2024人教版高中英语必修第三册同步练习题--UNIT 4 Part 3 Reading for Writing, Assessing Your Progress & Video Time（答案与解析
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2024人教版高中英语必修第三册同步
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
Part 3 Reading for Writing, Assessing Your Progress & Video Time
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The exercises are designed to strengthen your stomach (肌肉).
2.We should take care of these precious natural (资源) wisely.
3.He doesn't want tomorrow to follow the usual (模式), and he plans to make a surprise for his wife.
4.Knowing that you're looking for volunteers to [/ m n t (r)/] the water quality of the river, I'd like to be one of them.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.According to the World Wide Fund for Nature, the (globe) black rhino population has dropped as low as 5,500.
2.Your time with your doctor is (limit), so preparing a list of questions can help you make the most of your appointment.
3.Debaters use quotations and scientific research data, trying to make all their (argue) more convincing.
4.We make decisions based on facts and many (analysis) of these aspects.
5.We meet (regular), once a month, to exchange ideas about the newly read books.
6.Don't you think the universe is very (mystery) There are many unknown things out there.
7.I appeal to companies to attach more importance ability and employ college students who are competent or have great potential.
8.One way to inspire the young is to tell stories about achievements that result hard work.
9.I am writing (apply) for a position as a volunteer of the Chinese Painting Exhibition to be held in your art gallery.
Ⅲ.选词填空
result in; provide for; as a result; run out
A terrible earthquake hit this district the other day,1. a great loss. Supplies are 2. and conditions are getting worse. 3. , the government is trying its best to 4. the local residents. All of the people strongly believe that they can get through the disaster.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.和他争论这个问题没有用,因为他不会改变主意。(argue)
It's no use the question, for he won't change his mind.
2.杰夫的手碰到了滚烫的炉子,他痛苦地哭了起来。珍娜让他把手放在冷水里。(make+宾语+宾语补足语)
Jeff's hand touched the hot burner and he gave a cry of pain. Jenna his hand in cold water.(读后续写—动作描写)
3.我没有规划如何合理地使用我的零花钱,所以仅过去两周,我的钱就已经用完了。(一句多译)
①I didn't plan how to use my pocket money properly, so only after two weeks, .(run out of/use up)
②I didn't plan how to use my pocket money properly, so only after two weeks, .(run out/give out)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Billions of dollars and lots of time are spent on various space missions, whether to Mars 1 other planets much further away.
Firstly, 2 (explore) space has played an important role in the fight against world hunger. A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns. As 3 result, space-based science has helped in growing enough food 4 (feed) the increasing population.
Secondly, space exploration has promoted technological 5 (improve) that are beneficial to us. High-end products around the world 6 (make) to a higher standard now due to advanced technology 7 was created to meet the requirements for space exploration.
8 (final), sending astronauts into space has helped people to solve the world's problems. Seeing pictures of our planet in the universe made people realise that our planet's resources are 9 (limit). The greatest attention at present is on Mars. In the future, humans may live on both planets.
10 closing, space exploration provides many different benefits for the world.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
(2023广东惠州中学期中)
The success of Blue Origin's space tourism flights has caused concerns among the public. Many say it is a rich person's game that is unnecessary when Earth badly needs help.
For Jane Smith, co-founder of Space View, the industry is not preventing Earth from help, but helping its residents better understand their world.
“Space exploration has played an important role in forming our understanding of our planet,” Smith said in an interview. “The most downloaded image in history is Earthrise that was taken in 1968 by Apollo astronauts as they circled the moon. Taking the photo was not on their schedule of activities but they were so struck by the scene that they rushed to record it. That one photograph helped mankind to see Earth as a planet in space, and inspired an environmental movement.”
Space View, founded in 2019, is a firm using a giant balloon to send humans into the stratosphere (平流层). It is designing a luxurious capsule(豪华太空舱) that fits six passengers, who can relax in seats or enjoy a snack while flying 20 miles above Earth.
Smith explained that eventually, millions of people would have exciting space experience. Tickets for a ride through Space View currently cost $125,000 a seat, but Smith said the “long-term vision is to bring the price down significantly”. “A ticket price of, say, $30,000-$40,000 will make the space trip affordable to many millions of people,” she added.
When asked about the public comments, Smith answered, “When people visit space and experience our Earth from that fantastic point, they connect deeply with our planet and the singular human family that inhabits it. It broadens their perspectives(视角) and they return with a deepened understanding of social and environmental causes.”
1.What do the public think of Blue Origin's space tourism flights
A.Successful. B.Inspiring. C.Beneficial. D.Costly.
2.Why does Jane Smith mention the photo Earthrise
A.To review the history of the photo.
B.To express respect for Apollo astronauts.
C.To remind people of the beauty of space.
D.To explain the significance of space exploration.
3.What do we know about Space View
A.It has made much money from space tourism.
B.It aims to make space tourism popular.
C.It plays a part in Blue Origin's flights.
D.It has sent six passengers into space.
4.Which can be the best title of the passage
A.Is Space Tourism a Rich Person's Game
B.Can Everyone Experience Space Tourism
C.Why Should the Public Know About Space
D.How Has Space Tourism Developed Rapidly
Ⅲ.七选五
Gardening 380 Kilometers Above Earth
Astronauts have to go through physical, psychological, and technical training. They also go through training in how to care for plants. These “astronaut gardeners” share their work and living space with plants.
Taking seeds and plants along on a trip isn't a new idea. As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space. 1 Because of this, it's not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away.
Plants can have many uses on a space journey. They can provide more fresh things. 2 Also, plants can help to make air quality better because they produce oxygen. They can improve the quality of the air inside the spacecraft—the only air the astronauts can breathe.
3 Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants. This can actually kill them, so fans are needed to circulate the air. Without gravity, roots don't “know” how to grow down, leaves don't “know” how to grow up, and water doesn't easily travel up from the roots to the leaves. 4 Besides, soil is too heavy to send into space, and special liquid gels (胶滞体) are used to help plants grow.
Scientists are also working on the plants themselves. They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space, and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease. 5 Imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people, saving transportation costs. Similarly, plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply. With the world's population now at more than seven billion, our astronaut gardeners may help discover ways to feed those billions.
A.Every plant grown in space must have several uses.
B.However, there are challenges of growing plants in space.
C.Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth.
D.The cost of taking anything into space is about $22,000 per kilogram.
E.Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly.
F.Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruit and vegetables to their diet of dry foods.
G.Currently all oxygen is taken aboard in tanks and then caught again so it can be reused.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅳ.读后续写
(2023江苏常熟期中)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Mom and I spend mornings cleaning up the dirt that blows into our house. The dirt gets into everything. It covers our clothes. We have to wash the dishes before each meal. We rarely drive our car because Dad fears the dust from the road will ruin the motor.
When my sister, Faye, and I walk to school, we wear scarfs over our mouths so we don't breathe in the dirt. On days when the air is so bad that they close the school, we stay home and help Mom put wet sheets over the windows. But the dirt always finds a way in.
Last Sunday, there was no dirt in the air, only bright spring sunshine and a clear blue sky. After lunch, Dad headed out to the field to check on the cattle. Faye and I played in the yard. The temperature suddenly dropped.
Then Mom shouted from the house, “Iris, you and Faye get inside, quickly now!” I looked to the west and saw a huge black cloud of dust. All the birds flew away. “Faye, go with Mom!” I shouted. “I'll warn Dad.”
Faye dashed to the house. The storm hit so fast; I hardly saw her climb the porch's steps. Fine sand hit my face and the day turned into night immediately. I stumbled(跌跌撞撞地走) over our bicycles left carelessly in the yard. I screamed for Dad, hoping my voice would lead him back.
The dirt and sand stung(刺) my skin like a thousand bees. I needed to get to shelter. Covering my face with one hand, I found my way to the car and opened the door. Dirt flew in with me as I pulled the door closed. Dad was still out there! I needed to help him find our car.
I found the switch(开关) for the front lights. They gave out some light, but would it be enough for Dad to see them in the thick darkness I pushed the horn(喇叭) again and again, hoping Dad would hear it. I pushed the horn until I had no more strength in my arms.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
Suddenly,Dad's face appeared at the window.
Paragraph 2:
Finally,the wind stopped and the dust began to settle.
答案与分层梯度式解析
Part 3 Reading for Writing, Assessing Your
Progress & Video Time
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.muscles 2.resources 3.pattern 4.monitor
Ⅱ.1.global 考查形容词。句意:根据世界自然基金会的数据,全球黑犀牛的数量已经下降到5,500头。修饰名词population应用形容词,故填global。
2.limited 考查形容词。句意:你和医生在一起的时间是有限的,所以准备一个问题清单可以帮助你充分利用你的约定时间。分析句子成分可知,设空处作表语,结合句意可知此处表示“有限的”,应用形容词limited。
3.arguments 考查名词及其复数形式。句意:辩论者使用引文和科学研究数据,试图使他们所有的论据更有说服力。设空处作make的宾语,故应用名词形式,argument表示“论点,论据”时为可数名词,根据空前面的all their可知应用复数形式,故填arguments。
4.analyses 考查名词复数。句意:我们根据事实和对这些方面的许多分析作出决定。由设空处前面的many可知此处应用复数名词analyses。
类比启发 analysis变为复数为不规则变化,将sis变为ses,类似这种变化的词还有:crisis→crises(危机);basis→bases(基础);thesis→theses(论文);diagnosis→diagnoses(判断,诊断)。
5.regularly 考查副词。句意:我们定期会面,每月一次,就新读的书交换看法。设空处修饰动词meet,应用副词。故填regularly。
6.mysterious 考查形容词。句意:你不觉得宇宙非常神秘吗 那里有很多未知的事物。设空处位于is之后,作表语,且前面有副词very,应用形容词mysterious。
7.to 考查介词。句意:我呼吁公司更加重视能力,雇用有能力或者有很大潜力的大学生。attach importance to...意为“重视……”。故填to。
8.from 考查固定搭配。句意:激励年轻人的一种方法是讲述关于成就源于辛勤工作的故事。result from意为“因……发生;随……产生”。故填from。
易错归因 本题容易误填in,原因在于没有弄清楚result in和result from的区别。result in表示“导致,造成”,后面内容表示结果;result from表示“因……发生,随……产生”,后面内容表示原因。本题中hard work(努力工作)是achievements(成就)的原因,故用result from。
9.to apply 考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意:我写这封信是为了申请要在贵美术馆举办的中国绘画展览志愿者的职位。结合句意可知此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to apply。
Ⅲ.1.resulting in 2.running out 3.As a result
4.provide for
Ⅳ.1.arguing with him about/over 2.made him put
3.①I have run out of/used up my money ②my money has run out/given out
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.or 考查连词。whether...or...为固定结构,意为“无论……还是……”。
2.exploring 考查动名词。分析句子成分可知,设空处在句中作主语,此处指太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用,表示一般的、抽象的动作,应用动名词作主语。故填exploring。
3.a 考查冠词。as a result为固定短语,意为“结果”。
4.to feed 考查动词不定式。此处指种足够多的食物以供养不断增加的人口,应用动词不定式作目的状语,故填to feed。
5.improvements 考查名词及其单复数。设空处作及物动词promoted的宾语,且前面有形容词,因此应该用名词;再根据其后的定语从句中的谓语动词are可知,此处应该用名词的复数形式。故填improvements。
6.are made 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。products与make之间是被动关系,因此应该用被动语态;结合后面的now和语境可知,此处应该用一般现在时,且主语为复数形式,故填are made。
7.that/which 考查定语从句的关系词。设空处无提示词,空前为名词短语advanced technology,空后缺主语,将空前的名词短语代入设空处,句意、结构完整,所以推知设空处引导定语从句且在从句中作主语,指物,所以用that或which。
8.Finally 考查副词。提示词是形容词,且后面有逗号隔开,所以此处用副词作状语来修饰整个句子。注意首字母大写,故填Finally。
9.limited 考查形容词。此处指我们星球的资源是“有限的”,应用形容词作表语,故填limited。
10.In 考查介词。in closing为固定搭配,意为“最后”。注意首字母大写,故填In。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了蓝色起源的太空旅游飞行获得成功,许多人认为这是富人的游戏,Space View的联合创始人Jane Smith说这一行业的目标是使太空旅游大众化。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“许多人说,这是富人的游戏,在地球急需帮助的时候,这是不必要的”可知,公众认为蓝色起源的太空旅游飞行是昂贵的。故选D。
2.D 推理判断题。在第三段的开头,Smith提到太空探索在形成我们对地球的理解方面发挥了重要作用,接着Smith提到照片Earthrise的例子来解释说明太空探索的意义——那张照片帮助人类将地球作为太空中的一颗行星看待,并激发了一场环保运动。故选D。
3.B 推理判断题。倒数第二段提到,目前Space View的票价为12.5万美元一个座位,但Smith表示长期目标是大幅降低票价。3万至4万美元的票价将使数百万人负担得起太空旅游。因此,Space View力求使太空旅游大众化。故选B。
4.A 主旨大意题。第一段中提到“蓝色起源的太空旅游飞行的成功引起了公众的关切。许多人说,这是富人的游戏,在地球急需帮助的时候,这是不必要的”,下文中,Space View的联合创始人Jane Smith从探索太空的意义、将来太空旅游的费用、人类登上太空后的感受说明了其目标是使太空旅游大众化,故A项最适合作为本文标题。故选A。
【高频词汇】 1.concern n.担忧 2.prevent v.阻止
3.download v.下载 4.schedule n.日程安排;工作计划
5.significantly adv.显著地;明显地 6.affordable adj.多数人支付得起的 7.comment n.评论 8.fantastic adj.极好的;了不起的
【熟词生义】 1.fit v.可容纳;装进 2.say v.比方说;假设
3.cause n.(支持或为之奋斗的)事业,目标
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了宇航员在太空种植植物的原因、好处和挑战。
1.D 细节句。设空处下一句提到“因此,把长途旅行所需的东西都发送出去,却只用一次就扔掉是不可行的”,D项“将任何物体带入太空的花费约为每千克22,000美元”说的就是原因。故选D。
2.F 细节句。设空处上一句提到“它们能够提供更加新鲜的东西”,F项“宇航员将欣然接受在他们的干粮饮食中加入水果和蔬菜”承接上文内容,符合语境。故选F。
3.B 过渡句。设空处上一段介绍了太空种植的好处,下文介绍了在太空种植植物也有一定的困难,B项“然而,在太空种植植物也有挑战”承上启下,符合语境。故选B。
4.E 细节句。设空处上一句提到“在失重的情况下,(植物的)根不知道如何向下生长,(植物的)叶子不知道如何向上生长,水分也不容易从根部传导到叶子里”,E项“(目前)正在研发专门的容器来帮助植物正确生长”是针对上文的困境正在采取措施的描述。下文提到了土壤太重的问题和解决方法,与这里的描述情况相同(都是提出问题——解决问题)。故选E。
5.C 过渡句。根据设空处上一句可知,科学家们正在寻找让植物在太空中少用水和光的同时能更快生长而且更抗病的方法;下文提到改良后的植物对地球的影响;据此可推知,设空处应将话题从太空转到地球,C项“这些方法或许会给地球带来改善”承上启下,符合语境。故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.go through经历 2.practical adj.切实可行的;实际的 3.resistant adj.有抵抗力的;抵抗的 4.similarly adv.类似地;同样,也 5.addition n.增加;添加物;加法
【差距词汇】 circulate v.(液体或气体)环流,循环
Ⅳ.
写作指导
情节线 情感线
人物 Iris, Faye, Dad和Mom 面对尘 土的无奈 见到好天 气的兴奋 面对突发 灾害的焦急
时间 上周日,刮沙尘暴的一天
地点 院子里;去田地的路上
背景 作者家里的所有东西都被尘土覆盖,甚至空气太差的时候学校会停课。
开端 上周日,天气晴朗,空气中没有尘土,作者和妹妹在院子里玩儿,作者的父亲去田地里查看牛群。
发展 突然,作者的妈妈大喊着叫作者和妹妹赶紧进屋,沙尘暴很快袭来,作者让妹妹赶紧进去,自己去寻找父亲,让他赶紧回家。
续表
写作指导
情节线 情感线
Para. 1 突然,爸爸的脸出现在窗口。(段首句) 见到爸爸之后 (兴奋、激动) 家人平安 (宽慰)
①见到爸爸后,作者是什么反应 ②爸爸对作者说了什么 面对沙尘暴,他们又是怎么做的
Para. 2 最后,风停了,尘埃开始落定。(段首句)
①风停了后,作者和爸爸做了什么 ②经过这件事后,作者的感受是什么
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
Suddenly,Dad’s face appeared at the window. My heart beat with surprise and then relief. With a scarf covering his face, Dad promptly opened the door and climbed in. I couldn’t wait to throw myself into Dad’s arm, tears of joy rolling down my cheeks. “You are a little angel of intelligence. But for the headlights and your constant blowing of the horn, I might not have found my way back.” Dad started the car to keep warm, and there in the little shelter of the car, we both sat, patiently waiting for the sandstorm to pass by.
Paragraph 2:
Finally,the wind stopped and the dust began to settle. Dad and I couldn’t wait to check whether Mom and Faye were OK. Back in the house, everything was covered with a thick blanket of dust. Thankfully, Mom and Faye were hidden in the cellar safe and sound. Hardly had we seen each other when we all hugged together tightly, feeling grateful for being together as a family. Unfortunately, due to the dust our car suffered damage to the motor, but that was never important as long as our family stuck together in such seemingly never ending disasters.
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2024人教版高中英语必修第三册同步
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
Part 3 Reading for Writing, Assessing Your Progress & Video Time
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The exercises are designed to strengthen your stomach (肌肉).
2.We should take care of these precious natural (资源) wisely.
3.He doesn't want tomorrow to follow the usual (模式), and he plans to make a surprise for his wife.
4.Knowing that you're looking for volunteers to [/ m n t (r)/] the water quality of the river, I'd like to be one of them.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.According to the World Wide Fund for Nature, the (globe) black rhino population has dropped as low as 5,500.
2.Your time with your doctor is (limit), so preparing a list of questions can help you make the most of your appointment.
3.Debaters use quotations and scientific research data, trying to make all their (argue) more convincing.
4.We make decisions based on facts and many (analysis) of these aspects.
5.We meet (regular), once a month, to exchange ideas about the newly read books.
6.Don't you think the universe is very (mystery) There are many unknown things out there.
7.I appeal to companies to attach more importance ability and employ college students who are competent or have great potential.
8.One way to inspire the young is to tell stories about achievements that result hard work.
9.I am writing (apply) for a position as a volunteer of the Chinese Painting Exhibition to be held in your art gallery.
Ⅲ.选词填空
result in; provide for; as a result; run out
A terrible earthquake hit this district the other day,1. a great loss. Supplies are 2. and conditions are getting worse. 3. , the government is trying its best to 4. the local residents. All of the people strongly believe that they can get through the disaster.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.和他争论这个问题没有用,因为他不会改变主意。(argue)
It's no use the question, for he won't change his mind.
2.杰夫的手碰到了滚烫的炉子,他痛苦地哭了起来。珍娜让他把手放在冷水里。(make+宾语+宾语补足语)
Jeff's hand touched the hot burner and he gave a cry of pain. Jenna his hand in cold water.(读后续写—动作描写)
3.我没有规划如何合理地使用我的零花钱,所以仅过去两周,我的钱就已经用完了。(一句多译)
①I didn't plan how to use my pocket money properly, so only after two weeks, .(run out of/use up)
②I didn't plan how to use my pocket money properly, so only after two weeks, .(run out/give out)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Billions of dollars and lots of time are spent on various space missions, whether to Mars 1 other planets much further away.
Firstly, 2 (explore) space has played an important role in the fight against world hunger. A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns. As 3 result, space-based science has helped in growing enough food 4 (feed) the increasing population.
Secondly, space exploration has promoted technological 5 (improve) that are beneficial to us. High-end products around the world 6 (make) to a higher standard now due to advanced technology 7 was created to meet the requirements for space exploration.
8 (final), sending astronauts into space has helped people to solve the world's problems. Seeing pictures of our planet in the universe made people realise that our planet's resources are 9 (limit). The greatest attention at present is on Mars. In the future, humans may live on both planets.
10 closing, space exploration provides many different benefits for the world.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
(2023广东惠州中学期中)
The success of Blue Origin's space tourism flights has caused concerns among the public. Many say it is a rich person's game that is unnecessary when Earth badly needs help.
For Jane Smith, co-founder of Space View, the industry is not preventing Earth from help, but helping its residents better understand their world.
“Space exploration has played an important role in forming our understanding of our planet,” Smith said in an interview. “The most downloaded image in history is Earthrise that was taken in 1968 by Apollo astronauts as they circled the moon. Taking the photo was not on their schedule of activities but they were so struck by the scene that they rushed to record it. That one photograph helped mankind to see Earth as a planet in space, and inspired an environmental movement.”
Space View, founded in 2019, is a firm using a giant balloon to send humans into the stratosphere (平流层). It is designing a luxurious capsule(豪华太空舱) that fits six passengers, who can relax in seats or enjoy a snack while flying 20 miles above Earth.
Smith explained that eventually, millions of people would have exciting space experience. Tickets for a ride through Space View currently cost $125,000 a seat, but Smith said the “long-term vision is to bring the price down significantly”. “A ticket price of, say, $30,000-$40,000 will make the space trip affordable to many millions of people,” she added.
When asked about the public comments, Smith answered, “When people visit space and experience our Earth from that fantastic point, they connect deeply with our planet and the singular human family that inhabits it. It broadens their perspectives(视角) and they return with a deepened understanding of social and environmental causes.”
1.What do the public think of Blue Origin's space tourism flights
A.Successful. B.Inspiring. C.Beneficial. D.Costly.
2.Why does Jane Smith mention the photo Earthrise
A.To review the history of the photo.
B.To express respect for Apollo astronauts.
C.To remind people of the beauty of space.
D.To explain the significance of space exploration.
3.What do we know about Space View
A.It has made much money from space tourism.
B.It aims to make space tourism popular.
C.It plays a part in Blue Origin's flights.
D.It has sent six passengers into space.
4.Which can be the best title of the passage
A.Is Space Tourism a Rich Person's Game
B.Can Everyone Experience Space Tourism
C.Why Should the Public Know About Space
D.How Has Space Tourism Developed Rapidly
Ⅲ.七选五
Gardening 380 Kilometers Above Earth
Astronauts have to go through physical, psychological, and technical training. They also go through training in how to care for plants. These “astronaut gardeners” share their work and living space with plants.
Taking seeds and plants along on a trip isn't a new idea. As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space. 1 Because of this, it's not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away.
Plants can have many uses on a space journey. They can provide more fresh things. 2 Also, plants can help to make air quality better because they produce oxygen. They can improve the quality of the air inside the spacecraft—the only air the astronauts can breathe.
3 Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants. This can actually kill them, so fans are needed to circulate the air. Without gravity, roots don't “know” how to grow down, leaves don't “know” how to grow up, and water doesn't easily travel up from the roots to the leaves. 4 Besides, soil is too heavy to send into space, and special liquid gels (胶滞体) are used to help plants grow.
Scientists are also working on the plants themselves. They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space, and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease. 5 Imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people, saving transportation costs. Similarly, plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply. With the world's population now at more than seven billion, our astronaut gardeners may help discover ways to feed those billions.
A.Every plant grown in space must have several uses.
B.However, there are challenges of growing plants in space.
C.Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth.
D.The cost of taking anything into space is about $22,000 per kilogram.
E.Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly.
F.Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruit and vegetables to their diet of dry foods.
G.Currently all oxygen is taken aboard in tanks and then caught again so it can be reused.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅳ.读后续写
(2023江苏常熟期中)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Mom and I spend mornings cleaning up the dirt that blows into our house. The dirt gets into everything. It covers our clothes. We have to wash the dishes before each meal. We rarely drive our car because Dad fears the dust from the road will ruin the motor.
When my sister, Faye, and I walk to school, we wear scarfs over our mouths so we don't breathe in the dirt. On days when the air is so bad that they close the school, we stay home and help Mom put wet sheets over the windows. But the dirt always finds a way in.
Last Sunday, there was no dirt in the air, only bright spring sunshine and a clear blue sky. After lunch, Dad headed out to the field to check on the cattle. Faye and I played in the yard. The temperature suddenly dropped.
Then Mom shouted from the house, “Iris, you and Faye get inside, quickly now!” I looked to the west and saw a huge black cloud of dust. All the birds flew away. “Faye, go with Mom!” I shouted. “I'll warn Dad.”
Faye dashed to the house. The storm hit so fast; I hardly saw her climb the porch's steps. Fine sand hit my face and the day turned into night immediately. I stumbled(跌跌撞撞地走) over our bicycles left carelessly in the yard. I screamed for Dad, hoping my voice would lead him back.
The dirt and sand stung(刺) my skin like a thousand bees. I needed to get to shelter. Covering my face with one hand, I found my way to the car and opened the door. Dirt flew in with me as I pulled the door closed. Dad was still out there! I needed to help him find our car.
I found the switch(开关) for the front lights. They gave out some light, but would it be enough for Dad to see them in the thick darkness I pushed the horn(喇叭) again and again, hoping Dad would hear it. I pushed the horn until I had no more strength in my arms.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
Suddenly,Dad's face appeared at the window.
Paragraph 2:
Finally,the wind stopped and the dust began to settle.
答案与分层梯度式解析
Part 3 Reading for Writing, Assessing Your
Progress & Video Time
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.muscles 2.resources 3.pattern 4.monitor
Ⅱ.1.global 考查形容词。句意:根据世界自然基金会的数据,全球黑犀牛的数量已经下降到5,500头。修饰名词population应用形容词,故填global。
2.limited 考查形容词。句意:你和医生在一起的时间是有限的,所以准备一个问题清单可以帮助你充分利用你的约定时间。分析句子成分可知,设空处作表语,结合句意可知此处表示“有限的”,应用形容词limited。
3.arguments 考查名词及其复数形式。句意:辩论者使用引文和科学研究数据,试图使他们所有的论据更有说服力。设空处作make的宾语,故应用名词形式,argument表示“论点,论据”时为可数名词,根据空前面的all their可知应用复数形式,故填arguments。
4.analyses 考查名词复数。句意:我们根据事实和对这些方面的许多分析作出决定。由设空处前面的many可知此处应用复数名词analyses。
类比启发 analysis变为复数为不规则变化,将sis变为ses,类似这种变化的词还有:crisis→crises(危机);basis→bases(基础);thesis→theses(论文);diagnosis→diagnoses(判断,诊断)。
5.regularly 考查副词。句意:我们定期会面,每月一次,就新读的书交换看法。设空处修饰动词meet,应用副词。故填regularly。
6.mysterious 考查形容词。句意:你不觉得宇宙非常神秘吗 那里有很多未知的事物。设空处位于is之后,作表语,且前面有副词very,应用形容词mysterious。
7.to 考查介词。句意:我呼吁公司更加重视能力,雇用有能力或者有很大潜力的大学生。attach importance to...意为“重视……”。故填to。
8.from 考查固定搭配。句意:激励年轻人的一种方法是讲述关于成就源于辛勤工作的故事。result from意为“因……发生;随……产生”。故填from。
易错归因 本题容易误填in,原因在于没有弄清楚result in和result from的区别。result in表示“导致,造成”,后面内容表示结果;result from表示“因……发生,随……产生”,后面内容表示原因。本题中hard work(努力工作)是achievements(成就)的原因,故用result from。
9.to apply 考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意:我写这封信是为了申请要在贵美术馆举办的中国绘画展览志愿者的职位。结合句意可知此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to apply。
Ⅲ.1.resulting in 2.running out 3.As a result
4.provide for
Ⅳ.1.arguing with him about/over 2.made him put
3.①I have run out of/used up my money ②my money has run out/given out
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.or 考查连词。whether...or...为固定结构,意为“无论……还是……”。
2.exploring 考查动名词。分析句子成分可知,设空处在句中作主语,此处指太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用,表示一般的、抽象的动作,应用动名词作主语。故填exploring。
3.a 考查冠词。as a result为固定短语,意为“结果”。
4.to feed 考查动词不定式。此处指种足够多的食物以供养不断增加的人口,应用动词不定式作目的状语,故填to feed。
5.improvements 考查名词及其单复数。设空处作及物动词promoted的宾语,且前面有形容词,因此应该用名词;再根据其后的定语从句中的谓语动词are可知,此处应该用名词的复数形式。故填improvements。
6.are made 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。products与make之间是被动关系,因此应该用被动语态;结合后面的now和语境可知,此处应该用一般现在时,且主语为复数形式,故填are made。
7.that/which 考查定语从句的关系词。设空处无提示词,空前为名词短语advanced technology,空后缺主语,将空前的名词短语代入设空处,句意、结构完整,所以推知设空处引导定语从句且在从句中作主语,指物,所以用that或which。
8.Finally 考查副词。提示词是形容词,且后面有逗号隔开,所以此处用副词作状语来修饰整个句子。注意首字母大写,故填Finally。
9.limited 考查形容词。此处指我们星球的资源是“有限的”,应用形容词作表语,故填limited。
10.In 考查介词。in closing为固定搭配,意为“最后”。注意首字母大写,故填In。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了蓝色起源的太空旅游飞行获得成功,许多人认为这是富人的游戏,Space View的联合创始人Jane Smith说这一行业的目标是使太空旅游大众化。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“许多人说,这是富人的游戏,在地球急需帮助的时候,这是不必要的”可知,公众认为蓝色起源的太空旅游飞行是昂贵的。故选D。
2.D 推理判断题。在第三段的开头,Smith提到太空探索在形成我们对地球的理解方面发挥了重要作用,接着Smith提到照片Earthrise的例子来解释说明太空探索的意义——那张照片帮助人类将地球作为太空中的一颗行星看待,并激发了一场环保运动。故选D。
3.B 推理判断题。倒数第二段提到,目前Space View的票价为12.5万美元一个座位,但Smith表示长期目标是大幅降低票价。3万至4万美元的票价将使数百万人负担得起太空旅游。因此,Space View力求使太空旅游大众化。故选B。
4.A 主旨大意题。第一段中提到“蓝色起源的太空旅游飞行的成功引起了公众的关切。许多人说,这是富人的游戏,在地球急需帮助的时候,这是不必要的”,下文中,Space View的联合创始人Jane Smith从探索太空的意义、将来太空旅游的费用、人类登上太空后的感受说明了其目标是使太空旅游大众化,故A项最适合作为本文标题。故选A。
【高频词汇】 1.concern n.担忧 2.prevent v.阻止
3.download v.下载 4.schedule n.日程安排;工作计划
5.significantly adv.显著地;明显地 6.affordable adj.多数人支付得起的 7.comment n.评论 8.fantastic adj.极好的;了不起的
【熟词生义】 1.fit v.可容纳;装进 2.say v.比方说;假设
3.cause n.(支持或为之奋斗的)事业,目标
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了宇航员在太空种植植物的原因、好处和挑战。
1.D 细节句。设空处下一句提到“因此,把长途旅行所需的东西都发送出去,却只用一次就扔掉是不可行的”,D项“将任何物体带入太空的花费约为每千克22,000美元”说的就是原因。故选D。
2.F 细节句。设空处上一句提到“它们能够提供更加新鲜的东西”,F项“宇航员将欣然接受在他们的干粮饮食中加入水果和蔬菜”承接上文内容,符合语境。故选F。
3.B 过渡句。设空处上一段介绍了太空种植的好处,下文介绍了在太空种植植物也有一定的困难,B项“然而,在太空种植植物也有挑战”承上启下,符合语境。故选B。
4.E 细节句。设空处上一句提到“在失重的情况下,(植物的)根不知道如何向下生长,(植物的)叶子不知道如何向上生长,水分也不容易从根部传导到叶子里”,E项“(目前)正在研发专门的容器来帮助植物正确生长”是针对上文的困境正在采取措施的描述。下文提到了土壤太重的问题和解决方法,与这里的描述情况相同(都是提出问题——解决问题)。故选E。
5.C 过渡句。根据设空处上一句可知,科学家们正在寻找让植物在太空中少用水和光的同时能更快生长而且更抗病的方法;下文提到改良后的植物对地球的影响;据此可推知,设空处应将话题从太空转到地球,C项“这些方法或许会给地球带来改善”承上启下,符合语境。故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.go through经历 2.practical adj.切实可行的;实际的 3.resistant adj.有抵抗力的;抵抗的 4.similarly adv.类似地;同样,也 5.addition n.增加;添加物;加法
【差距词汇】 circulate v.(液体或气体)环流,循环
Ⅳ.
写作指导
情节线 情感线
人物 Iris, Faye, Dad和Mom 面对尘 土的无奈 见到好天 气的兴奋 面对突发 灾害的焦急
时间 上周日,刮沙尘暴的一天
地点 院子里;去田地的路上
背景 作者家里的所有东西都被尘土覆盖,甚至空气太差的时候学校会停课。
开端 上周日,天气晴朗,空气中没有尘土,作者和妹妹在院子里玩儿,作者的父亲去田地里查看牛群。
发展 突然,作者的妈妈大喊着叫作者和妹妹赶紧进屋,沙尘暴很快袭来,作者让妹妹赶紧进去,自己去寻找父亲,让他赶紧回家。
续表
写作指导
情节线 情感线
Para. 1 突然,爸爸的脸出现在窗口。(段首句) 见到爸爸之后 (兴奋、激动) 家人平安 (宽慰)
①见到爸爸后,作者是什么反应 ②爸爸对作者说了什么 面对沙尘暴,他们又是怎么做的
Para. 2 最后,风停了,尘埃开始落定。(段首句)
①风停了后,作者和爸爸做了什么 ②经过这件事后,作者的感受是什么
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
Suddenly,Dad’s face appeared at the window. My heart beat with surprise and then relief. With a scarf covering his face, Dad promptly opened the door and climbed in. I couldn’t wait to throw myself into Dad’s arm, tears of joy rolling down my cheeks. “You are a little angel of intelligence. But for the headlights and your constant blowing of the horn, I might not have found my way back.” Dad started the car to keep warm, and there in the little shelter of the car, we both sat, patiently waiting for the sandstorm to pass by.
Paragraph 2:
Finally,the wind stopped and the dust began to settle. Dad and I couldn’t wait to check whether Mom and Faye were OK. Back in the house, everything was covered with a thick blanket of dust. Thankfully, Mom and Faye were hidden in the cellar safe and sound. Hardly had we seen each other when we all hugged together tightly, feeling grateful for being together as a family. Unfortunately, due to the dust our car suffered damage to the motor, but that was never important as long as our family stuck together in such seemingly never ending disasters.
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