2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第三册同步练习题--UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE（答案与解析）
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| 名称 | 2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第三册同步练习题--UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE（答案与解析） |  | |
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| 文件大小 | 1.0MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-10-18 09:41:56 | ||
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第三册同步
UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Four Best Cooking Apps
Wolfram Culinary Mathematics Reference
Requirement: iOS 9.3+
Price: $1.99
This app will help streamline your tasks of cooking by providing you with quick access to a set of tools specially designed for kitchen efficiency.
*Get nutritional information on individual food or whole meals.
*Convert ingredient measurements (转换配料用量) to serve larger or smaller groups.
*Locate nearby grocery stores by the place or store name.
Gordon Ramsay: Cook With Me
Requirement: iOS 4.3+
Price: $5.99
There are 56 recipe videos included in the app, showing the famous professional British cook Gordon Ramsay cooking the dish to give you the confidence to cook it yourself. And now there are 8 free text recipes plus 40 paid text recipes in the app.
MealBoard
Requirement: iOS 9.0+
Price: $3.99
Store your recipes, create meal plans and grocery lists, and keep track of your pantry inventory(食品储藏室的库存). All in one app!
*Import recipes from popular recipe websites, or add your own recipes.
*Make your grocery list based on the meal plan you created and check grocery items off as you shop.
*Keep track of what you have in your pantry(食品储藏室), and record best-before dates and inventory locations.
*Email recipes, meal plans and shopping lists, and import recipes sent by other MealBoard users.
Fit Men Cook—Healthy Recipes
Requirement:iOS 10.3+
Price: $2.99
The winner of Apple App Store Best of 2015
Kevin Curry shares his journey to fitness with the Fit Men Cook community on social media and inside this app you'll find the best way to prepare 273 of his most popular recipes.
1.How much should you pay if you buy Wolfram Culinary Mathematics Reference
A.$1.99. B.$2.99. C.$3.99. D.$5.99.
2.Which app requires the highest iPhone Operation System
A.MealBoard.
B.Gordon Ramsay: Cook With Me.
C.Wolfram Culinary Mathematics Reference.
D.Fit Men Cook—Healthy Recipes.
3.What is special about Gordon Ramsay: Cook With Me
A.It can help you achieve your fitness goal.
B.It can let you learn to cook from a professional cook.
C.It can tell you where the nearest grocery store is.
D.It can remind you which ingredient will not be safe to eat soon.
B
As this year's ski season got underway, Liu Zhihua joined the crowd at a ski resort and glided fluently down the piste(滑雪道). With only a brief break, she took a quick turn, got onto a chairlift and was ready for another round.
Liu has become a star at the resort in Urumqi. Dressed in her baby blue suit and white helmet, she blends in with the other ski enthusiasts. But in fact, she is the resort's oldest skier, at age 87. Though a fluent skier now, Liu only took up the sport when she was 72. Up until then, like many old people, she had spent her days taking care of her grandchildren, watching TV or playing mahjong. Encouraged by her children, Liu got on the piste for the very first time in 2007.
“The first day was not easy. My waist and legs ached. But in the following days, I was able to walk on the skis,” Liu recalls. “After conquering the fear of falling, I became increasingly interested in it and got addicted as time passed.” Starting on the beginner slopes, Liu gradually advanced to intermediate runs, and has even got onto the advanced ones. “I've taken part in a competition twice. I didn't do it for a medal. Finishing the competition without falling is enough for me,” she says. When asked about the difficulties she had encountered during her years of skiing, Liu recalls that she fell over while going down a slope due to a lack of experience. “But skill comes from practice. Just get used to it,” she says.
For Liu, skiing is also a way to keep herself young and lively. Despite being the oldest ski enthusiast at the resort, she thinks she is just as vigorous as younger skiers. “No one can tell your age when everyone's in a ski suit with snow caps and goggles on,” says Liu with a smile. “Health and happiness are the two things that doing sports has brought to me,” she says. “I don't think age has much to do with my mindset. Old or young, I have been brave and optimistic.”
4.What can we learn about Liu Zhihua according to the text
A.Liu began to learn skiing at the age of 87.
B.Liu made the first attempt to ski in 2007.
C.Liu has never got onto the advanced runs.
D.Liu participated in the competition for a medal.
5.What does the underlined word “vigorous” probably mean in Paragraph 4
A.Satisfied. B.Curious. C.Energetic. D.Talented.
6.Which of the following best describes Liu Zhihua
A.Brave and humorous. B.Caring and considerate.
C.Kind and warm-hearted. D.Strong-willed and positive.
7.Which can be the best title for the text
A.This year's ski season gets underway
B.Doing sports brings health and happiness
C.Granny develops ageless enthusiasm for skiing
D.An 87-year-old woman becomes a skate star
C
Running has long been considered one of the most efficient, convenient, and beneficial workouts. But some claim you get more out of the classic way of exercising with a new technique—or rather a 180-degree about-face.
A study led by Dr. Gardner published in 2016 in Strength and Conditioning Journal backs this up. Researchers found that running backwards benefited athletes by improving their running economy and that by running backwards over time the athletes became better runners overall.
Unlike forward running, which generally uses the muscles in the front of the leg, running backwards primarily uses the muscles of the bottom chain, especially the calf(小腿肚) muscles and glutes. Dr. Gardner adds, “Within just a minute or two of running backwards, you'll start to feel the burn in your calves!”
Frankie Ruiz, a longtime cross-country running coach and chief running officer, explains that aside from moving in reverse, running backwards differs from regular running because it requires an entirely different combination of things to do correctly.
Running backwards may be easier for the knees. “In a backward movement, the set of muscles involved in absorbing the impact in the lower level is opposite. Your lower leg muscles are doing most of the absorption, thereby placing less stress on the knees. Running backwards will recruit lesser utilized muscles, resulting in muscle growth and toning,” says Ruiz.
“In addition to using different muscles than running forwards, running backwards enhances balance and posture, as it forces you to stay in a more upright position,” Gardner says.
As to claims that running backwards can burn more calories than forward running, Gardner says it's not so black and white. Lots of factors (including the heart rate, age, and others) affect how many calories you burn during any particular activity. “Different muscle pattern usage doesn't necessarily burn more calories. It is the intensity(强度) that matters most,” she points out.
Because running backwards causes more muscle activity than running forwards, Gardner notes it makes sense that one might burn more calories, but there's not conclusive data on exact calorie consumption differences.
8.What is the benefit of running backwards
A.It combines various muscles.
B.It can better athletes' performance.
C.It frees the front muscles of the leg.
D.It gets calf muscles and glutes burned.
9.Why is Ruiz's opinion on running backwards mentioned
A.To state more of its advantages.
B.To share his personal preference.
C.To show its promising development.
D.To introduce detailed guidance on it.
10.What can we learn from the last two paragraphs
A.Calorie consumption is difficult to measure.
B.Using different muscles can burn more calories.
C.The amount of calories burned depends on many aspects.
D.Running backwards burns more calories than running forwards.
11.Who would benefit most from this passage
A.Nutritionists pursuing a balanced diet.
B.Patients hoping to cure their injured knees.
C.Coaches intending to better their training methods.
D.Runners seeking to improve their economical situation.
D
A Good Night's Sleep
Sleep plays a vital role in good health and well-being throughout your life.While you're sleeping, your brain is forming new pathways to help you learn and remember information. Although we all know the importance of getting a good night's sleep, not all of us know the best way of getting it. A sleep expert, Phil Atherton, gave some top tips for getting the most out of the night, which will leave you ready for action in the morning.
According to Phil Atherton, not eating a large meal before bedtime is important for getting a good night's sleep. The interval between eating and sleeping should be at least three hours. So you'd better avoid eating any food three hours before bedtime, as it will lower your blood sugar during sleep and help minimize the damage from too much sugar floating around.
It's also important to find ways to prepare your body for sleep. You can follow a routine like trying not to expose yourself to too much artificial light within one hour before bedtime, as your brain uses light to help set the internal “body clock”. Although it might seem unnatural to schedule your sleep, the purpose is to send a signal to your body and mind that it's time to sleep.
Another way to prepare your body for sleep is to get into a relaxed state by taking a bath or listening to soft music. Both of them will help to take the mind off the daytime pressure.
Having a suitable bed, especially a suitable mattress (床垫), is necessary for a good night's sleep. Sleep is a personalized activity, and we all adopt different sleeping positions. Finding the mattress that suits you will reduce back pains that can result from a poor sleeping position. The bed should be four to six inches longer than its tallest user, allowing for space to move around.
The recent research is pretty clear that a good night's sleep is a major component of good health. Since the start of the 21st century, studies have linked a lack of sleep to many diseases, such as diabetes and obesity. Taking action now will lead to long-term benefits for you and those around you.
12.What does the author intend to tell us in the passage
A.When to have a good night's sleep.
B.How to get a good night's sleep.
C.What to do with sleep problems.
D.Why to form a good habit of sleeping.
13.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A.Not eating food. B.Having a meal.
C.The food. D.The bed.
14.According to the author, before going to sleep, you'd better .
A.free yourself from tension
B.check your blood sugar
C.relieve your pain in the back
D.record your biological clock
15.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage
CP:Central Point P:Point
Sp:Sub-point (次要点) C:Conclusion
A. B.
C. D.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
One Thing You Can Do Right Now to Help Your Heart
Many diseases and medical conditions are caused by things out of our control. Yet experts say you can control and even prevent many risk factors that increase your chances of dying.
An unhealthy lifestyle can put you at great risk of heart disease and the stroke. Poor diet and a lack of physical exercise both increase your risk of heart disease. 16
But there is something else you can do. And it is free and easy. Smile! Anand, a heart disease specialist at the University of Missouri, advises his patients to smile. “When we smile, the chemicals that are released are more positive.”
17 These prevent blood from flowing to the heart or the brain. The most common reason for these blockages is a build-up of fatty deposits on the inner walls of the arteries(动脉).
When you feel stressed or under pressure, your body releases many natural hormones (荷尔蒙) that will increase your heart rate and blood pressure and also increase sugar in the bloodstream. If you are truly in danger, these hormones can help you. 18 However, when people are stressed for long periods of time, they may not make the best decisions about what to eat. They may overeat, smoke or drink too much alcohol. They may not get enough exercise or sleep. 19
Dr. Anand says a smile may be one way to help. It does not involve drugs. It is not invasive like a surgical operation. It is free and it has no bad side effects. Once smiling, people are relaxed. 20 Probably this just may provide a little extra protection for everyone's heart health.
A.And all of these can lead to health problems.
B.This can inspire people's excitement and power.
C.They are part of what we call our fight-or-flight response.
D.They can't prevent heart disease and stokes from happening.
E.The main cause of heart attacks and strokes is blockages in blood vessels.
F.This relaxation directly lowers blood pressure and improves sugar levels in the blood.
G.So doctors urge us to eat healthy foods, get exercise, stop smoking and limit our alcohol intake.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
How long can human beings live Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is 21 to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live—if he or she is 22 healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years!Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce 23 . They wear out, and as a result, we get old and 24 die.
Even though we can't live forever, we are living a 25 life than ever before. In 1900, the average American lifespan(寿命)was only 47 years, but today it is 78 years!
When does old age begin then Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the 26 line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people don't begin to experience physical and mental 27 until after age 75.
People are living longer because more people 28 childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood 29 . Now that the chances of dying 30 are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.
On the whole, our population is getting older. The 31 in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see 32 , not disaster. Today, many men and women in their“golden years”are healthy, still active, and young in 33 if not in age.
As our society grows old, we need the 34 of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to 35 active and be devoted.
21.A.designed B.selected
C.improved D.discovered
22.A.completely B.generally
C.apparently D.extremely
23.A.rapidly B.harmlessly C.endlessly D.separately
24.A.eventually B.hopelessly
C.automatically D.desperately
25.A.busier B.longer C.richer D.happier
26.A.finishing B.guiding C.waiting D.dividing
27.A.stress B.damage C.decline D.failure
28.A.survive B.enjoy C.remember D.value
29.A.pains B.fears C.worries D.diseases
30.A.poor B.young C.sick D.quiet
31.A.changes B.recovery C.safety D.increases
32.A.dreams B.chances C.strengths D.choices
33.A.mind B.appearance C.voice D.movement
34.A.protection B.suggestions
C.contributions D.permission
35.A.sound B.appear C.turn D.stay
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Up to 82 percent of children with healthy mothers are not easy to be obese(肥胖的), according to research. A mother, 36 has a healthy weight, exercises regularly, eats a healthy diet, doesn't smoke cigarettes and 37 (drink) wine in moderation, is significantly less likely 38 (have) a fat child.
And research suggests it could have more to do with nurture(养育) 39 nature, as a mother's lifestyle appears 40 (direct) linked to the health of her child. When both a mother and her child follow a healthy lifestyle, the risk of obesity is reduced even more, the study of more than 24,000 children found.
The study examined the medical history and lifestyles of more than 24,000 children 41 (age)nine to fourteen, born to almost 17,000 women in the US. Researchers studied the link between a mother's overall health 42 the likelihood(可能性) of a child 43 (be) obese.
The mother's health is judged from her height-to-weight ratio(比例), diet, amount of physical 44 (active), smoking status and how much alcohol she drinks. A healthy weight and diet, regular exercise, no smoking and moderate drinking all reduce the chance of a woman having 45 obese child.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假如你是李华,你的澳大利亚笔友David在邮件中透露,他觉得他的朋友吸烟很酷,也想尝试一下,为此征求你的意见。请你根据以下提示,给David回一封邮件,劝他不要吸烟。
写作要点:
1.吸烟危害大,会影响自身及他人的健康;2.一旦上瘾,很难戒除;3.提倡健康、积极的生活方式。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear David,
I have learned from your email that you want to try smoking as you think it is very cool.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A few years ago, my wife Sue had some fairly serious health problems. She had suffered surgery after surgery and had also put on weight for several years. Diets had not helped her.
One day we sat down and drew up a “wish list” of the things we wanted most out of life. One of Sue's items was to run in a marathon. Given her history and physical limitations, I thought her goal was completely unrealistic, but Sue became committed to it.
She began by running very slowly around. Every day she ran just a little farther than she had the day before—just one driveway more. “When will I ever be able to run a mile ” Sue asked one day. Soon she was running three. Then five. “We can change ourselves for the better and cause ourselves to pursue our most precious desires with almost total success,” Sue said and registered to run in the St. George Marathon in southern Utah.
I drove on the mountainous road from Cedar City to St. George. When the marathon began, I parked the car near the finish line and waited for Sue to come in. Five hours later, it was raining steadily and the wind was cold. Several cold and injured runners had been transported past me, and I began to panic. The image of Sue, alone and cold, off the road somewhere, made me sick with worry. The fast and strong competitors had finished long ago, and runners were becoming fewer and fewer. Now I could not see anyone in either direction.
Almost all of the cars along the marathon route had left, and some normal traffic was beginning. I was able to drive directly up the race route. There were still no runners in view after driving almost two miles. Then I went around a bend in the road and spotted two runners running up ahead.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
It was Sue in the company of a girl runner, struggling.
Paragraph 2:
At the finish line, the girl hugged Sue, “You made me believe we could do it.”
答案全解全析
UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
1.A 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.C
8.B 9.A 10.C 11.C 12.B 13.A 14.A
15.C 16.G 17.E 18.C 19.A 20.F 21.A
22.D 23.C 24.A 25.B 26.D 27.C 28.A
29.D 30.B 31.A 32.B 33.A 34.C 35.D
36.who 37.drinks 38.to have 39.than 40.directly 41.aged 42.and 43.being 44.activity 45.an
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 这是一篇应用文,主要介绍了四个最佳的烹饪应用程序。
1.A 细节理解题。根据Wolfram Culinary Mathematics Reference中的“Price:$1.99(价格:1.99美元)”可知,Wolfram Culinary Mathematics Reference这款应用程序的价格为1.99美元,故选A。
2.D 细节理解题。根据Wolfram Culinary Mathematics Reference中的“Requirement: iOS 9.3+”、Gordon Ramsay: Cook With Me中的“Requirement: iOS 4.3+”、MealBoard中的“Requirement: iOS 9.0+”以及Fit Men Cook—Healthy Recipes中的“Requirement: iOS 10.3+”可知,Fit Men Cook—Healthy Recipes对操作系统的要求最高。故选D。
3.B 细节理解题。Gordon Ramsay:Cook With Me这个应用程序包含56个食谱视频,展示了英国著名职业厨师Gordon Ramsay亲手烹饪的过程,让你有信心亲自下厨。由此可知Gordon Ramsay: Cook With Me这款应用程序可以让你向职业厨师学习烹饪。故选B。
B
◎语篇解读 这是一篇新闻报道,讲述了一位87岁的老奶奶在72岁时迷上滑雪并一直坚持的故事。
4.B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句可知,在2007年,刘志华第一次尝试滑雪。故选B。
5.C 词义猜测题。画线词所在句子的上一句提到对于刘志华来说,滑雪也是一种让自己保持年轻和充满活力的方式,再由画线词上文“Despite being the oldest ski enthusiast at the resort”可知她是滑雪场最年长的滑雪爱好者,但她认为自己和年轻的滑雪者一样精力充沛。所以画线词意为“精力充沛的”。故选C。
6.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“...Liu recalls that she fell over while going down a slope due to a lack of experience. ‘But skill comes from practice. Just get used to it,’ she says.”可知她意志坚强,根据最后一段中的“I don't think age has much to do with my mindset. Old or young, I have been brave and optimistic.”可知她积极乐观。故选D。
7.C 主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了一位87岁的老奶奶在72岁时迷上滑雪,对滑雪产生了热情并一直坚持的故事。由此可知,C项“奶奶对滑雪产生了永恒的热情”最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
C
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了倒着跑步的好处并分析了形成这些好处的原因。
8.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Researchers found...by running backwards over time the athletes became better runners overall.”可知随着时间的推移,通过向后跑,运动员整体上会成为更好的跑步运动员,也就是向后跑能使运动员的表现更好。故选B项。
9.A 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“In a backward movement...resulting in muscle growth and toning”可知向后跑可以减轻膝盖的压力,还会使肌肉生长和强健,由此可知提到Ruiz的观点是为了陈述更多向后跑的好处。故选A项。
10.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Lots of factors (including the heart rate, age, and others) affect how many calories you burn during any particular activity.”可知许多因素(包括心率、年龄和其他)都会影响你在任何特定活动中燃烧的卡路里量,所以,卡路里燃烧的量取决于很多因素。故选C项。
11.C 推理判断题。本文第二段中提到了研究人员的发现(通过提高运动员的跑步经济性,向后跑可以使运动员受益,随着时间的推移,通过向后跑,运动员整体上会成为更好的跑步运动员),由此可推断,打算优化训练方法的教练可以考虑用此方法训练运动员。故选C项。
D
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,文章强调了睡眠与健康生活的密切关系,并就如何提高睡眠质量提出了几点建议。
12.B 主旨大意题。通读文章可知,第一段提出好的睡眠有利于身体健康,第二至五段提出了几个提高睡眠质量的建议,第六段进行总结,说明好的睡眠和健康之间的关系,并发出号召。故选B(如何好好睡一晚)。
13.A 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的第三句“所以你最好在睡觉前三小时避免吃任何东西,因为那会降低睡眠时血糖浓度并有助于最大限度地减少过多糖分流动造成的伤害。”以及常识可知,it指代的是上文说的不要吃东西,故选A。
14.A 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Another way...relaxed state”和“take the mind off the daytime pressure”可知,睡前要放松,不要紧张。故选A。
15.C 推理判断题。文章首段提出好的睡眠有利于身体健康,这一点可看作中心点(CP)。后面说明如何获得好的睡眠:第二段从饮食方面入手:睡前三小时别吃东西,这一段可看作第一个要点(P1);第三段和第四段都是阐述如何去让身体做好睡觉的准备:可以减少接触光源,也可以听轻音乐或洗澡来放松你的状态,这两段可以看成一个要点(P2)下的两个次要点(Sp1和 Sp2);第五段从准备一张合适的床垫这一方面进行阐述,这一段可看作第三个要点(P3)。尾段总结:进一步强调睡眠质量与健康的关系(Conclusion)。故C项正确。
第二节
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了引起心脏病的一些原因及微笑是一种改善心脏健康的有效方式。
16.G 设空处上一句提到“不健康的饮食和缺乏体育锻炼都会增加患心脏病的风险”,G项“所以医生力劝我们要吃健康的食物,进行锻炼,戒烟并限制酒精摄入”与设空处上一句构成因果关系,故选G。
17.E 设空处下文提到“这些阻止血液流向心脏或大脑。这些阻塞最常见的原因是脂肪逐渐沉积在动脉内壁上”,E项点出了心脏病发作和中风的主要原因是血管堵塞,下文接着说明了这些堵塞产生的后果以及形成原因。设空处下一句中的These指的就是E项中的blockages。故选E。
18.C 设空处上一句提到“如果你真的处于危险之中,这些荷尔蒙可以帮助你”,这说明这些荷尔蒙在一些情况下是有益的,C项“它们是我们所谓的战斗或逃跑反应的一部分”与上文衔接紧密、符合语境。C项中的They指的就是设空处上一句中的these hormones。故选C。
19.A 设空处上文提到“他们可能会吃得过量,吸烟或喝大量的酒。他们可能没有得到足够的锻炼和睡眠”,A项“所有的这些都会导致健康问题”指出了上文谈到的做法产生的结果。故选A。
20.F 设空处上一句提到“一旦微笑,人们就会放松”,F项“这种放松能直接地降低血压,改善血糖水平”说明了设空处上一句中提到的放松带来的好处。故选F。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 本文为说明文,说明的是关于人类寿命的问题。美国人的平均寿命已由1900年的47岁增加到了现在的78岁,是什么让人类的寿命得以延长呢 人类寿命的普遍延长对社会又有着怎样的影响呢
21.A 由语境可推断句意为“大多数研究老年的科学家认为人类的身体被‘设计’成有不超过120岁的寿命”。B.挑选;C.改进;D.发现。
22.D 由上下文可推断这里意为“如果他/她极其健康而且幸运的话,他/她最多有望活到110岁”。A.完全地;B.普遍地;C.显然。
23.C 由下文内容“我们会渐渐老去最终死亡”可以推断这里指“我们的细胞不能无休止地繁殖”,故选用endlessly。A.迅速地;B.无害地;D.单独地。
24.A A.最终;B.绝望地;C.自动地;D.绝望地。结合语境可知A项正确。
25.B 由后面的“than”及下一句的内容可知应用longer。
26.D 由下文“中年”和“老年”可知此处表示“分界线(dividing line)”。
27.C 结合语境可推知该句意为“毕竟许多老年人直到75岁以后才开始经历身体和精神上的‘衰退’”,故用decline。A.压力;B.损坏;D.失败。
28.A 由下文的内容特别是关键词“died of”和“dying”可知选A。
29.D 根据本空前出现的“died of”,并结合语境可知此处应填“疾病(diseases)”。
30.B 前文提到“many children died of common childhood 29 ”,后文信息表明这种情况有了改善,根据上下文信息可以推断此空应填young。
31.A 下一句中出现了“such changes”,根据对上下文的分析可以推断本空考查的是词汇的复现,故用changes。
32.B 此空与后面的“disaster(不幸)”相对应,根据上下文的内容,四个选项中只有“chances(机遇)”最为合适。A.梦想;C.优势;D.选择。
33.A 前文提到老年人仍然健康、活跃,此处表示即便不再年轻,也可以保持年轻的心态。A.心态;B.外表;C.嗓音;D.动作。
34.C 由文章结尾处的“devoted(全心全意的)”可以推测出本题答案。
35.D stay意为“保持……(状态)”,符合语境。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,研究发现保持正常的体重和饮食、定期锻炼、不吸烟以及适度饮酒的女性的孩子患肥胖症的概率较低。
36.who 考查定语从句。句意:一个体重正常、经常锻炼、饮食健康、不吸烟且适量饮酒的母亲的孩子肥胖的可能性要小得多。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词为mother,指人,故填关系代词who。
37.drinks 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知设空处与has、exercises、eats和doesn't smoke并列作定语从句中的谓语,故用一般现在时。主语表单数意义,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故填drinks。
38.to have 考查不定式。be likely to do sth.可能做某事。
39.than 考查介词。句意:研究表明,和天性相比,这可能更多地与养育有关,因为母亲的生活方式似乎与孩子的健康直接相关。根据空前的more判断此处填than,表示比较。
40.directly 考查副词。修饰linked应该用副词形式。故填directly。
41.aged 考查形容词。句意:这项研究调查了美国差不多17,000名妇女所生的24,000多名9到14岁的儿童的病史和生活方式。分析句子结构可知, 41 nine to fourteen作后置定语,修饰children,表示9到14岁的儿童,所以设空处应用形容词aged,表示“……岁的”。
42.and 考查连词。 句意:研究人员研究了母亲的整体健康状况与孩子肥胖的可能性之间的联系。the link between...and...表示“……与……之间的联系”。
43.being 考查动名词。句意见上一题。空格处作介词of的宾语,故用动名词形式,其中a child是动名词的逻辑主语。故填being。
44.activity 考查名词。句意:母亲的健康状况根据她的身高体重比、饮食、运动量、吸烟情况和饮酒量来判断。根据前面的amount of判断此处应用名词activity,physical activity意为“体育活动”,此时的activity为不可数名词。
45.an 考查冠词。child是单数可数名词,此处泛指一个肥胖的孩子,而且obese以元音音素开头。故填an。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Dear David,
I have learned from your email that you want to try smoking as you think it is very cool. As far as I can see, smoking is a bad habit.
It is widely believed that smoking has harmful effects on one's body. It can do terrible damage to your heart, and even cause cancer. Additionally, smoking will affect the health of your family members.What's worse, you will find it hard to give up once you are addicted to smoking.
I suggest you live a healthy and active life. You'd better often take part in sports to build yourself up and develop some healthy hobbies to enjoy life.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
It was Sue in the company of a girl runner, struggling. As I approached them, I noticed the pair dragging their feet and running forward awkwardly with their shoes wet. I pulled off and called, “Are you okay ” “Oh, yes!” Sue said, almost out of breath. The girl also nodded and kept moving. I had wanted to offer them a ride, but the resolve in their eyes made me swallow back the words. I turned around and followed. Inch by inch, they were getting closer to the finish line. Eventually, the real winners in my heart ran past the finish line.
Paragraph 2:
At the finish line, the girl hugged Sue, “You made me believe we could do it.” She added, “Sue described so vividly how it would be to finish that I knew I could do it.” Sue smiled back. “I've been dreaming about this day for two years and I shall not be denied.” Greatly moved, the girl promised she would never quit anything easily without total success. At that moment, I looked at Sue and found she was carrying herself differently. It was not as if she had become someone new; it was more as if she had discovered a real self she had not known before. She truly liked her newly-discovered self. So did I.
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第三册同步
UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Four Best Cooking Apps
Wolfram Culinary Mathematics Reference
Requirement: iOS 9.3+
Price: $1.99
This app will help streamline your tasks of cooking by providing you with quick access to a set of tools specially designed for kitchen efficiency.
*Get nutritional information on individual food or whole meals.
*Convert ingredient measurements (转换配料用量) to serve larger or smaller groups.
*Locate nearby grocery stores by the place or store name.
Gordon Ramsay: Cook With Me
Requirement: iOS 4.3+
Price: $5.99
There are 56 recipe videos included in the app, showing the famous professional British cook Gordon Ramsay cooking the dish to give you the confidence to cook it yourself. And now there are 8 free text recipes plus 40 paid text recipes in the app.
MealBoard
Requirement: iOS 9.0+
Price: $3.99
Store your recipes, create meal plans and grocery lists, and keep track of your pantry inventory(食品储藏室的库存). All in one app!
*Import recipes from popular recipe websites, or add your own recipes.
*Make your grocery list based on the meal plan you created and check grocery items off as you shop.
*Keep track of what you have in your pantry(食品储藏室), and record best-before dates and inventory locations.
*Email recipes, meal plans and shopping lists, and import recipes sent by other MealBoard users.
Fit Men Cook—Healthy Recipes
Requirement:iOS 10.3+
Price: $2.99
The winner of Apple App Store Best of 2015
Kevin Curry shares his journey to fitness with the Fit Men Cook community on social media and inside this app you'll find the best way to prepare 273 of his most popular recipes.
1.How much should you pay if you buy Wolfram Culinary Mathematics Reference
A.$1.99. B.$2.99. C.$3.99. D.$5.99.
2.Which app requires the highest iPhone Operation System
A.MealBoard.
B.Gordon Ramsay: Cook With Me.
C.Wolfram Culinary Mathematics Reference.
D.Fit Men Cook—Healthy Recipes.
3.What is special about Gordon Ramsay: Cook With Me
A.It can help you achieve your fitness goal.
B.It can let you learn to cook from a professional cook.
C.It can tell you where the nearest grocery store is.
D.It can remind you which ingredient will not be safe to eat soon.
B
As this year's ski season got underway, Liu Zhihua joined the crowd at a ski resort and glided fluently down the piste(滑雪道). With only a brief break, she took a quick turn, got onto a chairlift and was ready for another round.
Liu has become a star at the resort in Urumqi. Dressed in her baby blue suit and white helmet, she blends in with the other ski enthusiasts. But in fact, she is the resort's oldest skier, at age 87. Though a fluent skier now, Liu only took up the sport when she was 72. Up until then, like many old people, she had spent her days taking care of her grandchildren, watching TV or playing mahjong. Encouraged by her children, Liu got on the piste for the very first time in 2007.
“The first day was not easy. My waist and legs ached. But in the following days, I was able to walk on the skis,” Liu recalls. “After conquering the fear of falling, I became increasingly interested in it and got addicted as time passed.” Starting on the beginner slopes, Liu gradually advanced to intermediate runs, and has even got onto the advanced ones. “I've taken part in a competition twice. I didn't do it for a medal. Finishing the competition without falling is enough for me,” she says. When asked about the difficulties she had encountered during her years of skiing, Liu recalls that she fell over while going down a slope due to a lack of experience. “But skill comes from practice. Just get used to it,” she says.
For Liu, skiing is also a way to keep herself young and lively. Despite being the oldest ski enthusiast at the resort, she thinks she is just as vigorous as younger skiers. “No one can tell your age when everyone's in a ski suit with snow caps and goggles on,” says Liu with a smile. “Health and happiness are the two things that doing sports has brought to me,” she says. “I don't think age has much to do with my mindset. Old or young, I have been brave and optimistic.”
4.What can we learn about Liu Zhihua according to the text
A.Liu began to learn skiing at the age of 87.
B.Liu made the first attempt to ski in 2007.
C.Liu has never got onto the advanced runs.
D.Liu participated in the competition for a medal.
5.What does the underlined word “vigorous” probably mean in Paragraph 4
A.Satisfied. B.Curious. C.Energetic. D.Talented.
6.Which of the following best describes Liu Zhihua
A.Brave and humorous. B.Caring and considerate.
C.Kind and warm-hearted. D.Strong-willed and positive.
7.Which can be the best title for the text
A.This year's ski season gets underway
B.Doing sports brings health and happiness
C.Granny develops ageless enthusiasm for skiing
D.An 87-year-old woman becomes a skate star
C
Running has long been considered one of the most efficient, convenient, and beneficial workouts. But some claim you get more out of the classic way of exercising with a new technique—or rather a 180-degree about-face.
A study led by Dr. Gardner published in 2016 in Strength and Conditioning Journal backs this up. Researchers found that running backwards benefited athletes by improving their running economy and that by running backwards over time the athletes became better runners overall.
Unlike forward running, which generally uses the muscles in the front of the leg, running backwards primarily uses the muscles of the bottom chain, especially the calf(小腿肚) muscles and glutes. Dr. Gardner adds, “Within just a minute or two of running backwards, you'll start to feel the burn in your calves!”
Frankie Ruiz, a longtime cross-country running coach and chief running officer, explains that aside from moving in reverse, running backwards differs from regular running because it requires an entirely different combination of things to do correctly.
Running backwards may be easier for the knees. “In a backward movement, the set of muscles involved in absorbing the impact in the lower level is opposite. Your lower leg muscles are doing most of the absorption, thereby placing less stress on the knees. Running backwards will recruit lesser utilized muscles, resulting in muscle growth and toning,” says Ruiz.
“In addition to using different muscles than running forwards, running backwards enhances balance and posture, as it forces you to stay in a more upright position,” Gardner says.
As to claims that running backwards can burn more calories than forward running, Gardner says it's not so black and white. Lots of factors (including the heart rate, age, and others) affect how many calories you burn during any particular activity. “Different muscle pattern usage doesn't necessarily burn more calories. It is the intensity(强度) that matters most,” she points out.
Because running backwards causes more muscle activity than running forwards, Gardner notes it makes sense that one might burn more calories, but there's not conclusive data on exact calorie consumption differences.
8.What is the benefit of running backwards
A.It combines various muscles.
B.It can better athletes' performance.
C.It frees the front muscles of the leg.
D.It gets calf muscles and glutes burned.
9.Why is Ruiz's opinion on running backwards mentioned
A.To state more of its advantages.
B.To share his personal preference.
C.To show its promising development.
D.To introduce detailed guidance on it.
10.What can we learn from the last two paragraphs
A.Calorie consumption is difficult to measure.
B.Using different muscles can burn more calories.
C.The amount of calories burned depends on many aspects.
D.Running backwards burns more calories than running forwards.
11.Who would benefit most from this passage
A.Nutritionists pursuing a balanced diet.
B.Patients hoping to cure their injured knees.
C.Coaches intending to better their training methods.
D.Runners seeking to improve their economical situation.
D
A Good Night's Sleep
Sleep plays a vital role in good health and well-being throughout your life.While you're sleeping, your brain is forming new pathways to help you learn and remember information. Although we all know the importance of getting a good night's sleep, not all of us know the best way of getting it. A sleep expert, Phil Atherton, gave some top tips for getting the most out of the night, which will leave you ready for action in the morning.
According to Phil Atherton, not eating a large meal before bedtime is important for getting a good night's sleep. The interval between eating and sleeping should be at least three hours. So you'd better avoid eating any food three hours before bedtime, as it will lower your blood sugar during sleep and help minimize the damage from too much sugar floating around.
It's also important to find ways to prepare your body for sleep. You can follow a routine like trying not to expose yourself to too much artificial light within one hour before bedtime, as your brain uses light to help set the internal “body clock”. Although it might seem unnatural to schedule your sleep, the purpose is to send a signal to your body and mind that it's time to sleep.
Another way to prepare your body for sleep is to get into a relaxed state by taking a bath or listening to soft music. Both of them will help to take the mind off the daytime pressure.
Having a suitable bed, especially a suitable mattress (床垫), is necessary for a good night's sleep. Sleep is a personalized activity, and we all adopt different sleeping positions. Finding the mattress that suits you will reduce back pains that can result from a poor sleeping position. The bed should be four to six inches longer than its tallest user, allowing for space to move around.
The recent research is pretty clear that a good night's sleep is a major component of good health. Since the start of the 21st century, studies have linked a lack of sleep to many diseases, such as diabetes and obesity. Taking action now will lead to long-term benefits for you and those around you.
12.What does the author intend to tell us in the passage
A.When to have a good night's sleep.
B.How to get a good night's sleep.
C.What to do with sleep problems.
D.Why to form a good habit of sleeping.
13.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A.Not eating food. B.Having a meal.
C.The food. D.The bed.
14.According to the author, before going to sleep, you'd better .
A.free yourself from tension
B.check your blood sugar
C.relieve your pain in the back
D.record your biological clock
15.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage
CP:Central Point P:Point
Sp:Sub-point (次要点) C:Conclusion
A. B.
C. D.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
One Thing You Can Do Right Now to Help Your Heart
Many diseases and medical conditions are caused by things out of our control. Yet experts say you can control and even prevent many risk factors that increase your chances of dying.
An unhealthy lifestyle can put you at great risk of heart disease and the stroke. Poor diet and a lack of physical exercise both increase your risk of heart disease. 16
But there is something else you can do. And it is free and easy. Smile! Anand, a heart disease specialist at the University of Missouri, advises his patients to smile. “When we smile, the chemicals that are released are more positive.”
17 These prevent blood from flowing to the heart or the brain. The most common reason for these blockages is a build-up of fatty deposits on the inner walls of the arteries(动脉).
When you feel stressed or under pressure, your body releases many natural hormones (荷尔蒙) that will increase your heart rate and blood pressure and also increase sugar in the bloodstream. If you are truly in danger, these hormones can help you. 18 However, when people are stressed for long periods of time, they may not make the best decisions about what to eat. They may overeat, smoke or drink too much alcohol. They may not get enough exercise or sleep. 19
Dr. Anand says a smile may be one way to help. It does not involve drugs. It is not invasive like a surgical operation. It is free and it has no bad side effects. Once smiling, people are relaxed. 20 Probably this just may provide a little extra protection for everyone's heart health.
A.And all of these can lead to health problems.
B.This can inspire people's excitement and power.
C.They are part of what we call our fight-or-flight response.
D.They can't prevent heart disease and stokes from happening.
E.The main cause of heart attacks and strokes is blockages in blood vessels.
F.This relaxation directly lowers blood pressure and improves sugar levels in the blood.
G.So doctors urge us to eat healthy foods, get exercise, stop smoking and limit our alcohol intake.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
How long can human beings live Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is 21 to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live—if he or she is 22 healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years!Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce 23 . They wear out, and as a result, we get old and 24 die.
Even though we can't live forever, we are living a 25 life than ever before. In 1900, the average American lifespan(寿命)was only 47 years, but today it is 78 years!
When does old age begin then Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the 26 line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people don't begin to experience physical and mental 27 until after age 75.
People are living longer because more people 28 childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood 29 . Now that the chances of dying 30 are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.
On the whole, our population is getting older. The 31 in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see 32 , not disaster. Today, many men and women in their“golden years”are healthy, still active, and young in 33 if not in age.
As our society grows old, we need the 34 of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to 35 active and be devoted.
21.A.designed B.selected
C.improved D.discovered
22.A.completely B.generally
C.apparently D.extremely
23.A.rapidly B.harmlessly C.endlessly D.separately
24.A.eventually B.hopelessly
C.automatically D.desperately
25.A.busier B.longer C.richer D.happier
26.A.finishing B.guiding C.waiting D.dividing
27.A.stress B.damage C.decline D.failure
28.A.survive B.enjoy C.remember D.value
29.A.pains B.fears C.worries D.diseases
30.A.poor B.young C.sick D.quiet
31.A.changes B.recovery C.safety D.increases
32.A.dreams B.chances C.strengths D.choices
33.A.mind B.appearance C.voice D.movement
34.A.protection B.suggestions
C.contributions D.permission
35.A.sound B.appear C.turn D.stay
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Up to 82 percent of children with healthy mothers are not easy to be obese(肥胖的), according to research. A mother, 36 has a healthy weight, exercises regularly, eats a healthy diet, doesn't smoke cigarettes and 37 (drink) wine in moderation, is significantly less likely 38 (have) a fat child.
And research suggests it could have more to do with nurture(养育) 39 nature, as a mother's lifestyle appears 40 (direct) linked to the health of her child. When both a mother and her child follow a healthy lifestyle, the risk of obesity is reduced even more, the study of more than 24,000 children found.
The study examined the medical history and lifestyles of more than 24,000 children 41 (age)nine to fourteen, born to almost 17,000 women in the US. Researchers studied the link between a mother's overall health 42 the likelihood(可能性) of a child 43 (be) obese.
The mother's health is judged from her height-to-weight ratio(比例), diet, amount of physical 44 (active), smoking status and how much alcohol she drinks. A healthy weight and diet, regular exercise, no smoking and moderate drinking all reduce the chance of a woman having 45 obese child.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假如你是李华,你的澳大利亚笔友David在邮件中透露,他觉得他的朋友吸烟很酷,也想尝试一下,为此征求你的意见。请你根据以下提示,给David回一封邮件,劝他不要吸烟。
写作要点:
1.吸烟危害大,会影响自身及他人的健康;2.一旦上瘾,很难戒除;3.提倡健康、积极的生活方式。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear David,
I have learned from your email that you want to try smoking as you think it is very cool.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A few years ago, my wife Sue had some fairly serious health problems. She had suffered surgery after surgery and had also put on weight for several years. Diets had not helped her.
One day we sat down and drew up a “wish list” of the things we wanted most out of life. One of Sue's items was to run in a marathon. Given her history and physical limitations, I thought her goal was completely unrealistic, but Sue became committed to it.
She began by running very slowly around. Every day she ran just a little farther than she had the day before—just one driveway more. “When will I ever be able to run a mile ” Sue asked one day. Soon she was running three. Then five. “We can change ourselves for the better and cause ourselves to pursue our most precious desires with almost total success,” Sue said and registered to run in the St. George Marathon in southern Utah.
I drove on the mountainous road from Cedar City to St. George. When the marathon began, I parked the car near the finish line and waited for Sue to come in. Five hours later, it was raining steadily and the wind was cold. Several cold and injured runners had been transported past me, and I began to panic. The image of Sue, alone and cold, off the road somewhere, made me sick with worry. The fast and strong competitors had finished long ago, and runners were becoming fewer and fewer. Now I could not see anyone in either direction.
Almost all of the cars along the marathon route had left, and some normal traffic was beginning. I was able to drive directly up the race route. There were still no runners in view after driving almost two miles. Then I went around a bend in the road and spotted two runners running up ahead.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
It was Sue in the company of a girl runner, struggling.
Paragraph 2:
At the finish line, the girl hugged Sue, “You made me believe we could do it.”
答案全解全析
UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
1.A 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.C
8.B 9.A 10.C 11.C 12.B 13.A 14.A
15.C 16.G 17.E 18.C 19.A 20.F 21.A
22.D 23.C 24.A 25.B 26.D 27.C 28.A
29.D 30.B 31.A 32.B 33.A 34.C 35.D
36.who 37.drinks 38.to have 39.than 40.directly 41.aged 42.and 43.being 44.activity 45.an
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 这是一篇应用文,主要介绍了四个最佳的烹饪应用程序。
1.A 细节理解题。根据Wolfram Culinary Mathematics Reference中的“Price:$1.99(价格:1.99美元)”可知,Wolfram Culinary Mathematics Reference这款应用程序的价格为1.99美元,故选A。
2.D 细节理解题。根据Wolfram Culinary Mathematics Reference中的“Requirement: iOS 9.3+”、Gordon Ramsay: Cook With Me中的“Requirement: iOS 4.3+”、MealBoard中的“Requirement: iOS 9.0+”以及Fit Men Cook—Healthy Recipes中的“Requirement: iOS 10.3+”可知,Fit Men Cook—Healthy Recipes对操作系统的要求最高。故选D。
3.B 细节理解题。Gordon Ramsay:Cook With Me这个应用程序包含56个食谱视频,展示了英国著名职业厨师Gordon Ramsay亲手烹饪的过程,让你有信心亲自下厨。由此可知Gordon Ramsay: Cook With Me这款应用程序可以让你向职业厨师学习烹饪。故选B。
B
◎语篇解读 这是一篇新闻报道,讲述了一位87岁的老奶奶在72岁时迷上滑雪并一直坚持的故事。
4.B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句可知,在2007年,刘志华第一次尝试滑雪。故选B。
5.C 词义猜测题。画线词所在句子的上一句提到对于刘志华来说,滑雪也是一种让自己保持年轻和充满活力的方式,再由画线词上文“Despite being the oldest ski enthusiast at the resort”可知她是滑雪场最年长的滑雪爱好者,但她认为自己和年轻的滑雪者一样精力充沛。所以画线词意为“精力充沛的”。故选C。
6.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“...Liu recalls that she fell over while going down a slope due to a lack of experience. ‘But skill comes from practice. Just get used to it,’ she says.”可知她意志坚强,根据最后一段中的“I don't think age has much to do with my mindset. Old or young, I have been brave and optimistic.”可知她积极乐观。故选D。
7.C 主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了一位87岁的老奶奶在72岁时迷上滑雪,对滑雪产生了热情并一直坚持的故事。由此可知,C项“奶奶对滑雪产生了永恒的热情”最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
C
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了倒着跑步的好处并分析了形成这些好处的原因。
8.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Researchers found...by running backwards over time the athletes became better runners overall.”可知随着时间的推移,通过向后跑,运动员整体上会成为更好的跑步运动员,也就是向后跑能使运动员的表现更好。故选B项。
9.A 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“In a backward movement...resulting in muscle growth and toning”可知向后跑可以减轻膝盖的压力,还会使肌肉生长和强健,由此可知提到Ruiz的观点是为了陈述更多向后跑的好处。故选A项。
10.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Lots of factors (including the heart rate, age, and others) affect how many calories you burn during any particular activity.”可知许多因素(包括心率、年龄和其他)都会影响你在任何特定活动中燃烧的卡路里量,所以,卡路里燃烧的量取决于很多因素。故选C项。
11.C 推理判断题。本文第二段中提到了研究人员的发现(通过提高运动员的跑步经济性,向后跑可以使运动员受益,随着时间的推移,通过向后跑,运动员整体上会成为更好的跑步运动员),由此可推断,打算优化训练方法的教练可以考虑用此方法训练运动员。故选C项。
D
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,文章强调了睡眠与健康生活的密切关系,并就如何提高睡眠质量提出了几点建议。
12.B 主旨大意题。通读文章可知,第一段提出好的睡眠有利于身体健康,第二至五段提出了几个提高睡眠质量的建议,第六段进行总结,说明好的睡眠和健康之间的关系,并发出号召。故选B(如何好好睡一晚)。
13.A 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的第三句“所以你最好在睡觉前三小时避免吃任何东西,因为那会降低睡眠时血糖浓度并有助于最大限度地减少过多糖分流动造成的伤害。”以及常识可知,it指代的是上文说的不要吃东西,故选A。
14.A 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Another way...relaxed state”和“take the mind off the daytime pressure”可知,睡前要放松,不要紧张。故选A。
15.C 推理判断题。文章首段提出好的睡眠有利于身体健康,这一点可看作中心点(CP)。后面说明如何获得好的睡眠:第二段从饮食方面入手:睡前三小时别吃东西,这一段可看作第一个要点(P1);第三段和第四段都是阐述如何去让身体做好睡觉的准备:可以减少接触光源,也可以听轻音乐或洗澡来放松你的状态,这两段可以看成一个要点(P2)下的两个次要点(Sp1和 Sp2);第五段从准备一张合适的床垫这一方面进行阐述,这一段可看作第三个要点(P3)。尾段总结:进一步强调睡眠质量与健康的关系(Conclusion)。故C项正确。
第二节
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了引起心脏病的一些原因及微笑是一种改善心脏健康的有效方式。
16.G 设空处上一句提到“不健康的饮食和缺乏体育锻炼都会增加患心脏病的风险”,G项“所以医生力劝我们要吃健康的食物,进行锻炼,戒烟并限制酒精摄入”与设空处上一句构成因果关系,故选G。
17.E 设空处下文提到“这些阻止血液流向心脏或大脑。这些阻塞最常见的原因是脂肪逐渐沉积在动脉内壁上”,E项点出了心脏病发作和中风的主要原因是血管堵塞,下文接着说明了这些堵塞产生的后果以及形成原因。设空处下一句中的These指的就是E项中的blockages。故选E。
18.C 设空处上一句提到“如果你真的处于危险之中,这些荷尔蒙可以帮助你”,这说明这些荷尔蒙在一些情况下是有益的,C项“它们是我们所谓的战斗或逃跑反应的一部分”与上文衔接紧密、符合语境。C项中的They指的就是设空处上一句中的these hormones。故选C。
19.A 设空处上文提到“他们可能会吃得过量,吸烟或喝大量的酒。他们可能没有得到足够的锻炼和睡眠”,A项“所有的这些都会导致健康问题”指出了上文谈到的做法产生的结果。故选A。
20.F 设空处上一句提到“一旦微笑,人们就会放松”,F项“这种放松能直接地降低血压,改善血糖水平”说明了设空处上一句中提到的放松带来的好处。故选F。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 本文为说明文,说明的是关于人类寿命的问题。美国人的平均寿命已由1900年的47岁增加到了现在的78岁,是什么让人类的寿命得以延长呢 人类寿命的普遍延长对社会又有着怎样的影响呢
21.A 由语境可推断句意为“大多数研究老年的科学家认为人类的身体被‘设计’成有不超过120岁的寿命”。B.挑选;C.改进;D.发现。
22.D 由上下文可推断这里意为“如果他/她极其健康而且幸运的话,他/她最多有望活到110岁”。A.完全地;B.普遍地;C.显然。
23.C 由下文内容“我们会渐渐老去最终死亡”可以推断这里指“我们的细胞不能无休止地繁殖”,故选用endlessly。A.迅速地;B.无害地;D.单独地。
24.A A.最终;B.绝望地;C.自动地;D.绝望地。结合语境可知A项正确。
25.B 由后面的“than”及下一句的内容可知应用longer。
26.D 由下文“中年”和“老年”可知此处表示“分界线(dividing line)”。
27.C 结合语境可推知该句意为“毕竟许多老年人直到75岁以后才开始经历身体和精神上的‘衰退’”,故用decline。A.压力;B.损坏;D.失败。
28.A 由下文的内容特别是关键词“died of”和“dying”可知选A。
29.D 根据本空前出现的“died of”,并结合语境可知此处应填“疾病(diseases)”。
30.B 前文提到“many children died of common childhood 29 ”,后文信息表明这种情况有了改善,根据上下文信息可以推断此空应填young。
31.A 下一句中出现了“such changes”,根据对上下文的分析可以推断本空考查的是词汇的复现,故用changes。
32.B 此空与后面的“disaster(不幸)”相对应,根据上下文的内容,四个选项中只有“chances(机遇)”最为合适。A.梦想;C.优势;D.选择。
33.A 前文提到老年人仍然健康、活跃,此处表示即便不再年轻,也可以保持年轻的心态。A.心态;B.外表;C.嗓音;D.动作。
34.C 由文章结尾处的“devoted(全心全意的)”可以推测出本题答案。
35.D stay意为“保持……(状态)”,符合语境。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,研究发现保持正常的体重和饮食、定期锻炼、不吸烟以及适度饮酒的女性的孩子患肥胖症的概率较低。
36.who 考查定语从句。句意:一个体重正常、经常锻炼、饮食健康、不吸烟且适量饮酒的母亲的孩子肥胖的可能性要小得多。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词为mother,指人,故填关系代词who。
37.drinks 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知设空处与has、exercises、eats和doesn't smoke并列作定语从句中的谓语,故用一般现在时。主语表单数意义,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故填drinks。
38.to have 考查不定式。be likely to do sth.可能做某事。
39.than 考查介词。句意:研究表明,和天性相比,这可能更多地与养育有关,因为母亲的生活方式似乎与孩子的健康直接相关。根据空前的more判断此处填than,表示比较。
40.directly 考查副词。修饰linked应该用副词形式。故填directly。
41.aged 考查形容词。句意:这项研究调查了美国差不多17,000名妇女所生的24,000多名9到14岁的儿童的病史和生活方式。分析句子结构可知, 41 nine to fourteen作后置定语,修饰children,表示9到14岁的儿童,所以设空处应用形容词aged,表示“……岁的”。
42.and 考查连词。 句意:研究人员研究了母亲的整体健康状况与孩子肥胖的可能性之间的联系。the link between...and...表示“……与……之间的联系”。
43.being 考查动名词。句意见上一题。空格处作介词of的宾语,故用动名词形式,其中a child是动名词的逻辑主语。故填being。
44.activity 考查名词。句意:母亲的健康状况根据她的身高体重比、饮食、运动量、吸烟情况和饮酒量来判断。根据前面的amount of判断此处应用名词activity,physical activity意为“体育活动”,此时的activity为不可数名词。
45.an 考查冠词。child是单数可数名词,此处泛指一个肥胖的孩子,而且obese以元音音素开头。故填an。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Dear David,
I have learned from your email that you want to try smoking as you think it is very cool. As far as I can see, smoking is a bad habit.
It is widely believed that smoking has harmful effects on one's body. It can do terrible damage to your heart, and even cause cancer. Additionally, smoking will affect the health of your family members.What's worse, you will find it hard to give up once you are addicted to smoking.
I suggest you live a healthy and active life. You'd better often take part in sports to build yourself up and develop some healthy hobbies to enjoy life.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
It was Sue in the company of a girl runner, struggling. As I approached them, I noticed the pair dragging their feet and running forward awkwardly with their shoes wet. I pulled off and called, “Are you okay ” “Oh, yes!” Sue said, almost out of breath. The girl also nodded and kept moving. I had wanted to offer them a ride, but the resolve in their eyes made me swallow back the words. I turned around and followed. Inch by inch, they were getting closer to the finish line. Eventually, the real winners in my heart ran past the finish line.
Paragraph 2:
At the finish line, the girl hugged Sue, “You made me believe we could do it.” She added, “Sue described so vividly how it would be to finish that I knew I could do it.” Sue smiled back. “I've been dreaming about this day for two years and I shall not be denied.” Greatly moved, the girl promised she would never quit anything easily without total success. At that moment, I looked at Sue and found she was carrying herself differently. It was not as if she had become someone new; it was more as if she had discovered a real self she had not known before. She truly liked her newly-discovered self. So did I.
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