2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第三册同步练习题--UNIT 2 Part 1 Reading and Thinking（答案与解析）
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2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第三册同步
UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The doctor (检查) her after the accident but found nothing wrong.
2.The company (支配) the market in the 1990s, but soon its highlight time passed.
3.Senior high students should help each other and (促进) the sharing of resources.
4.There is no reason to be (/ pes m st k/) about the future, because we are young enough to do everything.
5.Studies have shown that wearing leggings(女士紧身裤)in winter can have a n impact on women's health despite looking nice.
Ⅱ.一词多义
1.Those who love animals hold the view that animal abuse should be banned.
词性: 词义:
2.If you abuse your power,some people will get hurt and complain that the society is unfair.
词性: 词义:
3.Our soldiers have strict discipline and are able to protect our country from attack.
词性: 词义:
4.Many children lack discipline these days and play computer games for long hours.
词性: 词义:
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.I was wounded (physical), but mentally I wanted to continue.
2.At present, do you think it's really (rely) to pay by “swiping your face(刷脸)”
3.Early in your project, you should first decide which type of material to use.
4.She doesn't want to let her father know this thing, so she
(repeated) urges her brother not to tell her father about it.
5.He will be rewarded an English dictionary the progress he has made in English.
6.It's kind and nice of you (purchase) a new computer for my birthday.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.众所周知,父母的决心和毅力会给孩子巨大的勇气。
, parents' determination and perseverance will give children great courage.(读后续写—主旨升华)
2.你永远可以相信他会为我们提供舒适的生活。(rely)
You can always us with a comfortable life.(2020全国Ⅰ写作)
3.如果有必要的话,你可以带一份合适的礼品以示尊重。(if)
, you can bring an appropriate gift to show respect.
4.所有参与这个实验的学生都会获得去长城旅游的机会。(involved)
All the students will have the chance to travel to the Great Wall.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Just as Aristotle put it,“We are what we 1 (repeated) do.” In many aspects, our lifestyle is the result of choices 2 we have made. So forming good habits is very important, especially for 3 (teenager). That's because bad habits, if not corrected, will have a bad effect on our adult life. To prevent harmful habits from dominating our life, we should make use 4 the “habit cycle” to kick bad habits and develop good ones. First, we can facilitate positive changes by examining our bad habit cycles and 5 (try) to adapt them. Aside from this, we should also form good habits on purpose. Gradually, we 6 (reward) for our actions.
Of course, bad habits, once 7 (form), are not easy for us to get out of. Some people can get out of bad habits quickly while others might try many times until they succeed. If we can't succeed straight away, don't become pessimistic. As 8 matter of fact, the most successful way to change is not sudden, but over a period of time. As a Chinese saying goes, “A journey of a thousand miles 9 (begin)with a single step.” As long as we continue taking small steps, we are sure 10 (get)rid of bad habits and build a healthy life.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2023山东青岛统考期末)
Despite many public health campaigns to highlight various problems with sugary drinks, we drink them a lot. But, not everyone consumes them. Two new studies shed light on the fact that some of us fall victim to the harm of sugary drinks more easily than others.
Sugary drinks are everywhere. Some people find it harder to resist them and the first study, conducted by Professor Joshua McGreen at Flinders University, sought to understand why. For the research, 128 young adults of 17 to 25 completed a computer test evaluating their attitudes to soft drinks, measured against their soft drink consumption. The study showed that the more unconscious positive judgments individuals had of soft drink advertising, the more soft drinks they consumed. It also found that a lack of inhibitory control, which is the cognitive process that allows us to control our desires—say, to buy a nice-tasting soft drink even though we know it's unhealthy and negative—was also a factor in increased consumption.
The second study provides clues to who relies on more easily the marketing strategies. The study found that soft drink companies, like Coca-Cola and PepsiCo, have multi-billion dollar advertising and marketing budgets, aiming to “create, maintain and stimulate consumer demand around benefits related to happiness, social status, etc.”. These campaigns are “increasingly being directed at disadvantaged groups”, including children and adolescents generally, and people living in disadvantaged neighborhoods.
Soft drinks, even “zero-sugar” ones, are typically high in calories, but of little nutritional benefit. Placing a tax on sweet drinks may be one strategy to reduce people's consumption straight away. McGreen also suggests that people develop strong discipline of soft drink consumption. It's something he wants to research further. He adds, “I would also like to ban advertisements for soft drinks for sports or programs that appeal to children. It is specially important for sports people to stop being walking billboards for junk food and drinks.”
1.What do the two new studies focus on
A.The harm of sugary drinks.
B.The popularity of sugary drinks.
C.The consumers of sugary drinks.
D.The profit made by sugary drinks.
2.Who are most likely to buy sugary drinks according to McGreen
A.Those who have a good spending habit.
B.Those who can control their desires well.
C.Those who have a good impression of soft drinks.
D.Those who have no interest in soft drink advertising.
3.What is the last paragraph mainly about
A.The warning against the consumption of soft drinks.
B.Suggestions on reducing the consumption of soft drinks.
C.The importance of sports stars in advertising soft drinks.
D.Plans to research into self-control of soft drink consumption.
4.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A.Entertainment. B.Health.
C.Education. D.Sports.
B
(2022湖南长沙一中期末)
Once upon a time, when you first attended a youth sporting event, your parents probably weren't expecting you to become a professional athlete. They signed up for a basketball, football or swimming course for you in the hope that you might learn lessons on winning in a gentlemanly way, losing with dignity and insisting on it when things get tough. Yes, doing sports improves health, but it is the life lessons that matter most.
For many of us, instead of struggling to improve our minds and spirits, we began judging progress only by the size of our muscles or the numbers on a weighing machine. For us, the thought that the athletic competition is about greater life lessons and the building of characters has been overshadowed by headlines about professional athletes.
“And yet there's still strong evidence that sports strongly foster certain personal qualities,” says Angela Lumpkin, a professor of the Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences at the University of Kansas. And that's true for athletes of any age. Amateur sports provide a safe place for the competition. They also provide a practice ground for managing stress.
The advantages of taking part in a sport can seep(逐渐进入) into your professional life, too. In basketball, for example, “Getting everyone to play the right role on the court is the key to success,” says Alan Arlt, the founder of the Life Time Fitness basketball program Ultimate Hoops. “That is certainly useful in the business world, where everyone understands their own role in the organization. In addition, in athletic events, you go through good and bad times often in the period of two hours,” says former NBA head coach Flip Saunders. “Do you have the calm manner to settle yourself down, or do you totally lose it and get thrown out of the game which hurts both you and your team All of that on-court experience has impacted the way you approach situations in reality.”
5.What would parents expect when their children joined in sports
A.To get through obstacles and improve themselves.
B.To enhance their comprehensive fitness level.
C.To defeat opponents with the burning ambition.
D.To win as many professional games as possible.
6.What do many people do according to the article
A.They play sports to evaluate the size of the muscles.
B.They keep playing sports to improve mental health.
C.They still hold the idea that sports can better build characters.
D.They pay more attention to the news of professional athletes.
7.Why does the author mention “Amateur sports” in Paragraph 3
A.To clarify a concept.
B.To illustrate Lumpkin's idea.
C.To make a prediction.
D.To present a phenomenon.
8.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about when it comes to taking part in a sport
A.The key to success in basketball and in athletic events.
B.The significance of understanding the role on the court.
C.Its influences on our career life and on how to address real-life situations.
D.Ways to keep calm in athletic events and the application in real circumstances.
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.examined 2.dominated 3.facilitate 4.pessimistic
5.negative
Ⅱ.1.名词;虐待 句意:那些喜欢动物的人持有这样的观点:虐待动物应该被禁止。
2.动词;滥用 句意:如果你滥用权力,一些人会受到伤害,抱怨社会是不公平的。
3.名词;纪律 句意:我们的士兵有严格的纪律,并且能够保护我们的国家不受攻击。
4.名词;自制力 句意:现在很多孩子缺乏自制力,并且长时间玩电脑游戏。
Ⅲ.1.physically 考查副词。句意:我身体上受伤了,但是在精神上我想继续。此处应用副词physically,意为“身体上”。
2.reliable 考查形容词。句意:目前,你认为“刷脸”付款真的可靠吗 根据设空处前面的it's 和后面的不定式to pay可知这里构成“it's+adj.+to do sth.”结构,故填形容词reliable。it's reliable to do sth.表示“做某事是可靠的”。
3.on 考查介词。句意:在你项目的早期,你应该首先决定使用哪种类型的材料。decide on表示“决定;选定”。
4.repeatedly 考查副词。句意:她不想让她父亲知道这件事,所以她一再力劝她哥哥不要给她爸爸讲这件事。设空处修饰谓语动词,应用副词。故填repeatedly。
5.with;for 考查介词。句意:他将因在英语上取得的进步而被奖励一本英语词典。sb. be rewarded with sth. for sth.意为“某人因某事而被奖励某物”。故第一空填with,第二空填for。
6.to purchase 考查动词不定式。在固定句式“It is+adj.+of sb. to do sth.”中,It作形式主语,to do sth.作真正的主语,故填to purchase。
Ⅳ.1.As is known to all/us 2.rely on him to provide
3.If necessary 4.involved in the experiment
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.repeatedly 考查副词。分析句子结构可知,空格处修饰动词do,作状语,应该用副词。repeatedly反复地;再三地。此处指我们重复的行为造就了我们。
2.that/which 考查定语从句的关系词。设空处引导定语从句,先行词为choices,关系词在从句中作宾语,故填that或which。这里指“我们的生活方式就是我们所做的选择的结果”。
3.teenagers 考查名词复数。句中介词for后面应该用名词作宾语,而teenager是可数名词,且空前没有冠词等限定词,所以用复数形式。
4.of 考查介词。make use of利用,为固定搭配。此处指为了防止有害的习惯支配我们的生活,我们应该利用“习惯循环”。
5.trying 考查动名词。分析句子结构可知,设空处和前面的examining为并列成分,均作by的宾语,所以应用动名词形式。句意:首先,我们可以通过检查我们的坏习惯循环并试图调整它们来促进积极的改变。
6.will be rewarded 考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知此处表示将来,应用一般将来时,且we与reward之间为被动关系,所以应用一般将来时的被动语态,故填will be rewarded。句意:渐渐地,我们的行为会得到回报。
7.formed 考查过去分词。此处once用作连词,表示“一旦,当……的时候”,构成状语从句的省略形式。状语从句中省略的主语为bad habits,form和bad habits之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词形式。此处once formed补充完整为once bad habits are formed。句意:当然,对我们来说,坏习惯一旦养成就不容易改掉。
8.a 考查固定搭配。as a matter of fact意为“事实上”,故填a。
9.begins 考查动词时态及主谓一致。这里表示“千里之行,始于足下”,为一句名言,故用一般现在时;主语A journey为单数意义,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
10.to get 考查动词不定式。此处为be sure to do sth.,为固定结构,表示“一定会做某事”。
Ⅱ.A
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了尽管有许多公共健康运动强调含糖饮料的各种问题,但我们还是喝了很多含糖饮料。但是,并不是每个人都喝它们。两项新的研究揭示了这样一个事实:我们中的一些人比其他人更容易成为含糖饮料危害的受害者。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及建议少喝软饮料。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Two new studies shed light on the fact that some of us fall victim to the harm of sugary drinks more easily than others.(两项新的研究揭示了这样一个事实:我们中的一些人比其他人更容易成为含糖饮料危害的受害者。)”可知,这两项新研究的重点是含糖饮料的消费者。故选C。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study showed that the more unconscious positive judgments individuals had of soft drink advertising, the more soft drinks they consumed.(研究表明,人们对软饮料广告的无意识积极评价越多,他们就会喝更多的软饮料。)”可知,根据McGreen的调查可知,那些对软饮料有良好印象的人最有可能购买含糖饮料。故选C。
3.B 主旨大意题。最后一段中提到了对甜饮料征税可能是立刻减少人们消费的一种策略、McGreen还建议人们对软饮料的消费要有很强的自制力、McGreen还想禁止针对运动或吸引儿童的节目的软饮料广告,尤其重要的是,运动人士不要再成为垃圾食品和饮料的行走的广告牌。由此可知,最后一段主要讲的是关于减少软饮料消费的建议。故选B。
4.B 推理判断题。根据第一段提到了含糖饮料的问题及下文详细介绍了两项关于含糖饮料的研究开展过程以及建议少喝软饮料可知,文章可能选自报纸的“健康”部分。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.despite prep.即使 2.campaign n.运动;活动 3.highlight v.强调 4.consume v.吃;喝;消耗;消费 5.shed light on揭示;阐明 6.fall victim to...受……伤害 7.aim to do sth.力争做某事 8.relate...to...把……和……联系起来 9.appeal to...对……有吸引力
【差距词汇】 1.inhibitory adj.禁止的,抑制的
2.cognitive adj.认知的
长难句
原句 The study found that soft drink companies, like Coca-Cola and PepsiCo, have multi-billion dollar advertising and marketing budgets, aiming to “create, maintain and stimulate consumer demand around benefits related to happiness, social status, etc.”.
分析 该句是主从复合句。that引导宾语从句,aiming to...为现在分词短语作状语,过去分词短语related to...作后置定语,修饰benefits。
译文 研究发现,可口可乐和百事可乐等软饮料公司拥有数十亿美元的广告和营销预算,力争“围绕与幸福、社会地位等相关的益处创造、维持和刺激消费者的需求”。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了参加体育运动的益处。
5.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“in the hope that...when things get tough”可知,父母为你报名参加篮球、足球或游泳课程,希望你能从中学习到:以绅士的方式取胜,输了不失尊严,遇到困难时坚持下去。这说明父母希望他们的孩子参加体育活动时,能够克服障碍,提升自我,故选A。
6.D 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知,对我们来说,那种认为体育竞赛关乎更多的人生功课和性格塑造的想法已经被有关职业运动员的头条新闻掩盖。由此判断,运动对人的性格以及经验的好处并没有被大家过多关注,反倒是专业运动员的一些要闻引起人们更多的关注。故选D。
7.B 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知,堪萨斯大学健康、运动和运动科学系教授安吉拉·兰普金说:“然而,仍然有强有力的证据表明,体育运动能强有力地培养特定的个人品质。”接下来作者在本段最后三句又提到“对于任何年龄的运动员来说都是如此。业余运动为比赛提供了一个安全的场所。它们也提供了一个管理压力的练习场地”。由此推知,作者提到业余运动是为了说明兰普金的观点。故选B。
8.C 主旨大意题。根据最后一段第一句“The advantages of taking part in a sport can seep into your professional life, too.”和最后一句“All of that on-court experience has impacted the way you approach situations in reality.”以及中间列举的在篮球场上、在商界以及在体育赛事中的例子可知,体育运动影响着我们的职业生涯,影响着我们如何处理现实生活中的情况。故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.sign up for 报名参加 2.in the hope that...抱着……的希望 3.tough adj.艰难的;艰苦的 4.struggle v.努力;争取;奋斗 5.competition n.竞争;角逐;比赛;竞赛 6.impact v.(对某事物)有影响,有作用
【熟词生义】 approach v.着手处理,对付
【差距词汇】 1.dignity n.尊严,自尊 2.overshadow v.使黯然失色;掩盖 3.foster v.促进,助长
长难句
原句 They signed up for a basketball, football or swimming course for you in the hope that you might learn lessons on winning in a gentlemanly way, losing with dignity and insisting on it when things get tough.
分析 这是一个主从复合句。句中that引导同位语从句,同位语从句中并列连词and连接的三个动名词短语作介词on的宾语,在最后一个动名词短语中,连词when引导时间状语从句。
译文 他们为你报名参加篮球、足球或游泳课程,希望你能从中学到经验:以绅士的方式取胜,输了不失尊严,遇到困难时坚持下去。
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2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第三册同步
UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The doctor (检查) her after the accident but found nothing wrong.
2.The company (支配) the market in the 1990s, but soon its highlight time passed.
3.Senior high students should help each other and (促进) the sharing of resources.
4.There is no reason to be (/ pes m st k/) about the future, because we are young enough to do everything.
5.Studies have shown that wearing leggings(女士紧身裤)in winter can have a n impact on women's health despite looking nice.
Ⅱ.一词多义
1.Those who love animals hold the view that animal abuse should be banned.
词性: 词义:
2.If you abuse your power,some people will get hurt and complain that the society is unfair.
词性: 词义:
3.Our soldiers have strict discipline and are able to protect our country from attack.
词性: 词义:
4.Many children lack discipline these days and play computer games for long hours.
词性: 词义:
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.I was wounded (physical), but mentally I wanted to continue.
2.At present, do you think it's really (rely) to pay by “swiping your face(刷脸)”
3.Early in your project, you should first decide which type of material to use.
4.She doesn't want to let her father know this thing, so she
(repeated) urges her brother not to tell her father about it.
5.He will be rewarded an English dictionary the progress he has made in English.
6.It's kind and nice of you (purchase) a new computer for my birthday.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.众所周知,父母的决心和毅力会给孩子巨大的勇气。
, parents' determination and perseverance will give children great courage.(读后续写—主旨升华)
2.你永远可以相信他会为我们提供舒适的生活。(rely)
You can always us with a comfortable life.(2020全国Ⅰ写作)
3.如果有必要的话,你可以带一份合适的礼品以示尊重。(if)
, you can bring an appropriate gift to show respect.
4.所有参与这个实验的学生都会获得去长城旅游的机会。(involved)
All the students will have the chance to travel to the Great Wall.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Just as Aristotle put it,“We are what we 1 (repeated) do.” In many aspects, our lifestyle is the result of choices 2 we have made. So forming good habits is very important, especially for 3 (teenager). That's because bad habits, if not corrected, will have a bad effect on our adult life. To prevent harmful habits from dominating our life, we should make use 4 the “habit cycle” to kick bad habits and develop good ones. First, we can facilitate positive changes by examining our bad habit cycles and 5 (try) to adapt them. Aside from this, we should also form good habits on purpose. Gradually, we 6 (reward) for our actions.
Of course, bad habits, once 7 (form), are not easy for us to get out of. Some people can get out of bad habits quickly while others might try many times until they succeed. If we can't succeed straight away, don't become pessimistic. As 8 matter of fact, the most successful way to change is not sudden, but over a period of time. As a Chinese saying goes, “A journey of a thousand miles 9 (begin)with a single step.” As long as we continue taking small steps, we are sure 10 (get)rid of bad habits and build a healthy life.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2023山东青岛统考期末)
Despite many public health campaigns to highlight various problems with sugary drinks, we drink them a lot. But, not everyone consumes them. Two new studies shed light on the fact that some of us fall victim to the harm of sugary drinks more easily than others.
Sugary drinks are everywhere. Some people find it harder to resist them and the first study, conducted by Professor Joshua McGreen at Flinders University, sought to understand why. For the research, 128 young adults of 17 to 25 completed a computer test evaluating their attitudes to soft drinks, measured against their soft drink consumption. The study showed that the more unconscious positive judgments individuals had of soft drink advertising, the more soft drinks they consumed. It also found that a lack of inhibitory control, which is the cognitive process that allows us to control our desires—say, to buy a nice-tasting soft drink even though we know it's unhealthy and negative—was also a factor in increased consumption.
The second study provides clues to who relies on more easily the marketing strategies. The study found that soft drink companies, like Coca-Cola and PepsiCo, have multi-billion dollar advertising and marketing budgets, aiming to “create, maintain and stimulate consumer demand around benefits related to happiness, social status, etc.”. These campaigns are “increasingly being directed at disadvantaged groups”, including children and adolescents generally, and people living in disadvantaged neighborhoods.
Soft drinks, even “zero-sugar” ones, are typically high in calories, but of little nutritional benefit. Placing a tax on sweet drinks may be one strategy to reduce people's consumption straight away. McGreen also suggests that people develop strong discipline of soft drink consumption. It's something he wants to research further. He adds, “I would also like to ban advertisements for soft drinks for sports or programs that appeal to children. It is specially important for sports people to stop being walking billboards for junk food and drinks.”
1.What do the two new studies focus on
A.The harm of sugary drinks.
B.The popularity of sugary drinks.
C.The consumers of sugary drinks.
D.The profit made by sugary drinks.
2.Who are most likely to buy sugary drinks according to McGreen
A.Those who have a good spending habit.
B.Those who can control their desires well.
C.Those who have a good impression of soft drinks.
D.Those who have no interest in soft drink advertising.
3.What is the last paragraph mainly about
A.The warning against the consumption of soft drinks.
B.Suggestions on reducing the consumption of soft drinks.
C.The importance of sports stars in advertising soft drinks.
D.Plans to research into self-control of soft drink consumption.
4.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A.Entertainment. B.Health.
C.Education. D.Sports.
B
(2022湖南长沙一中期末)
Once upon a time, when you first attended a youth sporting event, your parents probably weren't expecting you to become a professional athlete. They signed up for a basketball, football or swimming course for you in the hope that you might learn lessons on winning in a gentlemanly way, losing with dignity and insisting on it when things get tough. Yes, doing sports improves health, but it is the life lessons that matter most.
For many of us, instead of struggling to improve our minds and spirits, we began judging progress only by the size of our muscles or the numbers on a weighing machine. For us, the thought that the athletic competition is about greater life lessons and the building of characters has been overshadowed by headlines about professional athletes.
“And yet there's still strong evidence that sports strongly foster certain personal qualities,” says Angela Lumpkin, a professor of the Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences at the University of Kansas. And that's true for athletes of any age. Amateur sports provide a safe place for the competition. They also provide a practice ground for managing stress.
The advantages of taking part in a sport can seep(逐渐进入) into your professional life, too. In basketball, for example, “Getting everyone to play the right role on the court is the key to success,” says Alan Arlt, the founder of the Life Time Fitness basketball program Ultimate Hoops. “That is certainly useful in the business world, where everyone understands their own role in the organization. In addition, in athletic events, you go through good and bad times often in the period of two hours,” says former NBA head coach Flip Saunders. “Do you have the calm manner to settle yourself down, or do you totally lose it and get thrown out of the game which hurts both you and your team All of that on-court experience has impacted the way you approach situations in reality.”
5.What would parents expect when their children joined in sports
A.To get through obstacles and improve themselves.
B.To enhance their comprehensive fitness level.
C.To defeat opponents with the burning ambition.
D.To win as many professional games as possible.
6.What do many people do according to the article
A.They play sports to evaluate the size of the muscles.
B.They keep playing sports to improve mental health.
C.They still hold the idea that sports can better build characters.
D.They pay more attention to the news of professional athletes.
7.Why does the author mention “Amateur sports” in Paragraph 3
A.To clarify a concept.
B.To illustrate Lumpkin's idea.
C.To make a prediction.
D.To present a phenomenon.
8.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about when it comes to taking part in a sport
A.The key to success in basketball and in athletic events.
B.The significance of understanding the role on the court.
C.Its influences on our career life and on how to address real-life situations.
D.Ways to keep calm in athletic events and the application in real circumstances.
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.examined 2.dominated 3.facilitate 4.pessimistic
5.negative
Ⅱ.1.名词;虐待 句意:那些喜欢动物的人持有这样的观点:虐待动物应该被禁止。
2.动词;滥用 句意:如果你滥用权力,一些人会受到伤害,抱怨社会是不公平的。
3.名词;纪律 句意:我们的士兵有严格的纪律,并且能够保护我们的国家不受攻击。
4.名词;自制力 句意:现在很多孩子缺乏自制力,并且长时间玩电脑游戏。
Ⅲ.1.physically 考查副词。句意:我身体上受伤了,但是在精神上我想继续。此处应用副词physically,意为“身体上”。
2.reliable 考查形容词。句意:目前,你认为“刷脸”付款真的可靠吗 根据设空处前面的it's 和后面的不定式to pay可知这里构成“it's+adj.+to do sth.”结构,故填形容词reliable。it's reliable to do sth.表示“做某事是可靠的”。
3.on 考查介词。句意:在你项目的早期,你应该首先决定使用哪种类型的材料。decide on表示“决定;选定”。
4.repeatedly 考查副词。句意:她不想让她父亲知道这件事,所以她一再力劝她哥哥不要给她爸爸讲这件事。设空处修饰谓语动词,应用副词。故填repeatedly。
5.with;for 考查介词。句意:他将因在英语上取得的进步而被奖励一本英语词典。sb. be rewarded with sth. for sth.意为“某人因某事而被奖励某物”。故第一空填with,第二空填for。
6.to purchase 考查动词不定式。在固定句式“It is+adj.+of sb. to do sth.”中,It作形式主语,to do sth.作真正的主语,故填to purchase。
Ⅳ.1.As is known to all/us 2.rely on him to provide
3.If necessary 4.involved in the experiment
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.repeatedly 考查副词。分析句子结构可知,空格处修饰动词do,作状语,应该用副词。repeatedly反复地;再三地。此处指我们重复的行为造就了我们。
2.that/which 考查定语从句的关系词。设空处引导定语从句,先行词为choices,关系词在从句中作宾语,故填that或which。这里指“我们的生活方式就是我们所做的选择的结果”。
3.teenagers 考查名词复数。句中介词for后面应该用名词作宾语,而teenager是可数名词,且空前没有冠词等限定词,所以用复数形式。
4.of 考查介词。make use of利用,为固定搭配。此处指为了防止有害的习惯支配我们的生活,我们应该利用“习惯循环”。
5.trying 考查动名词。分析句子结构可知,设空处和前面的examining为并列成分,均作by的宾语,所以应用动名词形式。句意:首先,我们可以通过检查我们的坏习惯循环并试图调整它们来促进积极的改变。
6.will be rewarded 考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知此处表示将来,应用一般将来时,且we与reward之间为被动关系,所以应用一般将来时的被动语态,故填will be rewarded。句意:渐渐地,我们的行为会得到回报。
7.formed 考查过去分词。此处once用作连词,表示“一旦,当……的时候”,构成状语从句的省略形式。状语从句中省略的主语为bad habits,form和bad habits之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词形式。此处once formed补充完整为once bad habits are formed。句意:当然,对我们来说,坏习惯一旦养成就不容易改掉。
8.a 考查固定搭配。as a matter of fact意为“事实上”,故填a。
9.begins 考查动词时态及主谓一致。这里表示“千里之行,始于足下”,为一句名言,故用一般现在时;主语A journey为单数意义,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
10.to get 考查动词不定式。此处为be sure to do sth.,为固定结构,表示“一定会做某事”。
Ⅱ.A
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了尽管有许多公共健康运动强调含糖饮料的各种问题,但我们还是喝了很多含糖饮料。但是,并不是每个人都喝它们。两项新的研究揭示了这样一个事实:我们中的一些人比其他人更容易成为含糖饮料危害的受害者。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及建议少喝软饮料。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Two new studies shed light on the fact that some of us fall victim to the harm of sugary drinks more easily than others.(两项新的研究揭示了这样一个事实:我们中的一些人比其他人更容易成为含糖饮料危害的受害者。)”可知,这两项新研究的重点是含糖饮料的消费者。故选C。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study showed that the more unconscious positive judgments individuals had of soft drink advertising, the more soft drinks they consumed.(研究表明,人们对软饮料广告的无意识积极评价越多,他们就会喝更多的软饮料。)”可知,根据McGreen的调查可知,那些对软饮料有良好印象的人最有可能购买含糖饮料。故选C。
3.B 主旨大意题。最后一段中提到了对甜饮料征税可能是立刻减少人们消费的一种策略、McGreen还建议人们对软饮料的消费要有很强的自制力、McGreen还想禁止针对运动或吸引儿童的节目的软饮料广告,尤其重要的是,运动人士不要再成为垃圾食品和饮料的行走的广告牌。由此可知,最后一段主要讲的是关于减少软饮料消费的建议。故选B。
4.B 推理判断题。根据第一段提到了含糖饮料的问题及下文详细介绍了两项关于含糖饮料的研究开展过程以及建议少喝软饮料可知,文章可能选自报纸的“健康”部分。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.despite prep.即使 2.campaign n.运动;活动 3.highlight v.强调 4.consume v.吃;喝;消耗;消费 5.shed light on揭示;阐明 6.fall victim to...受……伤害 7.aim to do sth.力争做某事 8.relate...to...把……和……联系起来 9.appeal to...对……有吸引力
【差距词汇】 1.inhibitory adj.禁止的,抑制的
2.cognitive adj.认知的
长难句
原句 The study found that soft drink companies, like Coca-Cola and PepsiCo, have multi-billion dollar advertising and marketing budgets, aiming to “create, maintain and stimulate consumer demand around benefits related to happiness, social status, etc.”.
分析 该句是主从复合句。that引导宾语从句,aiming to...为现在分词短语作状语,过去分词短语related to...作后置定语,修饰benefits。
译文 研究发现,可口可乐和百事可乐等软饮料公司拥有数十亿美元的广告和营销预算,力争“围绕与幸福、社会地位等相关的益处创造、维持和刺激消费者的需求”。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了参加体育运动的益处。
5.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“in the hope that...when things get tough”可知,父母为你报名参加篮球、足球或游泳课程,希望你能从中学习到:以绅士的方式取胜,输了不失尊严,遇到困难时坚持下去。这说明父母希望他们的孩子参加体育活动时,能够克服障碍,提升自我,故选A。
6.D 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知,对我们来说,那种认为体育竞赛关乎更多的人生功课和性格塑造的想法已经被有关职业运动员的头条新闻掩盖。由此判断,运动对人的性格以及经验的好处并没有被大家过多关注,反倒是专业运动员的一些要闻引起人们更多的关注。故选D。
7.B 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知,堪萨斯大学健康、运动和运动科学系教授安吉拉·兰普金说:“然而,仍然有强有力的证据表明,体育运动能强有力地培养特定的个人品质。”接下来作者在本段最后三句又提到“对于任何年龄的运动员来说都是如此。业余运动为比赛提供了一个安全的场所。它们也提供了一个管理压力的练习场地”。由此推知,作者提到业余运动是为了说明兰普金的观点。故选B。
8.C 主旨大意题。根据最后一段第一句“The advantages of taking part in a sport can seep into your professional life, too.”和最后一句“All of that on-court experience has impacted the way you approach situations in reality.”以及中间列举的在篮球场上、在商界以及在体育赛事中的例子可知,体育运动影响着我们的职业生涯,影响着我们如何处理现实生活中的情况。故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.sign up for 报名参加 2.in the hope that...抱着……的希望 3.tough adj.艰难的;艰苦的 4.struggle v.努力;争取;奋斗 5.competition n.竞争;角逐;比赛;竞赛 6.impact v.(对某事物)有影响,有作用
【熟词生义】 approach v.着手处理,对付
【差距词汇】 1.dignity n.尊严,自尊 2.overshadow v.使黯然失色;掩盖 3.foster v.促进,助长
长难句
原句 They signed up for a basketball, football or swimming course for you in the hope that you might learn lessons on winning in a gentlemanly way, losing with dignity and insisting on it when things get tough.
分析 这是一个主从复合句。句中that引导同位语从句,同位语从句中并列连词and连接的三个动名词短语作介词on的宾语,在最后一个动名词短语中,连词when引导时间状语从句。
译文 他们为你报名参加篮球、足球或游泳课程,希望你能从中学到经验:以绅士的方式取胜,输了不失尊严,遇到困难时坚持下去。
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