Unit 1 Growing up
大单元思维知识整合
一、重点单词
integrity n．正直诚实
virtue n. 美德
licence n. 执照
loan n. (银行等的)贷款
wage n. (按小时、日或周计算的)工资，薪金
tax n. 税
ambulance n. 救护车
mature adj. 成熟的，明白事理的
librarian n. 图书馆管理员
household adj. 家庭的
minimum adj. 最小的，最少的
routine n. 惯例，习惯
chew v. 咀嚼
consequence n. 后果
golf n. 高尔夫球运动
politics n. 政治
airline n. 航空公司
bond n. 纽带，关系
digest v. 消化(食物)
bond n. 纽带，关系
二、重点短语
in charge of 主管，负责
have a say 有发言权
behind the wheel 在驾驶汽车
take responsibility for 对……负责
a strong sense of social responsibility一种强烈的社会责任感
for the first time 第一次
lay aside 把……搁置一边
devote oneself to 致力于，献身于
at a glance 一瞥，看一眼
close at hand 在附近，近在咫尺
in the course of在……过程中
contribute to有助于；贡献
in the long term从长远来看
in progress正在进行中
三、重点句型
1. In most countries, turning 18 marks the start of adulthood. (动词 ing形式作主语)
2. But I think I'm already mature enough to understand that driving a car also means taking responsibility for my life and the lives of other people. (be＋形容词＋enough＋to do sth.)
3. I expected to feel instantly different, as if I had closed the door on my childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world. (as if引导状语从句，从句使用了虚拟语气，表示与过去的事实相反)
4. In most countries, turning 18 marks the start of adulthood. (动词 ing形式作主语)
(1)动词 ing形式作主语往往表示一般的或习惯性的动作，谓语动词用单数形式；
(2)动词 ing形式作主语时，有时用it作形式主语，而把动名词(短语)后置，常见结构：
It is useless/no use/no good/a waste of time＋doing sth.做某事是无用的/没有用的/没有好处的/浪费时间的；
(3)动词 ing形式作主语时可以有自己的逻辑主语，构成动名词的复合结构。
5. I expected to feel instantly different, as if I had closed the door on my childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world. (as if引导状语从句或表语从句)
as if(＝as though)意为“似乎，好像”，常引导表语从句或状语从句。
(1)如果as if/though所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生，句子要用陈述语气。
(2)如果所引导的从句只是表示一种假设的情况，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其形式如下：
①表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用一般过去时(从句中be动词常用were)；
②表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用过去完成时；
③表示与将来事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。
(3)当as if/though引导的从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句中有be的某种形式时，从句中的主语和系动词可省略，后面直接跟名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式或分词。
四、重点语法
讲来进行时
一、将来进行时的构成和用法
1.构成
肯定句：主语+ will/shall(shall用于第一人称)+be + v-ing…
否定句：主语+will/shall+not +be+v-ing…
一般疑问句：Will/Shall +主语+be + v-ing…
特殊疑问句：①疑问代词/疑问副词+will/shall+主语+be + v-ing...
②疑问代词（主语）+will+be+v-ing…
用法
（1）表示将来某一时刻或某一时间段正在进行的或持续的动作。
Don't phone me between 8:00 and 10:00 tomorrow morning. I'll be having classes then.
明天上午8点到10点之间不要给我打电话，我那时正在上课。
This time tomorrow they will be sitting in the cinema.明天这个时候，他们会在电影院看电影。
（2）用于询问别人的计划、打算，比用一般将来时显得更礼貌；也可用于表示语气较和缓的命令。
When will you be coming again 你什么时候再来
Will you be using your car tomorrow If not, can I borrow it
你明天用车吗？要是不用，我可以借用吗？
You will be coming at six o'clock.你要在6点来。（缓和的命令）
（3）表示对将来的情况或结果的预测。
The roses will be coming out soon.玫瑰花不久就会开了。
The weather report says that it will be raining when we arrive in London.天气预报说当我们到达伦敦的时候会下雨。
二、将来进行时与一般将来时的区别
1.两者的基本用法不一样
将来进行时多表示将来某时正在进行的动作，一般将来时表示将来某时将要发生的动作。She will be waiting for you at the school gate at 8 tomorrow morning.她明天上午8点钟在校门口等你。
What will you do tomorrow 你明天干什么
2.将来进行时表示“纯粹的将来”，指一种无意图的动作；一般将来时既可表示“将来”，也可表示“意志，意图”。
Mary won't be paying this bill.钱不会由玛丽来付。（纯粹的将来）
Mary won't pay this bill.玛丽不肯付这笔钱。（表意愿）
I will do my best.我会尽自己最大的努力。（表意愿或将来）
I will be doing my best.我将尽自己最大的努力。（纯粹的将来）
大单元综合试题训练
一、语法填空
1. I've come to the _____(conclude) that he's not the suitable candidate for the job.
2. My parents live a simple life in order to lay _____ enough money for my higher education.
3. _____(consequent), she understood it and became interested in traditional Chinese culture.
4. The librarian is not only a famous _____(politics) but also a great poet.
5. Those young applicants are easily _____(dishearten)by difficulties.
6. My _____(memory) time was travelling on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for the first time.
7. Man has succeeded in _____(convert)sunlight directly into electrical energy.
8. As the saying goes, reading without reflecting is like cating without _____(digest).
9. You'd better not phone our manager from three to four this afternoon; he ______(prepare) for a meeting then.
10. This _____(evident) supports the view that there is a connection between vehicle exhaust-emissions and environmental pollution.
二、翻译句子
11.明天上午十点我要去机场给一个朋友送行。
I _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ at the airport at ten tomorrow morning.
12.几天前, 多丽丝在医院把坏牙拔了。
Doris had _____ _____ _____ _____ _____in the hospital the other day.
13.技术的发展使得人与人之间更容易取得联系。
The development of technology _____ _____ _____for people to get in touch with each other.
14.那是一个炎热的夏季的一天, 我汗津津的手里攥着一美元正沿着街道奔跑。
It was a hot summer day _____ _____ _____running down the street with a dollar in my sweaty hand.
15.他犯了一个严重的错误, 因此他必须承担后果。
He made a serious mistake, so he must _____ _____ _____.
三、阅读理解
By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova — not as a musician but as her page turner. “I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”
Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group’s official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.” Mr Titterton explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.
But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. “I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,” Mr Titterton said, “Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.”
Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.
“My husband is the worst page turner,” she laughed. “He’s interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: ‘Turn, turn!’ “Robert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life.”
16. What should Titterton be able to do to be a page turner
A. Read music. B. Play the piano.
C. Sing songs. D. Fix the instruments.
17. Which of the following best describes Titterton’s job on stage
A. Boring. B. Well-paid.
C. Demanding. D. Dangerous.
18. What does Titterton need to practise
A. Counting the pages. B. Recognizing the “nodding”.
C. Catching falling objects. D. Performing in his own style.
19. Why is Ms Raspopova’s husband “the worse page turner”
A. He has very poor eyesight. B. He ignores the audience.
C. He has no interest in music. D. He forgets to do his job.
四、七选五
Practical Ways to Get Motivated
Be mindful of your "why".
If I need to clean the floor, but I really don't like cleaning, then I won't feel very motivated to do it. However, if I have a big enough reason to do it—because I'm having some guests to come over, or I love the feeling of having a clean floor, then that "bigger purpose" can be strong enough to get me to act, even though I don't enjoy cleaning. If I stay mindful of why I'm doing it, I can get motivated to do it. ①_____
Celebrate your successes.
It's easy to get down on yourself because you haven't reached your goal yet. You may overlook all of the hard work and small goals that you've accomplished. Remember to reward yourself and to celebrate your successes. ②_____ In the same way, how can you motivate yourself if you're not going to reward yourself and celebrate your successes
③_____
Imagine how good you'll feel when you've reached your goal. Take a moment and think about how you'll feel and what you'll think after you've achieved it. What does it feel like ④_____ Focus on that feeling, and use it to drive you right now to move towards your goal. Just think of how good it will be.
Get inspired.
Read stories, watch movies, listen to other people who have achieved what you want to achieve. Imagine what they had to go through to get to where they are. Imagine how big the heart is of some of your biggest heroes and how badly they wanted what they achieved. ⑤_____
A. Imagine having already achieved it.
B. Get help and support when you're not feeling motivated.
C. So remind yourself of why you're doing what you're doing.
D. What kind of self-talk would you use to motivate yourself
E. Let them inspire you to access your own great desire within.
F. You might feel proud, happy, satisfied, or any other emotion.
G. Would you be able to properly train a dog without rewarding him
答案以及解析
1.答案：conclusion
解析：句意:我得出结论，他不是这份工作的合适人选。come to the conclusion that...“得出结论……，断定……”。
2.答案：aside
解析：句意:为了存够让我接受高等教育的钱，我父母过着简朴的生活。lay sth. aside把……放在一边;储存。
3.答案：Consequently
解析：句意:结果，她明白了并且对中国传统文化产生了兴趣。分析句法结构可知，空格处作整个句子的状语，故用其副词形式，又因为位于句首，所以首字母大写。
4.答案：politician
解析：句意:这位图书馆管理员不仅是著名的政治家，而且是伟大的诗人。politician名词，意为“政治家”。
5.答案：disheartened
解析：句意:那些年轻的申请者遇到困难很容易灰心丧气。在系动词are后面，用形容词作表语。
6.答案：memorable
解析：句意:我难忘的时光是第一次去青藏高原的旅行。用形容词修饰名词。
7.答案：converting
解析：句意:人类已经成功地把太阳光直接转化为电能。succeed in doing sth.是常用搭配，意为“成功地做某事”。
8.答案：digesting/digestion
解析：句意:正如谚语所说，“读书不思考犹如吃饭不消化”。without为介词，后接v.-ing形式或名词作宾语，故填digesting或digestion。
9.答案：will be preparing
解析：句意为:你最好不要在今天下午三点到四点给我们经理打电话，他那时正在为开会作准备，此处 then是指将来时间， prepare是谓语动词，指将来某时刻正在进行的动作，应用将来进行时，故填will be preparing。
10.答案：evidence
解析：句意:这一证据支持车辆排放物与环境污染之间存在联系的观点。所填词在句中作主语，且谓语动词为第三人称单数，用名词的单数形式。
二、
11.答案：will be seeing a friend off
12.答案：her bad tooth pulled out
13.答案：makes it easier
14.答案：that found me
15.答案：take/suffer/bear the consequences
三、
16.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中"but I've learnt to read music(但是我已经学会了识谱）"可知一个翻乐谱的人应该学会识谱，故答案为A项。
17.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中"A lot of skills are needed for the job.(这份工作需要大量的技巧。)"以及下文中的关键信息"have to"和"make sure"可综合推断Titterton在舞台上的工作要求很高，故选C项。boring 没趣的，令人厌倦(或厌烦）的；well-paid 工资高的；dangerous 危险的。
18.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中"and each pianist has their own style of 'nodding' to indicate a page turn(每个钢琴家都有自己的'点头'风格来示意翻页）"可推断Titterton需要识别钢琴家发出的"点头"信号，才能准确地翻页，故答案为B项。
19.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中"He's interested in the music， feeling every note， and I have to say: 'Turn，turn！' (他对音乐很感兴趣，能感受到每一个音符，我不得不提醒他：'翻页，翻页！'）"可推断他由于专注于音乐，忘了翻页，故答案为D项。
四、
答案：CGAFE
解析：①由本段小标题“Be mindful of your ‘why’.”及空前的“If I stay mindful of why I'm doing it， I can get motivated to do it.”可知，C项(所以提醒自己为什么要这么做)符合语境。
②由本段小标题“Celebrate your successes.”并结合空后的“In the same way， how can you motivate yourself if you're not going to reward yourself and celebrate your successes ”可知，设空处应为与其道理相通的一件事情。故G项(不通过奖赏你能训练好一只狗吗 )与语境最吻合。
③设空处为该段小标题。由本段第一句“Imagine how good you'll feel when you've reached your goal.”可知，A项(想象一下你已经做到了)符合语境。
④空前一句问“What does it feel like ”，结合空后的“Focus on that feeling”可知，F项(你可能会感到骄傲、快乐、满足或其他任何情绪)符合语境。
⑤由本段小标题“Get inspired.”及空前的“Imagine how big the heart is of some of your biggest heroes”可以判断E项(让他们激励你进人你内心中的伟大愿望)符合语境。
2Unit 4 Breaking boundaries
大单元思维知识整合
一、重点单词
statistic n. 统计数据
assist v. 援助，帮助
vital adj. 极其重要的
essential adj. 非常有必要的
relieve v. 缓解，缓和，接触，接某人班。
special adj. 特殊的，特别的，专门的
infect v. 传染，感染
outbreak n. 爆发，突然发生
journal n. 日记，日志，报纸，刊物
include v. 包含，包括
minority n. 少数派，少数民族
major adj./n./v. 主要的/专业/主修
harmony n. 协调，和谐
boundary n．分界线；边界
specialist n. 专家
clinic n. 诊所；门诊部
disinfect v. 为……消毒，给……杀菌
twin adj. 双胞胎的
ward n. 病房
mankind n. 人类
cast v. 选派(角色)
joint adj. 联合的，共同的
mount v. 走上，登上
civil adj. 公民的，国民的
civilian adj. 平民的；百姓的
altogether adv. 完全
communist adj. 共产主义的
二、重点短语
a group of 一群
a lack of 缺少
be based on 以....为基础
regardless of 不管，不顾
the top priority 优先权
reported case 报道的病例
take chances 冒险
put......at risk 让......处于危险之中
be involved in 参与，涉及，被卷入，专心做...
at least 至少
work on 从事
a growing sense of pride 日益增长的自豪感
devotion to the cause 对事业的热爱
come to know 逐渐了解
be surrounded by 被...包围
the death rate 死亡率
against all odds 尽管困难重重
make a full recovery 完全康复
compensate for 弥补
be caught up in 被陷入，被卷入
step into one's shoes 接替某人的职业/位置
in particular 尤其是
be responsible for 对.....负责
culture shock 文化冲突
not to mention /let alone 更不用说，更不用提
in memory of 为了纪念……
in vain 白白地
三、重点句型
1. It is vital not to take any chances.
重要的是不要冒险。
2. When I saw the tragic scenes on the news, I felt it was my duty as a doctor to go there and offer my help.
当我看到新闻上悲惨的场景时，我觉的作为一名医生，去那里提供帮助是我的责任。
3. It is important to remember that Ebola doesn't respect national boundaries.
重要的是要记住埃博拉病毒不分国界。
4. It is so inspiring to have colleagues like Wilton, Maisy, and Alonso, not to mention all the others I have worked with.
有像威尔顿，梅西和阿方索这样的同事是如此令人鼓舞，更不用说与我共事过其他人了。
5. In a world still facing so many problems, it is absolutely essential for us all to collaborate to create a global community with a shared future of peace and prosperity.
在一个仍然面临诸多问题的世界上，我们大家携手合作，构建和平繁荣的国际命运共同体，是完全有必要的。
6. We knew there was little hope for the brothers, but we did everything we could to save them.
我们知道兄弟俩希望渺茫，但我们还是尽我们所能去救他们。
7. We have worked together, surrounded by blood, vomit, and death.
我们一起工作，被鲜血，呕吐物和死亡包围着。
8. My mission was to relieve Emma, a Canadian specialist in infectious diseases at the end of her posting.
我的任务是在加拿大传染性疾病专家艾玛任职结束时接替她。
9. It's exactly one month since the last reported case.
距离上次报道的病例已经整整一个月了。
四、重点语法
it作形式主语
1．概念
it作为形式主语，代替句子的逻辑主语，并无实际词义。这可以保持句子的结构平衡，避免主语太长，显得头重脚轻。
2．用法
it作为形式主语主要分为几种情况：
(1)It is/was＋形容词＋(for sb.)＋动词不定式
强调动作特征的形容词(如easy，difficult，hard，important，possible，wise等)常用于此句型。为了强调不定式动作的执行者，常在不定式前加for sb.。
It is necessary for us to master some basic living skills.
我们有必要掌握一些基本的生活技能。
(2)It is/was＋形容词＋(of sb.)＋动词不定式
表示心理品质或性格特征的形容词常用于此类句型，如kind，nice，stupid，clever，foolish，polite，impolite，silly，selfish，considerate等，动作的逻辑主语和这些形容词可以构成主系表结构，因此这样的句式也可转化为“sb.＋be＋形容词＋动词不定式”。
It is foolish of you to trust a person like him.→You are foolish to trust a person like him.
你相信像他这样的人是愚蠢的。
(3)It is/was＋名词(短语)＋动词不定式
It is our duty to help the weak and the poor.
扶弱济贫是我们的责任。
(4)It is/was＋名词/形容词＋动词 ing形式
常用的名词和形容词：no good，no use，a waste of time，useless。
It is no use arguing about the matter with him.
和他争论这件事是没有用的。
(5)It is/was＋形容词＋主语从句
It is uncertain whether the project will be completed this fall.
这个项目能否在今年秋天完成还不确定。
(6)It is/was＋名词(短语)＋主语从句
常用的名词：a fact，a pity，a shame，a surprise等。
It is no surprise that he has been accepted by the company.
他被这家公司录用了，这并不奇怪。
(7)It is/was＋过去分词＋主语从句
用于此类句型的过去分词有said，reported，thought，announced，believed，suggested，decided，hoped等。
It is believed that the boy will soon recover from the operation.
人们相信这个男孩手术后不久就会康复。
(8)It＋seems/appears/happens＋主语从句
It appears that people are more dependent on the Internet.
人们似乎更依赖互联网了。
(9)It＋及物动词＋宾语＋动词不定式
It took the workers three years to complete the project.
工人们花了三年时间完成这项工程。
3．形式主语it与强调句中it的差别
(1)形式
主语it it是句子的形式主语，真正的主语是句尾that引导的主语从句，去除句中的it和that则句子失去完整性。
(2)强调
句中it 强调句结构为“It is/was＋被强调成分＋that＋句子其余成分”，结构词it is/was和that都无实际意义，删掉it is/was及that后句子仍然意义完整。
It is strange that he should say I am unfair.(it作形式主语)
真奇怪，他竟然说我不公平。
It was in the park that they fell in love with each other at the first sight.(强调句中it)
他们是在这个公园里一见钟情的
大单元综合试题训练
一、语法填空
1. She assisted her mother to cut the cake into six small _____ (portion).
2. They had faced one difficulty after another with devotion and ______ (dedicate).
3. As an inexperienced teacher, I tried every means to get them to be quiet, but ______ vain.
4. Many ______ (civilian) can also be seen walking through the city gate in both directions.
5. These rewarding initiatives about culture shock will surely bring _____ good outcomes.
6. The intention of these courses will teach you how to improve your mental _____ (endure).
7. My comrade _____ (conceive) the idea of transforming the old power station into an arts centre last year.
8. When we were discussing ______ (influence) specialists, three names immediately came to my mind.
9. The mayor emphasised that the ______ (divide) between the prosperous west and the impoverished east remains.
10. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have _____ (consecrate) it far above our poor power to add or detract.
二、翻译句子
11._______________________________________________________（用it作形式主语）
父母很自然想知道孩子花在看电视上的时间。
12._______________________________________________________（用it作形式主语）
和他争论这件事是没有用的。
13._______________________________________________________（用it作形式主语）
对你父母大吼大叫是不礼貌的。
14._____________________________________________________________（用it作形式主语）
大家建议把运动会推迟到下星期六。
15._____________________________________________________________（用it作形式主语）
三、阅读理解
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral (葬礼) followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
16. What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan
A. His friends' invitation. B. His interest in the country.
C. His love for teaching. D. His desire to regain health.
17. What does the underlined word "that" in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Developing a serious mental disease. B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
18. Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan
A. Romantic. B. Eventful. C. Pleasant. D. Dangerous.
19. What is the purpose of this text
A. To introduce a book. B. To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C. To remember a writer. D. To recommend a travel destination.
四、七选五
Let's take a minute to think about the water we use. The human body is 60% water and we need to drink lots of water to be healthy. When we are thirsty we just go to the kitchen and fill a glass with clean water.
①_____For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants grow. When we turn on a light or switch on a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce this energy.
The truth is that we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want, but this is not the case for many people around the world. ②______That's around one in 10 people in the world. If we drink dirty water, we can catch diseases from the bacteria and become ill. Every year over 500,000 children die from diarrhea(腹泻) from dirty water. That's around 1,400 children every day! Also, in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water.③______Therefore, they don't have time to learn how to read or write and don't get an education.
④______On this day every year, countries around the world hold events to educate people about the problems of dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world. At one school in the UK, children between the ages of 10 and 15 walk 6km with six litres of water. ⑤_____People give them money to do this and all the money helps get clean water to as many people as possible around the world.
A. We use water indirectly too.
B. Every system in our body depends on water to function.
C. It is to inspire people to learn more about water-related problems
D. If children walk many hours a day to get water, they can't go to school.
E. Did you know that around 750 million people do not have clean water to drink
F. In 1993 the United Nations decided that March 22nd is the World Day for Water.
G. In this way, they know how it feels to walk a long distance carrying heavy bottles.
答案以及解析
1.答案：portions
解析：句意:她帮助母亲把蛋糕切成六小块。根据语境可知,此处是复数概念,故用名词的复数形式。
2.答案：dedication
解析：句意:他们以无私奉献的精神面对了一个又一个的困难。在介词with后面作宾语,且根据and前的devotion可知,应该用名词形式。
3.答案：in
解析：句意:作为一名没有经验的老师,我试了每一种方法让他们安静下来,但徒劳无功。in vain白白地;徒劳。
4.答案：civilians
解析：句意:还可以看到许多平民从两个方向穿过城门。根据many可知,此处用名词的复数形式。
5.答案：forth
解析：句意:这些关于文化冲击的有意义的倡议必将产生良好的结果。bring forth意为“产生,出现”。
6.答案：endurance
解析：句意:这些课程旨在教会你如何提高心理承受能力。在形容词性物主代词your后面,应用名词形式。
7.答案：conceived
解析：句意:去年我的朋友想出了把旧发电站改造为艺术中心的主意。陈述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时态,故填conceive的过去式。
8.答案：influential
解析：句意:我们在讨论有影响力的专家时,一下子有三个名字出现在我的脑海中。修饰后面的名词specialists,用形容词作定语。
9.答案：division
解析：句意:市长强调,繁荣的西部和贫穷的东部之间的差距仍然存在。在定冠词the后面,应该用名词形式。
10.答案：consecrated
解析：句意:在这里勇敢抗争的人们,不论生死,已经圣化了这片土地,这远不是我们渺小的力量所能增减的。分析语法结构可知,空格处为谓语动词,且句子运用了现在完成时态,故填其过去分词形式consecrated。
二、
11.答案：It is natural that parents should wonder about the time children spend watching TV.
解析："It is natural/strange/right/necessary/important that... (should)do..."句型中should可以省略，注意should后用动词原形。
12.答案：It is no use arguing about the matter with him.
解析："It+be+名词/形容词+动名词"句型中的名词和形容词常常是：good， no good， no use， a waste of time， useless， senseless等。句中it作形式主语，真正主语是动名词。
13.答案：It is impolite of you to shout at your parents.
14.答案：It is suggested that the sports meet(should)be put off until next Saturday.
解析： "It is suggested/ordered/required that... (should)do..."人们建议/命令/要求……。should可以省略，注意should后用动词原形。
15.答案：The scenery is so fantastic that it seems/looks as if we are in a fairyland.
解析： "It looks/seems as if..." 看起来好像……。
三、
16.答案：B
解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段第三句中的"still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan"可知，出于对乌兹别克斯坦这个国家的兴趣，他回到了这里，故B项符合题意。
17.答案：D
解析：考查代词指代。根据第一段第三句中的"still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea"可知，Tom回到乌兹别克斯坦的目的本来是写一篇关于咸海是如何消失的文章。画线词"that"指代上文中提到的"写文章"这件事。
18.答案：B
解析：考查推理判断。根据文章第三段尤其是第一句中的"made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society"可知，Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦的旅行充满了变故。eventful意为"充满大事的，多变故的"，符合文意。A项在文中没有体现，C项与D项表述片面，故选B。
19.答案：A
解析：考查写作意图。文章开头引出Tom Bissell写书的背景，从第二段到最后一段分别介绍了这本书的概要、主要内容和对这本书的评价，即全文围绕着这本书展开，目的就是向读者推荐这本书，所以选A项。
四、
答案：AEDFG
解析：①根据下文For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants grow. When we turn on a light or switch on a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce this energy. (例如，生产我们吃的食物的农民，使用水使植物生长。当我们打开电灯或电视或电脑的开关时，我们使用能源，我们需要水来产生这种能源)可知下文是在列举人们间接使用水的例子，故A选项"我们也间接地用水。"符合上下文语境。故选A。
②根据下文That's around one in 10 people in the world.(那大约是世界上十分之一的人)可推知本句为说明世界上没有干净水喝的人数。故E选项"你知道大约有7.5亿人没有干净的水喝吗 "符合上下文语境。故选E。
③根据上文Also, in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water.(而且，在一些国家，孩子们每天要走很多公里去取水)中walk many kilometres every day to get water可对应到D选项中walk many hours a day to get water，故D选项"如果孩子们每天走很多小时去取水，他们就不能去上学。"符合上下文语境。故选D。
④结合下文On this day every year, countries around the world hold events to educate people about the problems of dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world.(每年的这一天，世界各国都会举办各种活动，让人们了解脏水的问题，让他们知道清洁的水是全世界每个人都应该拥有的)是在说明世界水日当天的活动，故可知本句为说明世界水日的设立时间，故F选项"1993年，联合国决定3月22日为世界水日。"符合上下文语境。故选F。
⑤根据前文At one school in the UK, children between the ages of 10 and 15 walk 6km with six litres of water.(在英国的一所学校，10到15岁的孩子负重6升水来步行6公里)可推知本句承接上文继续说明这一做法的意义是让孩子们了解带着沉重的瓶子走很长的距离是什么感觉。故G选项"通过这种方式，他们知道带着沉重的瓶子走很长的距离是什么感觉。"符合上下文语境。故选G。
2Unit 3 Times change!
大单元思维知识整合
一、重点单词
decade n．十年；十年期
elderly adj. 年老的
tablet n. 平板电脑
bunch n. 一群，一伙
shelf n. 搁板，架子
mist n. 薄雾，雾霭
brick n. 砖，砖块
saleswoman n. 女销售员
leadership n. 领导；领导地位
organic adj. 有机的；绿色的
jazz n. 爵士乐
humble adj. 简陋的
journalist n. 新闻工作者；新闻记者
era n. 时代，年代
reform n. 改进；改革
alongside prep. (与……)一起
initiative n. 倡议
solid adj. 坚实的
occupation n. 工作，职业
cafeteria n. 自助餐厅
component n. 组成部分
category n. 类别
soul n. 精神
facilitate v. 促进；使便利
secondary adj. 次要的，第二位的
comic n. 连环漫画
costume n. 化妆服
二、重点短语
drop in/by 顺便拜访
a bunch of 一群
wave goodbye to 挥手告别，向……说再见
take over 接收，接管，接替
pave the way 铺平道路；创造条件
be limited to 限于
for the first time 第一次
have an advantage over 有胜过……的优势
for good 永远
in good hands 在可靠(或内行)的人手里，受到很好的照料
pop up 突然出现，冒出来
tear down 拆毁，拆除
replace…with… 用……代替
have a tendency to… 有……趋势
三、重点句型
1．“the＋时间名词”引导状语从句
The day I heard that the Rainbow Bookstore was closing (我听说彩虹书店要停业的那天) after 50 years of business, I was heartbroken.
2．关系副词引导的定语从句
The bookstore, which was a legendary fixture in the neighborhood, was a place where anyone could drop in (一个谁都可以来这里逛逛的地方) and connect through their love of books.
3．现在分词短语作状语
Sighing deeply (深深地叹了口气), he told me how it was becoming difficult to run an independent bookstore.
4．“主语＋be＋形容词＋to do”句型
People like them because they add emotional meaning, and are quick and easy to use (使用方便快捷)．
5．“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构作宾语
Perhaps people will one day choose to communicate in pictures, and forget how to write properly.
6. 现在分词作定语
It had a café selling organic food, and there were now more community events such as...
四、重点语法
过去进行时的被动语态
一、过去进行时的被动语态的构成
1.过去进行时的被动语态的肯定式：was/were being done
Another bridge was being built over the Yangtze River then.那时长江上正在建造另一座桥。
2.过去进行时的被动语态的否定式：was/were not being done
The plan was not being carried out well.那个计划进展不顺利。
3.过去进行时的被动语态的一般疑问式：Was/Were+主语+being done
Was a new library being put up in their school just then 他们学校当时正在建一座新图书馆吗？
4.过去进行时的被动语态的特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+was/were(+主语+)being done
What was being done to the machine （你们）在对这台机器采取什么措施？
Why was the boy being punished 那个男孩为什么被处罚？
二、过去进行时的被动语态的用法
1.表示过去某个时刻/某段时间正在进行的被动动作。
He was being interviewed by our headmaster then.他当时正在接受我们校长的面试。
This film was being shown at that time.这部电影那个时候正在放映。
2.用于条件句或时间状语从句中，代替过去将来进行时的被动语态。
She told me that I would have to go instead of her if she was being held back by something.她告诉我如果她被什么事给耽搁了，那么我就得替她去了。
3.表示按计划、安排将要发生的被动动作。
Some rock music was being played by them next.下面将由他们演奏一些摇滚音乐。
大单元综合试题训练
一、语法填空
1. We have entered into an age ________ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
2. Mothers are often the ones who provide _______ (emotion) support for the family.
3. There are some topics we need to discuss at the conference _____ (urgent)
4. Scientists studied pictures of people's _____ (face) expressions.
5. Objectively, the _____ (adapt) of the film is no better than the original.
6. I had to keep the video camera readily _____ (access) in case I saw something that needed to be filmed.
7. The new digital technology would allow a rapid _________ (expand) in the number of TV channels.
8. His _____ (convince) words finally convinced me, and I was _____ that he was innocent.
9. My washing machine _______ (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
10. Amy, as well as her brothers, ______ (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
二、翻译句子
11.吉姆张开嘴好像要说什么。
Jim opened his mouth as if _____ _____ something.
12.遛狗时, 你一不小心松开了狗, 结果它被汽车撞了。
While _____ _____ _____, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
13.药品不应该放在儿童容易拿到的地方。
Medicine should not be kept where it_____ _____ _____children.
14.我突然想到, 自上封信以来, 已经有太长时间没收到华莱士的信了。
Suddenly it _____ _____ _____ _____ it had been too long since I heard from Wallace.
15.当问到他成功的秘诀时, 他说他的成功和幸福在很大程度上归功于他的妻子和孩子。
When asked about the secret of his success, he said that he _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____his wife and children.
三、阅读理解
We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes(基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation(突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation—not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they've also built houses on stilts (支柱) in coastal waters. "They are simply a stranger to the land," said Rodney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. "We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders," Dr. Jubilado said. "I could see them actually walking under the sea."
In 2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. "It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population," said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.
16. What does the author want to tell us by the examples in Paragraph 1
A. Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers.
B. New knowledge of human evolution.
C. Recent findings of human origin.
D. Significance of food selection.
17. Where do the Bajau build their houses
A. In valleys. B. Near rivers. C. On the beach. D. Off the coast.
18. Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau
A. They could walk on stilts all day. B. They had a superb way of fishing.
C. They could stay long underwater. D. They lived on both land and water.
19. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea B. Highlanders' Survival Skills
C. Basic Methods of Genetic Research D. The World's Best Divers
四、七选五
Apps (short for applications) are becoming increasingly popular nowadays, and with good reason. They can help you out in just about every area of your life, whether it's keeping fit, communicating with friends, or even learning a language. ① _____ Here's what you should think about before downloading an app for language learning.
Learn from diverse sources (not just apps)
Any seasoned language learner will tell you that the beauty of mastering a foreign language is the world which it opens up to you. This is a world of diverse sources (资源) of information, from newspapers and books to TV, radio, music and even real people. Would you limit yourself to one medium in your native language ②_____
Establish your purpose and plan your habits
Do you want to be fluent in weeks or are you in on it for the brain training The good apps are designed to help you fit your studies around your timetable. ③_____ These apps encourage habit building, because the successful formation of a habit ensures your safe and regular return.
Make it social
④_____ I mean socializing in real life. I owe the speed of progress I made in Italian to the support from Jim, my partner in study time. Find a friend to accompany you. Take an evening class. Borrow a book. Buy a book. Attend a language school. Just don't forget your phone!
If I may speak sincerely, the combination of an app, a language school, Jim, evenings out, and a book or two of choice proved extremely effective. ⑤_____
A. I recommend it.
B. Remember that an app is just a tool.
C. No, I don't mean posting your progress online.
D. I encourage you to use apps as often as you can.
E. Probably not, so why do so in your new language
F. The best apps adapt themselves based upon your behavior.
G. However, you need to know how to use them properly to really benefit.
答案以及解析
1.答案：when
解析：考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入了一个梦想最有可能实现的时代。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且关系词在从句中作时间状语，故填when。
2.答案：emotional
解析：考查词性转换。句意：母亲通常是为家庭提供精神支持的人。空格后面的support为名词，所以应用形容词emotional修饰。
3.答案：urgently
解析：句意:我们需要在会议上紧急讨论一些话题。修饰谓语动词,用副词作状语。
4.答案：facial
解析：句意:科学家研究了人们面部表情的图片。修饰后面的名词expressions,用形容词作定语。
5.答案：adaptation
解析：句意:客观地讲,这部电影的改编版并不比原著好。名词作主语。
6.答案：accessible
解析：句意:我必须将摄像机放在触手可及的地方,以便需要拍摄时方便用。动词keep后面,常用形容词作宾语补足语。
7.答案：expansion
解析：设空处前有不定冠词a及形容词rapid修饰,设空处应为名词。故填expansion。
8.答案：convincing; convinced
解析：句意:他那令人信服的话终于说服了我,我相信他是无辜的。convincing adj.有说服力的,令人信服的;be convinced of/that...确信……
9.答案：is being repaired
解析：考查时态和语态。句意：我的洗衣机这周正在被修理，因此我不得不手洗我的衣服。洗衣机是被修理的，且由语境可知，洗衣机正在被修，因此用现在进行时的被动语态。
10.答案：was given
解析：考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：上周埃米和她的哥哥们回到村子时受到了热烈欢迎。根据时间状语last week可知此处用一般过去时；根据句意可知应用被动语态，且as well as连接并列的主语时，谓语动词的数和其前面的主语保持一致。故填was given。
二、
11.答案：to say
12.答案：walking the dog
13.答案：is accessible to
14.答案：occurred to me that
15.答案：owned much of his success and happiness to
三、
16.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的"We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes, they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years."可知，作者列举第一段的例子是为了告诉我们关于人类进化的一个新信息，那就是人类在最近几千年也在进化。B项符合以上说法，故选B项。
17.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的"The巴瑶族,as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they've also built houses on stilts in coastal waters."可知，巴瑶族人把房子建在沿海区域。D项符合以上说法，故选D项。
18.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的"We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders"可知，让Jubilado感到吃惊的是巴瑶族人能在水下待更长的时间。C项符合以上说法，故选C项。
19.答案：A
解析：标题判断题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第二段中的"On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation—not to air or to food, but to the ocean."可知，本文主要讲述巴瑶族人为了更好地适应海上的生活，身体结构发生了变化，所以A项适合作本文标题，故选A项。
四、
答案：GEFCA
解析：①空前一句讲到应用程序几乎可以在你生活的每个领域帮助你摆脱困境，无论是保持健康、与朋友沟通，还是学习语言，根据空后一句并结合下文三个小标题可知，空处讲的应该是使用语言应用程序的注意事项，故G项符合语境
②空前一句讲"在母语里，你会把自己局限在一种媒介里吗"，因此空处应该是对这一问题的回答，故E项"可能不会，那么在你的新语言里你为什么要这么做呢"符合语境。
③本段小标题是"建立你的目标和规划你的习惯"，空前一句讲到好的应用程序对你学习的好处，空后一句则提到这些应用程序促进习惯养成，因此空处讲的应该也是好的应用程序的特点，所以F项符合语境。
④本段小标题是"将语言学习社交化"，空后一句讲"我的意思是现实生活中的社交"，因此C项符合语境。
⑤空前一句提到这种融合多种资源的方式非常有效，故A项"我推荐它"符合语境。
2Unit 2 Improving yourself
大单元思维知识整合
一、重点单词
security n. 安全
fundraising n. 募捐，筹款
motivate v. 激发，激励
occupy v. . 占用，占去(时间)
profile n. 概况
constantly adv. 持续不断地;经常地
towel n. 毛巾
access n. 接触的机会
rely v. ( 为生活或生存而)依赖
appropriate adj. 恰当的;合适的
headphones n. (头戴式)耳机
considerate adj. 替他人着想的
consideration n. 考虑
considerable adj. 相当大的 相当多的
clarify v. 澄清，讲清楚，阐明
headline n. 媒体报道的热门话题;标题
necessity n. 必需品
toothpaste n. 牙膏
unprecedentedly adv. 空前地
invest v. 投资
lifelong adj. 终身的
likewise adv. 同样地;相似地
equip v. 使有知识和技能，使能够胜任
二、重点短语
make full use of 充分利用
a total of 总共
average age 平均年龄
at the start of 在......开始
miss out 错过机会
be distracted by 注意力分散
be up to do sth. 忙于做，从事，胜任
avoid doing sth.避免做
give in屈服，让步
check out结账离开
throw in the towel认输
catch up on 补上;赶完
without access to sth. 没....的机会/权利
turn on 打开
can't resist doing sth. 忍不住做
what's worse更为糟糕的是
catch up on 补上，赶上
other than 除了
awareness of意识到
step /keep away from 远离
rely on 依靠
hand in 上交
三、重点句型
1. With the detox now finished, they've switched on their devices and they're back online. (with 复合结构)
脱瘾现在结束了，他们已经打开了他们的设备，他们重新上线了。
2. On reflection, I can see how much of my time had been occupied with checking my phone.
仔细想想，我知道自己有多少时间都在查看手机。
3. I managed the whole week! At first, I really felt I was missing out.
我支撑了一整个星期！一开始我真的觉得我错过了什么。
4. Without our phones, we had a proper conversation for over two hours, without being distracted by messages from other people.
没有电话，我们正常交流了两个多小时，没有被其他人的消息打扰。
5. I'm embarrassed to say that I threw in the towel on the first day! I knew there was a party happening that evening, but without access to social media.
我不好意思说，第一天我就认输了！我知道那天晚上有个派对，但是没有社交媒体的帮助，我想不起来在哪里了！
6. It was from then on that his grandchildren started to be in control of what to do with the money they receive: spend, save, invest or give （强调句型）
从那时起，她的孙子孙女们就开始控制着如何处理他们所收到的钱：消费，储蓄，投资还是给予？
四、重点语法
过去完成时的被动语态
1.构成
（1）肯定结构：主语+had been done（+其他）
（2）否定结构：主语+hadn't been done（+其他）
2.用法
过去完成时的被动语态通常表示一个被动动作在过去某一时刻或某个动作之前已经发生或完成，主语是动作的承受者。具体使用场合：
（1）过去的两个动作发生的先后顺序能通过语境判断出来，先发生的被动动作用过去完成时表示。
（2）用于一些主从复合句或含特定时间状语的简单句中。
He told me that the tickets had already been sold out.他告诉我票已经卖完了。
The newspaper reported more than 100 people had been killed in the hurricane.报纸报道说有一百多人在飓风中丧生。
Though he had been told my telephone number many times, he still couldn't remember it.虽然已被告知我的电话号码很多次了，但他还是记不住。
Several months later, most of the buildings which had been damaged in the earthquake were repaired.几个月后，大多数在地震中损坏的建筑物都得到了修复。
200 cars had been produced by the end of last year.到去年年底，已经生产了200辆汽车。
The fire had been put out before the firefighters arrived. 消防队员到达之前，大火已经被扑灭了。
3.特殊句式
（1）用于It was the first/second/…time that+主语+had been done（+其他）句型中。
It was the first time that the meeting had been held in Zhengzhou.
（2）在虚拟条件句中，条件从句表示对过去的情况的假设时：if+主语+had been done(+其他）。
If I had been invited earlier, I would have gone there.如果早点儿邀请我的话，我就去那儿了。
大单元综合试题训练
一、语法填空
1. On the shelf _____ (be) rows of law books and law reports.
2. Please keep this office tidy and use these _____ (bin) provided.
3. The company intended to apply for loans _____ (equip) the conference hall.
4. In the 1990s the district became a magnet for new _____ (invest).
5. Volunteers instantly formed a human chain to rescue precious _____ (item) from the fallen house.
6. _____ hearing the alarm the firemen rushed to the scene.
7. Scientists have only recently been able to gain access _____the area.
8. It was in the street ______ I saw him yesterday afternoon.
9. It was the third time that the memorable experience _____ (refer) to by him.
10. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ (trap) in the mountains for two days.
二、翻译句子
11. 让我大为吃惊的是,门口站着一个穿着湿衣服并且正在发抖的女孩。
To my great surprise, there at the door _____ _____ _____trembling in wet clothes.
12. 学生们正坐在教室里,注意力集中在老师身上。
The students were sitting in the classroom, with_____ _____ _____ _____ the teachers.
13. 网购时,有更多种类的商品可供选择。
Online shopping provides_____ _____ _____ _____goods to choose from.
14. 每个人对网购的看法不一。
People's opinion on online shopping _____ _____ _____ _____ _____.
15. 没有人确切地知道未来会是什么样子。
Nobody knows for sure _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____.
三、阅读理解
Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel (旅社). The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night, and for that, you’ll often get to stay in a central location (位置) with security and comfort.
Yellow Hostel
If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel. It’s one of the best-rated hostels in the city, and for good reason. It’s affordable, and it’s got a fun atmosphere without being too noisy. As an added bonus, it’s close to the main train station.
Hostel Alessandro Palace
If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome. Hostel Alessandro Palace is fun. Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke. There’s also an area on the rooftop for hanging out with other travelers during the summer.
Youth Station Hostel
If you’re looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel, look no further than Youth Station. It offers beautiful furnishings and beds. There are plenty of other benefits, too; it doesn’t charge city tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room.
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it’s close to all of the city’s main attractions. The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some. However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.
16. What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel
A. Comfort. B. Security. C. Price. D. Location.
17. Which hotel best suits people who enjoy an active social life
A. Yellow Hostel. B. Hostel Alessandro Palace.
C. Youth Station Hostel. D. Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes.
18. What is the disadvantage of Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes
A. It gets noisy at night. B. Its staff is too talkative.
C. It charges for Wi-Fi. D. It’s inconveniently located.
四、七选五
Wisdom is a virtue that isn’t innate, but can only be acquired through experience. Anyone who is interested in trying new things and reflecting on the process has the ability to gain wisdom. By learning the following tips, you can become a wiser person.
Try new things. ①______ You get wiser when you put yourself out there and give yourself the opportunity to learn. Every time you experience something new, you open yourself up to the possibility of learning and getting a little wiser for having tried it.
Learning from wise people. Who in your life strikes you as wise ②______ It could be a teacher who has the ability to inspire people with his or her knowledge. Maybe it’s a family member who reacts to every difficult situation with a level head. ③______ What can you learn from him or her What life choices and behaviors can serve as an example to you In a given situation, try asking yourself what he or she would do.
④______ Take as much time as you need to deliberate on a problem before making a decision. Think about the pros and cons, taking your experience as well as others’ advice into account, so you make the wisest possible choice. ⑤______ Turn to someone you think of as wise and ask for advice. However, even advice offered by someone you wholly trust should be taken with a grain of salt. Ultimately, you are the only person who can decide what’s right for you to do.
A. Think before acting.
B. Put wisdom into practice.
C. Wisdom comes in many forms.
D. Identify why you feel the person is wise.
E. Don’t be afraid to ask for help when you need it.
F. It’s hard to gain wisdom when you stay in day after day.
答案以及解析
1.答案：are
解析：句意:书橱上是几排法律书籍和判例汇编。本句是全部倒装结构，根据后面的主语rows of law books and law reports 可知，此处是复数概念，故用复数谓语动词。
2.答案：bins
解析：句意:请保持办公室整洁，使用所提供的这些垃圾箱。根据前面的修饰词these 可知，此处是复数概念，故用名词的复数形式。
3.答案：to equip
解析：句意:该公司打算申请贷款来装备会议厅。此处表示贷款的目的，用不定式短语作目的状语。
4.答案：investment
解析：句意:这个地区在20世纪90年代成了新的投资热点。介词for 后跟名词作宾语。
5.答案：items
解析：句意:志愿者立即排成一条长龙，从倒塌的房子里把贵重物品救出来。根据语境可知，此处是复数概念，故用名词的复数形式。
6.答案：On
解析：句意:消防队员一昕到警报就赶到现场。"on doing…"是常用结构，意为"一…就……"。
7.答案：to
解析：句意:科学家直到最近才得以进入该地区。gain access to是常用搭配，意为"有接近……的权利"，其中to是介词。
8.答案：that
解析：句意:昨天下午我是在街上看见他的。本句是强调句型，根据强调句的基本结构可知，此处用that。
9.答案：had been referred
解析：句意:这是他第三次提到那次难忘的经历。在"It was the first/second/third/...time that..."句型中，that引导的从句用过去完成时;主语the memorable experience与谓语refer to之间是被动关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。
10.答案：had been trapped
解析：句意：一名救援人员冒着生命危险救了两名被困在山里两天的游客。trap指"使陷入困境"，为延续性动词，设空处为定语从句的谓语，与tourists为被动关系，应用被动语态。由for two days可知用完成时，主句谓语动词用一般过去时，故此处用过去完成时被动语态。
二、
11.答案：stands/stood a girl
12.答案：their eyes fixed on
13.答案：a wider variety of
14.答案：varies from person to person
15.答案：what the future will be like
三、
16.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel.可知， 去罗马旅行的费用很高， 这是很多人选择住在提供便宜食宿的旅社的原因， 由此可知， 费用可能是选择住在旅社的旅客的主要关注点。
17.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据Hostel Alessandro Palace部分中的If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome.以及plenty of bar events...karaoke可知， 该旅社提供了丰富的社交活动， 最适合喜欢活跃的社交生活的人。
18.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes中的However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.可知， 旅客在该旅社使用无线网络， 需要每天支付两欧元， 这是该旅社的不便之处。
四、
答案：FCDAE
解析：①句间关联题。根据空后put yourself out可知，与F项中stay in形成对比，故选F。
②句间关联题。根据空后描述的内容，智慧的人各不相同，与选项C相符。
③句间关联题。根据空后问句可知，在向智慧的人学习之前先确定这个人为什么是智慧的，内容与选项D 相符，故选D。
④段落标题题。根据本段段竞及before making a decision可知，应先思而后行，故选A。
⑤句间关联题。空后内容turn to someone与选项E中ask for help相呼位，故选E。
2Unit 6 Survival
大单元思维知识整合
一、重点单词
crime n.罪，罪行
assume v.假定，设想
territory n. 领土，范围
reward n. 报酬，报答
crucial adj. 至关重要的，关键的
vital adj. 对. . . . . . 极重要的
important adj. 重要的
significant adj. 重大的；有意义的
contain v. 包含，包括
container n. 容器
restrict v. 限制，控制
survive v. 幸存
emergent adj. 紧急的
optimistic adj. 乐观的
advance v. 促进 前提
terrify v. 使恐怖
relate v. 联系 讲述
fascinate v. 深深吸引， 迷住
agency n. 机构，局, 部
expose v. 使暴露（于险境）
dust n. 沙土, 尘土
draw v. 吸引,使感兴趣, 拉,
二、重点短语
take place 发生
take over 占领，接管
be responsible for
in one's way 挡着....的路
have no choice but to do sth. 除了做某事之外别无选择
out of reach 够不着
under construction 在建造中
figure out 弄清楚，弄明白
fit in with 与（某人）合得来；适应....
get a taste for 品尝，体验
at speeds of 以....速度
die from 死于
crash into 撞到...上
a means of 一种...的方式
regardless of 不管;不顾
split up 分离
get\be lost in 迷路
a first aid kit 救援装备
be diagnosed with 被诊断为....
be determined to do sth.下定决心做某事
struggle with 与....斗争
cope with 处理；应付
be crowded with 挤满
fight against 与...斗争
respond to 响应；回答
wrestle with 对付
get rid of 摆脱，除去
react to 对...反应
bring.....under control 使...处于控制之下
replace A with B 用B代替A
三、重点句型
1. Spotting the car with its window left open, the greedy thief didn’t hesitate.
看到那辆开着窗户的汽车，贪婪的小偷毫不犹豫
2. It’s we humans who have moved into their territory .
使我们人类进入了它们的领地。
3. Wherever they go, animals find towns and cities in their way .
无论它们走到哪里，它们会发现城镇挡住了他们的路。
4. With no where else to make their homes, they have no choice but to move in with us.
无处安家，它们别无选择只好搬来和我们住。
5. No matter how many crimes he committed , the police were powerless to arrest him.
不管它们犯了多少罪，警察都无力逮捕它们。
6. Unable to distinguish between blue sky and glass, birds crash into windows at speeds of about 50 kilometres per hour.
由于无法区分蓝天和玻璃，鸟儿以每小时大约30英里的速度撞向玻璃。
7. However they adapt to our ways of urban living, it’s important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours.
无论它们如何适应我们的城市生活方式，重要的是我们要更好的了解甚至学会欣赏我们的野生邻居。
8. Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats.
只有那是我们才能期待和谐地共享我们的城市栖息地。
四、重点语法
“疑问词＋ ever”和“no matter＋疑问词”引导的让步状语从句
1．“疑问词＋ ever”包括“疑问代词＋ ever”和“疑问副词＋ever”
(1)疑问代词＋ ever：whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever
(2)疑问副词＋ ever：whenever, wherever, however
2．“疑问词＋ ever”与“no matter＋疑问词”引导从句时的区别
(1)引导让步状语从句时，“疑问词＋ ever”与“no matter＋疑问词”可以互换使用。
The quality will be the same, whichever/no matter which of them you choose.
它们当中无论你选哪一个，品质都一样。
Whoever/No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.
无论谁违反了规定，都要受到处罚。
The task must be done, however/no mater how difficult it may be.
无论多么艰难，这个任务一定要完成。
Wherever/No matter where she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.
她所到之处都有成群的人等着见她。
You can ask for help whenever/no matter when you need it.
你如果需要帮助随时可以提出来。
(2)“疑问代词＋ ever”可以引导名词性从句，这时不可以与“no matter＋疑问词”互换使用。
Whoever goes against the tide of history will come to no good end.
凡是逆历史潮流而动的人都不会有好下场。
Whatever you say will make no difference to the final result.
无论你说什么对最后的结果都不会产生影响。
Whichever he likes will be given to him.
他喜欢哪个就给他哪个。
You may dance with whomever you like at the dancing party.
舞会上你想跟谁跳舞就跟谁跳。
大单元综合试题训练
一、语法填空
1. Consumer spending on sports-related items amounted _____ $9. 75 billion.
2. He wanted to go out and found that his father was standing _____ his way.
3. I'd appreciate your ______ (write) me back as soon as possible.
4. You can stroll along Qintai Road to get a taste _____ the old city.
5. The fire is finally brought _____ control, but extensive damage has been caused.
6. The club provides a wide _____ (vary) of activities including tennis, swimming and squash.
7. He _____ (wipe) the tables, then sat down and turned on the TV.
8. He told the inhabitants that the date of the meeting _____ (advance) from Friday to Monday.
9. I wasn't certain what she was getting at, but I was surprised at the _____ (infer) about her.
10. If _____ (expose) to the outside surroundings, they'll be stronger and better prepared for their future.
二、翻译句子
11.半年后你才能从这所学校毕业。
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ you graduate from this school.
12.在被邀请了三次后,他才去参加了那个会议。
Only after being asked three times _____ _____ _____ _____ the meeting.
13.他是学校里最好的学生,毫无疑问他会获得一等奖。
He is the best student in the school._____ _____ _____ _____ _____he can get first prize.
14.通过共同努力,我们将乐观地与之作斗争。
With joint efforts, we will _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____.
15.只有通过这种方法,疫情才得到了控制,感染人数正在稳步下降。
The outbreak is under control and the number of infected people is steadily _____ _____ _____ only in this way.
三、阅读理解
We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes(基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation(突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation—not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia,Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they've also built houses on stilts (支柱) in coastal waters. "They are simply a stranger to the land," said Rodney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. "We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders," Dr. Jubilado said. "I could see them actually walking under the sea."
In 2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. "It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population," said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.
16. What does the author want to tell us by the examples in Paragraph 1
A. Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers.
B. New knowledge of human evolution.
C. Recent findings of human origin.
D. Significance of food selection.
17. Where do the Bajau build their houses
A. In valleys. B. Near rivers. C. On the beach. D. Off the coast.
18. Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau
A. They could walk on stilts all day. B. They had a superb way of fishing.
C. They could stay long underwater. D. They lived on both land and water.
19. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea B. Highlanders' Survival Skills
C. Basic Methods of Genetic Research D. The World's Best Divers
四、七选五
Say you're out for a walk in the woods. ①_____. Nor can you tell the direction from which you've come. You're lost. How can you survive Here's a good news. You don't need to be a survival expert to find your way back to civilization. Just stay calm and remember these tips.
Pinpoint(为……准确定位) your location.
Take a good look around. What do you see ②_____, pinpointing your location will be difficult. If possible, find higher ground, giving yourself a better view of the surroundings. Otherwise, you may end up walking possibly in circles, feeling directionless.
③_____.
While traveling through wilderness, be observant. Look for old campsites, fishing line, food bags, cigarette ends, plastic water bottles, or any other kind of litter. If you find any such evidence, examine your surroundings to determine which way they went.
If possible, stick to open country.
④_____. This type of terrain (地带) is often a result of farming or logging, which may put you closer to other people. Plus, being in the open makes it easier for you to be spotted by a low flying aircraft. Be sure to have something ready to signal with in case a rescue plane flies nearby.
Travel downhill.
If you are lost in hilly terrain, your best choice is almost always to travel downhill. People tend to settle in valleys, usually close to water. ⑤_____, head down and go out of the mountains. Besides, you can cover more terrain and conserve energy traveling downhill.
A. Find your way out
B. Look for signs of people
C. If the answer is a thick forest
D. Sometimes, it's not easy to find open country
E. Suddenly, you don't recognize your surroundings
F. Unless you have seen signs of people at higher places
G. Traveling in open country is a good way to find signs of civilization
答案以及解析
1.答案：to
解析：句意：消费者在体育相关项目上的支出达97.5亿美元。amount to总计。
2.答案：in
解析：句意：他想出去，却发现父亲挡了他的路。In one's way挡某人的路。
3.答案：writing
解析：考查固定搭配。句意：如果你能尽快给我回信，我将不胜感激。分析句子结构可知，空处填动名词， appreciate one's doing是固定搭配，意为"感谢某人做……"，故填 writing。
4.答案：for
解析：句意：你可以沿着琴台路漫步，感受一下古城的风情。get a taste for体验;领略。
5.答案：under
解析：句意：大火终于被控制住了，但仍造成了很大的损失。bring...under control使……处于控制之下。
6.答案：variety
解析：句意：这家俱乐部的活动丰富多彩，包括网球、游泳和壁球。a variety of各种各样的。
7.答案：wiped
解析：句意：他擦了擦桌子，然后坐下来打开了电视。分析句子结构可知，then， and连接并列动作，故填过去式。
8.答案：had been advanced
解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：他告诉居民们会议日期已经从星期五提前到星期一。advance意为“提前”。根据句意和结构可知这里用过去完成时的被动语态。
9.答案：inference
解析：句意：我不确定她是什么意思，但我对这个有关她的推论感到惊讶。分析句子结构可知，空格处位于定冠词the后面，故填其名词形式inference(推断;推理;推论)。
10.答案：exposed
解析：句意：如果暴露于外部的环境，他们将变得更加强壮并能更好地为未来做准备。空格处所在的句子为省略句，省略了主语they和be动词are，补充完整为If they are exposed to the outside surroundings。
二、
11.答案：It will be half a year before
12.答案：did he come to
13.答案：There is no doubt that
14.答案：be optimistic to fight against it
15.答案：on the decrease
三、
16.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的"We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes, they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years."可知，作者列举第一段的例子是为了告诉我们关于人类进化的一个新信息，那就是人类在最近几千年也在进化。B项符合以上说法，故选B项。
17.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的"The巴瑶族, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they've also built houses on stilts in coastal waters."可知，巴瑶族人把房子建在沿海区域。D项符合以上说法，故选D项。
18.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的"We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders"可知，让Jubilado感到吃惊的是巴瑶族人能在水下待更长的时间。C项符合以上说法，故选C项。
19.答案：A
解析：标题判断题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第二段中的"On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation—not to air or to food, but to the ocean."可知，本文主要讲述巴瑶族人为了更好地适应海上的生活，身体结构发生了变化，所以A项适合作本文标题，故选A项。
四、
答案：ECBGF
解析：①根据空后"Nor can you tell the direction from which you've come."中的Nor可知，本空含有否定意义的词。E项(突然间，你认不出周围的环境了)符合语境。
②根据空前的"What do you see "可知，C项中的the answer 呼应空前的问句，故选C项。
③根据全文结构来看，空处应为段落小标题。根据本段中的"While traveling through wilderness, be observant. Look for old campsites, fishing line, food bags, cigarette ends, plastic water bottles, or any other kind of litter."可知，本段主要介绍的方法是要寻找人的迹象。B项(寻找人的踪迹)可以概括本段内容，故选B项。
④根据段落小标题中的"open country"可将答案定位于D、G两项中，又因空后介绍了空地形成的原因及可能带来的好处，故G项(在空旷的田野旅行是发现文明迹象的好方法)引出下文，说明了迷路时待在空地的好处，符合语境，故选G项。
⑤根据空前的"If you are lost in hilly terrain, your best choice is almost always to travel downhill."可知，如果你在丘陵地带迷路，你最好的选择就是往低处走。F项(你要是不能在高处看到人的迹象)承接上文，引出下文，符合语境，故选F项。
2Unit 5 A delicate world
大单元思维知识整合
一、重点单词
dramatic adj. 戏剧的
heritage n.遗址
subsequent adj. 后来的，随后的
multiply v. 倍增
chaos n. 大混乱，紊乱
conserve v. 保护
virus n. 病毒
depart v. 离开
collapse v. 坍塌
substantial adj.大量的
ecology n.生态
compare v. 比较
visual adj. 视觉的
mystery n. 神秘的事
rare adj. 稀有的
incident n. 小事件
intervention n. 干预，介入
apparent adj. 显而易见的，明白的
vast adj. 巨大的
vary v. 变化
explode v. 爆炸，突然增加
exist v. 生存
secure adj. 稳固的，安全的
greet v. 打招呼
altitude n. 高度，海拔
sculpt v.雕塑
remain v. 保持，仍然是
legend n. 传奇
incredible adj.难以置信的，极好的，极大的
二、重点短语
in harmony with 与……和睦相处，与……协调一致
the number of ……的数目
die out 灭绝，绝种
out of control 不受控制；失去控制
come up with 想出，提出(计划、想法等)
turn out 原来是；结果发现
once and for all 彻底地；一劳永逸地
on behalf of 代表
make it (经历艰难困苦后)成功；(及时)到达(尤指来得及做某事)
be named after 以……命名
fail to do sth 未能做某事
live/work/exist in perfect harmony with… 与……和谐生存/工作/存在
take over 占领，接管
develop /have an appetite for… 对……产生食欲
a source of food 食物来源
in turn 反过来
in return 作为回报
large in number 在数量上巨大
nature reserve 自然保护区 out of control 失控
come up with 提出
decrease from…to… 从……降至……
decrease by 下降了……
in consequence因此，结果
as a consequence of 由于
be trapped/stuck/caught in 被困于，陷入
with the departure of 随着……的离开
a substantial number of 许多
once and for all 一劳永逸地
participate in 参加
tackle the problem 处理问题
remaining invading species 剩下的入侵物种
owe sb. sth. 欠某人某物，把某事归功于某人
be absorbed in集中精力……
rely on 依靠
feed/live on 以……为食
prey on 捕食，掠夺
break down 分解，出故障，崩溃
三、重点句型
1．while引导时间状语从句
But as the saying goes, "While the cat's away, the mice will play."
2．动词 ing的主动形式表示被动意义
This incident made it clear that the rat, mouse and rabbit problem needed solving (需要解决) once and for all.
3．强调句型
Or is it the mysterious creature called "Yeren"(wild man) thathas captured the imagination of the world
4．过去分词短语作后置定语
UNESCO awarded Shennongjia this status because it meets two criteria required by the list．
5．it 作形式主语
The green grass and bare rock of its landscape contrast dramatically, giving it a wild and natural beauty.
青草和裸露的岩石形成了鲜明的对比，给人一种野性和自然的美。
It turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus, and their numbers exploded once again.
结果它们对病毒产生了免疫力，它们的数量再次激增。
It is my great pleasure to give a lecture here on behalf of the Be at One with Nature Association.
我很高兴在这里代表“与自然融为一体协会”做一个讲座。
6. it 作形式宾语
No visitor would think it surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
没有游客会对该岛被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产感到惊讶。
Experts felt it necessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island.
专家们认为有必要提出一个计划，把所有的兔子从岛上赶走。
四、重点语法
it 作形式宾语
当动词不定式（短语）、v-ing(短语）或从句作宾语时，为了保持句子结构的平衡，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语后置。此时的it无词义。其用法如下：
（1）常以it作形式宾语的动词有：feel, consider, find, believe, make, take, imagine, prove, think, suppose, regard, notice等。
D find it easy to get on with Jim.我发现同吉姆相处很容易。
（2）it 作形式宾语，代替动词不定式（短语）
They found it pleasant to work with us Chinese.他们发现与我们中国人一起工作很愉快。
He makes it a rule never to borrow money from others.他立志决不向别人借钱。
I consider it advisable to tell her beforehand.我认为还是事先告诉她好。
（3）it 作形式宾语，代替 v-ing(短语）
用 v-ing(短语）作真正的宾语时，其宾补通常是 no use, no good, a waste, hard work等。
I think it no good spending too much time watching TV.我认为花太多时间看电视是没有好处的。
I feel it hard work persuading him into doing it.我感觉说服他做那件事很难。
（4）it 作形式宾语，代替从句
①在一些习惯用法中，it在hate，like，love，appreciate，enjoy，take，have等动词后作形式宾语，代替其后的宾语从句。
I hate it when he talks with his mouth full.我讨厌他一边吃一边说话。
I like it when a book is so good that you cannot put it down.我喜欢那种碰上好书时手不释卷的感觉。
②在一些特殊结构中，用it作形式宾语。
take it for granted that...认为......是理所当然
see to it that...确保......
owe it to...that... 多亏....../幸亏......
We all take it for granted that James will win the game.我们都确信詹姆斯将赢得这场比赛。
Would you see to it that she gets home early 你保证她早早到家，好吗？
I owe it to my teacher that I made such rapid progress.多亏了我的老师，我才取得这么快的进步。
大单元综合试题训练
一、语法填空
1. He began to feel sympathy for this slightly _______ (mystery) man.
2. I thought she had retired, but _____ (apparent) she hasn't.
3. The actress described the photographs of her as an _____ (invade) of privacy.
4. _____ (vary) among mankind is limited to the possible permutations of our genes.
5. They exchanged _____ (greet) and sat down to conceive the future of their company.
6. Chris and Tim work at a zoo, helping ______ (endanger) cranes with their reproduction.
7. The driver very _____ (rare) wears a raincoat because he spends most of his time in a van.
8. With a little _____ (imagine), you could turn this place into a harmonious world.
9. The association was set up to preserve the _____ (endanger) penguins from extinction.
10. It isn't rewarding to make a ______ (compare) with her previous books-they are completely different.
二、翻译句子
11.____________________________________________________________
我让你自己判断这事是否该做。
12.____________________________________________________________
尽管放心，我们会随时帮你的。
13.____________________________________________________________
他坚持说自己是无辜的。
14.__________________________________________________________
大的大脑使身体更难移动且消耗更多的能量。
15.__________________________________________________________
他的女儿Melissa认为，拯救他的音乐是非常值得的。
三、阅读理解
Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding(繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf(犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity(圈养).
Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: "Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day."
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.
According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the rhinos a "critically endangered" status.
16. Which of the following best describes the breeding programme
A. Costly. B. Controversial. C. Ambitious. D. Successful.
17. What does Paul Beer say about the new-born rhino
A. She loves staying with her mother. B. She dislikes outdoor activities.
C. She is in good condition. D. She is sensitive to heat.
18. What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have
A. They had their first born in January. B. They enjoyed exploring new places.
C. They lived with their grandmothers. D. They were brought to the reserve young.
19. What can be inferred about Port Lympne Reserve
A. The rhino section will be open to the public.
B. It aims to control the number of the animals.
C. It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.
D. Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.
四、七选五
Swap, Don't shop!
You keep hearing about recycling, right But it doesn't end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources(资源) to make, and buying loads of new clothing(or throwing out old clothing)is not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you're-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor ①________. It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had. It's really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.
●Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection. ②______, and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
●③_______. They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their "new" clothes home.
●Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room. ④_____. Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.
●Set a starting time. Maybe you say "go," or turn on a certain song, or whatever. ⑤_____. And don't forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!
A. Less people than that
B. Hold a clothing swap
C. If two people are competing
D. Just keep music playing throughout
E. Donate whatever clothes are left over
F. Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
答案以及解析
1.答案：mysterious
解析：考查形容词。句意:他开始对这位有点儿神秘的男子感到同情。形容词修饰名词,空处修饰名词man,故用形容词形式。
2.答案：apparently
解析：句意:我原以为她退休了,但显然她还没有退。此处在句中作状语,用副词形式。
3.答案：invasion
解析：句意:那位女演员认为她的这些照片是对隐私权的侵犯。此处在冠词an后面,用可数名词的单数形式。
4.答案：Variation
解析：句意:人类的变异受限于我们的基因可能存在的排列。分析句子结构可知,此处作主语,并且谓语动词是第三人称单数形式,故用名词的单数形式。
5.答案：greetings
解析：句意:他们互致问候,坐下来设想公司的未来。此处表示“问候”,用greetings。
6.答案：endangered
解析：句意：克里斯和蒂姆在动物园工作，帮助濒危的鹤进行繁殖。此处作定语，修饰cranes，应用形容词形式。
7.答案：rarely
解析：句意:该司机极少穿雨衣,因为大部分时间他都是待在货车里。此处修饰谓语动词,在句中作状语,用副词形式。
8.答案：imagination
解析：句意:运用一点儿想象力,你就能把这个地方变成一个和谐的世界。此处在介词with后面,用名词作宾语。
9.答案：endangered
解析：句意:成立这个协会是为了保护濒危企鹅不致灭绝。此处修饰后面的名词penguins,用形容词作定语。
10.答案：comparison
解析：句意:与她以前的书相比毫无意义—它们是截然不同的。此处在冠词a后面,用名词形式。
二、
11.答案：I leave it to your own judgment whether you should do it.
解析： it作形式宾语,真正宾语为whether引导的从句。
12.答案：You may depend on it that we shall always help you.
13.答案：He insisted on it that he was innocent.
14.答案：The big brains make it harder for the body to move around and consume more energy.
解析： it作形式宾语,真正宾语为不定式。
15.答案：Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music.
解析： his daughter前后加逗号,作Melissa的同位语。it作形式宾语,真正宾语是动词不定式。
三、
16.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve以及especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity可知， 人工繁育黑犀牛是很困难的， 而这个项目已迎来第40头人工繁育的黑犀牛， 由此可知， 该项目十分成功。故选D项。
17.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore.可知， 这头新繁育出的黑犀牛幼崽身体状况良好。故选C项。
18.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的When the tiny creature arrived on January 31和第二段中的Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum以及第三段中的arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima可知， 这两头黑犀牛的共同之处在于它们都是在1月份产下第一只幼崽。故选A项。
19.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild可知， 现在说是否将这两头新繁育的黑犀牛幼崽送回野生保护区还为时过早， 从而可推断出该基地可能会视情况将一些繁育出的黑犀牛送回野生保护区。故选D项。
四、
答案：BAGFD
解析：①根据上文"So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you're-maybe-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor (那么，该如何处理那些堆在卧室地板上的看起来完好但你可能有点厌倦的衣服呢 )"可知此处提出关于如何解决旧衣物的问题。根据下文"It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.(这是扔掉旧衣服、从朋友那里买衣服、同时开派对的最好方法。)"可知此处提到了具体处理旧衣物的方法，空处应起承上启下的作用，承接上文讲到的问题，启下提出的方法，所以空处应该提出一种处理旧衣物的好方法。B项"Hold a clothing swap.(进行衣物交换。)"给出了一种处理旧衣物的方法，承上启下，符合上下文语境。故选B。
②根据上文"Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection.(邀请5到10个人，这样你就有一个很好的选择。)"可知此处说明了应该邀请的人数。根据下文"and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.(可能没有足够的东西可供选择;多于这个数量，它就变得无法控制。)可知多于或少于一定数量的人数将会导致一些麻烦。所以空处应是针对下文中的"more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable. (超过这个数，就会变得无法控制。)"提出的相反假设。A项"Less people than that(少于这些人)"提出一种假设，和下文中"more than that"相对，说明人数不宜太多，也不能太少，符合上下文语境。故选A。
③空处位于段首，是本段的主旨句。根据下文"They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their "new" clothes home.(他们还应该准备大量的可重复使用的袋子，把他们的"新"衣服带回家。)说明去的时候应该为交换所得的"新衣服"准备袋子，所以空处应该讲对每个来参加交换派对的人所带衣物的要求。G项"Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition.(告诉每个人带来品相完好的衣服。)"说明去参加衣物交换的时候应该带完好的衣服，其中的bring和下文中carry相对，下文中的also也是提示词，并且空后的They指代G项的everyone，概括本段文意，符合上下文语境。故选G。
④根据段首句"Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.(把不同类型的衣服放在房间的不同地方。)"可知本段主要讲衣服带来以后的相关问题，根据下文"Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on.(在房间周围放几面镜子，这样人们试穿时就能看到衣服的样子。)可知在房间里要放置一面镜子，方便人们试穿衣服，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是在房间里人们对于带来的衣服应该怎么做。F项"Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots.(让每个人的衣服都放在相应的位置上。)"说明每个人应该按照不同类型把衣服摆放在相应的位置，而且F项的spots对应空前的surfaces，符合上下文语境。故选F。
⑤根据上文"Set a starting time. Maybe you say "go," or turn on a certain song, or whatever.(设置开始时间。也许你说"开始"，或者打开一首歌，或者无论什么。)可知本段主要讲的是和聚会有关的事情。根据下文"And don't forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!(别忘了拿出一些饼干和水果。记住，这是个派对!)"可知此处讲的是聚会上应该提供一些派对该有的服务。空处承上启下，所以也应该讲述和聚会有关的内容。D项"Just keep music playing throughout.(要始终播放音乐。)"承接上文，启出下文，而且D项中的music对应空前的a certain song，与前文形成意义上的一致，符合上下文语境。故选D。
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