(共24张PPT)
Friends forever
Writing
Unit 4
Part One
Comprehension and practice
1. To read and understand the ending to the story.
2. To deal with the phrases in the passage.
3. To analyse the major elements in writing an ending.
4. To learn to write a proper ending to a story.
Learning aims
Read Bob’s story after he was released from jail and answer the questions.
1. How did Bob feel when he finally got out of jail
2. Who was the young man
3. What kind of ending is this More than one description may be suitable.
A happy ending A sad ending
A surprise ending An open ending
Reading comprehension
Bob felt lost and helpless.
He was Jimmy’s son and his name was Bob.
√
√
6. 对做……感到吃惊 _________________
7. 在某人三十几岁时 _____________
8.到……时候为止___________
9. 吃惊地 ____________________
10. 被从监狱释放 __________________
1. 迈出…… ______________
2. 感到迷茫 ______________
3. 对……感到羞愧 ________________
4. 渴望获得…… __________
5. 转身 ______________
Important phrases
step out of ...
feel lost
be ashamed of ...
long for...
turn around
be surprised to do ...
in one’s thirties
by the time
in surprise
be released from jail
Read the passage again to find the expressions that describe:
setting:
characters:
actions:
Passage analysis
out of jail, cold wind, cold, dark night
now 58, lost and helpless, a young man, a familiar-looking man in his thirties, doubtfully
stepping out of, smiled bitterly, heard, turned around,
was surprised to find, replied, unfolded, shaking,
finished reading, shouted in surprised, smiled
Come up with your own ending to Jimmy and Bob’s story with the help of the following questions.
1. What type of ending will it be
2. Do you want to introduce other characters in the ending If so, who
are they
3. Where will the ending take place
4. What has happened to Bob and Jimmy over the past twenty years
5. How will the story end
Writing practice
It was a cold winter night when Bob came out of jail. After twenty years behind bars, he felt like a stranger to the city and everyone in it. Lost and helpless, he didn’t know where to go or whom to go to. A year after he had been arrested, his wife had left him and taken their daughter with her. Former good friends had cut all contact with him.
“Is there anyone here who still thinks of me ” he wondered bitterly. Recalling the night twenty years earlier that had completely changed his life, he wandered blindly through the streets.
One possible version
In the dim light of a streetlamp, he noticed an old man sitting on a bench. “Another lonely man, just like me,” he thought to himself.
“Bob,” the old man looked up. Although twenty years had passed, he could still recognize that face—Jimmy’s face. “I’m here for our meeting, though I don’t know if you still want it. Anyway, welcome home, buddy!”
“Long time no see,” murmured Bob, his voice trembling. The uncertainty was gone. He now had a home.
One possible version
Part Two
Writing
读后续写要求考生在阅读完一篇350词左右的还未写完的语言材料之后，根据该材料内容和所给段落开头语进行续写（150词左右)。续写短文多以记叙故事类文章或夹叙夹议类文章为主，线索逻辑强，故事经常曲折跌宕。要求读写并重，阅读需要精确理解，续写需要大胆推断但不能偏离主题。
写作指导——题型分析
续写步骤如下：
1.精读全文，确定线索。
精读全文首先要解决好五个W和一个H的问题，即理清人物who、地点where、时间when、事件what、原因why及怎样发展how，理清故事发展的线索。
2.构思情节，谋篇布局。
以原文结尾为起点，分析续写段落所给的首句开头，按照原文中事件发生的逻辑性，得出各段的主旨大意，构思好情节发展，预测故事的结局，发展须符合情节内在的逻辑。
3.理清逻辑，优化语言。
发挥联想和想象能力，紧紧围绕主题，按照情节的发展进行延续，写作手法上必须以记叙为主，描写上以动作描写为重心，情节的发展要合乎逻辑地推进。所续写的内容在主题、人物、线索及语言风格上要与原文保持一致，表现为上下文衔接自然，前后情节互相照应。
写作指导——写作步骤
1．精读所给语言材料，理清文章脉络并明确作者的论点，确定文章主旨。
2．寻求前文与续写段段首句之间的内在联系，站在作者的角度，设计并发展情节，
合理想象，情节要连贯。
3．后续情节一般为故事的高潮或延续，是原作者声音的延续、态度的延伸，因此，
要符合原文思路，并求得与读者的心理共鸣，让读者回味无穷。
4．续写时心态要端正，所续写内容要积极、健康向上，把事物美好的一面展示出来。
5．利用自己已有的知识和经验，在继承原作者风格和语言基础之上，准确、地道地
表达，充分展示语言的表现力。提高关联词与过渡语的使用率，增强整句表现力。
写作指导——写作方法
阅读短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事，150左右。
Robert and Henry were two friends in the same class. They always played together and went home together. One day Robert and Henry were going home from school, when, on turning a corner, Robert cried out, “A fight! Let’s go and see!”
“No,” said Henry. “Let us go quietly home and not meddle with(插手) this quarrel. We have nothing to do with it and may get into trouble. Also our parents are expecting to have dinner with us together at home and I don’t want them to worry about me. ”
“You are a coward(懦夫), and afraid to go,” said Robert, and off he ran. Henry went straight home, and in the afternoon went to school as usual.
写作训练——续写初尝试
But Robert had told all the boys that Henry was a coward, and they laughed at him . From then on, they looked down upon Henry and didn’t want to play with him together.
Henry was sad but he wasn’t angry with Robert for his rude behavior, because he learned that true courage is shown most in bearing misunderstanding when it was not deserved, and that he ought to be afraid of nothing but doing wrong. Thus, he just ignored the other boys’ laughter and continued to go to school and study as well. However, Robert didn’t invite Henry to go home with him anymore. Instead, he had some other boys who also thought Henry was a coward. Every day after school, they didn’t go home directly but went to the river or somewhere to play games and had a lot of fun.
写作训练——续写初尝试
A few days later, Robert was bathing with his new friends in a river, and got out of his depth. He struggled, and screamed for help, but all in vain. The boys who had called Henry a coward got out of the water as fast as they could, but they did not even try to help him.
Robert was fast sinking. _____________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
写作训练——续写初尝试
Robert was fast sinking. It seemed as if Robert would be drowned. Just at the moment, Henry happened to be passing by. Hearing the screams, Henry ran to the riverside, threw off his clothes and jumped into the water without hesitation. He reached Robert just as he was sinking the last time. Through great efforts and with much danger to himself, he brought Robert to the shore. Thus, Robert’s life was saved. Robert and his new friends were ashamed at having called Henry a coward. They realized that it was Henry who had true courage. They said sorry to Henry for their rude behavior and asked for his forgiveness. Henry forgave them happily. He and Robert were friends again and they went home together as usual. From this, Robert learned what true courage was: never be afraid to do good, but always fear to do evil.
范文展示
动作描写
回扣原文，内容积极
Part Three
Presenting ideas
Which one do you agree with
The more friends you have,
the happier you’ll be.
A few true friends are enough.
VS
Point of view:_____________________
Arguments:______________________
Supporting examples:______________
Procedures
In my opinion, ...
I’m sorry, but I don’t agree because...
I see your point, but...
That’s a good point, but...
Useful expressions
Team up with a group with
the opposite opinion and
hold a debate.
Presenting ideas
One possible version:
In my opinion, a few true friends are enough. To begin with, true friends are really difficult to find. In addition, once you have got true friendship, it takes time, energy and even your whole heart to take care of it, for it is so precious.
Presenting ideas(共29张PPT)
Friends forever
Developing ideas and presenting ideas
Unit 4
Part One
Reading comprehension
1. To know something about O. Henry and his works
2. To read and understand the passage as a whole
3. To master the words and phrases of the passage
4. To deal with the sentence patterns in the passage
Learning aims
William Sydney Porter(1862-1910), whose pen name was O. Henry, was a world-famous American short story writer. In his stories, he often focused on the everyday life of ordinary people in New York City at that time. His stories are best known for their surprising endings.
Lead in
1. Have you read any stories by O. Henry Share one with the class.
2. Do you like stories with surprise endings Why or why not
Students’ own answer.
Students’ own answer.
Lead in
Read the passage quickly and find out the main idea of the passage.
A. A policeman is working in the street.
B. The man with a scar is waiting to meet Jimmy, his friend twenty
years ago.
C. The two friends have ever corresponded.
D. The man and the policeman are dining tonight.
Fast reading
√
Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions.
1. When and where “After Twenty Years” is set
2. What facial feature does the man have
3. Who is Jimmy Wells
Careful reading
It is set in New York on a cold, dark night.
The man has a scar on his face.
He is the man’s best chum and the finest chap in the world.
Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions.
4. Why couldn’t the man drag Jimmy out of New York
5. Why is the man sure that Jimmy will meet him here if he’s alive
Because he thought it was the only place on earth.
Because he thought Jimmy always was the truest, staunchest old chap in the world.
Careful reading
We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made, whatever they were going to be.
Translation of the difficult sentences
我们认为二十年之后，我们俩应该都有各自的命运，也应该各自都发了财，不管他们将会是什么。
After Twenty Years
The short story “After Twenty Years” _______(set) in New York ____ a cold, dark night. Most people have left work ______(go) home, and this part of the city is now quiet. A policeman ________ is checking the area sees a man outside a shop. He goes up to the man and ______(find) he has a scar on his face.
Retelling
was set
on
to go
who/that
finds
He and I __________(raise) here in New York, just like two brothers, together. The next morning I was to start for the West _______(make) my fortune. You couldn’t have dragged Jimmy out ____ New York. Well, we agreed that night that we would meet here again exactly twenty years from that date and time, no matter what our _________(condition) might be or from what ________(distant) we might have to come. We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny _______(work) out and our fortunes made, whatever they were going to be.”
were raised
to make
of
conditions
distance
worked
Retelling
Work in groups. Think of a possible ending to “After Twenty Years” and find evidence to support your ideas. Use the following questions to the help you.
1. Did Jimmy come to meet his friend
2. What has Jimmy experienced over the past twenty years
3. What might happen between the policeman and the man
How about the ending
Be active to share your opinions.
The original ending
What does the note tell you about the ending of the story
The original ending
Jimmy was the policeman. He turned up as they agreed twenty years earlier, but he decided to fulfill his duty and have Bob arrested.
Part Two
Language points
1. __________ adj.普通的，平常的
2. __________ n. 伤疤
3. __________ n. 场景
4. __________ n. 好朋友
5. __________ n. 事业，生意
Words
6. __________ n. 小伙子，家伙
7. __________ n. 伙伴，搭档
8. __________ v. 拖，拉
9. __________ n. 命运，天命
10. _________ v. 拼命干，努力干
ordinary
scare
scene
chum
chap
partner
drag
destiny
preposition
hustle
11. ________ adj. 坚定的，忠实可靠的
12. ________ n. 摘录，节录
13. _______ n. 大笔的钱，巨款 →________ adj. 幸运的→ _________ adv. 幸运地
14. __________ v. 通信 → ______________ n. 通信，相似，一致
15. _________ adj. 约定的，指定的 →_______ v.约定，指定→ __________ n. 约定
16. ______ n. 雪茄烟→ ________ n. 香烟
17. ______ adj. 简单的，朴素的 → _______ adv.简单地，朴素地
Words
staunch
excerpt
fortune
fortunate
fortunately
correspond
correspondence
appointed
appoint
appointment
cigar
cigarette
plain
plainly
1. appointed adj.约定的，指定的
v. 约定；任命，委派 n. 约会；任命，委派
phr. appoint sb. as/to be sth.
appoint sb. to do sth.
make an appointment
keep/break an appointment
have/make an appointment with sb.
Key words
appoint
appointment
任命某人为……
委派某人去干某事
预约
守约
违约
翻译句子：
1) 校长委派我联系张老师。
Our headmaster appointed me to contact Mr. Zhang.
动词适当形式填空：
2) I've got an ____________(appoint) with Miss Smith.
3) Everyone appeared in the hall at the __________(appoint) time.
Practice
appointment
appointed
2. strike v. pt. ________ pp. ______________
1) A snowball struck him on the head.
2) The church clock began to strike twelve.
3) Last month, part of Asia was struck by floods.
4) The solution struck me immediately.
It struck me that we might have made the wrong decision.
5) We were struck by her kindness.
What struck me most was the enthusiasm of the local people.
6) He struck a match to light his cigar.
Key words
struck
struck/stricken
打, 撞击
(时钟等）敲响
突然袭击
突然想到
给……以某种印象
划一根火柴
strike n. 罢工
be on strike
go on strike
The workers will go on strike if the demands they put forward are turned down.
如果工人们提出的要求被拒，他们将罢工。
在罢工
举行罢工
Key words
1. 集中精力于 __________________
2. 最因……而著名 __________________
3. 以……为背景 __________________
4. 靠近某人 __________________
5. 和某人聊天 __________________
6. 发财 __________________
7. 把某人从……拖走 __________________
focus on
be best known for
be set in
go up to sb.
have a chat with sb.
make one’s fortune
drag sb. out of...
Phrases
8. 收到某人的来信 ___________________
9. 和某人失去联系 ___________________
10. 值得 ___________________
11. 出现; 调大 ___________________
12. 划火柴 ___________________
hear from sb.
lose track of sb.
be worth it
turn up
strike a match
Phrases
1. You couldn’t have dragged Jim out of New York.
句子翻译：你不可能把吉米拉出纽约。
考点分析：情态动词 + have done 表示推测
can’t/couldn’t have done sth. 过去不可能干过某事
must have done sth. 过去肯定干过某事，可能性很大
may/might have done sth. 过去可能做过某事，可能性小
Sentence patterns
单句语法填空:
1. It must ____________(rain) last night, for the ground is wet.
2. Why are your eyes so red You can’t ____________(sleep)
well last night.
3. It’s too late. I think he may ___________(go) to bed.
Practice
have rained
have slept
have gone
2. Well, we agreed that night that we would meet again exactly twenty years from that date and time, no matter what our conditions might be or from what distance we might have to come.
1) 长句分析 句中第二个that引导_________，该从句中又含有两个
what 引导的 _____________。
2) 重点提炼
no matter意思是“不管，无论”，与what/who/when/where/how等疑问词连用，引导让步状语从句，相当于whatever/whoever/whenever/ wherever/however等，而且在引导让步状语从句时，可以互相替换。
宾语从句
让步状语从句
Sentence patterns
单句语法填空
1) No matter ________ he did, his parents supported him.
2) No matter ________ diffficult the problem is, we’ll overcome it.
3) No matter ________ asks him for help, he’s always ready to help.
4) No matter ________ you come, you are welcome.
5) No matter ________ you go, I will accompany you.
Practice
what
how
who
when
where
注意：
whatever, whichever, whoever 既可以引导让步状语从句，也可以引导名词性从句，引导名词性从句时 whatever = anything that, whoever = anyone who。
I will do whatever I can to help you.
Whoever breaks the law should be punished.
Attention(共26张PPT)
Friends forever
Starting out & Understanding ideas
Unit 4
Part One
Comprehension
1. To talk about poetry about friendship.
2. To read and understand the passage as a whole.
3. To master the words and phrases in this part.
4. To deal with the sentence patterns in the passage.
Learning aims
Watch the video.
Lead in
According to the video and answer the following questions.
1. Which poem is mentioned in the video
2. What idea does the poem mainly express
3. What other poems do you know on the same topic
Auld Lang Syne.
It mainly reminds people to remember and value old friendships.
Lead in
The answer may vary.
Read the passage quickly and find out the main idea of each part.
Paragraph 1
Paragraphs 2-3
Paragraphs 4-7
Paragraph 8
A. The meaning of friendship and our longing
for friends remain the same
B. Problems with the new ways to make friends
C. Ways to make friends and communicate
have changed.
D. Advantages of new ways to make friends.
Skimming and Scanning
Read the passage and finish T or F questions
How we make friends and communicate with them has never changed. ( )
A wi-fi connection can help us maintain friendships. ( )
People can connect with others who have the same hobby on the Internet. ( )
In the author’s opinion, people can find real friends online. ( )
Aristotle believed it was a must for people to have a friend. ( )
F
changed significantly
T
T
F
T
Careful reading
it depends.
Answer the following questions
1. What happened in the past when people moved to a new place
2. What was the only way for people to stay in touch with in the past
3. How do social media tools influence us at present
They lost track of their friends.
The only way to stay in touch was writing letters.
They let us see what our friends are up to and maintain our friendships.
Careful reading
4. If you like collecting model cars, what can the Internet do for you
5. If people want to get real online friendship, what should they do
6. Does social media show the whole truth about a person Why
The Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy collecting them.
They should always exchange true personal information online.
No, it doesn’t. Because on social media sites people tend to post only positive updates.
Careful reading
Answer the following questions
Click for a friend
Technolgoy has greatly changed _____ we communicate. Social media allow us ________ (stay) in touch with friends easily now. All we need is ___ wi-fi connection. We can connect with people who share our hobbies and interests no matter _______ they are. But does it mean that your online friends are all reliable It _________(depend). ______ we see on social media is often not the whole ______ (true) about a person. On social media, people tend _______ (post) only positive updates. In spite of this, it doesn't mean we should throw the baby _____ with the bathwater. The meaning of friendship and our _______(long) for friends remain the same.
how
to stay
a
where
What
truth
to post
out
longing
depends
Retelling
Part Two
Language Points
1. __________ adj. 熟悉的 → ____________ adj. 不熟悉的
2. __________ n. 历险，奇遇 → _____________ n. 事故，灾难
3. __________ n. 进展，进步 → __________ adj. 高级的，先进的
4. ____________ adv. 重大的，显著的 → __________ adj. 重大的 → ____________n. 重要性
5. __________ v. 使可能 → _______ adj. 有能力的
6. __________ adv. 异常的，不同寻常的 → _______ adj. 平常的
7. __________ n. 最新消息 → _______ v. 更新
8. __________ n. 罪犯 → _______ n. 罪行
9. __________ v.证明 → _______ n. 证据
10. __________ v.说明，阐明 → ___________ n. 说明，插画，图解
familiar
unfamiliar
adventure
misadventure
advance
advanced
significantly
significant
significance
enable
able
unusual
usual
update
update
criminal
crime
prove
proof
illustrate
illustration
Words
1. 失去联系 ______________________
2.干某事的方法 __________________
3. 多亏 __________________________
4. 和某人交流 ____________________
5. 和某人保持联系 ________________
6. 忙于某事 _______________________
7. 是某人能干某事 ________________
lose track of
the way of doing
thanks to
communicate with sb
stay in touch with sb
be up to
enable sb to do sth
Phrases
8. 喜欢干某事 ____________________
9. 视情况而定 ____________________
10.记住 __________________________
11. 往往干某事 ___________________
12. 不分良莠一起抛弃 _______________________________
13.对某物的渴望 __________________
14. 即使 ___________________________
enjoy doing sth
It depends
keep... in mind
tend to do sth
throw the baby out with the bath water
the longing for sth
even if / even though
Phrases
1. advance v. 前进，行进 n. 进步，前进 adj. 预先的
advanced adj. 先进的，高级的
提前
在……的前面
在某方面取得进步
in advance
in advance of
make an advance in
Key words
句子翻译
(1)我得提前提醒你这份工作的危险性。
(2)Advance booking is required.
用advance的适当形式填空
(1)Thanks to the __________ technolgy, we live in an age of better
communication.
(2)They ___________ twenty miles by nightfall.
I should warn you in advance of the danger of the job.
要求提前预定。
advanced
advanced
Key words
2. tend vi. 往往会 vt./vi. 照顾，照料
往往会干某事
照顾某人
【拓展】 tendency n. 趋势，倾向
have a tendency to do sth 有干某事的倾向
tend to do sth
tend (to) sb.
Key words
单句语法填空
(1)There’s a _________(tend) that more and more people choose
online shopping rather than to stores to buy what they like.
(2)We tend __________ (have) a better memory for things that
excites our senses.
(3)She ________________ (tend) to the sick since she graduated.
tendency
to have
has been tending
Key words
be up to...
Guess the meaning of the underlined part according to the context.
(1)Up to now he’s been quiet.
(2)Most of her clothes are up to date.
(3)I can take up to four people in my car.
(4)He’s not up to the job.
(5)What’s he up to？
(6)It’s up to you whether we accept the present or not.
到目前为止
跟得上形势，时髦
多达
胜任
从事于，忙于
由……决定，由……负责
Key phrase
1. But we need to keep in mind that what we see on social media is
often not the whole truth about a person.
句式剖析
1）keep... in mind 意思是______________。that 引导的是宾语
从句，作动词keep的宾语，构成句式“keep in mind that+句子”
2）在that 引导的宾语从句中，what 从句作_______从句。
考点提炼
what 引导主语从句时， 有含义，译为“……的事物”，相当于 the
thing(s) that; what 可以在从句中充当 主语，宾语，表语或定语。
把……记在心里
主语
Sentence patterns
写出下列句子中what的成分
(1)What matters is your action instead of your words.
(2)What he wants to tell us is that he will succeed soon.
(3)What job he is doing is a secret to his family.
(4)What the old man’s name is remains unknown to us.
what 作从句主语
what 作从句宾语
what 作从句定语
what 作从句表语
Sentence patterns
what 引导主语从句时，主句谓语动词形式取决于主句中表语的形式。
Eg. What he needs ______ enough time and what I need _____ enough books.
is
are
attention
Sentence patterns
2. Although technology has changed the way we acquire friends,
the meaning of friendship and the longing for friends remain the
same.
1) 长句分析 although引导______________，主句句子结构是
__________.
2) 重点提炼
we acquire friends 是 ________ 从句，修饰先行词 ________.
定语
the way
让步状语从句
主系表
Sentence patterns
way 作先行词，
当后面的定语从句中缺少状语时，关系词可以用 in which 或 that 或 可以省略。
当后面的定语从句中缺少主语或状语时，关系词可以用 which 或 that 作宾语时，可以省略。
填上适当的连接词
(1)The way ______________ he told us was quite simple.
(2)The way __________________ he explained sentences to us
was not difficult to understand.
Sentence patterns
that/ which/ 省略
that/ in which/ 省略
3) remain 在句中为系动词，意为“保持，仍旧”。后可接 adj./n.
remain silent/ seated
remain to be done
the remaining time
It remains to be seen whether the plan will work.
有待于被……
剩余的时间
保持沉默/坐着
计划是否奏效还要拭目以待。
Sentence patterns(共23张PPT)
Unit 4 Grammar
Attributive Clauses(1)
To look at some sentences and analyze the features of them;
To go over some basic rules of attributive clauses;
To do some related exercises to further understand the rules.
Learning Aims
1.Nowadays，we can …and still stay in touch with the people
that we want to remain friends with.
2.The digital age also enables us to find people who share
our interests...
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
What kind of sentences are they
What does “that” refer to in sentence 1
What does “who” refer to in sentence 2
Attributive clauses.
The people.
People.
语法知识问答
1. 什么是定语从句？
2. 什么是先行词？
3. 什么是关系词？
4. 常用的关系词有哪些？
5. 定语从句分为哪两类？
在主从复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句，叫作定语从句。
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。
连接主句与定语从句的词叫作关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。
that ,which, who, whom, whose,where, when, why
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
关系代词的用法
关系代词 指代 成分
which
that
who
whom
whose
物
人/物
人
人
人/物
主、宾、表
主、宾、表
主、宾、表
宾
定
基 础 巩 固
用适当的关系代词填空
1.Do you know the man _______ is talking with your mother
2. The plan ___________ they argued about was settled at last.
3.This is the person __________you should thank for helping your son.
4.The film __________ you are looking forward to seeing will be on tomorrow.
5.I like those books ________ topics are about history.
6.Any student ________ family is too poor to go to school can get
help from the government.
who/that
which/that
who/whom
that/which
whose
whose
关系代词的作用
Nowadays，we can …and still stay in touch with the people
that we want to remain friends with.
Nowadays, we can … and still stay in touch with the people.
We want to remain friends with the people.
拆分
Nowadays, we can … and still stay in touch with the people
we want to remain friends with.
the people
1.连接：连接主句与定语从句；
2.代替：在定语从句中代替先行词；
3.成分：在定语从句中作主、宾、表语。
1.We don’t know the number of people. They lost their homes in the disaster.
2.The boy is our monitor. The teacher often praises him.
3.The children are being treated in the hospital now. They were injured in a car accident.
4.I don’t know the woman. Her house was destroyed in the flood.
Combine the sentences with that, which, whose or whom.
1.We don’t know the number of these people. They lost their homes in the disaster.
2.The boy is our monitor. The teacher often praises him.
Combine the sentences with that, which, whose or whom.
We don’t know the number of these people who/that lost their
homes in the disaster.
The boy who/whom the teacher often praises is our monitor.
3.The children are being treated in the hospital now. They were injured in a car accident.
4.I don’t know the woman. Her house was destroyed in the flood.
Combine the sentences with that,which,whose or whom.
The children who were injured in a car accident are being treated in
the hospital now.
I don’t know the woman whose house was destroyed in the flood.
关系代词的用法——宜用that不宜用which的情况
1.先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代词时；
2.先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时；
3.先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时；
4.先行词既指人又指物时；
5.先行词被the only, the very修饰时；
6.句中已经有who或which，为了避免重复时。
基 础 巩 固
用适当的关系代词填空
1. All the books ______ you offered have been given out.
2. This is the best film ______ I have ever seen.
3. We talked about the persons and things ______ we remembered.
4. He is the only man ______ I want to see.
5. Who is the man _____ is making a speech
that
that
that
that
that
All
the best
the persons and things
the only
Who
关系代词的用法——宜用which不宜用that的情况
1.当先行词本身就是that时;
2.当关系代词后有插入语时;
3.当关系代词前有介词且指物或事时;
4.非限制性定语从句中。
基 础 巩 固
用适当的关系代词填空
1.This is the book _______，I think，can help you improve your English.
2.She didn’t pass the exam，_______ made her unhappy.
3.What’s that _______he asked for？
4.The pen with _______ you are writing is Linda’s.
which
which
which
which
I think
,
that
with
关系代词的用法——宜用who不宜用that的情况
1.当先行词是指人的不定代词时，如：one，ones，anyone;
2.当先行词是I，you，he，they等人称代词时(常用于谚语中);
3.当先行词为指人的those时;
4.在there be结构中，先行词指人时。
用适当的关系代词填空
1.Those ______ have good manners will be highly respected.
2.He ______ doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
3.Anyone _______ does that must be mad.
4.There is a young man _______ wants to see you.
基 础 巩 固
who
who
who
who
Those
He
Anyone
There is a young man
使用定语从句的注意事项
1.主谓一致问题
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。
注意：“one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；“the only one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。
2. 为了避免关系词的重复，被关系代词代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。
使用定语从句的注意事项
3.关系代词的省略。
(1)关系代词作主语时不能省略。
(2)作动词宾语的关系代词可以省略。作介词宾语的关系代词，如果不直接位于介词后，可以省略；如果直接位于介词后，不能省略。
(3)关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中不能省略。
4. 关系代词that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
完成下列句子
1. The suitcase that _____(lie) on the ground is hers.
2. This is one of the books which _____________(write) by Charles Dickens.
单句改错
3. The film we saw it last night is very frightening.
4. He is the only one of the boys in our class who have learned French.
5. We visited the house where Shakespeare once lived in.
lies
were written
基 础 巩 固
has
which
Lucy is my friend. She has a hearing problem.
When she first came to my school, she seemed
Lonely, but we soon became friends. At first it
was difficult to communicate with her. So I learnt
a new language. It allows me to “speak” with my
hands.
Lucy is a smart girl. Her ideas are always inspiring.
I sometimes have problems. I can’t solve them.
When this happens. I always ask Lucy for help.
Lucy is a good listener. I enjoy sharing moments
of my life with her.
Rewrite the underlined sentences with that,which,who,whom or whose.
Lucy is my friend. She has a hearing problem. When she first came to my school, she seemed lonely, but we soon became friends. At first it was difficult to communicate with her. So I learnt a new language. It allows me to “speak” with my hands.
Lucy is a smart girl. Her ideas are always inspiring. I sometimes have problems. I can’t solve them. When this happens. I always ask Lucy for help. Lucy is a good listener. I enjoy sharing moments of my life with her.
Rewrite the underlined sentences with that,which,who,whom or whose.
Lucy is my friend who has a hearing problem.
So l learnt a new language which allows
me to “speak” with my hands.
Lucy is a smart girl whose ideas are always inspiring.
I sometimes have problems that/which I can’t solve.
Lucy is good listener whom I enjoy
sharing moments of my life with.
Walking group welcomes new members!
Walk and Talk is a group 1.___________ meets every Sunday. It is free to join. Walk and Talk is perfect for anyone 2._______ weekends need some excitement. We are all teenagers 3.______ love walking and making new friends.
We want you to join us! The next walk 4.__________ is open to new members is on 22 July. You can also bring your friends. However, anyone 5. _____ you bring must be over 12 years old.
Come along and join the fun!
that/which
whose
that
that/which
who
Complete the online forum post with that, which, who, whom or whose.
Thank you!(共34张PPT)
Friends forever
Using language
Unit 4
Part One
Grammar
1. To deal with the grammar of the unit—the Attributive Clauses (I)
2. To talk about the key words of your “Friendship soup”
3. To master the words and phrases in this part
4. To deal with the sentence patterns in the passage
Learning aims
1. 定义：在主从复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句，叫作定语从句。
它所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。
2. 构成：先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句
3. 关系词的作用：1）连接主句和从句；
2）指代先行词；
3）在从句中充当句子成分。
定语从句概述
4. 定语从句的分类：限制性定语从句（restrictive）
非限制性定语从句（non-restrictive）
区别：
1）限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，与主句关系紧
密。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。无逗号隔开。
2）非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说
明。 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。用逗号与主句分开。
定语从句概述
4. 定语从句的分类：
1) The man who came here yesterday has come again.
2) That is Mr. Wang, whose daughter teaches English at a middle
school.
定语从句概述
5. 关系词的分类：
关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as （本单元讲前五个）
关系副词：where, when, why
定语从句概述
关系代词基本用法
the relative pronouns referring to functions in the clause
which
that
who
whom
whose
thing
thing/person
person
person
thing/person
subject / object / predicative
subject / object / predicative
subject / object / predicative
object
attributive
注意：whom, which和that在从句中做________时，常可以省略，但介词提前时,后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用_____。
选择适当关系词填空(注意哪些可以省略)
① Do you know the professor _______ will give us a speech next week
② I read a report about his new novel _________ will soon be published.
③ The plan ___________ they argued about was settled at last.
④ This is the new secretary ______________ I would like to introduce to you.
⑤ The soldier _______ legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay.
关系代词基本用法
动词宾语
that
that/who
that/which
（that/which）
（that/who/whom)
whose
1.先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代词时
2.先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时
3.先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时
4.先行词既指人又指物时
5.先行词被the only, the very修饰时
6.句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时
关系代词基本用法——只用that 的情况
1.在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人。
2.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。
(后面单元细讲)
3.先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who。
关系代词基本用法——只用which/who/whom的情况
1. He told me everything ______ he knows.
2. All the books ______ you offered have been given out.
3. This is the best film ______ I have ever read.
4. We talked about the persons and things ______ we remembered.
5. He is the only man ______ I want to see.
Practice
（that）
（that）
（that）
（that）
（that）
6. Who is the man _____ is making a speech
7. He has a son, _____ has gone abroad for further study.
8. I like the person to _______ the teacher is talking.
9. Those _____ respect others are usually respected by others.
that
who
whom
who
Practice
一般情况下，关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句谓语动词的人称和数一般与先行词的人称和数保持一致。
The books that _____ sold out were all written by Tom.
I’m fond of the piece fo music which _____ played by Jenny.
were
was
定语从句的主谓一致
特别提醒：
1. 在 “one of ＋复数名词＋定语从句” 结构中，定语从句中谓语动词用
复数形式。
This is one of the rooms that ______(be) damaged in the fire.
2. 在“the only one of ＋复数名词＋定语从句” 结构中，定语从句的谓语
动词用单数形式。
Mary is the only one of the youngest girls who ______(play) in the band.
定语从句的主谓一致
were
plays
Walking group welcomes new members!
Walk and Talk is a group 1._________ meets every Sunday. It is free to join. Walk and Talk is perfect for anyone 2._______ weekends need some excitement. We are all teenagers 3.______ love walking and making new friends.
We want you to join us! The next walk 4._________is open to new members is on 22 July. You can also bring your friends. However, anyone 5. _____ you bring must be over 12 years old.
Come along and join the fun!
Complete the online forum post with proper relative pronouns.
that/which
whose
that
that/which
who
Part Two
Reading comprehension
Read the recipe and think why the number of the ingredients are different. Which of them do you think is the most important
The answer may vary.
Reading
Match the words in bold in Activity 4 to the dictionary entries.
1. __________ noun [u] an act of being kind, especially by
giving things to others
2. __________ noun [u] a feeling that shows you believe that
someone is honest and fair
3. __________ noun [u] a strong feeling of love or interest
4. __________ noun [u] a quality that offers help to others
generosity
trust
passion
helpfulness
Reading
5. _________ noun [u] words or actions that make people feel better
6. _________ noun [u] the quality of being funny and understanding
funny situations
7. ______________ noun [u] words or actions that give someone
support and hope
8. _________ noun [u] the ability to wait without becoming anxious
or angry
Reading
comfort
humour
encouragement
patience
1. ________ adj. 鼓舞人心的 → _______ adj. 备受鼓舞的→
_______ v. 激励，鼓舞 →__________ n. 灵感
2. ______ n. 克→ ________ n. 千克
3. _______ n. 安慰，慰藉 → ________ v. 安慰 → __________ adj. 舒服的
4. ________ n. 耐心 → _______ n. 病人→ _______ adj. 耐心的→
adv. 耐心地 ________
Words
inspiring
inspired
inspire
inspiration
gram
kilogram
comfort
comfort
comfortable
patience
patient
patient
patiently
5. __________ n. 慷慨，大方 → _________ adj. 慷慨的 →
__________ adv. 慷慨地
6. ________ n. 幽默→ ___________ adj. 幽默的
7. _______ n. 素质，品德→ _______ n. 质量
8. _______ adj. 焦虑的，不安的 → _________ adv. 焦虑地，不安地 →
_______ n. 焦虑，不安
9. _______ v. 使与……保持距离→ _______ n. 距离 → ______ adj. 遥远的
Words
generosity
generous
generously
humour
humourous
quality
quality
anxious
anxiously
anxiety
distance
distance
distant
10. ________ n. 青少年，十几岁的孩子
11. _______ v. 灌，倒，注
12. _______ n. 锅
13. _______ n.小包，小盒
14. _________ n. 强烈的感情，激情
15. _______ n. 片，薄片
16. _________ v. 推迟，延期
teenager
pour
pot
pack
passion
slice
postpone
Words
patience 耐心，耐性
adj. 耐心的 n.病人 _________
with patience __________________
be patient with sb. _______________
have (no) patience with ________________
lose / run out of patience with _______________
patient
耐心地=patiently
对……有耐心
对……(没)有耐心
对……失去耐心
Key words—patience
1. 她适合这项工作，因为她对孩子们很有耐心。
① She is fit for the job because she is patient with children.
② She is fit for the job because she has patience with children.
2. 护士应该耐心地对待(treat)病人。
① Nurses ought to treat their patients with patience.
② Nurses ought to treat their patients patiently.
Key words—patience
anxious adj. 焦虑的；不安的；渴望的
1) be anxious for sb. / about sth. 为某人/某事担忧
2) be anxious to do sth. 渴望做某事
be anxious for sth. 渴望(得到)某物
be anxious that... 渴望……
3) anxiously adv. 焦虑地；不安地；渴望地
4) anxiety n. 焦虑，不安 with anxiety 焦虑地
Key words—anxious
1. 她对独自旅行感到担心。
She is anxious about travelling on her own.
2. 全世界的人都渴望和平。
People all over the world were anxious for peace.
3. 他急于知道出了什么事。
He was anxious to know what had happened.
Key words—anxious
1. 未能干某事 _____________________
2. 把……倒入…… ___________________
3. 把……和……混合_________________
4. 一盒……，一包…… _______________
5. 一滴…… ____________________
6. 一片…… _____________________
Phrases
fail to do...
pour ... into ...
mix ... with ...
a pack of ...
a / one drop of ...
a slice of ...
Part Three
Listening
Listen to the conversation and number the events in the correct order.
Andy and Clara thought about postponing their trip.
Matt broke his leg.
Andy and Clara agreed on a plan.
Matt called Clara.
Andy, Clara and Matt decided to go to London.
Andy and Clara made a cardboard version of Matt.
Listening
1
2
3
4
5
6
Listen again and complete the table.
Suggestion Comment
We could send him 1.______ of the places we visit. That might make him
2.______________.
How about sending him 3._______________ from every place we visit They may 4.__________
to arrive
photos
feel even worse
funny postcards
take days
Listening
Listen again and complete the table.
Suggestion Comment
How about having a(n) 5._________ with him at different places They aren’t 6._______ in some places.
We can print Mat’s photo on a 7.________ cardboard cutout and take photos with it everywhere we go. It will feel like he’s there with us and Matt will 8.______ at the photos.
video chat
allowed
life-sized
laugh
Listening
Learn to Make a Suggestion
Why don’t we...
How about…
I was wondering whether...
It would be a good idea to…
Listening
