2024人教版高中英语必修第三册同步练习题--UNIT 4 Part 1 Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking（答案与解析）
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2024人教版高中英语必修第三册同步
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
Part 1 Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.This spacecraft is able to accommodate three (宇航员).
2.The (人造卫星) are used for sending and receiving messages.
3.The (程序)appealed to the staff a lot when it was introduced in January.(2021天津3月)
4.Approaching the (车辆), we saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.
5.The earth is nothing but a very small planet in the endless (/ ju n v s/).
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.A child's (intelligent) develops rapidly between the ages of zero and three.
2.As we have learned in the history class, the country gained (independent) after a long struggle.
3.During almost a year of recovery, Mr. Wang turned to music to help himself heal both physically and (mental).
4.The chairman (signal) the staff to leave the meeting room from this exit just now.
5.After failing the examination, he naturally felt (disappoint) and frustrated, but he didn't lose heart. He determined (work) hard and catch up with others.
6.Our teacher says we all have the ability (solve) problems as long as we have faith in ourselves.
7.Looking back on my high school time, I admit it is very tiring, but the busy days really make me happy and (satisfy).
Ⅲ.选词填空
on board; carry on; in the hope of
Lily had some difficulties in her life. Her mother suggested that she should travel to someplace to relax herself. Therefore, Lily decided to take a train to Kunming 1. finding answers. The people 2. were very friendly. Lily met a wise old man. He told her that when she had difficulties in her life, she should remember to keep calm and 3. trying, and she would succeed in the end.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.为了提高社区服务水平,一些社区已开展志愿者项目。(launch)
the level of community service, some communities volunteer programs.
2.她的话给我留下了深刻的印象,我决心帮助这个家庭摆脱困境。(determined)
Deeply impressed by her words, I the family out of trouble.
3.我渴望成为下周一举行的会议的志愿者。(一句多译)
①I a volunteer for the meeting to be held next Monday. (desire v.)
②I a volunteer for the meeting to be held next Monday. (desire n.)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
When looking up at the stars, people have always wondered about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt travelling into space was 1 impossible dream. However, with the help of scientists, people succeeded in 2 (realize) their dream to explore space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite 3 (launch) by the USSR. While scientists try to make sure nothing 4 (go) wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters brought much sadness and 5 (disappoint), 6 people still believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration. Although China's space programme started later 7 those of Russia and the US, it has made great progress in a short time. China became the third country to 8 (independent) send humans into space in 2003, 9 Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope to make more discoveries that will enable us 10 (survive) well into the future.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2023河北保定六校期中)
Over the past few years, China's aerospace industry has witnessed many landmark events. Apart from celebrating these scientific achievements, the public has also developed a growing interest in the missions' unique names, many of which are derived from China's myths and legends.
China's spacecraft are called Shenzhou. This literally means “heavenly ship” in Chinese, and is also a homonym(同音异义词) for the Chinese words “divine land”, which is a term used in literary works to refer to the country. China's moon exploration project and its lunar probe(月球探测器)are both named after a Chinese goddess of the moon, Chang'e. In 2013, the Chang'e-3 lunar probe landed on the moon and was carried around by a lunar rover(月球车)called Yutu. The two names perfectly match the legend of the moon fairy and her pet. In another example, the relay satellite for the Chang'e-4 moon exploration mission is called Queqiao, or “magpie bridge”. The magpie bridge, in a Chinese folk tale, was formed by millions of magpies, so that a separated couple could meet each other despite the Milky Way. Likewise, the Queqiao relay satellite serves as a “space-bridge”for communication between the moon and the earth.
Chinese people's eagerness for the universe dates back to ancient times, some even trying to explore. Others created many myths and legends, such as “Kuafu Chases the Sun”, to explain phenomena that they could not explain. These traditional stories have become the source of inspiration for Chinese scientists in the naming of major space missions.
The famous spacecraft and rovers built by the United States include the Challenger, the Opportunity and the Spirit, whose names reflect a positive and enterprising spirit. This is quite unlike how the Chinese name their spacecraft, which reflects the Chinese people's sense of romance and awe for space as well as their efforts to pass down traditional culture and their ancestors' spirit of scientific discovery. Nevertheless, all these names, Chinese or foreign, showcase the dreams of humankind and our collective pursuit of discovering the secrets of space.
When Apollo 11 prepared to land on the moon, the control center on earth told the astronauts on board to “watch for a lovely girl with a big rabbit”, which refers to Chang'e and her rabbit Yutu. With the rapid progress of China's aerospace industry, more and more Chinese stories embodying Chinese romanticism will be shown to the world.
1.How is Paragraph 2 developed
A.By making comparisons. B.By describing processes. C.By giving examples. D.By analyzing causes.
2.Why was the relay satellite named “Queqiao”
A.Because this name can draw public attention.
B.Because this name comes from a Chinese folk tale.
C.Because this name reflects Chinese romanticism.
D.Because this name indicates the function of the relay satellite.
3.What can we infer from the last three paragraphs
A.The ancient Chinese explored space to create myths and legends.
B.Some space missions' names originated from traditional Chinese stories.
C.China and the US name their spacecraft differently because of different kinds of pursuit.
D.China's aerospace industry has changed the world.
4.Which is the best title for the text
A.Space Missions' Names.
B.How to Name Space Missions
C.Space Missions' Names Embody Chinese Romanticism.
D.Chinese Myths and Legends.
B
(2022山东济宁开学考试)
Astronaut Scott Kelly has been living on the International Space Station(ISS)since March 28, 2015. And just like any other home, the ISS requires some housekeeping, in the form of regular work and repairs.
That is why Kelly and his partner Kjell Lindgren performed activities outside the station on Wednesday. The operation began at 8:03 am and lasted for more than seven hours. It was the first spacewalk for both men.
The ISS has been in continual use for 15 years, and has hosted over 200 people, including astronauts and private tourists. During their activities, Kelly and Lindgren did basic electrical work, such as attaching new wires that will provide power for docking ports(对接口)on the station. The docking ports will be used when other people arrive at the ISS. Also, the two astronauts fixed a thermal(防寒的) cover on a key scientific instrument on the station to protect it from the freezing temperatures of space.
As the more senior astronaut, Kelly led the spacewalk. However, Lindgren dealt with some of the more challenging parts of the job as he has longer arms than Kelly.
During a spacewalk, the simplest work becomes a difficult task. Kelly and Lindgren spent months training and practicing for the operation. The preparation began in NASA's Neutral Buoyancy Lab(NBL). Here astronauts are made to work in an environment similar to the one outside the space station.
Even getting the space suits ready can take days. While each suit is built to fit the astronaut perfectly who will wear it, adjustments(调整) need to be made right up to the time when the spacewalk begins. The adjustments address any change in the astronauts' bodies that has occurred as a result of being in a gravity-free environment.
5.Why did Kelly and Lindgren take the spacewalk
A.To clean up the ISS.
B.To keep the ISS in good condition.
C.To test their new space suits.
D.To carry out a scientific experiment.
6.What is the main idea of the third paragraph
A.How the ISS works properly.
B.Why the docking ports are useful.
C.How the astronauts performed the spacewalk.
D.What the two astronauts did in the spacewalk.
7.Why did Lindgren do more challenging work than Kelly during the spacewalk
A.He knew more about the station.
B.He was the leader of the team.
C.He has a longer reach.
D.He had more experience of the spacewalk.
8.What does the underlined word “address” in the last paragraph mean
A.Result in. B.Belong to. C.Interact with. D.Deal with.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2023山西太原晋源区月考)
Liu Yang is a Chinese pilot and astronaut. She graduated 1 Air Force Aviation College of Changchun. After two years of astronaut training, Liu 2 (be) excellent in testing. Liu was selected for the crew(乘组) of Shenzhou-9, the first manned mission to the Chinese space station Tiangong-1. Liu became the first Chinese woman astronaut 3 (go) into space. The mission was launched on June 16, 2012. During this manned space mission, Liu did some 4 (experiment) in space.
Wang Yaping became a crew member of the Shenzhou-10 space mission in 2013. And more 5 (important), she was famous as China's first space teacher after giving 6 forty-minute live lesson to students from the place 7 (many) than 300 kilometres above the Earth's surface. Again Wang Yaping 8 (choose) to take part in the Shenzhou-13 crewed mission, with the spacecraft launched on Oct. 16, 2021. She became the first woman who entered the core module(核心舱) of China Space Station, 9 is called Tianhe. She drew global attention again during her second space mission. Many 10 (challenge) tasks have been completed by her: a spacewalk and the second class.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
Part 1 Listening and Speaking &
Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.astronauts 2.satellites 3.procedure 4.vehicle 5.universe
Ⅱ.1.intelligence 考查名词。句意:儿童的智力在零到三岁之间发展迅速。根据空前的A child’s可知此处需要用名词作主语,intelligence为不可数名词。故填intelligence。
2.independence 考查名词。句意:正如我们在历史课上学到的,这个国家经过长期斗争后获得了独立。设空处作动词gained的宾语,因此用名词。故填independence。
3.mentally 考查副词。句意:在将近一年的恢复过程中,王先生转向音乐来帮助自己在身体上和精神上痊愈。设空处与physically并列作状语。故填mentally。
4.signaled/signalled 考查动词的时态。句意:刚才主持人示意员工从这个出口离开会议室。分析句子成分可知,设空处作谓语,根据句中的时间状语just now可知应用一般过去时。故填signaled或signalled。
5.disappointed;to work 考查形容词和动词不定式。句意:考试不及格后,他自然感到失望和沮丧,但是他没有失去信心。他决心努力学习,赶上别人。第一空所填词与frustrated并列,都是表示主语的感受,因此应填disappointed;determine to do sth.意为“决心做某事”,故第二空填to work。
6.to solve 考查动词不定式。句意:我们的老师说只要我们对自己有信心,我们都有解决问题的能力。the ability to do sth.意为“做某事的能力”,动词不定式作后置定语,修饰ability。故填to solve。
7.satisfied 考查形容词。句意:回顾我的高中时光,我承认那很累,但忙碌的日子真的让我很快乐、很满足。此处是“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,设空处与and前面的happy为并列成分,宾语为me(指人),故填satisfied。
Ⅲ.1.in the hope of 2.on board 3.carry on
Ⅳ.1.To raise/improve;have launched 2.was determined to help 3.①desire to be ②have a desire to be
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.an 考查冠词。此处指大多数人认为太空旅行是一个不可能实现的梦想。dream为可数名词,此处表泛指,且impossible以元音音素开头,所以用不定冠词an。
2.realizing 考查动名词。succeed in doing sth.意为“成功做某事”。故填realizing。
3.was launched 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知,此处作谓语,由时间状语 On 4 October 1957可知应用一般过去时;the Sputnik 1 satellite与launch之间为被动关系,且主语为第三人称单数。故填was launched。
4.goes 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知,此处作宾语从句中的谓语,结合让步状语从句和主句的时态可知,此处应用一般现在时;宾语从句的主语为nothing,故填goes。
5.disappointment 考查名词。设空处和前面的sadness并列,都作brought的宾语,也应用名词。故填disappointment。
6.but 考查连词。分析句子结构可知,设空处前后都是完整的句子,且在意思上存在转折关系,所以应用表示转折的并列连词连接。故填but。
7.than 考查介词。根据设空处前面的比较级later可知,这里用介词than。
8.independently 考查副词。设空处修饰动词不定式to send,应用副词。故填independently。
9.when 考查定语从句。设空处无提示词且前面有逗号,结合语境可以推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词2003,关系词在从句中作时间状语。故填when。
10.to survive 考查动词不定式。enable sb. to do sth.意为“使某人能够做某事”。故填to survive。
Ⅱ. A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。中国许多航天任务独特的名字来自中国的神话与传说,体现了中国人的浪漫主义。
1.C 推理判断题。第二段列举了四个与中国神话相关的航天任务的名称,分别是神舟、嫦娥、玉兔和鹊桥,所以判断本段是用举例子的方式展开的。注意第二段中的关键信息“In another example”。故选C。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“在中国民间传说中,鹊桥是由数百万只喜鹊组成的,以便一对分开的夫妇即使隔着银河也能相见。同样,鹊桥中继卫星充当了月球和地球之间通信的‘太空桥梁’。”可知,中继卫星命名为“鹊桥”是因为这个名字暗示了中继卫星的功能。故选D。
3.B 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句“这些传统故事已经成为中国科学家命名重大太空任务的灵感来源。”和倒数第二段第二句“这与中国人如何命名他们的航天器迥然不同,中国人如何命名他们的航天器反映了中国人的浪漫感和对太空的敬畏,以及他们传承传统文化和祖先科学发现精神的努力。”以及最后一段最后一句“随着中国航空航天工业的飞速发展,将有越来越多体现中国人浪漫主义的中国故事被展示给世界。”可知,后三段都提到了中国航空航天任务的命名与中国的神话和传统相关,也就是说一些太空任务的名称来源于中国传统故事。故选B。
4.C 主旨大意题。根据首段最后一句“除了庆祝这些科学成就,公众也对这些任务的独特名字产生了越来越大的兴趣,其中许多名字来自中国的神话和传说。”和尾段最后一句“随着中国航空航天工业的飞速发展,将有越来越多体现中国人浪漫主义的中国故事被展示给世界。”以及全文中列举的中国航天任务的名字可知,本文主要讲述了中国航天任务的名字与中国的神话传说和浪漫的故事有关,所以C项“太空任务的名称体现中国人的浪漫主义”最适合作为本文标题。故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.witness v.见证 2.literally adv.按字面;字面上 3.refer to指的是 4.match v.相配;相同
5.date back to追溯到 6.inspiration n.灵感;鼓舞人心的人或事物 7.pass down使世代相传;流传 8.pursuit n.追求
【熟词生义】 land v.着陆;登陆
长难句
原句 This is quite unlike how the Chinese name their spacecraft, which reflects the Chinese people’s sense of romance and awe for space as well as their efforts to pass down traditional culture and their ancestors’ spirit of scientific discovery.
分析 本句为主从复合句。how...spacecraft是宾语从句,which引导非限制性定语从句。
译文 这与中国人如何命名他们的航天器迥然不同,中国人如何命名他们的航天器反映了中国人的浪漫感和对太空的敬畏,以及他们传承传统文化和祖先科学发现精神的努力。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了两位宇航员为了维持国际空间站的正常运转在太空工作和生活的场景。
5.B 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“And just like any other home, the ISS requires some housekeeping, in the form of regular work and repairs.”和第二段第一句“That is why Kelly and his partner Kjell Lindgren performed activities outside the station on Wednesday.”可知,Kelly和Lindgren进行太空行走是为了进行平常的工作和修理,以保持国际空间站的良好状态。故选B。
易错归因 本题易受housekeeping的影响误选A项,要注意这里的housekeeping是一种类比的手法,空间站的家务并不是真正的家务,而是平常的工作和修理,也可以根据第三段的描述得知。
6.D 主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“During their activities, Kelly and Lindgren did basic electrical work, such as...”和“Also, the two astronauts fixed a thermal cover on a key scientific instrument on the station...”可知,本段主要介绍了两位宇航员在太空行走时所做的事情。故选D。
7.C 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“However, Lindgren dealt with some of the more challenging parts of the job as he has longer arms than Kelly.”可知,Lindgren做更具有挑战性的工作是因为他的手臂更长。reach指的是“手臂展开的长度;臂展”。故选C。
8.D 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子的上一句可知,每一套宇航服都会在太空行走之前进行调整,画线词所在句句意为“这些调整 宇航员的身体由于在无重力环境中发生的任何变化”可知,宇航服的调整是为了应对宇航员的身体在无重力环境中发生的任何变化。所以推测“address”表示“应对;处理”,与“deal with”同义。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.in the form of 以……的形式
2.electrical adj.电的,与电有关的 3.instrument n.仪器
4.senior adj.(地位、水平或级别)较高的,高级的
5.challenging adj.具有挑战性的 6.as a result of 由于;作为……的结果
【熟词生义】 host v.招待(客人)
长难句
原句 While each suit is built to fit the astronaut perfectly who will wear it, adjustments need to be made right up to the time when the spacewalk begins.
分析 本句为主从复合句。While引导让步状语从句,意为“尽管”;who will wear it是who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词astronaut;when the spacewalk begins是when引导的定语从句,修饰先行词time。
译文 虽然每一套宇航服都是为将要穿它的宇航员量身定做的,但直到太空行走开始的时候还需要做些调整。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了中国女航天员刘洋和王亚平为中国航天事业所做出的贡献。
1.from 考查介词。graduate from意为“从……毕业”。故填from。
2.was 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:经过两年的航天员训练,刘洋在测试方面表现出色。这里描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,且句子主语是第三人称单数形式,故填was。
3.to go 考查动词不定式。句意:刘洋成为中国第一位进入太空的女航天员。“the+序数词+名词+to do sth.”意为“第几个做某事的……”,其中动词不定式作后置定语,修饰前面的名词。故填to go。
4.experiments 考查名词复数。experiment意为“实验”时为可数名词,此处指刘洋在太空中做了一些实验,应用复数形式。故填experiments。
5.importantly 考查副词。此处修饰整个句子,应用副词。故填importantly。
6.a 考查冠词。此处指“一堂四十分钟的现场直播课程”,表示泛指,且forty minute是以辅音音素开头的词。故填a。
7.more 考查比较级。此处指在距离地球表面三百多千米的地方。根据语境和than可知,此处应用more。
8.was chosen 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:王亚平再次被选中参加神舟十三号载人飞行任务,神舟十三号飞船于2021年10月16日发射。此处描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时;句子主语Wang Yaping和choose之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;并且句子主语为第三人称单数形式,谓语也用单数。故填was chosen。
9.which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:她成为第一个进入中国空间站天和核心舱的女性。设空处无提示词,且空前有逗号,设空处前面是名词短语the core module of China Space Station,“ is called Tianhe”中缺少主语,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词the core module of China Space Station指物。故填which。
10.challenging 考查形容词。此处指她完成了许多具有挑战性的任务。设空处修饰其后的复数名词tasks,应用形容词challenging。
【高频词汇】 1.mission n.任务 2.live adj.现场直播的
3.take part in参加 4.global adj.全球的
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2024人教版高中英语必修第三册同步
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
Part 1 Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.This spacecraft is able to accommodate three (宇航员).
2.The (人造卫星) are used for sending and receiving messages.
3.The (程序)appealed to the staff a lot when it was introduced in January.(2021天津3月)
4.Approaching the (车辆), we saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.
5.The earth is nothing but a very small planet in the endless (/ ju n v s/).
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.A child's (intelligent) develops rapidly between the ages of zero and three.
2.As we have learned in the history class, the country gained (independent) after a long struggle.
3.During almost a year of recovery, Mr. Wang turned to music to help himself heal both physically and (mental).
4.The chairman (signal) the staff to leave the meeting room from this exit just now.
5.After failing the examination, he naturally felt (disappoint) and frustrated, but he didn't lose heart. He determined (work) hard and catch up with others.
6.Our teacher says we all have the ability (solve) problems as long as we have faith in ourselves.
7.Looking back on my high school time, I admit it is very tiring, but the busy days really make me happy and (satisfy).
Ⅲ.选词填空
on board; carry on; in the hope of
Lily had some difficulties in her life. Her mother suggested that she should travel to someplace to relax herself. Therefore, Lily decided to take a train to Kunming 1. finding answers. The people 2. were very friendly. Lily met a wise old man. He told her that when she had difficulties in her life, she should remember to keep calm and 3. trying, and she would succeed in the end.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.为了提高社区服务水平,一些社区已开展志愿者项目。(launch)
the level of community service, some communities volunteer programs.
2.她的话给我留下了深刻的印象,我决心帮助这个家庭摆脱困境。(determined)
Deeply impressed by her words, I the family out of trouble.
3.我渴望成为下周一举行的会议的志愿者。(一句多译)
①I a volunteer for the meeting to be held next Monday. (desire v.)
②I a volunteer for the meeting to be held next Monday. (desire n.)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
When looking up at the stars, people have always wondered about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt travelling into space was 1 impossible dream. However, with the help of scientists, people succeeded in 2 (realize) their dream to explore space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite 3 (launch) by the USSR. While scientists try to make sure nothing 4 (go) wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters brought much sadness and 5 (disappoint), 6 people still believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration. Although China's space programme started later 7 those of Russia and the US, it has made great progress in a short time. China became the third country to 8 (independent) send humans into space in 2003, 9 Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope to make more discoveries that will enable us 10 (survive) well into the future.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2023河北保定六校期中)
Over the past few years, China's aerospace industry has witnessed many landmark events. Apart from celebrating these scientific achievements, the public has also developed a growing interest in the missions' unique names, many of which are derived from China's myths and legends.
China's spacecraft are called Shenzhou. This literally means “heavenly ship” in Chinese, and is also a homonym(同音异义词) for the Chinese words “divine land”, which is a term used in literary works to refer to the country. China's moon exploration project and its lunar probe(月球探测器)are both named after a Chinese goddess of the moon, Chang'e. In 2013, the Chang'e-3 lunar probe landed on the moon and was carried around by a lunar rover(月球车)called Yutu. The two names perfectly match the legend of the moon fairy and her pet. In another example, the relay satellite for the Chang'e-4 moon exploration mission is called Queqiao, or “magpie bridge”. The magpie bridge, in a Chinese folk tale, was formed by millions of magpies, so that a separated couple could meet each other despite the Milky Way. Likewise, the Queqiao relay satellite serves as a “space-bridge”for communication between the moon and the earth.
Chinese people's eagerness for the universe dates back to ancient times, some even trying to explore. Others created many myths and legends, such as “Kuafu Chases the Sun”, to explain phenomena that they could not explain. These traditional stories have become the source of inspiration for Chinese scientists in the naming of major space missions.
The famous spacecraft and rovers built by the United States include the Challenger, the Opportunity and the Spirit, whose names reflect a positive and enterprising spirit. This is quite unlike how the Chinese name their spacecraft, which reflects the Chinese people's sense of romance and awe for space as well as their efforts to pass down traditional culture and their ancestors' spirit of scientific discovery. Nevertheless, all these names, Chinese or foreign, showcase the dreams of humankind and our collective pursuit of discovering the secrets of space.
When Apollo 11 prepared to land on the moon, the control center on earth told the astronauts on board to “watch for a lovely girl with a big rabbit”, which refers to Chang'e and her rabbit Yutu. With the rapid progress of China's aerospace industry, more and more Chinese stories embodying Chinese romanticism will be shown to the world.
1.How is Paragraph 2 developed
A.By making comparisons. B.By describing processes. C.By giving examples. D.By analyzing causes.
2.Why was the relay satellite named “Queqiao”
A.Because this name can draw public attention.
B.Because this name comes from a Chinese folk tale.
C.Because this name reflects Chinese romanticism.
D.Because this name indicates the function of the relay satellite.
3.What can we infer from the last three paragraphs
A.The ancient Chinese explored space to create myths and legends.
B.Some space missions' names originated from traditional Chinese stories.
C.China and the US name their spacecraft differently because of different kinds of pursuit.
D.China's aerospace industry has changed the world.
4.Which is the best title for the text
A.Space Missions' Names.
B.How to Name Space Missions
C.Space Missions' Names Embody Chinese Romanticism.
D.Chinese Myths and Legends.
B
(2022山东济宁开学考试)
Astronaut Scott Kelly has been living on the International Space Station(ISS)since March 28, 2015. And just like any other home, the ISS requires some housekeeping, in the form of regular work and repairs.
That is why Kelly and his partner Kjell Lindgren performed activities outside the station on Wednesday. The operation began at 8:03 am and lasted for more than seven hours. It was the first spacewalk for both men.
The ISS has been in continual use for 15 years, and has hosted over 200 people, including astronauts and private tourists. During their activities, Kelly and Lindgren did basic electrical work, such as attaching new wires that will provide power for docking ports(对接口)on the station. The docking ports will be used when other people arrive at the ISS. Also, the two astronauts fixed a thermal(防寒的) cover on a key scientific instrument on the station to protect it from the freezing temperatures of space.
As the more senior astronaut, Kelly led the spacewalk. However, Lindgren dealt with some of the more challenging parts of the job as he has longer arms than Kelly.
During a spacewalk, the simplest work becomes a difficult task. Kelly and Lindgren spent months training and practicing for the operation. The preparation began in NASA's Neutral Buoyancy Lab(NBL). Here astronauts are made to work in an environment similar to the one outside the space station.
Even getting the space suits ready can take days. While each suit is built to fit the astronaut perfectly who will wear it, adjustments(调整) need to be made right up to the time when the spacewalk begins. The adjustments address any change in the astronauts' bodies that has occurred as a result of being in a gravity-free environment.
5.Why did Kelly and Lindgren take the spacewalk
A.To clean up the ISS.
B.To keep the ISS in good condition.
C.To test their new space suits.
D.To carry out a scientific experiment.
6.What is the main idea of the third paragraph
A.How the ISS works properly.
B.Why the docking ports are useful.
C.How the astronauts performed the spacewalk.
D.What the two astronauts did in the spacewalk.
7.Why did Lindgren do more challenging work than Kelly during the spacewalk
A.He knew more about the station.
B.He was the leader of the team.
C.He has a longer reach.
D.He had more experience of the spacewalk.
8.What does the underlined word “address” in the last paragraph mean
A.Result in. B.Belong to. C.Interact with. D.Deal with.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2023山西太原晋源区月考)
Liu Yang is a Chinese pilot and astronaut. She graduated 1 Air Force Aviation College of Changchun. After two years of astronaut training, Liu 2 (be) excellent in testing. Liu was selected for the crew(乘组) of Shenzhou-9, the first manned mission to the Chinese space station Tiangong-1. Liu became the first Chinese woman astronaut 3 (go) into space. The mission was launched on June 16, 2012. During this manned space mission, Liu did some 4 (experiment) in space.
Wang Yaping became a crew member of the Shenzhou-10 space mission in 2013. And more 5 (important), she was famous as China's first space teacher after giving 6 forty-minute live lesson to students from the place 7 (many) than 300 kilometres above the Earth's surface. Again Wang Yaping 8 (choose) to take part in the Shenzhou-13 crewed mission, with the spacecraft launched on Oct. 16, 2021. She became the first woman who entered the core module(核心舱) of China Space Station, 9 is called Tianhe. She drew global attention again during her second space mission. Many 10 (challenge) tasks have been completed by her: a spacewalk and the second class.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
Part 1 Listening and Speaking &
Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.astronauts 2.satellites 3.procedure 4.vehicle 5.universe
Ⅱ.1.intelligence 考查名词。句意:儿童的智力在零到三岁之间发展迅速。根据空前的A child’s可知此处需要用名词作主语,intelligence为不可数名词。故填intelligence。
2.independence 考查名词。句意:正如我们在历史课上学到的,这个国家经过长期斗争后获得了独立。设空处作动词gained的宾语,因此用名词。故填independence。
3.mentally 考查副词。句意:在将近一年的恢复过程中,王先生转向音乐来帮助自己在身体上和精神上痊愈。设空处与physically并列作状语。故填mentally。
4.signaled/signalled 考查动词的时态。句意:刚才主持人示意员工从这个出口离开会议室。分析句子成分可知,设空处作谓语,根据句中的时间状语just now可知应用一般过去时。故填signaled或signalled。
5.disappointed;to work 考查形容词和动词不定式。句意:考试不及格后,他自然感到失望和沮丧,但是他没有失去信心。他决心努力学习,赶上别人。第一空所填词与frustrated并列,都是表示主语的感受,因此应填disappointed;determine to do sth.意为“决心做某事”,故第二空填to work。
6.to solve 考查动词不定式。句意:我们的老师说只要我们对自己有信心,我们都有解决问题的能力。the ability to do sth.意为“做某事的能力”,动词不定式作后置定语,修饰ability。故填to solve。
7.satisfied 考查形容词。句意:回顾我的高中时光,我承认那很累,但忙碌的日子真的让我很快乐、很满足。此处是“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,设空处与and前面的happy为并列成分,宾语为me(指人),故填satisfied。
Ⅲ.1.in the hope of 2.on board 3.carry on
Ⅳ.1.To raise/improve;have launched 2.was determined to help 3.①desire to be ②have a desire to be
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.an 考查冠词。此处指大多数人认为太空旅行是一个不可能实现的梦想。dream为可数名词,此处表泛指,且impossible以元音音素开头,所以用不定冠词an。
2.realizing 考查动名词。succeed in doing sth.意为“成功做某事”。故填realizing。
3.was launched 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知,此处作谓语,由时间状语 On 4 October 1957可知应用一般过去时;the Sputnik 1 satellite与launch之间为被动关系,且主语为第三人称单数。故填was launched。
4.goes 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知,此处作宾语从句中的谓语,结合让步状语从句和主句的时态可知,此处应用一般现在时;宾语从句的主语为nothing,故填goes。
5.disappointment 考查名词。设空处和前面的sadness并列,都作brought的宾语,也应用名词。故填disappointment。
6.but 考查连词。分析句子结构可知,设空处前后都是完整的句子,且在意思上存在转折关系,所以应用表示转折的并列连词连接。故填but。
7.than 考查介词。根据设空处前面的比较级later可知,这里用介词than。
8.independently 考查副词。设空处修饰动词不定式to send,应用副词。故填independently。
9.when 考查定语从句。设空处无提示词且前面有逗号,结合语境可以推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词2003,关系词在从句中作时间状语。故填when。
10.to survive 考查动词不定式。enable sb. to do sth.意为“使某人能够做某事”。故填to survive。
Ⅱ. A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。中国许多航天任务独特的名字来自中国的神话与传说,体现了中国人的浪漫主义。
1.C 推理判断题。第二段列举了四个与中国神话相关的航天任务的名称,分别是神舟、嫦娥、玉兔和鹊桥,所以判断本段是用举例子的方式展开的。注意第二段中的关键信息“In another example”。故选C。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“在中国民间传说中,鹊桥是由数百万只喜鹊组成的,以便一对分开的夫妇即使隔着银河也能相见。同样,鹊桥中继卫星充当了月球和地球之间通信的‘太空桥梁’。”可知,中继卫星命名为“鹊桥”是因为这个名字暗示了中继卫星的功能。故选D。
3.B 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句“这些传统故事已经成为中国科学家命名重大太空任务的灵感来源。”和倒数第二段第二句“这与中国人如何命名他们的航天器迥然不同,中国人如何命名他们的航天器反映了中国人的浪漫感和对太空的敬畏,以及他们传承传统文化和祖先科学发现精神的努力。”以及最后一段最后一句“随着中国航空航天工业的飞速发展,将有越来越多体现中国人浪漫主义的中国故事被展示给世界。”可知,后三段都提到了中国航空航天任务的命名与中国的神话和传统相关,也就是说一些太空任务的名称来源于中国传统故事。故选B。
4.C 主旨大意题。根据首段最后一句“除了庆祝这些科学成就,公众也对这些任务的独特名字产生了越来越大的兴趣,其中许多名字来自中国的神话和传说。”和尾段最后一句“随着中国航空航天工业的飞速发展,将有越来越多体现中国人浪漫主义的中国故事被展示给世界。”以及全文中列举的中国航天任务的名字可知,本文主要讲述了中国航天任务的名字与中国的神话传说和浪漫的故事有关,所以C项“太空任务的名称体现中国人的浪漫主义”最适合作为本文标题。故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.witness v.见证 2.literally adv.按字面;字面上 3.refer to指的是 4.match v.相配;相同
5.date back to追溯到 6.inspiration n.灵感;鼓舞人心的人或事物 7.pass down使世代相传;流传 8.pursuit n.追求
【熟词生义】 land v.着陆;登陆
长难句
原句 This is quite unlike how the Chinese name their spacecraft, which reflects the Chinese people’s sense of romance and awe for space as well as their efforts to pass down traditional culture and their ancestors’ spirit of scientific discovery.
分析 本句为主从复合句。how...spacecraft是宾语从句,which引导非限制性定语从句。
译文 这与中国人如何命名他们的航天器迥然不同,中国人如何命名他们的航天器反映了中国人的浪漫感和对太空的敬畏,以及他们传承传统文化和祖先科学发现精神的努力。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了两位宇航员为了维持国际空间站的正常运转在太空工作和生活的场景。
5.B 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“And just like any other home, the ISS requires some housekeeping, in the form of regular work and repairs.”和第二段第一句“That is why Kelly and his partner Kjell Lindgren performed activities outside the station on Wednesday.”可知,Kelly和Lindgren进行太空行走是为了进行平常的工作和修理,以保持国际空间站的良好状态。故选B。
易错归因 本题易受housekeeping的影响误选A项,要注意这里的housekeeping是一种类比的手法,空间站的家务并不是真正的家务,而是平常的工作和修理,也可以根据第三段的描述得知。
6.D 主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“During their activities, Kelly and Lindgren did basic electrical work, such as...”和“Also, the two astronauts fixed a thermal cover on a key scientific instrument on the station...”可知,本段主要介绍了两位宇航员在太空行走时所做的事情。故选D。
7.C 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“However, Lindgren dealt with some of the more challenging parts of the job as he has longer arms than Kelly.”可知,Lindgren做更具有挑战性的工作是因为他的手臂更长。reach指的是“手臂展开的长度;臂展”。故选C。
8.D 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子的上一句可知,每一套宇航服都会在太空行走之前进行调整,画线词所在句句意为“这些调整 宇航员的身体由于在无重力环境中发生的任何变化”可知,宇航服的调整是为了应对宇航员的身体在无重力环境中发生的任何变化。所以推测“address”表示“应对;处理”,与“deal with”同义。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.in the form of 以……的形式
2.electrical adj.电的,与电有关的 3.instrument n.仪器
4.senior adj.(地位、水平或级别)较高的,高级的
5.challenging adj.具有挑战性的 6.as a result of 由于;作为……的结果
【熟词生义】 host v.招待(客人)
长难句
原句 While each suit is built to fit the astronaut perfectly who will wear it, adjustments need to be made right up to the time when the spacewalk begins.
分析 本句为主从复合句。While引导让步状语从句,意为“尽管”;who will wear it是who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词astronaut;when the spacewalk begins是when引导的定语从句,修饰先行词time。
译文 虽然每一套宇航服都是为将要穿它的宇航员量身定做的,但直到太空行走开始的时候还需要做些调整。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了中国女航天员刘洋和王亚平为中国航天事业所做出的贡献。
1.from 考查介词。graduate from意为“从……毕业”。故填from。
2.was 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:经过两年的航天员训练,刘洋在测试方面表现出色。这里描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,且句子主语是第三人称单数形式,故填was。
3.to go 考查动词不定式。句意:刘洋成为中国第一位进入太空的女航天员。“the+序数词+名词+to do sth.”意为“第几个做某事的……”,其中动词不定式作后置定语,修饰前面的名词。故填to go。
4.experiments 考查名词复数。experiment意为“实验”时为可数名词,此处指刘洋在太空中做了一些实验,应用复数形式。故填experiments。
5.importantly 考查副词。此处修饰整个句子,应用副词。故填importantly。
6.a 考查冠词。此处指“一堂四十分钟的现场直播课程”,表示泛指,且forty minute是以辅音音素开头的词。故填a。
7.more 考查比较级。此处指在距离地球表面三百多千米的地方。根据语境和than可知,此处应用more。
8.was chosen 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:王亚平再次被选中参加神舟十三号载人飞行任务,神舟十三号飞船于2021年10月16日发射。此处描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时;句子主语Wang Yaping和choose之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;并且句子主语为第三人称单数形式,谓语也用单数。故填was chosen。
9.which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:她成为第一个进入中国空间站天和核心舱的女性。设空处无提示词,且空前有逗号,设空处前面是名词短语the core module of China Space Station,“ is called Tianhe”中缺少主语,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词the core module of China Space Station指物。故填which。
10.challenging 考查形容词。此处指她完成了许多具有挑战性的任务。设空处修饰其后的复数名词tasks,应用形容词challenging。
【高频词汇】 1.mission n.任务 2.live adj.现场直播的
3.take part in参加 4.global adj.全球的
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