(共26张PPT)
句子成分和
简单句的五种基本句型
目录CONTENTS
I want to go travelling.
want
I
to
go
travelling
句子排序
我想去旅游。
导入
英语的句子是如何组成的?
由一个个单词组成
单词如何构成句子?
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
主语
谓语
表语
宾语
定语
状语
补语
句子成分
定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
同位语
分类:
主语
定义:是一个句子所叙述的主体,
说明动作是“谁,什么”发出的,一般位于句首。
Jane is good at playing the piano.
She went out in a hurry.
Four plus four is eight.
To see is to believe.
The young should respect the old.
What he has said is true.
谓语
定义:是对主语加以陈述,说明主语的动作、状态和特征,一般由动词充当,放在主语之后。
谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。(主谓一致)。
谓语
(1)由单一动词作谓语
We are Chinese.
(2)单个动词短语
He puts up his hands
(3)情态动词+实义动词原形
He can speak English well.
(4)助动词+实义动词
She is talking with her sister.
I have seen this man before.
The boy was beaten by his father
(5)“系动词+表语”或系表短语
She is cute.
简单谓语
复合谓语
宾语
定义:动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词(vt)和介词(prep)后,有时会有双宾语.
Show your passport, please.
She didn't say anything.
They sent the injured to hospital.
Did you write down what he said
give you your passport
宾语补语
定义:有些及物动词除了一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足,使句子的意义完整。
这类常用动词(vt.)有:make, ask, see, find, call, get, have, let, tell, help, keep.
宾语补语
I found the book interesting.
I make my students interested in my class.
She asked me to lend her a hand.
We made him monitor in our class.
We found him in trouble now.
We found it necessary to study English.
表语
定义:在系动词后的部分就是表语,用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态。
The speech is exciting.
They seem to know the truth.
I don't feel at ease.
That's why he came here.
定语
定语:是用来修饰、限定名词或代词的品质与特征的。
定语的位置一般有两种:
前置定语
后置定语
He is a clever boy.
状语
定义:用以修饰形容词、动词、副词以及全句,位置灵活。
修饰形容词和副词时通常位于被修饰的词之前。
分类:地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、让步、条件、程度、方式和伴随状语。
She is very good.
同位语
定义:对名词或代词进行补充说明或进一步解释说明。
We young people should respect the old.
He himself will do the experiment.
He told me the news that our team won the game.
I met my best friend Tom at the station.
Basic Sentence Patterns
简单句基本句型
知识讲解
基本句型
主+谓
主+谓+宾
主+系+表
主+谓+间宾+直宾
主+谓+宾+宾语补足语
(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。
S +
Vt +
IO +
She
passed
him
a new dress.
DO
S Vt(及物) IO间宾 (人) DO直宾
(物)
I 2. My dad 3. He him me you my pictures.
a watch.
a book.
showed
brought
bought
主+谓+宾+宾补
特点:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还
不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个成分来补充说明
宾语,才使意思完整。
S +
Vt +
C
We
saw
him
out.
O +
S Vt(及物) O(宾语) C(宾补)
He 2. They 3. What the table the house him clean.
dirty.
sad
keep
found
makes
小测
1. Things changed.
2. Trees are green.
3. We don’t beat children.
4. He gave his sister the piano.
5. I found the book easy.
主 + 谓
主 + 系 + 表
主 + 谓+ 宾
主 + 谓 +间宾 +直宾
主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补
句子成分
一: 主语
二: 谓语
三: 宾语
四: 表语
五: 定语
六: 状语
七:同位语
小结
掌握这五种基本句型,
是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
一: 主+谓<不及物动词>
二: 主+系+表
三: 主+谓+宾
四: 主+谓+间宾+直宾
五: 主+谓+宾+宾补
小结
Thank you !
Goodbye!