2024人教版高中英语必修第三册同步练习题--UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION（答案与解析）
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| 名称 | 2024人教版高中英语必修第三册同步练习题--UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION（答案与解析） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-10-18 09:08:46 | ||
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2024人教版高中英语必修第三册同步
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
全卷满分120分 考试用时100分钟
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
A good book about space can inspire an interest in exploring the universe. If you're hoping for a holiday gift for your kids, you're in the right place.
Margaret and the Moon
Age range: 4-8
In Margaret and the Moon, Dean Robbins outlines the pioneering software engineer's life, from the backyard of her childhood home, where she put forward a million questions about the night sky, to the hallways of NASA, where she led a team from MIT to develop the onboard flight software that would land the first men on the moon.
I Am Neil Armstrong
Age range: All ages
In I Am Neil Armstrong, bestselling(畅销的) author Brad Meltzer shows kids how Neil Armstrong made it all the way to the moon. Meltzer begins the story with young Armstrong trying to climb to the top of a silver maple tree after falling and getting up. He continued this spirit throughout his career(职业).
Look Inside Space
Age range: 3 and up
For parents of young kids, Usborne's prizewinning Look Inside Space is a must to share the history and technology of space exploration with starry-eyed kids. It explores the history of human space flights and the basics of stars and planets. It's enjoyable to all space fans, but is especially good for pre-school and kindergarten-age kids.
Max Goes to the Space Station
Age range: All ages
Jeffrey Bennett's tale about a dog called Max and his adventures to the International Space Station isn't only an accurate look at what life in space is like. The book was actually sent into space and joined the station's library in 2014 as part of the Story Time from Space project. It enables readers to learn all sorts of fun facts about space.
1.What's the text mainly intended to introduce
A.How to find holiday gifts for your kids.
B.Some kids' space books for the holidays.
C.How to inspire kids' interest in the universe.
D.Some books about the theories of the universe.
2.Which book can inspire a sense of determination in readers
A.Max Goes to the Space Station.
B.Margaret and the Moon.
C.I Am Neil Armstrong.
D.Look Inside Space.
3.In which aspect is Max Goes to the Space Station different from the other three books
A.It has experienced space travel.
B.It is suitable for kids of all ages.
C.It is a biography(传记) of an astronaut.
D.It has won a prize as a bestseller.
B
The 60-foot-tall rocket took off in West Texas, sending a group of six people into space and giving them a few minutes of weightlessness before they landed by parachute(降落伞).
Most of the passengers paid a secret sum of money for their seats. But Katya Echazarreta, an engineer and science communicator, was selected by a nonprofit organization to join in this travel from a pool of thousands of applicants(申请人). The organization's goal is to send great leaders into space and allow them to experience the overview effect, which was reported by astronauts who said that viewing the Earth from space gave them a great change in their view.
“Looking down, you see everyone is down there, all of our past, all of our difficulties, everything—everything is there,” Echazarreta said. “When I came back down, it just completely strengthened my wish to continue enabling people of different backgrounds to go into space and do whatever they want.”
Echazarreta is the first Mexican-born woman to travel into space. She moved to the United States with her family at the age of seven. She recalled(回忆起) that she felt uncertain in a new place where she didn't speak the language and that a teacher warned her that she might have to repeat a grade. “It just really fueled me and after that, I just studied harder,” Echazarreta said. Later she became the main breadwinner in her family. Sometimes she had up to four jobs at the same time, just to try to successfully graduate from college.
She worked in NASA before and didn't see other female engineers like her, which inspired her to popularize science among the public. These days, Echazarreta is studying for her master's degree in engineering at Johns Hopkins University. She also has more than 330,000 fans on TikTok, and hosts a science-focused YouTube series.
4.Why was Echazarreta chosen to travel into space
A.She made great efforts to set up a nonprofit organization.
B.She supported the project with a big sum of money.
C.She was considered to be an excellent woman.
D.She was an expert in space science.
5.What was in Echazarreta's mind after she returned from space travel
A.To make women scientists known to the public.
B.To share the beauty of space on social media.
C.To encourage the public to learn science.
D.To help more people travel into space.
6.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “fueled” in Paragraph 4
A.Beat. B.Drove. C.Confused. D.Attracted.
7.What kind of person is probably Echazarreta
A.Inspiring and hardworking.
B.Humorous and outgoing.
C.Talented and creative.
D.Calm and confident.
C
Ah, the graduation day. Family parties. Student awards. Excited parents busy taking photos. Limo(豪华轿车) rides to the ceremony. All in celebration of years of hard work and the exciting things to come after primary school.
Wait, what Yes, primary school graduation ceremonies are becoming more popular than ever. And at my school, the sixth grade graduation is a serious business.
A few weeks before the sixth grade graduation, I received a special email from a parent.
“I would like to know if my boy is going to be the only kid not receiving an award on the graduation day,because I am going to save him from the embarrassment and favoritism that have been shown all year and will not have him at the graduation.”
Awards are part of the end-of-year excitement at my school and the hardest thing I have to deal with all year. Picking five out of fourteen students to be called before the whole school seems like a heartbreak for the other nine. Someone is always going to be left out and clearly, the parents feel the pressure.
I chose not to answer the email, knowing the email was sent under pressure. The boy in question would receive an award, not because of his mother's email, but because of his great achievement.
On the day of the ceremony, that boy and four others were awarded and they posed(摆好姿势) for a group photograph in new formal clothes. I sent my congratulations to all the students—without considering their achievements—on having an excellent year and wished them well at their new schools.
But as another year's graduation is coming soon, I'm left feeling uneasy. Not to take away anything from my present class of wonderful students as they prepare to head out to new schools, I believe that such ceremonies should be held at the end of high school and college. Is it too much or too soon to celebrate our children and their achievements
8.What is the purpose of the first paragraph
A.To attract readers with interesting facts.
B.To give the causes of a problem.
C.To express the main idea of the text.
D.To show the importance of the topic.
9.Why did the parent send the author the email
A.To ask him to give her son an award.
B.To complain about how her son had been treated.
C.To ask for some information about the graduation day.
D.To report her son's possible absence from the graduation.
10.What's the most difficult thing about the graduation ceremony in the author's mind
A.Dealing with emails from parents.
B.Saying goodbye to his students.
C.Deciding who will receive awards.
D.Freeing his students from pressure.
11.What's the author's attitude towards the graduation ceremony
A.It is a waste of money.
B.It is only meaningful for college graduates.
C.It is not proper for primary school graduates.
D.It is not a good way to celebrate students' achievements.
D
A demonstration mission to test an idea to clean up space debris was launched on Monday morning local time from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Known as ELSA-d, the mission will exhibit technology that could help capture space junk, the millions of pieces of orbital debris that float above Earth.
The more than 8,000 metric tons of debris threaten the loss of services we rely on for Earth-bound life.
The spacecraft works by attempting to attach itself to dead satellites and pushing them toward Earth to burn up in the atmosphere.
ELSA-d, which stands for End-of-Life Services by Astroscale, will be carried out by a “servicer satellite” and a “client satellite” launched together, according to Astroscale, the Japan-based company behind the mission. Using the magnetic docking technology, the servicer satellite will release and try to “date” with the client satellite, which will act as a model piece of space junk.
The mission, which will be run from the U.K., will carry out this catch and release process repeatedly over the course of six months. The goal is to prove the servicer satellite's ability to track down and dock with its target in varying levels of complexity.
The spacecraft is not designed to capture dead satellites already in orbit, but rather future satellites that will be launched with compatible docking plates on them.
According to NASA, cleaning up space and addressing the risks associated with debris depend on preventing the accumulation of more waste and actively removing it.
The development of other cleanup technologies has been underway for years. In 2018, a device called RemoveDebris successfully cast a net around a model satellite. The European Space Agency also plans to send a self-destructing robot into orbit in 2025, which the organization's former director general has referred to as a space “vacuum cleaner”.
These efforts could prove increasingly important as private space ventures like SpaceX continue to fill low Earth orbit with a “mega-constellation” of satellites.
12.What do we know about space junk
A.It has a potential effect on our daily life.
B.It circles the earth alongside satellites.
C.It is what astronauts desert in outer space.
D.It has been cleaned up several times so far.
13.What does the author tell us about ELSA-d in Paragraph 4
A.Its achievements in space.
B.Its theoretical principle.
C.Its two new satellites.
D.Its space mission in orbit.
14.What's the purpose of designing the spacecraft
A.To remove existing space junk in orbit.
B.To test the magnetic docking technology.
C.To send astronauts into space.
D.To capture satellites to be launched.
15.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.ELSA-d's experimental process.
B.Dead satellites floating in orbit.
C.New effort to clean up space junk.
D.The application of the magnetic docking technology.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How is eating in space different from eating on Earth
If you send astronauts into space, you have to send food as well. But what do astronauts eat, and how do they eat it Scientists take several factors into consideration as they plan meals for space.
First, nutrition(营养) is possibly the most important. 16 Providing junk food to eat, such as potato chips, sodas, and pizza, would make the astronauts unhealthy.
17 If the food that has been provided is distasteful, then the astronauts may avoid eating it. If you've ever tried to concentrate on something important while your stomach doesn't feel well, you'll know why the scientists in charge of a space mission want their astronauts to eat regularly.
The lack of gravity in a spacecraft also determines what food can or cannot be eaten in space. Meals must be packaged carefully so they won't spill into the cabin (one of the areas inside a spacecraft). Water or tiny bits of food could get inside a machine or electronic device and damage it. 18 A loose knife bouncing(弹起) around inside the cabin would be dangerous.
19 The weight of every object included in a spacecraft must be calculated(计算) in order to ensure that there is enough fuel and power to carry the craft safely into space and back home again. 20 Most food is stored in plastic bags, and often, the food is dehydrated(使脱水). When an astronaut is ready to eat, hot water is added to the meal and warm it up.
Despite all these requirements, much of the food eaten in space is actually similar to what you might eat on any given day.
A.Taste is also important.
B.Finally, weight is an important concern.
C.Food packaging is made to be as light as possible.
D.Believe it or not, they also have fresh fruit and vegetables.
E.Nutrition and practicality are important things to consider.
F.For the same reason, sharp knives and folks are never used on board.
G.Keeping astronauts' physical health is a top task for any space mission.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When the Apollo astronauts landed on the Moon in 1969, millions of people were rather sad. The person to 21 for this was an artist named Chesley Bonestell. For many years, Bonestell had been creating 22 detailed paintings of the Moon and planets. Viewers of his artworks were unhappy 23 the real Moon did not look like Bonestell's pictures of it.
As a space artist, Bonestell tried to make his drawings look exciting and as true as the Moon is. He worked closely with 24 and scientists to get the most up-to-date scientific information available. But in the 1940s and 1950s, no one had 25 another planet up close. Yet Bonestell's paintings looked so real that some people thought they were 26 .
Even though Bonestell was interested in astronomy, he did not 27 his career as a space artist. As a young man he studied architecture—the art of 28 and making buildings. In 1938 Bonestell became a special effects artist in Hollywood. It was there 29 he learned he could improve his paintings by following the methods used in the 30 .
In 1944, a popular magazine published a series of Bonestell's paintings of the planet Saturn(土星). He drew Saturn as if it were seen by someone standing on each of the planet's moons. The effects were 31 . Within a few years, Bonestell's artworks were appearing regularly in magazines and books 32 astronomy and space flights.
Many of Bonestell's artworks had been right all along. 33 the biggest surprise was the Moon. Someone asked Bonestell what he was thinking when he saw the first pictures of the Moon. “I thought how 34 I was!” he said. “My mountains were sharp(尖的), but they aren't on the Moon.”
But he shouldn't have felt bad. No space artist had ever before taken so many people to so many faraway worlds. In the years just before the first manned space flight, Bonestell's artworks prepared people for the amazing space adventure to 35 .
21.A.apply B.seek C.blame D.agree
22.A.beautifully B.mentally C.falsely D.completely
23.A.because B.though C.if D.provided
24.A.architects B.astronauts C.analysts D.astronomers
25.A.desired B.seen C.reached D.drawn
26.A.profiles B.photographs
C.posters D.patents
27.A.take on B.take in C.take up D.take off
28.A.drawing B.analysing
C.photographing D.designing
29.A.where B.which C.that D.why
30.A.magazines B.movies
C.advertisements D.media
31.A.impressive B.disappointing
C.scary D.interesting
32.A.in B.of C.at D.on
33.A.Still B.And C.But D.Even
34.A.right B.wrong C.thrilled D.successful
35.A.argue B.come C.think D.disappear
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Shenzhou ⅩⅤ 36 (astronaut) entered China Space Station on Wednesday morning and they 37 (give) warm hugs by the Shenzhou astronauts already circling for nearly six months.
After about two hours of preparatory work following the connection of the Shenzhou ⅩⅤ spaceship with China Space Station, Fei Junlong, the Shenzhou ⅩⅤ leader, 38 (open) the door of his spaceship and floated into the station.
He was welcomed by Chen Dong, leader of the Shenzhou , 39 had been waiting inside the station for a while. The two leaders hugged each other with Chen 40 (say), “Welcome! Let's hug.”
And then Chen told Fei, “There are two more people waiting for you”, referring to Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe that 41 (be) inside the station's Wentian lab module.
In the following minutes, Deng Qingming and Zhang Lu moved into the station one 42 one and they were also greeted by Chen.
The Shenzhou ⅩⅤ astronauts then entered the Wentian lab module and hugged Liu and Cai 43 (excited). They chatted for a while 44 then took a group selfie(自拍) to the clapping from ground controllers.
45 (they) meeting marked the first time that as many as six Chinese astronauts were travelling in space at the same time. Earlier, there had been at most three Chinese astronauts in space at a time.
The entire process was broadcast live on China Central Television.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假设你是李华。你班最近一次班会的主题是“太空探索的意义”。请你结合下表内容,用英语给《21世纪学生英文报》投稿,介绍你们讨论的情况并发表你的观点。
一些同学赞同 一些同学反对 你的观点
1.获得新知识; 2.给人类带来更大的生存空间。 1.耗资巨大; 2.宇航员的安全问题。 ……
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As a young boy, I was always a troublemaker and up to no good. I liked playing tricks and enjoyed treating animals in an unfriendly way, like running after cats crazily, making them scared at the sight of me. Besides, I often used a handmade catapult(弹弓) to shoot at birds in the trees.
All this not only afforded me indescribable pleasure but also got me unkind stares and blame from people around me. My parents disapproved of my behavior and were constantly criticizing me for the tricks I played. I was even given a good beating by my father from time to time. Nevertheless, I ignored their warnings and did not correct my ways until an incident occurred.
One summer's noon when I was eight, I was alone at home and just finished lunch. Feeling very hot and bored, I decided to hang around the neighborhood, holding my trusty catapult.
Soon, I came to Mr Smith's house. His pet dog, big and strong, was tied to a post outside his house, lying in the shade lazily. Looking around, I found that no one was in sight. I decided to make good use of my catapult to play tricks on the massive dog. Picking up a few small stones from the ground, I aimed at the dog and fired them one by one. Several stones hit the poor dog and it began to bark(吠) loudly in pain and jump up and down. But I felt so fun that I didn't stop doing so. Eventually, the dog's anger was fueled and it barked wildly at me while struggling to break away from the rope. Not realizing anything wrong with my crazy behavior, I was just laughing happily.
Suddenly, the rope that tied the dog loosened and the big dog got free from its bonds. In no time, with a few powerful steps the dog was on me. Its sharp teeth sank into my leg. I screamed with pain and fright and fell to the ground, shouting for help.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
Luckily,my miserable shouts caught Mr Smith's attention.
Paragraph 2:
His words left me ashamed and I decided to make a change.
答案与解析
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.A
8.A 9.B 10.C 11.C 12.A 13.B 14.D
15.C 16.G 17.A 18.F 19.B 20.C 21.C
22.A 23.A 24.D 25.B 26.B 27.C 28.D
29.C 30.B 31.A 32.D 33.C 34.B 35.B
36.astronauts 37.were given 38.opened 39.who 40.saying 41.were 42.by 43.excitedly 44.and 45.Their
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文,介绍了四本适合孩子在假期阅读的有关太空的书。
1.B 主旨大意题。根据第一段可知,本文介绍四本适合孩子在假期阅读的有关太空的书,故选B。
2.C 细节理解题。根据I Am Neil Armstrong部分中的“young Armstrong...continued this spirit throughout his career(职业)”可知,I Am Neil Armstrong这本书展示了主人公的坚定意志,可以激发读者的决心,故选C。
3.A 细节理解题。根据Max Goes to the Space Station部分中的“The book was actually sent into space...”可知,这本书的与众不同之处在于它经历过太空旅行,故选A。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了Katya Echazarreta作为优秀代表被选中去太空,返回地球后她开始致力于推广这一事业,希望更多的人能体验去太空。
4.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But Katya Echazarreta...was selected by a nonprofit organization...The organization's goal is to send great leaders into space”可知,Katya Echazarreta被一个非营利的组织选中去太空,这个组织的目的是将伟大的领导者送入太空,由此可推断出Katya Echazarreta很优秀。故选C。
5.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When I came back down...strengthened my wish to continue enabling people...to go into space”可知,从太空回来之后,Echazarreta想帮助更多的人进入太空。故选D。
6.B 词义猜测题。根据下文“and after that, I just studied harder”可知,那件事激励了她。故选B。
7.A 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Sometimes she had up to four jobs...successfully graduate from college.”可知,有时她同时有多达四份工作,只是为了成功地从大学毕业,从这里我们可以看出她很努力;从第四段她遇到的困难到最后一段中讲到的她取得的成就,我们可以看出她很鼓舞人心。故选A。
C
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。现在小学毕业典礼变得越来越普遍,也非常隆重,作者对此发表了自己的看法。
8.A 推理判断题。文章第一段列举了毕业典礼上的一些场景和活动,用一个个短语式的句子描绘了生动有趣的画面,以此来引出文章的话题,引起读者的阅读兴趣。故选A“用有趣的事实来吸引读者”。
9.B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I am going to save him from the embarrassment and favoritism that have been shown all year and will not have him at the graduation.”可知,这位发邮件的家长认为自己的孩子在学校遭受了不好的对待,并声称将不让孩子参加毕业典礼。由此可推断她发邮件是为了表达不满。故选B。
10.C 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Awards are part of the end-of-year excitement at my school and the hardest thing I have to deal with all year.”可知,作者认为关于毕业典礼最难的事情是决定班里哪些学生获奖。故选C。
11.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“...I believe that such ceremonies should be held at the end of high school and college. Is it too much or too soon to celebrate our children and their achievements ”可知,作者认为隆重的毕业典礼应该在高中毕业和大学毕业时举行,对于小学毕业生来说太早也太出格。由此可推断作者认为毕业典礼不适合小学毕业生。故选C。
D
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了名为ELSA-d的任务,这项任务将展示能够帮助捕获太空垃圾的技术。
12.A 细节理解题。根据第二段“The more than 8,000 metric tons of debris threaten the loss of services we rely on for Earth-bound life.”可知,太空垃圾有可能影响到我们的日常生活。故选A。
13.B 推理判断题。根据第四段“ELSA-d...will be carried out by a ‘servicer satellite’ and a ‘client satellite’...Using the magnetic docking technology, the servicer satellite will release and try to ‘date’ with the client satellite, which will act as a model piece of space junk.”可知,这是在介绍ELSA-d的理论原则。故选B。
14.D 细节理解题。根据第六段“The spacecraft is not designed to capture dead satellites already in orbit, but rather future satellites that will be launched with compatible docking plates on them.”可知,设计这个航天器的目的是捕获要发射的卫星。故选D。
15.C 主旨大意题。第一段点明ELSA-d任务将展示能够帮助捕获太空垃圾的技术,后面介绍了太空垃圾的不良影响、这一任务具体的操作过程以及其他清理技术的发展。由此可知,C项“清理太空垃圾的新努力”适合作文章标题。故选C。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家为宇航员规划在太空中吃的饭时需要考虑的几个因素。
16.G 上文“First, nutrition(营养) is possibly the most important.”是本段的主旨句,说明了营养是科学家在规划宇航员用餐时需要重点考虑的因素;下文“Providing junk food...the astronauts unhealthy.”说明了垃圾食品会使宇航员不健康;G选项“保持宇航员的身体健康是任何一次太空任务的首要任务”与本段主旨一致,且与后文形成对比关系,其中的“health”与后文的“unhealthy”相对应,符合题意。故选G项。
17.A 设空处为本段主旨句,后文“If the food that has been provided is distasteful, then the astronauts may avoid eating it.”说明了食物味道的重要性;A选项“味道也很重要”符合题意,其中的“Taste”与后文的“distasteful”相对应。故选A项。
18.F 前文谈到水或者小块的食物可能会进入机器或电子设备进而产生破坏;下文谈到一把松脱的刀在舱内到处弹是很危险的;F选项“同样的原因,锋利的刀叉从来不会在宇宙飞船上被使用”符合题意,其中的“knives”与下文的“knife”一致,故选F项。
19.B 后文“The weight of every object...back home again.”说明了重量也是宇航员饮食中要考虑的因素;B选项“最后,重量是一个重要的问题”与后文内容一致,且“Finally”与前文的“First”“also”呼应。故选B项。
20.C 后文“Most food is stored in plastic bags...warm it up.”说明了宇航员食物的包装和食用方式;C选项“食品包装要尽可能做轻”中的“packaging”与后文的“stored in plastic bags”相对应,故选C项。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了太空美术大师切斯利·博内斯特尔在载人宇宙飞船探索太空之前,用自己的画作让人们提前对太空有所了解,并让人们对之后的太空探索有所准备。
21.C A.申请;B.寻求;C.把……归咎于,责怪;D.同意。根据上文“millions of people were rather sad”可知,数百万人感到相当悲伤,此事应归咎于切斯利·博内斯特尔。be to blame表示“负有责任”,这里作后置定语,故选C项。
22.A A.漂亮地;B.精神上;C.错误地;D.完全地。根据下文“Bonestell tried to make his drawings look exciting and as true as the Moon is”可知,博内斯特尔为月球和行星创作的画是精美的。故选A项。
23.A 根据下文“the real Moon did not look like Bonestell's pictures of it”可知,观看作品的人不高兴是因为真正的月球和博内斯特尔的画作不像,这里是因果关系,应用连词because。
24.D A.建筑师;B.宇航员;C.分析者;D.天文学家。根据下文“get the most up-to-date scientific information available. But in the 1940s and 1950s, no one had 25 another planet up close.”可知,博内斯特尔与天文学家和科学家紧密合作,获得最新的科学信息。故选D项。
25.B 句意:但在20世纪40年代和50年代,没有人近距离看到过另一颗行星。A.渴望;B.看到;C.到达;D.画。根据语境可知选B项。
26.B A.简介;B.照片;C.海报;D.专利。根据上文“Yet Bonestell's paintings looked so real”可知,博内斯特尔的画非常真实,有些人认为它们是照片。故选B项。
27.C A.承担;B.吸收;C.开始从事;D.起飞。根据上文的Even though体现的让步关系可知,此处表示尽管博内斯特尔对天文学感兴趣,但他并没有将太空美术家作为职业。故选C项。
28.D A.画;B.分析;C.拍摄;D.设计。根据语境以及常识可知,建筑学是设计和建造建筑的艺术。故选D项。
29.C 句意:正是在那里他学会了通过遵循电影中使用的方法来改进自己的绘画。分析句子结构可知,这里为强调句型“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分.”,强调的是地点状语there,故设空处应用that。故选C项。
30.B A.杂志;B.电影;C.广告;D.媒体。根据上文“In 1938 Bonestell became a special effects artist in Hollywood.”以及常识可知,博内斯特尔在好莱坞学会了使用电影中的方法来改进自己的绘画。故选B项。
31.A A.令人印象深刻的;B.令人失望的;C.可怕的;D.有趣的。根据上文“He drew Saturn as if it were seen by someone standing on each of the planet's moons.”可知,他的画栩栩如生,效果是令人印象深刻的。故选A项。
32.D 根据下文“astronomy and space flights”可知,此处表示关于天文学和太空飞行的杂志和书籍。故选D项。
33.C 根据语境可知,空格前后是转折关系,应用连词but表示“但是”。故选C项。
34.B A.正确的;B.错误的;C.激动的;D.成功的。根据下文“My mountains were sharp, but they aren't on the Moon.”可知,此处表示博内斯特尔认为自己是错误的。故选B项。
35.B 句意:在第一次载人太空飞行之前的那些年里,博内斯特尔的艺术作品让人们为即将到来的惊人的太空探险做好了准备。A.争论;B.来;C.想;D.消失。由“before the first manned space flight”可知,这里指“即将到来的太空探险”。故选B项。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了神舟十五号和神舟十四号航天员乘组实现“太空会师”的场景。
36.astronauts 考查名词复数。astronaut意为“航天员”,为可数名词,根据常识以及下文中的they可知此处应用复数名词。故填astronauts。
37.were given 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知,设空处作谓语,此处陈述过去的事情,应用一般过去时,且主语they(神舟十五号的航天员)和give之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,主语是第三人称复数,谓语也应用复数,故填were given。
38.opened 考查动词的时态。分析句子成分可知,设空处在句中作谓语,此处陈述的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故填opened。
39.who 考查定语从句。设空处无提示词且前面有逗号,“ had been waiting inside the station for a while”中缺少主语,结合句意可推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Chen Dong,指人。故填who。
40.saying 考查现在分词。此处是with的复合结构,Chen和say之间为主动关系,应用现在分词。故填saying。
41.were 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知,设空处前面的that引导定语从句,设空处在从句中作系动词,此处描述的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时,该定语从句的先行词为Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe,关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语,故系动词应用复数形式。故填were。
42.by 考查固定短语。one by one意为“一个接一个”。故填by。
43.excitedly 考查副词。设空处修饰谓语动词hugged,应用副词。故填excitedly。
44.and 考查并列连词。句意:他们聊了一会儿,然后在地面控制人员的掌声中自拍了一张合照。“聊天”和“自拍了一张合照”是两个连续的动作,应用and连接。故填and。
45.Their 考查代词。此处指他们的会面,应用形容词性物主代词,位于句首,注意首字母要大写,故填Their。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Outer space exploration, yes or no
We had an argument over whether it is necessary to carry out outer space exploration at a class meeting the other day.
Some of us feel it important to explore outer space. Firstly, people can get a better understanding of outer space through space exploration. Secondly, space exploration can possibly bring new living space for humans.
However, others think very differently. They think this kind of exploration is much too costly. Besides, it is very dangerous for astronauts to do such work.
In my opinion, people should do some pioneering research and therefore such exploration of outer space is worth trying.
第二节
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
Luckily,my miserable shouts caught Mr Smith's attention. He dashed out of the house and freed the dog's teeth from my leg. Having caged the dog, Mr Smith rushed me to the clinic, where the doctor gave me an injection and dressed the wound carefully. On the way back home, I tearfully told Mr Smith the whole story. Not criticizing me, he looked me in the eye and said lovingly, “Animals are our friends that need our care and love and will treat us well if treated well.”
Paragraph 2:
His words left me ashamed and I decided to make a change. Instead of playing tricks on helpless animals, I did what I could to take care of them. With my father's help, I became a volunteer in our local animal shelter, feeding or walking animals. I even set aside my pocket money to contribute to charity which helps save homeless animals. Once a troublemaker, later a caregiver, I gradually won people's praise and respect I hadn't experienced before. Most importantly, never did I feel so rewarded and honored for what I did for animals.
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
2024人教版高中英语必修第三册同步
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
全卷满分120分 考试用时100分钟
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
A good book about space can inspire an interest in exploring the universe. If you're hoping for a holiday gift for your kids, you're in the right place.
Margaret and the Moon
Age range: 4-8
In Margaret and the Moon, Dean Robbins outlines the pioneering software engineer's life, from the backyard of her childhood home, where she put forward a million questions about the night sky, to the hallways of NASA, where she led a team from MIT to develop the onboard flight software that would land the first men on the moon.
I Am Neil Armstrong
Age range: All ages
In I Am Neil Armstrong, bestselling(畅销的) author Brad Meltzer shows kids how Neil Armstrong made it all the way to the moon. Meltzer begins the story with young Armstrong trying to climb to the top of a silver maple tree after falling and getting up. He continued this spirit throughout his career(职业).
Look Inside Space
Age range: 3 and up
For parents of young kids, Usborne's prizewinning Look Inside Space is a must to share the history and technology of space exploration with starry-eyed kids. It explores the history of human space flights and the basics of stars and planets. It's enjoyable to all space fans, but is especially good for pre-school and kindergarten-age kids.
Max Goes to the Space Station
Age range: All ages
Jeffrey Bennett's tale about a dog called Max and his adventures to the International Space Station isn't only an accurate look at what life in space is like. The book was actually sent into space and joined the station's library in 2014 as part of the Story Time from Space project. It enables readers to learn all sorts of fun facts about space.
1.What's the text mainly intended to introduce
A.How to find holiday gifts for your kids.
B.Some kids' space books for the holidays.
C.How to inspire kids' interest in the universe.
D.Some books about the theories of the universe.
2.Which book can inspire a sense of determination in readers
A.Max Goes to the Space Station.
B.Margaret and the Moon.
C.I Am Neil Armstrong.
D.Look Inside Space.
3.In which aspect is Max Goes to the Space Station different from the other three books
A.It has experienced space travel.
B.It is suitable for kids of all ages.
C.It is a biography(传记) of an astronaut.
D.It has won a prize as a bestseller.
B
The 60-foot-tall rocket took off in West Texas, sending a group of six people into space and giving them a few minutes of weightlessness before they landed by parachute(降落伞).
Most of the passengers paid a secret sum of money for their seats. But Katya Echazarreta, an engineer and science communicator, was selected by a nonprofit organization to join in this travel from a pool of thousands of applicants(申请人). The organization's goal is to send great leaders into space and allow them to experience the overview effect, which was reported by astronauts who said that viewing the Earth from space gave them a great change in their view.
“Looking down, you see everyone is down there, all of our past, all of our difficulties, everything—everything is there,” Echazarreta said. “When I came back down, it just completely strengthened my wish to continue enabling people of different backgrounds to go into space and do whatever they want.”
Echazarreta is the first Mexican-born woman to travel into space. She moved to the United States with her family at the age of seven. She recalled(回忆起) that she felt uncertain in a new place where she didn't speak the language and that a teacher warned her that she might have to repeat a grade. “It just really fueled me and after that, I just studied harder,” Echazarreta said. Later she became the main breadwinner in her family. Sometimes she had up to four jobs at the same time, just to try to successfully graduate from college.
She worked in NASA before and didn't see other female engineers like her, which inspired her to popularize science among the public. These days, Echazarreta is studying for her master's degree in engineering at Johns Hopkins University. She also has more than 330,000 fans on TikTok, and hosts a science-focused YouTube series.
4.Why was Echazarreta chosen to travel into space
A.She made great efforts to set up a nonprofit organization.
B.She supported the project with a big sum of money.
C.She was considered to be an excellent woman.
D.She was an expert in space science.
5.What was in Echazarreta's mind after she returned from space travel
A.To make women scientists known to the public.
B.To share the beauty of space on social media.
C.To encourage the public to learn science.
D.To help more people travel into space.
6.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “fueled” in Paragraph 4
A.Beat. B.Drove. C.Confused. D.Attracted.
7.What kind of person is probably Echazarreta
A.Inspiring and hardworking.
B.Humorous and outgoing.
C.Talented and creative.
D.Calm and confident.
C
Ah, the graduation day. Family parties. Student awards. Excited parents busy taking photos. Limo(豪华轿车) rides to the ceremony. All in celebration of years of hard work and the exciting things to come after primary school.
Wait, what Yes, primary school graduation ceremonies are becoming more popular than ever. And at my school, the sixth grade graduation is a serious business.
A few weeks before the sixth grade graduation, I received a special email from a parent.
“I would like to know if my boy is going to be the only kid not receiving an award on the graduation day,because I am going to save him from the embarrassment and favoritism that have been shown all year and will not have him at the graduation.”
Awards are part of the end-of-year excitement at my school and the hardest thing I have to deal with all year. Picking five out of fourteen students to be called before the whole school seems like a heartbreak for the other nine. Someone is always going to be left out and clearly, the parents feel the pressure.
I chose not to answer the email, knowing the email was sent under pressure. The boy in question would receive an award, not because of his mother's email, but because of his great achievement.
On the day of the ceremony, that boy and four others were awarded and they posed(摆好姿势) for a group photograph in new formal clothes. I sent my congratulations to all the students—without considering their achievements—on having an excellent year and wished them well at their new schools.
But as another year's graduation is coming soon, I'm left feeling uneasy. Not to take away anything from my present class of wonderful students as they prepare to head out to new schools, I believe that such ceremonies should be held at the end of high school and college. Is it too much or too soon to celebrate our children and their achievements
8.What is the purpose of the first paragraph
A.To attract readers with interesting facts.
B.To give the causes of a problem.
C.To express the main idea of the text.
D.To show the importance of the topic.
9.Why did the parent send the author the email
A.To ask him to give her son an award.
B.To complain about how her son had been treated.
C.To ask for some information about the graduation day.
D.To report her son's possible absence from the graduation.
10.What's the most difficult thing about the graduation ceremony in the author's mind
A.Dealing with emails from parents.
B.Saying goodbye to his students.
C.Deciding who will receive awards.
D.Freeing his students from pressure.
11.What's the author's attitude towards the graduation ceremony
A.It is a waste of money.
B.It is only meaningful for college graduates.
C.It is not proper for primary school graduates.
D.It is not a good way to celebrate students' achievements.
D
A demonstration mission to test an idea to clean up space debris was launched on Monday morning local time from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Known as ELSA-d, the mission will exhibit technology that could help capture space junk, the millions of pieces of orbital debris that float above Earth.
The more than 8,000 metric tons of debris threaten the loss of services we rely on for Earth-bound life.
The spacecraft works by attempting to attach itself to dead satellites and pushing them toward Earth to burn up in the atmosphere.
ELSA-d, which stands for End-of-Life Services by Astroscale, will be carried out by a “servicer satellite” and a “client satellite” launched together, according to Astroscale, the Japan-based company behind the mission. Using the magnetic docking technology, the servicer satellite will release and try to “date” with the client satellite, which will act as a model piece of space junk.
The mission, which will be run from the U.K., will carry out this catch and release process repeatedly over the course of six months. The goal is to prove the servicer satellite's ability to track down and dock with its target in varying levels of complexity.
The spacecraft is not designed to capture dead satellites already in orbit, but rather future satellites that will be launched with compatible docking plates on them.
According to NASA, cleaning up space and addressing the risks associated with debris depend on preventing the accumulation of more waste and actively removing it.
The development of other cleanup technologies has been underway for years. In 2018, a device called RemoveDebris successfully cast a net around a model satellite. The European Space Agency also plans to send a self-destructing robot into orbit in 2025, which the organization's former director general has referred to as a space “vacuum cleaner”.
These efforts could prove increasingly important as private space ventures like SpaceX continue to fill low Earth orbit with a “mega-constellation” of satellites.
12.What do we know about space junk
A.It has a potential effect on our daily life.
B.It circles the earth alongside satellites.
C.It is what astronauts desert in outer space.
D.It has been cleaned up several times so far.
13.What does the author tell us about ELSA-d in Paragraph 4
A.Its achievements in space.
B.Its theoretical principle.
C.Its two new satellites.
D.Its space mission in orbit.
14.What's the purpose of designing the spacecraft
A.To remove existing space junk in orbit.
B.To test the magnetic docking technology.
C.To send astronauts into space.
D.To capture satellites to be launched.
15.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.ELSA-d's experimental process.
B.Dead satellites floating in orbit.
C.New effort to clean up space junk.
D.The application of the magnetic docking technology.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How is eating in space different from eating on Earth
If you send astronauts into space, you have to send food as well. But what do astronauts eat, and how do they eat it Scientists take several factors into consideration as they plan meals for space.
First, nutrition(营养) is possibly the most important. 16 Providing junk food to eat, such as potato chips, sodas, and pizza, would make the astronauts unhealthy.
17 If the food that has been provided is distasteful, then the astronauts may avoid eating it. If you've ever tried to concentrate on something important while your stomach doesn't feel well, you'll know why the scientists in charge of a space mission want their astronauts to eat regularly.
The lack of gravity in a spacecraft also determines what food can or cannot be eaten in space. Meals must be packaged carefully so they won't spill into the cabin (one of the areas inside a spacecraft). Water or tiny bits of food could get inside a machine or electronic device and damage it. 18 A loose knife bouncing(弹起) around inside the cabin would be dangerous.
19 The weight of every object included in a spacecraft must be calculated(计算) in order to ensure that there is enough fuel and power to carry the craft safely into space and back home again. 20 Most food is stored in plastic bags, and often, the food is dehydrated(使脱水). When an astronaut is ready to eat, hot water is added to the meal and warm it up.
Despite all these requirements, much of the food eaten in space is actually similar to what you might eat on any given day.
A.Taste is also important.
B.Finally, weight is an important concern.
C.Food packaging is made to be as light as possible.
D.Believe it or not, they also have fresh fruit and vegetables.
E.Nutrition and practicality are important things to consider.
F.For the same reason, sharp knives and folks are never used on board.
G.Keeping astronauts' physical health is a top task for any space mission.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When the Apollo astronauts landed on the Moon in 1969, millions of people were rather sad. The person to 21 for this was an artist named Chesley Bonestell. For many years, Bonestell had been creating 22 detailed paintings of the Moon and planets. Viewers of his artworks were unhappy 23 the real Moon did not look like Bonestell's pictures of it.
As a space artist, Bonestell tried to make his drawings look exciting and as true as the Moon is. He worked closely with 24 and scientists to get the most up-to-date scientific information available. But in the 1940s and 1950s, no one had 25 another planet up close. Yet Bonestell's paintings looked so real that some people thought they were 26 .
Even though Bonestell was interested in astronomy, he did not 27 his career as a space artist. As a young man he studied architecture—the art of 28 and making buildings. In 1938 Bonestell became a special effects artist in Hollywood. It was there 29 he learned he could improve his paintings by following the methods used in the 30 .
In 1944, a popular magazine published a series of Bonestell's paintings of the planet Saturn(土星). He drew Saturn as if it were seen by someone standing on each of the planet's moons. The effects were 31 . Within a few years, Bonestell's artworks were appearing regularly in magazines and books 32 astronomy and space flights.
Many of Bonestell's artworks had been right all along. 33 the biggest surprise was the Moon. Someone asked Bonestell what he was thinking when he saw the first pictures of the Moon. “I thought how 34 I was!” he said. “My mountains were sharp(尖的), but they aren't on the Moon.”
But he shouldn't have felt bad. No space artist had ever before taken so many people to so many faraway worlds. In the years just before the first manned space flight, Bonestell's artworks prepared people for the amazing space adventure to 35 .
21.A.apply B.seek C.blame D.agree
22.A.beautifully B.mentally C.falsely D.completely
23.A.because B.though C.if D.provided
24.A.architects B.astronauts C.analysts D.astronomers
25.A.desired B.seen C.reached D.drawn
26.A.profiles B.photographs
C.posters D.patents
27.A.take on B.take in C.take up D.take off
28.A.drawing B.analysing
C.photographing D.designing
29.A.where B.which C.that D.why
30.A.magazines B.movies
C.advertisements D.media
31.A.impressive B.disappointing
C.scary D.interesting
32.A.in B.of C.at D.on
33.A.Still B.And C.But D.Even
34.A.right B.wrong C.thrilled D.successful
35.A.argue B.come C.think D.disappear
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Shenzhou ⅩⅤ 36 (astronaut) entered China Space Station on Wednesday morning and they 37 (give) warm hugs by the Shenzhou astronauts already circling for nearly six months.
After about two hours of preparatory work following the connection of the Shenzhou ⅩⅤ spaceship with China Space Station, Fei Junlong, the Shenzhou ⅩⅤ leader, 38 (open) the door of his spaceship and floated into the station.
He was welcomed by Chen Dong, leader of the Shenzhou , 39 had been waiting inside the station for a while. The two leaders hugged each other with Chen 40 (say), “Welcome! Let's hug.”
And then Chen told Fei, “There are two more people waiting for you”, referring to Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe that 41 (be) inside the station's Wentian lab module.
In the following minutes, Deng Qingming and Zhang Lu moved into the station one 42 one and they were also greeted by Chen.
The Shenzhou ⅩⅤ astronauts then entered the Wentian lab module and hugged Liu and Cai 43 (excited). They chatted for a while 44 then took a group selfie(自拍) to the clapping from ground controllers.
45 (they) meeting marked the first time that as many as six Chinese astronauts were travelling in space at the same time. Earlier, there had been at most three Chinese astronauts in space at a time.
The entire process was broadcast live on China Central Television.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假设你是李华。你班最近一次班会的主题是“太空探索的意义”。请你结合下表内容,用英语给《21世纪学生英文报》投稿,介绍你们讨论的情况并发表你的观点。
一些同学赞同 一些同学反对 你的观点
1.获得新知识; 2.给人类带来更大的生存空间。 1.耗资巨大; 2.宇航员的安全问题。 ……
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As a young boy, I was always a troublemaker and up to no good. I liked playing tricks and enjoyed treating animals in an unfriendly way, like running after cats crazily, making them scared at the sight of me. Besides, I often used a handmade catapult(弹弓) to shoot at birds in the trees.
All this not only afforded me indescribable pleasure but also got me unkind stares and blame from people around me. My parents disapproved of my behavior and were constantly criticizing me for the tricks I played. I was even given a good beating by my father from time to time. Nevertheless, I ignored their warnings and did not correct my ways until an incident occurred.
One summer's noon when I was eight, I was alone at home and just finished lunch. Feeling very hot and bored, I decided to hang around the neighborhood, holding my trusty catapult.
Soon, I came to Mr Smith's house. His pet dog, big and strong, was tied to a post outside his house, lying in the shade lazily. Looking around, I found that no one was in sight. I decided to make good use of my catapult to play tricks on the massive dog. Picking up a few small stones from the ground, I aimed at the dog and fired them one by one. Several stones hit the poor dog and it began to bark(吠) loudly in pain and jump up and down. But I felt so fun that I didn't stop doing so. Eventually, the dog's anger was fueled and it barked wildly at me while struggling to break away from the rope. Not realizing anything wrong with my crazy behavior, I was just laughing happily.
Suddenly, the rope that tied the dog loosened and the big dog got free from its bonds. In no time, with a few powerful steps the dog was on me. Its sharp teeth sank into my leg. I screamed with pain and fright and fell to the ground, shouting for help.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
Luckily,my miserable shouts caught Mr Smith's attention.
Paragraph 2:
His words left me ashamed and I decided to make a change.
答案与解析
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.A
8.A 9.B 10.C 11.C 12.A 13.B 14.D
15.C 16.G 17.A 18.F 19.B 20.C 21.C
22.A 23.A 24.D 25.B 26.B 27.C 28.D
29.C 30.B 31.A 32.D 33.C 34.B 35.B
36.astronauts 37.were given 38.opened 39.who 40.saying 41.were 42.by 43.excitedly 44.and 45.Their
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文,介绍了四本适合孩子在假期阅读的有关太空的书。
1.B 主旨大意题。根据第一段可知,本文介绍四本适合孩子在假期阅读的有关太空的书,故选B。
2.C 细节理解题。根据I Am Neil Armstrong部分中的“young Armstrong...continued this spirit throughout his career(职业)”可知,I Am Neil Armstrong这本书展示了主人公的坚定意志,可以激发读者的决心,故选C。
3.A 细节理解题。根据Max Goes to the Space Station部分中的“The book was actually sent into space...”可知,这本书的与众不同之处在于它经历过太空旅行,故选A。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了Katya Echazarreta作为优秀代表被选中去太空,返回地球后她开始致力于推广这一事业,希望更多的人能体验去太空。
4.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But Katya Echazarreta...was selected by a nonprofit organization...The organization's goal is to send great leaders into space”可知,Katya Echazarreta被一个非营利的组织选中去太空,这个组织的目的是将伟大的领导者送入太空,由此可推断出Katya Echazarreta很优秀。故选C。
5.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When I came back down...strengthened my wish to continue enabling people...to go into space”可知,从太空回来之后,Echazarreta想帮助更多的人进入太空。故选D。
6.B 词义猜测题。根据下文“and after that, I just studied harder”可知,那件事激励了她。故选B。
7.A 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Sometimes she had up to four jobs...successfully graduate from college.”可知,有时她同时有多达四份工作,只是为了成功地从大学毕业,从这里我们可以看出她很努力;从第四段她遇到的困难到最后一段中讲到的她取得的成就,我们可以看出她很鼓舞人心。故选A。
C
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。现在小学毕业典礼变得越来越普遍,也非常隆重,作者对此发表了自己的看法。
8.A 推理判断题。文章第一段列举了毕业典礼上的一些场景和活动,用一个个短语式的句子描绘了生动有趣的画面,以此来引出文章的话题,引起读者的阅读兴趣。故选A“用有趣的事实来吸引读者”。
9.B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I am going to save him from the embarrassment and favoritism that have been shown all year and will not have him at the graduation.”可知,这位发邮件的家长认为自己的孩子在学校遭受了不好的对待,并声称将不让孩子参加毕业典礼。由此可推断她发邮件是为了表达不满。故选B。
10.C 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Awards are part of the end-of-year excitement at my school and the hardest thing I have to deal with all year.”可知,作者认为关于毕业典礼最难的事情是决定班里哪些学生获奖。故选C。
11.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“...I believe that such ceremonies should be held at the end of high school and college. Is it too much or too soon to celebrate our children and their achievements ”可知,作者认为隆重的毕业典礼应该在高中毕业和大学毕业时举行,对于小学毕业生来说太早也太出格。由此可推断作者认为毕业典礼不适合小学毕业生。故选C。
D
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了名为ELSA-d的任务,这项任务将展示能够帮助捕获太空垃圾的技术。
12.A 细节理解题。根据第二段“The more than 8,000 metric tons of debris threaten the loss of services we rely on for Earth-bound life.”可知,太空垃圾有可能影响到我们的日常生活。故选A。
13.B 推理判断题。根据第四段“ELSA-d...will be carried out by a ‘servicer satellite’ and a ‘client satellite’...Using the magnetic docking technology, the servicer satellite will release and try to ‘date’ with the client satellite, which will act as a model piece of space junk.”可知,这是在介绍ELSA-d的理论原则。故选B。
14.D 细节理解题。根据第六段“The spacecraft is not designed to capture dead satellites already in orbit, but rather future satellites that will be launched with compatible docking plates on them.”可知,设计这个航天器的目的是捕获要发射的卫星。故选D。
15.C 主旨大意题。第一段点明ELSA-d任务将展示能够帮助捕获太空垃圾的技术,后面介绍了太空垃圾的不良影响、这一任务具体的操作过程以及其他清理技术的发展。由此可知,C项“清理太空垃圾的新努力”适合作文章标题。故选C。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家为宇航员规划在太空中吃的饭时需要考虑的几个因素。
16.G 上文“First, nutrition(营养) is possibly the most important.”是本段的主旨句,说明了营养是科学家在规划宇航员用餐时需要重点考虑的因素;下文“Providing junk food...the astronauts unhealthy.”说明了垃圾食品会使宇航员不健康;G选项“保持宇航员的身体健康是任何一次太空任务的首要任务”与本段主旨一致,且与后文形成对比关系,其中的“health”与后文的“unhealthy”相对应,符合题意。故选G项。
17.A 设空处为本段主旨句,后文“If the food that has been provided is distasteful, then the astronauts may avoid eating it.”说明了食物味道的重要性;A选项“味道也很重要”符合题意,其中的“Taste”与后文的“distasteful”相对应。故选A项。
18.F 前文谈到水或者小块的食物可能会进入机器或电子设备进而产生破坏;下文谈到一把松脱的刀在舱内到处弹是很危险的;F选项“同样的原因,锋利的刀叉从来不会在宇宙飞船上被使用”符合题意,其中的“knives”与下文的“knife”一致,故选F项。
19.B 后文“The weight of every object...back home again.”说明了重量也是宇航员饮食中要考虑的因素;B选项“最后,重量是一个重要的问题”与后文内容一致,且“Finally”与前文的“First”“also”呼应。故选B项。
20.C 后文“Most food is stored in plastic bags...warm it up.”说明了宇航员食物的包装和食用方式;C选项“食品包装要尽可能做轻”中的“packaging”与后文的“stored in plastic bags”相对应,故选C项。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了太空美术大师切斯利·博内斯特尔在载人宇宙飞船探索太空之前,用自己的画作让人们提前对太空有所了解,并让人们对之后的太空探索有所准备。
21.C A.申请;B.寻求;C.把……归咎于,责怪;D.同意。根据上文“millions of people were rather sad”可知,数百万人感到相当悲伤,此事应归咎于切斯利·博内斯特尔。be to blame表示“负有责任”,这里作后置定语,故选C项。
22.A A.漂亮地;B.精神上;C.错误地;D.完全地。根据下文“Bonestell tried to make his drawings look exciting and as true as the Moon is”可知,博内斯特尔为月球和行星创作的画是精美的。故选A项。
23.A 根据下文“the real Moon did not look like Bonestell's pictures of it”可知,观看作品的人不高兴是因为真正的月球和博内斯特尔的画作不像,这里是因果关系,应用连词because。
24.D A.建筑师;B.宇航员;C.分析者;D.天文学家。根据下文“get the most up-to-date scientific information available. But in the 1940s and 1950s, no one had 25 another planet up close.”可知,博内斯特尔与天文学家和科学家紧密合作,获得最新的科学信息。故选D项。
25.B 句意:但在20世纪40年代和50年代,没有人近距离看到过另一颗行星。A.渴望;B.看到;C.到达;D.画。根据语境可知选B项。
26.B A.简介;B.照片;C.海报;D.专利。根据上文“Yet Bonestell's paintings looked so real”可知,博内斯特尔的画非常真实,有些人认为它们是照片。故选B项。
27.C A.承担;B.吸收;C.开始从事;D.起飞。根据上文的Even though体现的让步关系可知,此处表示尽管博内斯特尔对天文学感兴趣,但他并没有将太空美术家作为职业。故选C项。
28.D A.画;B.分析;C.拍摄;D.设计。根据语境以及常识可知,建筑学是设计和建造建筑的艺术。故选D项。
29.C 句意:正是在那里他学会了通过遵循电影中使用的方法来改进自己的绘画。分析句子结构可知,这里为强调句型“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分.”,强调的是地点状语there,故设空处应用that。故选C项。
30.B A.杂志;B.电影;C.广告;D.媒体。根据上文“In 1938 Bonestell became a special effects artist in Hollywood.”以及常识可知,博内斯特尔在好莱坞学会了使用电影中的方法来改进自己的绘画。故选B项。
31.A A.令人印象深刻的;B.令人失望的;C.可怕的;D.有趣的。根据上文“He drew Saturn as if it were seen by someone standing on each of the planet's moons.”可知,他的画栩栩如生,效果是令人印象深刻的。故选A项。
32.D 根据下文“astronomy and space flights”可知,此处表示关于天文学和太空飞行的杂志和书籍。故选D项。
33.C 根据语境可知,空格前后是转折关系,应用连词but表示“但是”。故选C项。
34.B A.正确的;B.错误的;C.激动的;D.成功的。根据下文“My mountains were sharp, but they aren't on the Moon.”可知,此处表示博内斯特尔认为自己是错误的。故选B项。
35.B 句意:在第一次载人太空飞行之前的那些年里,博内斯特尔的艺术作品让人们为即将到来的惊人的太空探险做好了准备。A.争论;B.来;C.想;D.消失。由“before the first manned space flight”可知,这里指“即将到来的太空探险”。故选B项。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了神舟十五号和神舟十四号航天员乘组实现“太空会师”的场景。
36.astronauts 考查名词复数。astronaut意为“航天员”,为可数名词,根据常识以及下文中的they可知此处应用复数名词。故填astronauts。
37.were given 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知,设空处作谓语,此处陈述过去的事情,应用一般过去时,且主语they(神舟十五号的航天员)和give之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,主语是第三人称复数,谓语也应用复数,故填were given。
38.opened 考查动词的时态。分析句子成分可知,设空处在句中作谓语,此处陈述的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故填opened。
39.who 考查定语从句。设空处无提示词且前面有逗号,“ had been waiting inside the station for a while”中缺少主语,结合句意可推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为Chen Dong,指人。故填who。
40.saying 考查现在分词。此处是with的复合结构,Chen和say之间为主动关系,应用现在分词。故填saying。
41.were 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知,设空处前面的that引导定语从句,设空处在从句中作系动词,此处描述的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时,该定语从句的先行词为Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe,关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语,故系动词应用复数形式。故填were。
42.by 考查固定短语。one by one意为“一个接一个”。故填by。
43.excitedly 考查副词。设空处修饰谓语动词hugged,应用副词。故填excitedly。
44.and 考查并列连词。句意:他们聊了一会儿,然后在地面控制人员的掌声中自拍了一张合照。“聊天”和“自拍了一张合照”是两个连续的动作,应用and连接。故填and。
45.Their 考查代词。此处指他们的会面,应用形容词性物主代词,位于句首,注意首字母要大写,故填Their。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Outer space exploration, yes or no
We had an argument over whether it is necessary to carry out outer space exploration at a class meeting the other day.
Some of us feel it important to explore outer space. Firstly, people can get a better understanding of outer space through space exploration. Secondly, space exploration can possibly bring new living space for humans.
However, others think very differently. They think this kind of exploration is much too costly. Besides, it is very dangerous for astronauts to do such work.
In my opinion, people should do some pioneering research and therefore such exploration of outer space is worth trying.
第二节
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
Luckily,my miserable shouts caught Mr Smith's attention. He dashed out of the house and freed the dog's teeth from my leg. Having caged the dog, Mr Smith rushed me to the clinic, where the doctor gave me an injection and dressed the wound carefully. On the way back home, I tearfully told Mr Smith the whole story. Not criticizing me, he looked me in the eye and said lovingly, “Animals are our friends that need our care and love and will treat us well if treated well.”
Paragraph 2:
His words left me ashamed and I decided to make a change. Instead of playing tricks on helpless animals, I did what I could to take care of them. With my father's help, I became a volunteer in our local animal shelter, feeding or walking animals. I even set aside my pocket money to contribute to charity which helps save homeless animals. Once a troublemaker, later a caregiver, I gradually won people's praise and respect I hadn't experienced before. Most importantly, never did I feel so rewarded and honored for what I did for animals.
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