Unit 8 New ldeas and lnventions 例题解析
句型剖析
1．Then it burst into flames, burning down their hut.
burst into突然产生。
【案例】After a few seconds' silence, he ______ laughter.
A. gave off B. set out
C. burst into D. send out
解析：give off“放出，发出”；set out“开始，动身”；burst into“突然发生”；send out“发出，分发”。根据句意，答案为C。
点评：注意常用短语的记忆。
2．One hundred years later, a man named Berthold Shwards looked into this black powder.
look into往……里看；研究。
【案例】The police are ______ the murder.
A. looking up B. looking through
C. looking at D. looking into
解析：look up“抬头看”“查阅”；look through“浏览”；look at“看一看”；look into“调查”“研究”。根据句意，答案为D。
点评：注意常用短语的记忆。
3．Bacon didn't get credit for making the black power.
get credit for得到……认可/承认。
【案例】He didn't get ______ for doing the good deed.
A. honour B. credit C. praise D. fame
解析：honour“荣誉”；credit“信誉”“认可”；praise“表扬”；fame“名声”。根据句意“人们都不承认是他做的好事”，答案为B。
点评：注意英语中的短语、搭配。
4．Did you come up with a good idea?
come up with发现（解决办法，答案）。
【案例】He suddenly ______ a good way of solving the problem.
A. come out B. come up C. come up with D. come to
解析：come out“出现”“显现”；come up“发生”“长出”；come up with发现（解决办法）；come to“来到”“苏醒”。根据句意，答案为C。
点评：注意常用短语的记忆。
5．Athletes on the baseball and football teams were sitting around getting bored and out of shape.
on的意思是“是……的成员”。
【案例】He is now______ China Daily.
A. for B. at C. in D. on
解析：根据句意“他现在在中国日报工作”，答案为D。
点评：注意常用词的特殊用法。
语法巡礼
I met a new friend named Jack.
我遇到了一位叫杰克的新朋友。
The boy got lost.
那个男孩迷路了。
动词的过去分词除了构成完成时和被动语态外，还在句子中起定语、表语、状语、宾语补足语的作用。本单元主要讲定语、表语。过去分词作定语、表语表示动词与被修饰词之间是被动关系或被修饰词处于某种状态。上述例子中named作定语，表被动；而lost表示主语所处的状态。
注意现在分词与过去分词的区别：
（1）现在分词与被修饰词之间是主动关系，而过去分词是被动关系。
the living things 生物
a book written by LuXun 鲁迅写的一本书
（2）现在分词表示一个动作正在进行，而过去分词表示动作已经发生。
a developing country 发展中国家
a developed country 发达国家
（3）现在分词说明被修饰词的特点、性质而过去分词表示被修饰词处于某种状态、心理。
I was surprised at the surprising news.
听到那个惊人的消息，我感到非常吃惊。
【案例】—Don't play with them, my son. They are dangerous.
—But they are______. I like these people.
A. excited B. exciting C. disappointed D. disappoints
解析：D答案词性不对，很容易排除。根据句子“I like these people”（我喜欢这些人）可以推断前面句子的意思是“他们是令人兴奋的”，而不可能是“他们兴奋”或“他们失望”，所以答案为B。
点评：注意现在分词与过去分词的区别。
Unit 8 New ldeas and lnventions 例题解析
句型剖析
1．Then it burst into flames, burning down their hut.
burst into突然产生。
【案例】After a few seconds' silence, he ______ laughter.
A. gave off B. set out
C. burst into D. send out
解析：give off“放出，发出”；set out“开始，动身”；burst into“突然发生”；send out“发出，分发”。根据句意，答案为C。
点评：注意常用短语的记忆。
2．One hundred years later, a man named Berthold Shwards looked into this black powder.
look into往……里看；研究。
【案例】The police are ______ the murder.
A. looking up B. looking through
C. looking at D. looking into
解析：look up“抬头看”“查阅”；look through“浏览”；look at“看一看”；look into“调查”“研究”。根据句意，答案为D。
点评：注意常用短语的记忆。
3．Bacon didn't get credit for making the black power.
get credit for得到……认可/承认。
【案例】He didn't get ______ for doing the good deed.
A. honour B. credit C. praise D. fame
解析：honour“荣誉”；credit“信誉”“认可”；praise“表扬”；fame“名声”。根据句意“人们都不承认是他做的好事”，答案为B。
点评：注意英语中的短语、搭配。
4．Did you come up with a good idea?
come up with发现（解决办法，答案）。
【案例】He suddenly ______ a good way of solving the problem.
A. come out B. come up C. come up with D. come to
解析：come out“出现”“显现”；come up“发生”“长出”；come up with发现（解决办法）；come to“来到”“苏醒”。根据句意，答案为C。
点评：注意常用短语的记忆。
5．Athletes on the baseball and football teams were sitting around getting bored and out of shape.
on的意思是“是……的成员”。
【案例】He is now______ China Daily.
A. for B. at C. in D. on
解析：根据句意“他现在在中国日报工作”，答案为D。
点评：注意常用词的特殊用法。
语法巡礼
I met a new friend named Jack.
我遇到了一位叫杰克的新朋友。
The boy got lost.
那个男孩迷路了。
动词的过去分词除了构成完成时和被动语态外，还在句子中起定语、表语、状语、宾语补足语的作用。本单元主要讲定语、表语。过去分词作定语、表语表示动词与被修饰词之间是被动关系或被修饰词处于某种状态。上述例子中named作定语，表被动；而lost表示主语所处的状态。
注意现在分词与过去分词的区别：
（1）现在分词与被修饰词之间是主动关系，而过去分词是被动关系。
the living things 生物
a book written by LuXun 鲁迅写的一本书
（2）现在分词表示一个动作正在进行，而过去分词表示动作已经发生。
a developing country 发展中国家
a developed country 发达国家
（3）现在分词说明被修饰词的特点、性质而过去分词表示被修饰词处于某种状态、心理。
I was surprised at the surprising news.
听到那个惊人的消息，我感到非常吃惊。
【案例】—Don't play with them, my son. They are dangerous.
—But they are______. I like these people.
A. excited B. exciting C. disappointed D. disappoints
解析：D答案词性不对，很容易排除。根据句子“I like these people”（我喜欢这些人）可以推断前面句子的意思是“他们是令人兴奋的”，而不可能是“他们兴奋”或“他们失望”，所以答案为B。
点评：注意现在分词与过去分词的区别。
Unit 8 New ldeas and lnventions 知识总结
突破思路
本单元是关于发明创造的话题。学新课之前可让学生尽可能多地搜集有关中外发明家及他们的发明创造的资料，特别是中国的四大发明，增强学生的民族自豪感，并为学习课文作好准备。本单元科普性文章较多，理解较困难，需提醒学生注意。本单元的重点、难点是过去分词的用法。对于重点的生词、短语要求学生结合课文中的例句进行记忆。对于课文，要求中下游的学生能就课文内容进行问答练习，熟读课文，并能背诵课文中的重点句子。而对于优等生，还可以要求他们能够用自己的话复述课文或对课文进行缩写。如果有可能，还可以让他们课下多找一些有关发明创造的文章进行阅读，扩大他们的阅读量。对于课文后听、说、写练习，按课后要求去做。动词的过去分词是重点又是难点。本单元主要讲过去分词作定语及表语。可通过实例对过去分词的这两种作用进行简单的分析、讲解，告诉学生它们的特点。对于过去分词及现在分词作定语的区别，可让学生从时态（即现在分词一般表示动作正在进行，而过去分词则表示完成）及语态（即现在分词表主动而过去分词一般表被动）两方面去掌握。而对于现在分词及过去分词作表语的区别则从它们的性质上进行区别（即现在分词用来说明主语的性质、特点而过去分词则表示主语处于某种状态或心理）。这部分练习，对于下游学生，可要求他们完成课后练习即可，而对于中上游学生，则可以补充一些课外练习进行巩固。
词汇解读
1．invention n. invent vt. 发明
【案例】When was the steam engine______?
A. discovered
B. invented
C. found
D. noticed
解析：discover指发现了客观上存在而前人未发现的东西；invent“发明”，是指以前从未有过；find无意中发现某人、某物或某种情况；notic指“留意到”“注意到”；所以答案选B。
点评：注意同义词之间的区别。
2．remains n. 剩余物；remain vi. 剩余
【案例】Only a little of the building __________ after the earthquake.
A. stayed
B. remained
C. left
D. went away
解析：stay“停留”“保持”；remain“剩余”“仍然”；leave“离开”“剩余”，为及物动词，go away“走开”。根据句意此题答案为B。
点评：注意同义词之间的细微差别。
3．pleasant adj. 使人愉快的
【案例】He is ______ to talk to.
A. pleasing
B. pleased
C. pleasant
D. pleasure
解析：pleasing“令人高兴的”；pleased表示人“高兴”“满意”；pleasant“使人愉快的”；pleasure名词，“快乐”“高兴”。根据句意，答案为C。
点评：注意同义词之间的不同含义。
4．pattern n. 样品；式样；典范
【案例】She has a ______ of all the virtues.
A. form B. example C. pattern D. shape
解析：form形状，形式；example例子；pattern式样，典范；shape形状。本句的意思是“她是一切美德的典范”，所以答案为C。
点评：注意记忆常用词的意思。
5．pour vt. & vi. 倒，灌，注
【案例】______ yourself a cup of coffee.
A. Give B. Pour C. Drink D. Offer
解析：本句的意思很清楚，“给自己倒一杯咖啡”，所以答案为B。
点评：注意常用词的记忆。
相关链接__Maglev trains
高速磁悬浮列车是20世纪的一项技术发明，其原理并不深奥。它是运用磁铁“同性相斥，异性相吸”的性质，使磁铁具有抗拒地心引力的能力，即“磁性悬浮”。科学家将“磁性悬浮”这种原理运用到铁路运输系统上，使列车完全脱离轨道而悬浮行驶，成为“无轮”列车，时速可达几百千米以上。
Q: What does maglev mean?
A: Maglev is short for magnetic levitation（漂浮）, which means that these trains will float over a guideway（导轨）using the basic principles of magnets to replace the old steel wheels and track trains.
Q：What is guideway and how does it work?
A：The magnetized coil（电线圈）running along the track, called a guideway, repels the large magnets on the train's undercarriage（车盘）, allowing the train to levitate（漂浮）between 0.39 and 3.93 inches（1 to 10 cm）above the guideway. Once the train is levitated, power is supplied to the coils with in the guideway wall to create a unique system of magnetic fields that pull and push the train along the guideway. The electric current supplied to the coils in the guideway walls is constantly alternating to change the polarity（极性）of the magnetized coils. This change in polarity causes the magnetic field（磁场）in front of the train to pull the vehicle forward, while the magnetic field behind the train adds more forward thrust（推力）.
Q: How many components are there in a maylevtrain railsystem?
A：The maynetic field created in this wire-and-battery experiment is the simple idea behind a maglev train rail system. There are three components in this system: A large electrical power source, metal coil lining a guideway or track, and large guidance magnets attached to the underside of the train.
Q: What is the difference between a maglev train and a conventional（常规的，传统的）train?
A: The big difference between a maglev train and a conventional train is that maglev trains do not have an engine; at least not the kind of engine used to pull typical train cars along steel tracks. The engine for maglev is rather inconspicuous（不显眼，不引人注意的）. Instead of using fossil fuels（矿物燃料）,the magnetic field created by the electrified coils in the guidway walls and the track combine to propel（推进）the train.
Q: How fast can maglev trains travel?
A: Maglev trains float on a cushion of air（气垫）,eliminating friction（摩擦）. This lack of friction and the trains' aerodynamic（空气动力学的）design allow these trains to reach an unprecedented（空前的）ground transportation speed of more than 500 kph. In comparison, a Boeing-777 commercial airplane used for long-range flight can reach a top speed of about 789 kph. Once manufactures can prove that maglev trains can transport passengers safely at such high speeds, maglev trains could become an ideal alternative to airplanes. Developers say that they will likely link cities that are up to 1609km apart. At 500 kph, you could travel from Paris to Rome in just over two hours.
Unit 8 New ldeas and lnventions 知识总结
突破思路
本单元是关于发明创造的话题。学新课之前可让学生尽可能多地搜集有关中外发明家及他们的发明创造的资料，特别是中国的四大发明，增强学生的民族自豪感，并为学习课文作好准备。本单元科普性文章较多，理解较困难，需提醒学生注意。本单元的重点、难点是过去分词的用法。对于重点的生词、短语要求学生结合课文中的例句进行记忆。对于课文，要求中下游的学生能就课文内容进行问答练习，熟读课文，并能背诵课文中的重点句子。而对于优等生，还可以要求他们能够用自己的话复述课文或对课文进行缩写。如果有可能，还可以让他们课下多找一些有关发明创造的文章进行阅读，扩大他们的阅读量。对于课文后听、说、写练习，按课后要求去做。动词的过去分词是重点又是难点。本单元主要讲过去分词作定语及表语。可通过实例对过去分词的这两种作用进行简单的分析、讲解，告诉学生它们的特点。对于过去分词及现在分词作定语的区别，可让学生从时态（即现在分词一般表示动作正在进行，而过去分词则表示完成）及语态（即现在分词表主动而过去分词一般表被动）两方面去掌握。而对于现在分词及过去分词作表语的区别则从它们的性质上进行区别（即现在分词用来说明主语的性质、特点而过去分词则表示主语处于某种状态或心理）。这部分练习，对于下游学生，可要求他们完成课后练习即可，而对于中上游学生，则可以补充一些课外练习进行巩固。
词汇解读
1．invention n. invent vt. 发明
【案例】When was the steam engine______?
A. discovered
B. invented
C. found
D. noticed
解析：discover指发现了客观上存在而前人未发现的东西；invent“发明”，是指以前从未有过；find无意中发现某人、某物或某种情况；notic指“留意到”“注意到”；所以答案选B。
点评：注意同义词之间的区别。
2．remains n. 剩余物；remain vi. 剩余
【案例】Only a little of the building __________ after the earthquake.
A. stayed
B. remained
C. left
D. went away
解析：stay“停留”“保持”；remain“剩余”“仍然”；leave“离开”“剩余”，为及物动词，go away“走开”。根据句意此题答案为B。
点评：注意同义词之间的细微差别。
3．pleasant adj. 使人愉快的
【案例】He is ______ to talk to.
A. pleasing
B. pleased
C. pleasant
D. pleasure
解析：pleasing“令人高兴的”；pleased表示人“高兴”“满意”；pleasant“使人愉快的”；pleasure名词，“快乐”“高兴”。根据句意，答案为C。
点评：注意同义词之间的不同含义。
4．pattern n. 样品；式样；典范
【案例】She has a ______ of all the virtues.
A. form B. example C. pattern D. shape
解析：form形状，形式；example例子；pattern式样，典范；shape形状。本句的意思是“她是一切美德的典范”，所以答案为C。
点评：注意记忆常用词的意思。
5．pour vt. & vi. 倒，灌，注
【案例】______ yourself a cup of coffee.
A. Give B. Pour C. Drink D. Offer
解析：本句的意思很清楚，“给自己倒一杯咖啡”，所以答案为B。
点评：注意常用词的记忆。
相关链接__Maglev trains
高速磁悬浮列车是20世纪的一项技术发明，其原理并不深奥。它是运用磁铁“同性相斥，异性相吸”的性质，使磁铁具有抗拒地心引力的能力，即“磁性悬浮”。科学家将“磁性悬浮”这种原理运用到铁路运输系统上，使列车完全脱离轨道而悬浮行驶，成为“无轮”列车，时速可达几百千米以上。
Q: What does maglev mean?
A: Maglev is short for magnetic levitation（漂浮）, which means that these trains will float over a guideway（导轨）using the basic principles of magnets to replace the old steel wheels and track trains.
Q：What is guideway and how does it work?
A：The magnetized coil（电线圈）running along the track, called a guideway, repels the large magnets on the train's undercarriage（车盘）, allowing the train to levitate（漂浮）between 0.39 and 3.93 inches（1 to 10 cm）above the guideway. Once the train is levitated, power is supplied to the coils with in the guideway wall to create a unique system of magnetic fields that pull and push the train along the guideway. The electric current supplied to the coils in the guideway walls is constantly alternating to change the polarity（极性）of the magnetized coils. This change in polarity causes the magnetic field（磁场）in front of the train to pull the vehicle forward, while the magnetic field behind the train adds more forward thrust（推力）.
Q: How many components are there in a maylevtrain railsystem?
A：The maynetic field created in this wire-and-battery experiment is the simple idea behind a maglev train rail system. There are three components in this system: A large electrical power source, metal coil lining a guideway or track, and large guidance magnets attached to the underside of the train.
Q: What is the difference between a maglev train and a conventional（常规的，传统的）train?
A: The big difference between a maglev train and a conventional train is that maglev trains do not have an engine; at least not the kind of engine used to pull typical train cars along steel tracks. The engine for maglev is rather inconspicuous（不显眼，不引人注意的）. Instead of using fossil fuels（矿物燃料）,the magnetic field created by the electrified coils in the guidway walls and the track combine to propel（推进）the train.
Q: How fast can maglev trains travel?
A: Maglev trains float on a cushion of air（气垫）,eliminating friction（摩擦）. This lack of friction and the trains' aerodynamic（空气动力学的）design allow these trains to reach an unprecedented（空前的）ground transportation speed of more than 500 kph. In comparison, a Boeing-777 commercial airplane used for long-range flight can reach a top speed of about 789 kph. Once manufactures can prove that maglev trains can transport passengers safely at such high speeds, maglev trains could become an ideal alternative to airplanes. Developers say that they will likely link cities that are up to 1609km apart. At 500 kph, you could travel from Paris to Rome in just over two hours.
