人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists Learning About Language单词扫雷讲解课件(共27张PPT)

(共27张PPT)
选择性必修二
Unit 1
1. cholera n.霍乱
打败霍乱王 ____________________
翻译：霍乱曾经是世界上最让人恐惧的疾病之一。
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
2. severe adj. 极为恶劣的，十分严重的，严厉的
severely adv. 严重地; 严厉地
diarrhoea n.腹泻
dehydration n.脱水
hydration n.水化，水化作用
hydroenergy n.水能
hydrogen n.氢元素
翻译：这种疾病导致严重腹泻，脱水，甚至死亡。
_______________________________________________________
to defeat King cholera
Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in
the world.
The illness cause severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death.
diarrhoea
dehydration
3. frustrated adj. 懊恼的，沮丧的， 失意的
翻译：约翰斯诺医生很沮丧，因为无人知
道如何预防或治疗霍乱。
________________________________________
________________________________________
frustrate vt. 使沮丧; 挫败; 阻止
feel frustrated at/with ...对...感到沮丧
frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的
frustration n.沮丧
4. once and for all 最终地，彻底地
翻译：他决定彻底根除霍乱。
________________________________________
John Snow were frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.
He decided to destroy cholera once and for all.
Doctor John Snow
5. contraditory adj. 相互矛盾的，对立的，不一致的
翻译：当时医生们有两种不同的理论。
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
contradict vt.反驳，驳斥
contradition n.矛盾
6. infection n.感染，传染
infect vt. 使感染，传染
germ n.微生物，细菌，病菌
翻译：霍乱是由来自食物或水里的细菌的感染导致的。
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
In those days doctors had two contradictory theories.
Cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.
contraditory
infection
7. subscribe to 同意，赞同
翻译：斯诺赞成第二个理论。
______________________________________
subscriber n.订阅人，定期捐款人
subscription n. 订阅，赞成，捐款，认购
subscribe for 认购(股份)
8. proof n.证据，证明，检验
翻译：他依然需要证据。
_____________________________________
prove vi./Link.v 证明，证明是
翻译：这个办法被证实是有效的。
_____________________________________
Snow subscribed to the second theory.
He still needed proof.
The method proves effective.
to subscribe to a channel
9. multiple adj. 数量多的，多种多样的
multiply vt. 乘以
翻译：2乘以4等于8。_____________________
pump n.泵，抽水机，打气筒
water pump 水泵
翻译：在水泵附近有很多例死亡。
________________________________________
10. household n.一家人，家庭，同住一套房的人
adj. 家庭的，家常的
翻译：然而，有些住户无人死亡。、
________________________________________
2 multiplied by 4 is 8.
There were multiple deaths near the water pump.
However, some households had no deaths.
water pump
11. suspect vt./vi. 怀疑，不信任
n. 犯罪嫌疑人，可疑对象
suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人做某事
suspect sb to be ... 怀疑某人是...
a murder suspect 谋杀嫌疑犯
blame vt. 把...归咎于，责怪，职责
n. 责备，职责
blame sb for (doing) sth 因做某事而责备某人
blame sth on ... 把某事归咎于...
be to blame (对某事)负有责任,该受责备
bear the blame for sth 对某事承担责任
put/lay/place the blame for sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人
翻译：斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
___________________________________________
Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
suspect
12. handle n.把手，拉手，柄
vt. 处理，搬动，操纵(车辆，动物，
工具等)
翻译：他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就
用不成了。
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_______________________________________
13. intervention n.介入，出面，干涉
翻译：这一干预抑制了病毒的蔓延。
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_______________________________________
intervene vi.介入，干预
He had the handle of the water pump removed so that it could not be used.
The disease was stopped in its track by the intervention.
handle
14. link n.联系，纽带
vt. 把...联系起来，相关联
翻译：斯诺证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家
饮用水公司有关。
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
a link between ... and ...把A和B连接起来
be linked to/with... 与...有联系/有关
15. raw adj. 未煮的，生的，未经处理的，原始的
生水 ______________________
Snow was able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.
raw water
links among friens
16. pure adj. 干净的，纯的，纯粹的
purely adv. 完全，仅仅
pureness n. 纯度，纯粹
翻译：喝纯净水或者煮过的水是个好习惯。
_________________________________________
17. substantial adj. 大量的，价值巨大的，重大的
decrease n.减少 vt./vi.使减少，减小，降低
翻译：霍乱的威胁大幅降低。
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decrease to ... 减少到...
decrease by... 减少了...
decrease from... to... 从...减少到...
on the decrease 在减少中
It is a good habit to drink pure or boiled water.
The threat of cholera saw a substantial decrease.
pure water
on the decrease
18. thanks to 幸亏，由于
翻译：由于斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防
霍乱。
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
19. statistic n.统计数字 pl. statistics
transform vt. 使改观，使改变形态
翻译：通过使用统计数字和地图，斯诺改变了科学家
研究疾病的方式。
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___________________________________________
transform ... into ...把...变成...
transform sth from...to... 把...从...变成...
transformation n.改变，转变
We now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of Snow.
In the use of statistics and maps, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.
statistics
20. epidemiology n.流行病学
现代流行病学之父_______________________________
其他表示”某种学科”的词？_______________________
________________________________________
21. microscope n.显微镜
翻译：显微镜是一种常见的医学工具。
__________________________________________
微波炉___________
麦克风/微型话筒____________________
微生物学_______________________
the father of modern epidemiology
biology 生物 geology地质学
bacteriology 细菌学 ecology生态学
Microscope is a common medical tool.
microwave
microphone
microbiology
microwave
22. thinking n.思想，思维，见解
科学界的思维_______________________________
thought n.思想，想法
23. protein n.蛋白质
cell n.细胞，小房间，单间牢房
翻译：它抑制了身体的细胞的一种关键的蛋白质。
___________________________________________
24. virus n.病毒
感冒病毒的蔓延_____________________________
thinking of the scientific community
It blocks a key protein in the body’s cells.
the spread of cold-causing virus
food full of protein
cells
25. finding n.发现，调查结果，法律判决
翻译：斯诺宣布的调查结果是什么？
________________________________________
许多调查表明经常锻炼有益于健康。
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
26. initial adj. 最初的，开始的，第一的
vaccine n. 疫苗
在我们的疫苗研究的最初阶段___________________
_________________________________________
initiative n.倡议，新方案
What was the finding that Snow announced
Many findings show that doing exercise regularly is beneficial to our health.
at the initial stage of
our research on developing a vaccine
27. framework n.框架，结构
frame n. 支架，骨架
theoretical framework 理论框架
theory n.理论
practice n.实践
28. solid adj. 可靠的，固体的，坚实的，
n.固体
n. 液体？___________
埋头实干，扎实的工作______________
翻译：他开始埋头苦干。
______________________________________
liquid
solid work
a framework
He got down to doing some solid work.
29. cast vt. 投射，向...投以(视线，笑容等)
shadow n. 阴影，影子，背光处
rainbow n.彩虹
翻译：你站在一束白光中，它会用彩虹的所有
的色彩投射出你的不同的影子。
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30. pour vt. 倒出，倾泻，斟饮料
concrete n.混凝土 adj. 混凝土的，确实的，具体的
翻译：非牛顿液体很奇特，因为你可以像倾倒液体一样把它倒出来。但是如果对它施压，它会突然变得像混凝土一样坚硬。
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_____________________________________________________________
You stand in a white light, and it casts different shadows of you in every colour of the rainbow.
A non-Newtonian fluid is strange because you can pour it like a liquid, but if you put any pressure on it, it suddenly becomes hard as concrete.
pour out ______________
pour in _______________
pour into ______________
涌出，倒出
涌入
朝...里面倒入, 涌入
non-Newtonian liquid非牛顿液体
31. plasma n.血浆
以血浆的形式__________________________
32. aerospace n.航空航天工业
翻译：也许再没有哪一个科学家比钱学森对中国航空
航天科学的影响更大了。
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
33. patriotic adj. 爱国的
一位爱国诗人_________________________
in the formc of plasma
Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen
a patriotic poet
aerospace
a patriotic poet
34. mechanical adj. 机械的，发动机的，机器的
mechanic adj. 机械师，机械修理工
machine n. 机器
铁道机械工程______________________________
35. break out (战争，打斗)突然开始，爆发
翻译：淞沪会战爆发于1932年。
__________________________________________
break away from_______________
break down __________________
break in_____________________
break into ___________________
break through __________________
break up ______________________
Railway Mechanical Engineering
The Songhu Battle broke out in 1932.
摆脱，脱离
出故障，垮掉，失败
闯入，插嘴
突然闯入，非法闯入
突破
解散，驱散，分开，分手
36. aviation n.航空制造业，航空，飞行
转向航空专业_______________________________
37. defend vt. 保卫，防守，辩解
保卫国家___________________________________
defend oneself 自卫，为...辩护
defend against ...抵御...
defend sb from/against ... 保护某人免受...
defence n.防御，保卫，防御物
be in defence of ... 为了保卫..., 为...辩护
to switch to aviation
to defend the country
38. jet n.喷气式飞机
翻译：钱学森成为美国喷气式飞机和火箭技术的先驱人物。
____________________________________________________
39. assistant n.助理，助手
作为一个研究生助手____________________________
assist vt. 协助，帮助
40. in charge of 主管，掌管
翻译：他受命发展中国的火箭科学。
________________________________________________
charge n.掌管，照管，费用，控告 vt. 收费，控告，指控
in the charge of ... 在...掌管之下
take charge of ... 负责...,掌管...
free of charge 免费
charge sb for sth 为...向某人收费
charge sb with sth 以某事指控某人
Qian became a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology.
as an graduation assistant
He was put in charge of developing China’s rocket science.
jet
41. missile n. 导弹
leadership n.领导，领导地位，领导才能
翻译：在钱学森的领导下，中国研制出“东风导弹”。____________________________________________
____________________________________________
42. trace vt. 追溯，追踪，查出 n.痕迹，遗迹，踪迹
翻译：这种技术可以追溯到钱学森的研究。
____________________________________________
43. outstanding adj. 优秀的，杰出的，明显的
一名杰出的、富有创造性的科学家
______________________________________________
Under Qian’s leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missile.
The technology can be traced back to Qian’s research.
an outstanding and creative scientist
to launch a missile
44. gifted adj. 有天赋的，有天才的，天资聪颖的
一位天资聪颖的科学家_______________________
be gifted in doing sth 在做...方面有天赋
be gifted with sth 天生具备
gift n. 才华，天赋，礼物
have a gift/talent for sth 有...的天赋
e down with 患（病），染上（小病）
翻译：他患上了一种使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力的疾病。
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
come across _________________
come on ___________________
come out ___________________
come up ___________________
come up with _____________
When it comes to..., _______________________
a gifted scientist
He came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles.
偶然遇见
快点，加油
露出，出现
出现，被提出
想出，提出
当谈到某事的时候，...
a gifted scientist
46. abstract adj. 抽象的，理论上的
n. 摘要
抽象的思维____________________________
47. steady adj. 稳定的，平稳的，稳步的
concept n.概念，观念
稳恒态概念______________________________
48. astronomer n.天文学家
astronomy n.天文学
astronaut n.宇航员
telescope n.望远镜
tele-表示“远程的”，如telephone_____________
television _____________
翻译：“宇宙大爆炸”理论被天文学家们用望远镜验证了。
________________________________________________________
abstract thought
the steady state concept
电话
电视
The big bang theory was proven by astronomers with telescopes.
an astronomer
49. besides prep.除了之外 adv. 而且，此外
brilliant adj. 聪颖的，绝妙的，明亮的
翻译：除了聪明之外，他还很勇敢。
_________________________________________
brilliance n. 光辉; 透明（洁净）度
50. furthermore adv. 此外，再者
翻译：此外，他还很有决心。
__________________________________________
51. above all 最重要的是，尤其是
fault n. 弱点，过错
翻译：最重要的是，霍金敢于承认错误。
___________________________________________
be one’s fault 是某人的过错
be at fault 有过错
find fault with 挑剔
faulty adj. 有错误的，优缺点的
Besides being brilliant, he is very brave.
Furthermore, he is quite determined.
Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults.
52. shift n. 改变，转换，轮班
vi./vt. 转移，挪动，转向
翻译：由于个人兴趣的转变，钱学森换了他的专业。
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
53. vivid adj. 生动的，鲜明的，丰富的
翻译：他们肯定有着丰富的想象。
_______________________________________
vividly adv. 生动地
vividness n. 生动; 鲜明; 逼真
Qian changed his major because of a shift in personal interest.
They must have a vivid imagination.