2024届高三英语一轮复习：定语从句课件(共24张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024届高三英语一轮复习：定语从句课件(共24张PPT) |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 5.5MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-10-16 10:10:16 | ||
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(共24张PPT)
定语从句
定语从句的基本原理
01
1. 定语从句是名词的后置定语
We need a teacher who doesn’t make us fall asleep in class.
We are living in an age when unnecessary things are our only necessities.
我们生活在一个不需品成为必需品的时代。
我们需要一个不会让我们上课睡着的老师。
The professor whose course I am taking is excellent.
教我课的那位教授很优秀。
2. 定语从句是由两个简单句合并而成的
We need a teacher who doesn’t make us fall asleep in class.
We are living in an age when unnecessary things are our only necessities.
The professor whose course I am taking is excellent.
We need a teacher.
He/She doesn’t make us fall asleep in class.
We are living in an age.
In this age, unnecessary things are our only necessities.
The professor is excellent.
I am taking his course.
主、从句各一句
两句互有指代关系
3. 定语从句的两个重要概念：先行词与关系词
We need a teacher who doesn’t make us fall asleep in class.
We are living in an age when unnecessary things are our only necessities.
The professor whose course I am taking is excellent.
1）先行词：
被定语从句所修饰的对象称为先行词。通常为名词、代词或整个主句。
2）关系词：
引导定语从句的连词。
3）关系词代替先行词在从句中充当成分。
3. 定语从句的两个重要概念：先行词与关系词
4）关系词的分类：
关系词 先行词 在从句中的成分
关系代词 who 人 主语或宾语
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语或宾语
that 人或物 主语、宾语或表语
关系限定词 whose 人或物 定语
关系副词 when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why 原因 原因状语
限制性与非限制性定语从句
02
1. 结构区别
分类 逗号 例句 从句与先行词关系
限制性 无 We need a teacher who doesn’t make us fall asleep in class. 修饰
The professor whose course I am taking is excellent.
非限制性 有 My brother Jim, who lives in London, is a doctor. 补充说明
They live in a village in Beijing, which is the capital of China.
2. 使用非限的情况
1）专有名词作先行词：
专有名词是独一无二的，本身意思已经很完整，不需要限制或修饰，所以定语从句只是对它进行补充说明。
Beijing, which is the capital of China, has developed into an international city.
Einstein, who was a great Jewish scientist, created the theory of relativity.
2. 使用非限的情况
2）含有专有意义的普通名词作先行词：
My mother, who is 50 years old this year, lives with me now.
I have fond memories of my hometown, which is situated in a vally.
Last night John told me about his new job, which he’s enjoying very much.
2. 使用非限的情况
3）数量关系或所属关系的定语从句：
In my class there are 20 students, most of whom are from Asia.
We toured a 300-year-old house, the exterior of which consisted of logs cemented with clay.
数量关系的定语从句的基本结构：先行词（往往含有数量修饰），+数量词+of which/whom
所属关系的定语从句的基本结构：先行词，+名词+of which
Through the course of my schooling, I met many teacher, two of whom influenced me greatly.
The man pulled out a gold watch, the hands of which were made of small diamonds.
2. 使用非限的情况
4）主句作先行词：
He runs a mile each morning, which would bore me.
Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, which made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.
Mary married my brother and I married her sister, which makes Mary and me double in-laws.
关系词的一些设定
03
1. 关系代词的省略
当关系代词代替先行词在从句中作宾语时，关系代词可省。
I’d really like to find a friend who/whom/that/X I can trust completely.
The man who/whom/that/X I was telling you about is sitting over.
但非限制性定从的关系词不能省略。
2. 非限制性定从的关系词
非限制性定从的关系词不能省略，也不能用that
Lori is going to marry Mark, whom/who she does not love.
My house, which I bought two years ago, has got a lovely garden.
3. 定语从句中的介词前置
当关系词代替先行词在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词跟从句中动词关系并不密切时，该介词可以前置于关系词前，此时关系词不能省，也不能用who和that：
This is the hotel which/that/X you will stay in.
The man who/whom/that/X I was telling you about is sitting over.
→The man about whom I was telling you is sitting over.
→This is the hotel in which you will stay .
3. 定语从句中的介词前置
介词+关系代词（which/whom）
介词+whose+名词
I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this far.
4. 限制性定语从句只用that不用which的情况
He talked about the schools and teachers that he had visited.
1）先行词既有人又有物：
2）先行词为all, much, few, little, none, something, everything, nothing, anything等不定代词时：
We haven’t got much that we can offer you.
3）先行词有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时：
Polly is the most direct young woman that I have ever come across.
4. 限制性定语从句只用that不用which的情况
This is the very room that I slept in that evening.
4）先行词有the very, the only, any, few, little, no, all等词修饰时：
5）主句已有疑问词which或who时：
Which of the cars that are in front of the hotel belong to you
关系词后带有插入语
04
1. 插入主谓结构
Many students face problems when they have to study a subject that they think is difficult.
I’ve discovered I possess a large number of different talents and skills that I never would have thought were within me had it not been for my being open to trying new opportunities.
很多学生如果必须学一门他们认为很难的课程时，就会遇到很多问题。
我发现我身上拥有大量的各种才华和技能，若不是我一直勇于尝试各种机会，我怎么也不会想到我拥有这些。
1. 插入主谓结构
The millionaire had a very ugly daughter who I could never have dreamed many boys fell in love with.
这个百万富翁有一个非常难看的女儿，我怎么也想不到，竟然有那么多男孩子在追求她。
总结：
1）当关系词后插入一个主谓结构，改结构中的谓语一般是表观点的动词：think, say, believe等。
2）此时关系词即使是做主语，也可省。
2. 插入状语从句和其它短语类的结构
Politicians should move slowly when it comes to complex moral issues, which, whatever your views are, this certainly is.
在涉及复杂的道德议题时，不论你怎么看，政客们都应该谨慎行事。
Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, which, of course, made all the others upset.
玛丽对杰克比起对任何人都要好得多，这自然会使其他人不高兴。
Thanks……
定语从句
定语从句的基本原理
01
1. 定语从句是名词的后置定语
We need a teacher who doesn’t make us fall asleep in class.
We are living in an age when unnecessary things are our only necessities.
我们生活在一个不需品成为必需品的时代。
我们需要一个不会让我们上课睡着的老师。
The professor whose course I am taking is excellent.
教我课的那位教授很优秀。
2. 定语从句是由两个简单句合并而成的
We need a teacher who doesn’t make us fall asleep in class.
We are living in an age when unnecessary things are our only necessities.
The professor whose course I am taking is excellent.
We need a teacher.
He/She doesn’t make us fall asleep in class.
We are living in an age.
In this age, unnecessary things are our only necessities.
The professor is excellent.
I am taking his course.
主、从句各一句
两句互有指代关系
3. 定语从句的两个重要概念：先行词与关系词
We need a teacher who doesn’t make us fall asleep in class.
We are living in an age when unnecessary things are our only necessities.
The professor whose course I am taking is excellent.
1）先行词：
被定语从句所修饰的对象称为先行词。通常为名词、代词或整个主句。
2）关系词：
引导定语从句的连词。
3）关系词代替先行词在从句中充当成分。
3. 定语从句的两个重要概念：先行词与关系词
4）关系词的分类：
关系词 先行词 在从句中的成分
关系代词 who 人 主语或宾语
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语或宾语
that 人或物 主语、宾语或表语
关系限定词 whose 人或物 定语
关系副词 when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why 原因 原因状语
限制性与非限制性定语从句
02
1. 结构区别
分类 逗号 例句 从句与先行词关系
限制性 无 We need a teacher who doesn’t make us fall asleep in class. 修饰
The professor whose course I am taking is excellent.
非限制性 有 My brother Jim, who lives in London, is a doctor. 补充说明
They live in a village in Beijing, which is the capital of China.
2. 使用非限的情况
1）专有名词作先行词：
专有名词是独一无二的，本身意思已经很完整，不需要限制或修饰，所以定语从句只是对它进行补充说明。
Beijing, which is the capital of China, has developed into an international city.
Einstein, who was a great Jewish scientist, created the theory of relativity.
2. 使用非限的情况
2）含有专有意义的普通名词作先行词：
My mother, who is 50 years old this year, lives with me now.
I have fond memories of my hometown, which is situated in a vally.
Last night John told me about his new job, which he’s enjoying very much.
2. 使用非限的情况
3）数量关系或所属关系的定语从句：
In my class there are 20 students, most of whom are from Asia.
We toured a 300-year-old house, the exterior of which consisted of logs cemented with clay.
数量关系的定语从句的基本结构：先行词（往往含有数量修饰），+数量词+of which/whom
所属关系的定语从句的基本结构：先行词，+名词+of which
Through the course of my schooling, I met many teacher, two of whom influenced me greatly.
The man pulled out a gold watch, the hands of which were made of small diamonds.
2. 使用非限的情况
4）主句作先行词：
He runs a mile each morning, which would bore me.
Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, which made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.
Mary married my brother and I married her sister, which makes Mary and me double in-laws.
关系词的一些设定
03
1. 关系代词的省略
当关系代词代替先行词在从句中作宾语时，关系代词可省。
I’d really like to find a friend who/whom/that/X I can trust completely.
The man who/whom/that/X I was telling you about is sitting over.
但非限制性定从的关系词不能省略。
2. 非限制性定从的关系词
非限制性定从的关系词不能省略，也不能用that
Lori is going to marry Mark, whom/who she does not love.
My house, which I bought two years ago, has got a lovely garden.
3. 定语从句中的介词前置
当关系词代替先行词在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词跟从句中动词关系并不密切时，该介词可以前置于关系词前，此时关系词不能省，也不能用who和that：
This is the hotel which/that/X you will stay in.
The man who/whom/that/X I was telling you about is sitting over.
→The man about whom I was telling you is sitting over.
→This is the hotel in which you will stay .
3. 定语从句中的介词前置
介词+关系代词（which/whom）
介词+whose+名词
I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this far.
4. 限制性定语从句只用that不用which的情况
He talked about the schools and teachers that he had visited.
1）先行词既有人又有物：
2）先行词为all, much, few, little, none, something, everything, nothing, anything等不定代词时：
We haven’t got much that we can offer you.
3）先行词有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时：
Polly is the most direct young woman that I have ever come across.
4. 限制性定语从句只用that不用which的情况
This is the very room that I slept in that evening.
4）先行词有the very, the only, any, few, little, no, all等词修饰时：
5）主句已有疑问词which或who时：
Which of the cars that are in front of the hotel belong to you
关系词后带有插入语
04
1. 插入主谓结构
Many students face problems when they have to study a subject that they think is difficult.
I’ve discovered I possess a large number of different talents and skills that I never would have thought were within me had it not been for my being open to trying new opportunities.
很多学生如果必须学一门他们认为很难的课程时，就会遇到很多问题。
我发现我身上拥有大量的各种才华和技能，若不是我一直勇于尝试各种机会，我怎么也不会想到我拥有这些。
1. 插入主谓结构
The millionaire had a very ugly daughter who I could never have dreamed many boys fell in love with.
这个百万富翁有一个非常难看的女儿，我怎么也想不到，竟然有那么多男孩子在追求她。
总结：
1）当关系词后插入一个主谓结构，改结构中的谓语一般是表观点的动词：think, say, believe等。
2）此时关系词即使是做主语，也可省。
2. 插入状语从句和其它短语类的结构
Politicians should move slowly when it comes to complex moral issues, which, whatever your views are, this certainly is.
在涉及复杂的道德议题时，不论你怎么看，政客们都应该谨慎行事。
Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, which, of course, made all the others upset.
玛丽对杰克比起对任何人都要好得多，这自然会使其他人不高兴。
Thanks……