要讲述了一只章鱼帮助一对夫妻找回戒指的趣事,故选D项。
四、七选五
答案：①-⑤BGDCE
解析：①段落大意题。根据下文Before you start the writing process, you should make sure that you read as many great poems as possible.(在你开始写作之前,你应该确保你读了尽可能多的好诗)可知,这一段是建议在开始写诗前,要多读好诗。由此可知,选项B"Read great poems(读好诗)"和下文—致,符合语境。故选B项。
②推理判断题。根据上文This does not mean that you should copy their work of course.(当然,这并不意味着你应该抄袭他们的作品)可知,此处是建议在读优秀的诗歌,但是不要复制抄袭。由此可知,选项G"Think of them as references that will expand your horizons as a poet(把它们当作参考,可以扩展你作为诗人的视野)"指出把读过的诗当做参考,拓展视野,和下文上文一致,符合语境。故选G项。
③推理判断题。根据下文It could be about loss, love, hate, greed, etc. Your theme could also be about a very specific event in your life, such as your first love or a broken relationship.(它可能是关于失去、爱、恨、贪婪等。你的主题也可能是关于你生活中的一个非常具体的事件,比如你的初恋或破裂的关系)可知,这一段作者建议选定主题,但是主题的范围特别广泛。由此可知,选项D"Your theme can be practically anything under the sun(你的主题可以是太阳下的任何东西)“也指明主题范围很宽,和下文一致,符合语境。故选D项。
④推理判断题。根据下文However, it may sound awkward or lacking once you read it aloud.(然而,一旦你大声朗读,它可能听起来很尴尬或缺乏什么)可知,这一段建议写完诗后要读出来听听。且这一句话用转折副词however"然而"与上文连接,说明上文应该是指出:所写的诗读起来感觉很不错。由此可知,选项C"It may seem perfect when your reading it (当你读它时,它似乎是完美的)"和下文存在转折关系,符合语境。故选C项。
⑤段落大意题。根据下文However, once you put these poetry tips for beginners into practice, you'll be able to create quality poetry in no time.(然而,一旦你将这些针对初学者的诗歌技巧付诸实践,你将能够在短时间内创作出高质量的诗歌)可知,此处作者指出只要认真按照本文提供的建议学习写诗,很快就能写出好诗。且这一句话用转折副词however"然而"与上文连接,说明上文应该是指出:最开始学写诗很难很慢。选项E"Learning how to write poetry can be slow-going at first(最开始学习写诗,可能速度会很慢)"和下文形成转折关系,符合语境。故选E项。
2Unit 1 Food matters
大单元思维知识整合
一、重点单词
expand (v.) 使扩张；扩大；发展
expansion (n.) 扩张，扩大
appropriate (v.) 占用；拨出；(adj.) 适当的；恰当的
appropriately (adv.)恰当地，合适地
inappropriate (adj.) 不适当的，不合适的
estimate (n.) 估计；估价；预测；看法；(v.) 估计，估算；评价
consume (v.) 吃，喝，饮；毁灭；使着迷
consumer (n.)消费者，顾客，用户
essential (adj.) 必要的；基本的；精华的；(n.) 要素，要点；本质；必需品
appetite (n.) 胃口，食欲；欲望；嗜好
eager (adj.) 热切的；热心的；渴望的，急切的
eagerly ad(v.)急切地；渴望地；热心地
impress (n.) 印记；痕迹；印象；影响；(v.) 给某人深刻印象；使铭记
impressive (adj.)给人深刻印象的；令人赞叹的
emphasis (n.) 强调，重视；加强语气；重音
mood (n.) 心境，情绪；基调，色调；气氛
combination (n.) 结合体，联合体；团体
combine (v.)结合，联合，混合，组合。
association (n.) 协会，社团；联合，联系
associate (v.)联想，联系；交往，（尤指）混在一起；(n.)伙伴，同事； (adj.)（常用于头衔）非正式的，准的，副的
associated (adj.)有联系的；相关的，有关联的
greedily (adv.)贪食地,贪婪地
greed (n.)贪婪，贪心
greedy (adj.)贪婪的，贪心的，渴望的。
vary (v.)改变；变化；使多样化
various (adj.)各种各样的；多姿多彩的
varied (adj.)各种各样的；变化的
variety (n.)不同种类；多样化
relieve (v.) 缓和，减轻
relief (n.)（不快过后）宽慰，轻松；解脱
二、重点短语
1. expand one's vocabulary 扩大词汇量
2. expand into… 扩展到……，发展成为……
3. expand on/upon sth. 详述某事，充分叙述某事
4. appropriate time/place 合适的时间/地点
5. be appropriate for/to sth. 适合……
6. It is appropriate to do sth. 做某事是合适的
7. It is estimated (that)... 据估计……
8. be estimated to be/have/cost sth. 被估计为/有/价值……
9. estimate sth. at… 估计某物为……
10. a rough estimate 粗略的估计
11. be essential for/to...对……来说是极为重要的
12. It is essential (for sb.)to do sth(对某人来说)做某事是完全必要的。
13. have a good/poor/no appetite 胃口好/胃口不好/没有胃口
14. develop an appetite for. . . 对……提起胃口
15. ruin one's appetite 破坏某人的食欲
16. lose one's appetite 某人失去胃口
17. an appetite for. . . 对……的喜爱/强烈欲望
18. be eager for...渴望得到......
19. be eager for sb.to do sth.渴望某人做某事
20. allow for 考虑；估计到；把……计算在内
21. allow(doing)sth. 允许(做)某事
22. allow sb.to do sth. 允许某人做某事
23. impress sb.with sth. 某物给某人留下深刻的印象
24. be impressed by/with... 被……打动,对……印象深刻
25. expand…into… 把……扩展成……
26. expand on/upon sth.详述/充分叙述/详细阐明某事
27. have a good/poor/no appetite 胃口好/胃口不好/没有胃口
28. develop an appetite for. . . 对……提起胃口
29. ruin one's appetite 破坏某人的食欲
30. lose one's appetite 某人失去胃口
31. an appetite for. . . 对……的喜爱/强烈欲望
32. lay/put/place emphasis on... 强调/重视……
33. in a good/bad mood 心情好/不好
34. put sb.in/into a good/happy mood使某人心情好/愉悦
35. in the/no mood for (doing)sth./to do sth.有/没有心情做某事
36. in combination with. . . 与……联合/结合起来
bine A and/with B使A与B相结合
bine (sth. ) with sth. (使……)与……结合起来
bine A and/with B兼有/兼做A和B
40. in association with...与……合伙/联合
41. associate … with … 把……和……联系/联想在一起
42. associate with sb. 与某人交往/混在一起
43. an associate editor/professor 副主编/副教授
44. be associated with… 与……有联系/相关联
45. be greedy to do sth. 渴望做某事
46. link A to/with B将A与B联系/连接起来
47. vary from…to… 从……到……各不相同
48. a variety of/ varieties of 各种各样的
49. relieve sb. of sth. 帮助某人减轻……的负担，解除某人的……职务
50. relieve one's pain/pressure减轻某人的痛苦/压力
51. in/with relief 如释重负；松了口气
52. to one's relief 使某人欣慰的是；令某人安心的是
三、重点句型
1. Sometimes the smell alone can do the trick, not to mention the lovely creamy flavour, which works like a time machine immediately transporting me back to my sunny childhood. (which引导的非限制性定语从句)
2. Comfort food tastes good and by building an emotional bond with our happy memories, always makes us feel good. (make+宾语+宾语补足语结构)
3. As the soup bubbled slowly over a gas burner in the middle of the table, its surface was covered with a beautiful layer of chillies, Sichuan peppers, spring onions and red oil. (as引导的时间状语从句)
4. The hot flavour quickened our laughter and conversation, making the meal the perfect way to relax with friends. (现在分词(短语)做结果状语)
四、重点用法
1. make+宾语+宾语补足语结构
make 在此处用作使动词，其宾语通常是名词或代词，宾语补足语用名词形容词
不带 to 的不定式过去分词等。
(1)make +名词/代词+名词,表示“使某人/某物成为……”，如果宾语补足语是表
示独一无二的职位或头衔的名词，其前不用冠词。
Make your enemy your friend.
化敌为友。
We made him captain of our team.
我们让他当队长
(2)make+名词/代词+形容词，表示“使某人/某物……”。
She has won the game, which made her parents proud.
她赢得了比赛，这让她的父母感到骄傲。
(3)make +名词/代词+省略 to 的不定式,表示“使某人/某物做某事”。
注意：该结构用于被动语态时,被省略的不定式符号 to要还原。
All of us were made to laugh by what he said.
他的话让我们都大笑起来。
(4)make +名词/代词+过去分词，表示“使某人/某物被……”
构成过去分词的动词与宾语(名词/代词)之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
I speak slowly to make myself understood.
我说得很慢，以便别人能听懂我的话。
注意：make后的宾语补足语不能用现在分词。
2. as引导的时间状语从句
as引导时间状语从句时,意为“当……时，随着”，强调主从句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行。
As she grew older she gained in confidence.
随着年龄的增长,她的信心增强了。
We all cheered as we watched the national flag rising in the Olympic Games on TV.在电视上看到国旗在奥运会会场上升的时候，我们都欢呼起来。
（教材P11）The hot flavour quickened our laughter and conversation, making the meal the perfect way to relax with friends.
火锅的辛辣味增加了我们的欢声笑语，使这顿饭成了和朋友一起放松的最佳方式。
五、重点语法
1. which 引导的非限制性定语从句
（1）which 引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词既可为单个的名词或代词，也可为前面的整个句子。
（2）which引导非限制性定语从句时在定语从句中可以做主语、宾语或表语，且不能省略。
The film, which I saw yesterday, is very wonderful.
我昨天看的那部电影很棒。（which在定语从句中做宾语）
She is an artist, which I am not.
她是一位艺术家，而我不是。（which在定语从句中做表语）
The reader wanted to buy the book, which was written by Mo Yan.
这位读者想买莫言写的那本书。（which 在定语从句中做主语）
He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true.
他说以前从没见过她，这不是真的。（which在定语从句中做主语）
2. 现在分词(短语)做结果状语
用法:(1)语法含义:表示自然而然的结果或意料之中的结果，现在分词前有时可加 thus以示强调。
(2)时态特征:现在分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，因此做结
果状语的现在分词用一般式。
(3)逻辑主语:句子的主语或现在分词前的整个句子。当现在分词的逻辑主语为前
面的整个句子时，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。
(4)位置:一般位于句末，且常用逗号与前面的句子成分隔开。
(5)扩展性:一般可转化为 so that 引导的结果状语从句。
A number of new machines were introduced, thus resulting in an increase in production.
由于引进了许多新机器,产量得到了提高。
He did his homework carelessly, making a lot of mistakes.
= He did his homework carelessly so that he made a lot of mistakes
他做家庭作业时粗心大意结果犯了很多错误
3. 动词不定式作主语和表语
（1）动词不定式作主语
①动词不定式作主语时，一般表示具体的或一次性的动作。作主语的不定式有时态和语态的变化，且谓语动词通常用单数。
To finish this job in one day is impossible.
要在一天之内完成这项工作是不可能的。（表示具体的情况）
注意：很多情况下，作主语的动词不定式都可以用动名词替代，但表示某些具体情况，或表示较强烈的对比，或在某些固定说法中时，通常不用动名词替代。
To err is human.人非圣贤，孰能无过。
To know everything is to know nothing. 样样皆通，样样稀松。
②若不定式太长，则往往用it代替不定式作形式主语，不定式移至谓语之后，以使句子结构平衡。其常见句型有以下4种：
1) It +be+形容词+(for/of sb.) to do sth.
2) It+be+名词+ to do sth.
3) It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.
4) It made sb. + adj. + to do sth.
It is very interesting to play in the snow in winter. 冬天在雪地里玩是很有趣的。
It is a great honour to hear you speak so highly of me. 听到你这么夸奖是我莫大的荣幸。
It takes ten years to grow trees, but a hundred years to rear people. 十年树木，百年树人。
It made me relaxed to know that I have passed the exam. 了解到我通过了考试，我感到很轻松。
（2）动词不定式作表语
①动词不定式作表语，可以说明主语的具体内容，还可以表示目的、结果、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿等，其主语通常为task，aim，purpose，wish，dream，duty，plan，hope，job，problem等名词，或是what引导的名词性从句。不定式作表语时，主语和表语有时可以交换位置，其意思不变。
I've had many dreams since I was a kid. Now my dream is to open a cafe.
我从小就有很多梦想。现在我的梦想是开一家咖啡馆。
The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it.
人生重要的事是有一个伟大的目标，以及实现它的决心。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.
我建议马上开始工作。
②动词不定式作表语省略to的情况
动词不定式作表语时，一般情况下不定式符号to不能省略，但当主语部分含有从句且从句谓语部分有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式符号to可以省略。
All we need to do is (to) live each day with passion.
我们需要做的就是充满激情地过好每一天。
Don't worry. What you need to do is (to) have a good sleep.
别担心，你需要做的就是好好睡一觉。
（3）动词不定式作主语和表语的注意事项
①动词不定式前通常可以加上for引导的短语，表示不定式的逻辑主语。
It would make me very happy for her to win the election.
如果她赢得选举，我会很高兴。
It only takes a few seconds for the computer to solve such a complicated problem.
只需要几秒钟计算机就可以解决这样复杂的问题。
注意：
在"It+be+形容词+(for/of sb.)to do sth."句型中，for或of均可引出不定式的逻辑主语，其区别为：如果形容词描述的是人的品质、品格，介词用of；如果形容词描述不定式所表示动作的特征，介词用for。
It's also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.
对父母来说，知道孩子在使用哪些应用程序也非常重要。
It was kind of Harry to give up his seat in the bus to the old woman.
哈里真善良，在公共汽车上把座位让给了那位老太太。
②动词不定式作主语和表语时，可以有时态、语态的变化。
It is a great honour for me to be invited here today.今 天 我很荣幸被邀请到这里来。（invite与其逻辑主语me之间是逻辑上的动宾关系）
Linda's birthday party is to be held next Friday.
琳达的生日聚会将于下星期五举行。（表示将来发生的被动动作）
大单元综合试题训练
一、语法填空
1. His treatment was a _____(combine) of surgery, radiation and drugs.
2. Mothers are often the ones who provide _______(emotion) support for the family.
3. On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take _______(get) there.
4. I feel it is your husband who is _____(blame) for the spoiled child.
5. The engine just won't start. Something seems _______(go) wrong with it.
6. Central authorities should support Hainan's daring reforms and _____(innovate), pushing for new achievements in the construction of the port.
7. It is common known that certain diseases _____ （link）with professions like lung disease of coal miners.
8. What I cry out for at present is _____（enhance）my overall competence.
9. It is important _____（stick）to it and work hard towards it.
10.When money grows to a certain degree, we go to the bank and open an account, __________ (entitle) the bank clerks to count money for us. (所给词的适当形式填空)
二、翻译句子
11.每当您使用它时，请尽情享受。(whenever)
_____________________________________________________________________
12.他告诉我他的工作是开车。(不定式做表语)
_____________________________________________________________________
13.他不仅是一位教师,而且是一位诗人。(not only引导的部分倒装)
_____________________________________________________________________
14.使他如此兴奋的是他在比赛中获得了第一名。(what引导的主语从句)
_____________________________________________________________________
15.如果这个方法不起作用的话,他们应该去咨询医生,寻求专业的帮助。(consult; professional)
_____________________________________________________________________
三、阅读理解
McDonald's food holds plenty of secrets, and Chicken McNuggets(麦乐鸡块) are no exception. The boxed, bite-size pieces of chicken are one of the fast food producer's most popular menu items. But there's something even the most devoted chicken nugget(鸡块) consumers may not know: every nugget that comes out of McDonald's is guaranteed to be one of four different shapes.
Don't worry though, it's not some strange chicken plot. It's the result of a carefully planned process that occurs in McDonald's factories. A Business Insider video, using continuous shooting mode from a McDonald's factory in Canada, offers an inside look into chicken nugget production. Before it goes to the fryer, the ground chicken breast meat that will become Chicken McNuggets goes through a "rolling cookie cutter" machine. The cutter ensures that the nuggets-to-be are all in the same width and one of four shapes. The shapes are the "boot," the "bell," the "ball," and the "bone" (or "bow tie").
But just how different are the four shapes How do you tell your boots from your bow ties Well, the ball is round, as you might expect. The bone/bow tie looks less like either of those things than like a somewhat bent rectangle(矩形). The bell is diamond-shaped, and the boot really does look somewhat like a wide boot with a thin toe.(Or like a hook, if you turn it over.) Though the shapes are somewhat less different after the batter(面糊) is added, see if you can still identify them the next time you get your Chicken McNuggets.
But why they have special shapes A curious consumer posed the question. A company representative replied that the shapes and their similar sizes ensure that they all take the same time to cook, which is necessary to ensure food safety. Plus, the shapes are fun for kids, and easy to dip for everyone!
And why is four the lucky number Well, the Q&A page claims that "Three would've been too few. Five would've been, like, silly or unreasonable." Honestly, though, we doubt McDonald's consumers would have really cared either way.
16. How are Chicken McNuggets' shapes formed
A. They are processed by a cutting machine.
B. The four shapes are made by machine freely.
C. Some batter is added to the chicken breast meat.
D. They are the natural forms of the chicken breast meat.
17. What do we know about the shapes of McDonald's Chicken McNuggets
A. The ball and the bell are of the same size.
B. The bone shape is most attractive to small kids.
C. The regular shapes make processing easier and safer.
D. The different shapes can arouse people's imagination.
18. What is the author's attitude to the number four of McDonald's Chicken McNuggets
A. Positive. B. Disapproving. C. Doubtful. D. Unconcerned.
19. What is the text mainly about
A. The history of McDonald's Chicken McNuggets.
B. A warning against eating McDonald's Chicken McNuggets.
C. The introduction of McDonald's Chicken McNuggets' four shapes.
D. An explanation of the processing of McDonald's Chicken McNuggets.
四、七选五
Cooking is one of the most pleasant and important human activities. However, preparing meals is more of a trouble now than a way to celebrate being alive.①____
Start with a plan, which you can find online. Choose whichever day of the week appropriate for your schedule to buy groceries, and use that as your starting point each week. Remember, it doesn't have to be Sunday or Monday. ②____ Avoiding the two days will save you a great amount of time and gas money.
③____With this in mind, you'd better check what you have in the fridge and use those as a base to process first to prevent them from going bad! Save your weekly grocery trips for fresh stuff like tomatoes, eggs, and other things that will go bad more quickly.
Make the most of money. Buy ingredients that can be used in many meals. ④____ Plus, it's kind of a fun puzzle to see how many ways you can use one ingredient. For example, I love Latin and Asian foods, so I keep things like rice, bell peppers, garlic, and hot sauce on hand at all times.
Cook with others. Who said you had to make all the preparations yourself Get a group of friends to make several different dishes. You'll try something new and get meal inspirations. The goal here is to make life easier.⑤____
A. Use fresh ingredients first.
B. Try to avoid wasting food.
C. The traffic is too heavy on the two days.
D. Buy items you often use in great amounts.
E. This will keep your taste satisfied and your wallet happy.
F. And that can give you the freedom of mind to enjoy your food.
G. Thankfully, there are lots of small ways you can make cooking easier.
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：combination
解析：考查名词。根据a和of可知此处应用名词,故填combination。句意:对他的治疗是把手术、放射疗法和药物治疗结合为一体。
2.答案：emotional
解析：考查词性转换。句意：母亲通常是为家庭提供精神支持的人。空格后面的support为名词，所以应用形容词emotional修饰。
3.答案：to get
解析：句意为：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得很大，我们不禁想知道要花多长时间才能到那里。"it takes+一段时间+to do sth"为固定句型，意为"做某事需要多长时间"，it作形式主语，不定式短语为真正的主语。故填to get。
4.答案：to blame
解析：句意:我觉得这个孩子被宠坏应该怪你丈夫。blame的不定式作表语时,用主动形式表示被动意义, be to blame应受责备。
5.答案：to have gone
解析：句意为:发动机无法发动,好像出了毛病。seem意为“好像”,后加不定式作宾语,此处用to have gone表示动作已经发生。
6.答案：innovation
解析：考查名词。句意:中央机关应该支持海南大胆改革和创新,努力争取在港口建设方面取得新成就。连词and连接并列的名词作动词support的宾语。故填innovation。innovation作“创新”讲时为不可数名词。
7.答案：are linked
解析：考查时态、语态和主谓一致。that 从句中缺少谓语动词，link 与主语certain diseases 之间是被动关系，此处陈述的是客观事实，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are linked。
8.答案：to enhance
解析：考查动词不定式。what 引导主语从句，此处表示具体的动作，应接动词不定式作表语。故填to enhance。句意：我现在迫切需要的是提高自己的综合能力。
9.答案：to stick
解析：考查动词不定式。此处为“It is+形容词+to do sth.”句型，其中It为形式主语，不定式短语为真正的主语，故填to stick。句意：重要的是要坚持并为之努力。
10.答案：entitling
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当钱增长到一定程度，我们去银行开了帐户，让银行职员帮我们数钱。entitle是动词，意为：授予某人权利。分析句子可知，entitle与前面的谓语动词没有连词连接，因此要用entitle的非谓语动词形式。entitle与we之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填entitling。
二、翻译句子
11.答案：Whenever you use it, enjoy it.
12.答案：He tells me that his work is to drive a car.
13.答案：Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet.
14.答案：What made him so excited was that he won the first prize in the competition.
15.答案：If the method doesn't work, they should consult a doctor to look for professional help.
三、阅读理解
16.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“the ground chicken breast meat that will become Chicken McNuggets goes through a ‘rolling cookie cutter’ machine”可知,麦乐鸡块的形状是由切割机加工而成的。故选A。
17.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。由第四段第三句可知,这些形状和它们相似的尺寸确保了它们都需要相同的时间来烹饪,这是确保食品安全所必需的。所以麦乐鸡块规则的形状使加工更容易、更安全。故选C。
18.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知,我们不能肯定麦当劳的消费者真的会在意这两种情况。由此可推知,作者认为消费者可能并不在意形状的数量,作为消费者的一员,作者也并不关心。故选D。
19.答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章以“麦乐鸡块的四种形状”为中心,介绍了它们的制作方式、不同之处,所以C项“麦乐鸡块的四种形状的介绍”符合文章主旨。故选C。
四、七选五
答案：①-⑤ GCBEF
解析：①过渡句。根据上一句可知，现在做饭与其说是庆祝活着的一种方式，不如说是一种麻烦；结合下文介绍的方法可推知，G项承上启下，引出下面几个解决麻烦的小方法，符合语境。故选G。
②细节句。根据上一句可知，买食品杂货不一定要在周日或周一，结合选项可知C项解释了不能选择这两天的原因，承接上文，符合语境。C项中the two days指代的是上文的Sunday or Monday。故选C。
③主旨句。根据下一句可知，要检查一下冰箱里有什么，把它们作为首先要处理的东西，防止它们变质。此处强调的是先处理冰箱中易变质的物品，这样可以避免浪费。所以B项引起下文，符合本段主旨。故选B。
④细节句。本段主旨句表示要充分利用金钱。根据设空处上一句可知，要购买可以在很多餐中使用的食材。由此可知此处强调的是要在购买食材过程中省钱。E项承接上文，解释了购买可以在很多餐中使用的食材的好处，E项中的This指代的就是上文的“购买可以在很多餐中使用的食材”这件事。故选E。
⑤细节句。根据上文可知，此处说明通过和其他人共同准备食材，一起做饭，让生活更轻松。结合选项可知，F项承接上文，强调最终的结果是可以轻松地享受美食，符合语境。故选F。
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