2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第三册同步练习题--UNIT 3 Part 1 Reading and Thinking（答案与解析）
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2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第三册同步
UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.When we make a (政策), we are supposed to take many factors into account.
2.No one can deny the fact that one use of the satellite is to (播放) TV programs.
3.As an English teacher, you should master the current (/trend/) in language teaching.
4.Now the low c lifestyle is advocated, which is an important measure to protect our environment.
Ⅱ.一词多义
1.The new software is scheduled for release in May and we're looking forward to it.
词性: 词义:
2.The factory keeps releasing smoke, causing serious environmental pollution.
词性: 词义:
3.The kind girl made up her mind to release the bird from the cage straight away.
词性: 词义:
4.The new film will be released on April 10 in the cinema, and I guess you must be fond of it.
词性: 词义:
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.The speed of vehicles is restricted 30 mph in towns in this country.
2.At the last moment,the police officer seized the thief the arm.
3.The professor explained to us what (sustain) economic development was.
4.The “facepalm(捂脸)” is one of the 10 hottest emojis nowadays used by young people, which is (frequent) employed in online chats.
5.Our best way to remember Yuan Longping is to treasure every grain of rice as well as every day without (starve).
6.In terms of these problems, the article gives specific solutions from the
(ecology) perspective.
7.He arrives at school early every day and volunteers to help others,
(make) his teacher extremely satisfied.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.毫无疑问,家是一个成员们应该相互理解和享受爱的地方。(doubt)
home is a place where members should understand each other and enjoy love. (读后续写—主旨升华)
2.我们认为有必要抓住这次机会以增强人们对均衡饮食的意识。(seize,it作形式主语)
We think
to increase people's awareness of balanced diets.
3.在我们回家的路上,我们遇到了很多正在道路两旁植树的学生。(现在分词短语作后置定语)
On our way home, we met a lot of students
.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
In recent years, climate change has had a great impact 1 the animals. In 2013, the whole world 2 (shock) by a news photo of a dead polar bear on Norway's Arctic island of Svalbard. Due to the increase in temperature, 3 (probable), the polar bear died from lack of food.
What is causing the increase Climate scientists think it is the greenhouse effect, 4 includes the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect. The “man-made” greenhouse effect has become 5 big problem. People produce huge amounts of greenhouse gases, 6 (leave) more heat energy trapped in the atmosphere. The rise in temperature has led to an increase in natural 7 (disaster).
Climate scientists warn actions should be taken. Otherwise there will be a 8 (high) price to pay. Governments should take measures 9 (reduce) greenhouse gas emissions and individuals can also make a 10 (different) by reducing the carbon dioxide they produce.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2022云南玉溪期末)
Batik is a traditional Indonesian coloring method used to make designs and drawings, usually on cloth and finished textiles. Batik makers use dyes(染料)—colors added to cloth and other materials—to create the colorful designs.
In central Indonesia, many batik makers are using natural dyes instead of manufactured ones. The natural dyes come from mangrove forests (红树林) that grow along the coast. The trees grow in salty water on a complex system of tall roots.
Mangrove forests serve an important purpose. They provide a barrier against destructive ocean waves called tsunamis. They are also important to water life like fish and crabs. And the forests are more effective in taking in carbon dioxide, a gas linked to climate change, than rainforests or similar environments.
Erwin Ardli is a mangrove ecologist at Indonesia's Jenderal Soedirman University. He says the natural dyes may not be as bright as manufactured ones, but they are better for the environment.
Ardli said, “We've seen the interest in natural dyes increasing, and especially for middle class and upper class people, they seem proud to wear clothes using these natural dyes rather than synthetic (合成的) ones.”
Iiting Budiarti, who owns an art gallery that shows batik designs, agreed with Ardli, adding that objects with natural dyes can cost two or three times more than the synthetic ones.
Forty-eight-year-old Sodikin is a batik maker. Over the past four years, he and his group of batik makers have changed from using chemical materials for dyes to mangrove-based products. The change has reduced their costs and helped the environment. Harvesting involves gathering a handful of what looks like string beans—seeds within a covering. Sodikin then takes the mangrove fruit home to make natural dyes from them.
“We use natural materials so as to preserve the mangrove forest at the same time,” Sodikin said. “We do not cut down the trees,” he added, “and we only take fruits or leaves that have fallen.”
1.What does the underlined word “Batik” in Paragraph 1 refer to
A.A traditional Indonesian color.
B.A way of coloring.
C.A kind of cloth.
D.A material for designs.
2.Why does the author introduce the mangrove forests in Paragraph 3
A.To research the source of the natural dyes.
B.To explain why mangroves are there.
C.To show the importance of mangroves.
D.To compare mangroves with other trees.
3.What can we say about the natural dyes in Indonesia
A.They are bright enough.
B.They are expensive.
C.They are hard to get.
D.They are environmentally friendly.
4.Which of the following can be the best title
A.Natural Dyes for Cloth Design Can Help Mangrove Forests
B.The Mangrove Forests in Indonesia
C.A New Coloring Method
D.The Natural Dyes and Synthetic Ones
B
(2022山西长治名校联盟联考)
Next to a tall building, the Muziekplein forest is one of seven such special and very small forests in the Dutch city of Utrecht, and 144 tiny forests across the Netherlands. It's about the size of a basketball court. Before it was planted, the area was a parking lot.
By the end of this year, according to IVN Nature Education, an organization leading the country's plan, there will be 200 such small forests in the Netherlands. In many other countries, communities are creating such small-area and native forests in response to big environmental challenges. The forests can be in any shape, but must be at least four meters wide based on IVN's instructions. A tiny forest can be built under a year. And it generally includes between 20 and 40 different tree species.
Since the first forest was planted in the Netherlands in 2015, the idea has become popular. Daan Bleichrodt launched IVN's Tiny Forest plan with the goal of making it easier for children to know the significance of protecting the environment. He thinks it is popular because people are becoming more and more aware of major environmental challenges. It's a very practical way for people to do something positive considering climate change and loss of biodiversity.
Data released by Wageningen University researchers in April shows that the forests hold a range of animal and plant species. Across the 11 tiny forests in a study, volunteers observed 636 animal species. They also recognized 298 plant species in addition to the original species planted in the areas. Daily maintenance of the forests sometimes involves obliterating unwanted weeds, but in general, new plant species, such as wildflowers, are allowed to grow, according to Bleichrodt.
Suzanne Valkman, head of the World Wildlife Fund(WWF) Netherlands forests unit, said, “I was just amazed to see so many species were recognized.” A WWF report in 2020 found that wildlife populations in the Netherlands had decreased by half over the last three decades. Butterflies, birds and reptile species were particularly hard hit. Valkman said, “The Tiny Forest data shows that the small project can improve biodiversity in cities.”
5.What is the feature of the Muziekplein forest
A.It has a small size.
B.It includes only rare species.
C.It has an interesting shape.
D.It is beside a parking lot.
6.What's the purpose of creating tiny forests in the Dutch city
A.To make a great profit.
B.To raise the awareness of kids' education.
C.To set an example to other countries.
D.To help improve the local environment.
7.What does the underlined word “obliterating” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Checking. B.Protecting.
C.Removing. D.Discovering.
8.Why did the author mention Suzanne Valkman's words
A.To describe the situation of wildlife species.
B.To show the effects of the Tiny Forest plan.
C.To explain the importance of biodiversity.
D.To encourage all of us to plant more trees.
Ⅲ.七选五
(2023山东济宁一中期末)
If you're looking for something fun to do, pack a picnic dinner and take your family or friends to a beautiful place to eat. However, there's a wrong trend—view picnics as an excuse to transport food in single-use plastic containers. Sure, it means the clean-up is easy at the moment, but it just puts it off to a later point, when it takes the form of the volunteer clean-up and landfill management. 1 What follows is advice on how to pack such a picnic.
●Use food containers wisely
Using reusable containers is the easiest way to reduce waste. 2 For example, to reduce packaging, you can take along things like a loaf of bread, a whole watermelon, whole vegetables, a knife and a board to cut your food when you're ready to eat.These things don't have to be done and sealed before you leave the house.
●Choose real cutlery(餐具)
Using washable dishes and cutlery for a picnic does not require much more work than single-use ones.
You'd have to carry the waste out anyway in a trash bag, so why not pack your dirty plates and cutlery into a bag and put them in the dishwasher at home 3
●Think about the drinks
Forget the single-use, single-serve drink bottles. 4 Fill a large thermos (保温瓶) or personal water bottles with water, juice or lemonade at pared with a single-use plastic cup, they have the added advantage of keeping your drinks cold for longer.
●Put cloth bags to good use
Cloth bags are amazing. I use them for so much more than just buying food at the store. They're perfect for packing sandwiches, dried or fresh fruit, and other snack foods. You can use them to pack glasses or plates to prevent breaking. They can also work as a napkin, tea towel, or garbage bag if needed. 5
A.Be sure to add a few to your picnic basket.
B.There are some healthy dishes you can make or buy.
C.To avoid this, a plastic-free picnic can be a brilliant idea.
D.If you're worried about breaking, take some light camping plates.
E.Instead, just bring along a tablecloth to spread on the ground.
F.These create a huge amount of waste, which can be easily avoided.
G.In addition, keep in mind that you don't have to pre-pack everything.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.policy 2.broadcast 3.trend 4.carbon
Ⅱ.1.名词;发布 句意:这个新软件定于5月发布,我们期待着它(的到来)。
2.动词;排放 句意:这个工厂总是排放烟雾,造成了严重的环境污染。
3.动词;释放 句意:这个善良的女孩下定决心立刻把鸟从笼子里放出来。
4.动词;上映 句意:这部新片将于4月10日在电影院上映,我猜你一定会喜欢它的。
Ⅲ.1.to 考查介词。be restricted to为固定搭配,表示“被限制于……”,故填to。
2.by 考查介词。“seize sb. by the+身体部位”意为“抓住某人的某个部位”。
3.sustainable 考查形容词。句意:教授向我们解释了什么是可持续性经济发展。空格处修饰名词development,作定语,应用形容词sustainable,表示“可持续的”。
4.frequently 考查副词。句意:“捂脸”是现在年轻人使用的最热门的10个表情符号之一,它在网络聊天中被频繁使用。空格处位于助动词is和过去分词employed之间,作状语,表示“经常地;频繁地”。故用副词形式。
5.starvation 考查名词。句意:我们缅怀袁隆平最好的方式就是珍惜每一粒大米和没有饥饿的每一天。由语境可知without 作后置定语,修饰every day。空格处作介词without的宾语,表示“没有饥饿”。故用名词形式。
6.ecological 考查形容词。句意:就这些问题而言,这篇文章从生态学的视角给出了具体的解决方案。设空处修饰其后的perspective,应用形容词ecological。
7.making 考查现在分词。句意:他每天都早早到校并且自告奋勇帮助其他人,这使他的老师极其满意。句中已有谓语动词,此处应用非谓语动词的一种形式,结合句意可知此处表示自然而然的结果,应用现在分词。故填making。
Ⅳ.1.There is no doubt that 2.it is necessary to seize the opportunity 3.planting trees on/along both sides of the road
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.on/upon 考查介词。have an impact on/upon为固定搭配,表示“对……有影响”。
2.was shocked 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。 本句时间状语为In 2013,故用一般过去时。the whole world与shock为被动关系(整个世界被震惊),故用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为单数,故填was shocked。
3.probably 考查副词。设空处后面句子主干成分完整,故设空处用副词probably作状语,表示“北极熊可能死于缺少食物”。
4.which 考查定语从句。设空处所在句意为:气候科学家认为它是温室效应,温室效应包括“自然的”温室效应和“人为制造的”温室效应。由句意可知设空处应指温室效应。设空处无提示词,且前面只有逗号,没有连词,故设空处应引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中作主语,故用which。
5.a 考查冠词。本句说明人为制造的温室效应已经变成了一个大问题。空格处修饰problem,表示泛指。big以辅音音素开头,故填a。
6.leaving 考查现在分词。 空格处所在句已有谓语(produce),且空格前没有连词,故设空处应填非谓语动词。设空处上文意为:人们制造出大量的温室气体,下文(使更多的热能被困在大气层)是上文所描述情况的自然而然的结果,所以用现在分词形式作结果状语。
7.disasters 考查名词复数。空格处陈述的自然灾害显然不止一种,故用名词的复数形式。
8.higher 考查形容词比较级。根据Otherwise可知这里含有比较意味,即采取措施要付出的代价与不采取措施要付出的代价对比,很明显,不采取措施要付出的代价更高,故用形容词的比较级。
9.to reduce 考查不定式。take measures to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“采取措施做某事”。
10.difference 考查名词。make a difference为固定搭配,表示“有影响;有作用”。
Ⅱ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印度尼西亚中部很多蜡染从业者利用自然染料对布料进行染色,而这种自然染料来自红树林,红树林有助于保护环境,同时红树林也是对抗海啸的屏障。
1.B 词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句中的“Batik is a traditional Indonesian coloring method”可知,蜡染是印尼传统的着色方法。故选B。
易错归因 本题容易误选A,A项属于断章取义错误。A项与文中出现的“a traditional Indonesian coloring method”有多个原词复现,但要注意原文中的coloring是修饰method的,batik是一种方法而不是颜色。
2.C 推理判断题。第三段第一句“Mangrove forests serve an important purpose.”为本段的主题句,该段主要讲了红树林起着重要的作用,从而为下文讲的“使用来自红树林的自然染料对环境有好处”打下基础,故选C。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“the natural dyes may not be as bright as manufactured ones, but they are better for the environment”可知,自然染料没有人造染料亮,但却更环保。故选D。
4.A 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了印度尼西亚中部很多蜡染从业者利用自然染料对布料进行染色,而这种自然染料来自红树林的果实和叶子,所以这种自然染料的应用不但不需要砍伐红树林,反而保护了红树林,而红树林有助于保护环境。所以A项“用于布料设计的自然染料能够帮助红树林”适合作为文章标题。
【高频词汇】 1.design n.装饰图案;设计;布局;设计艺术;构思 2.complex adj.复杂的;难懂的;费解的
3.barrier n.屏障;障碍 4.effective adj.有效的;产生预期结果的;实际的;事实上的 5.take in吸收;领会;欺骗 6.rather than而不是 7.reduce v.减少;缩小(尺寸、数量、价格等) 8.harvest v.收割(庄稼);捕猎(动物);采集 9.involve v.包含;涉及;牵涉 10.preserve v.保护
【差距词汇】 1.textile n.纺织品 2.manufacture v.生产,制造
长难句
原句 Iiting Budiarti, who owns an art gallery that shows batik designs, agreed with Ardli, adding that objects with natural dyes can cost two or three times more than the synthetic ones.
分析 这是一个主从复合句。句中“who owns an...designs”为who引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Iiting Budiarti,该定语从句中又含有一个that引导的定语从句(that shows batik designs),修饰先行词art gallery;现在分词短语adding...作状语,adding后的that引导宾语从句。
译文 Iiting Budiarti拥有一家展示蜡染装饰图案的美术馆,他同意Ardli的观点,并补充说,使用自然染料的物品比使用合成染料的物品要贵两到三倍。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰通过建造小森林来改善城市环境。
5.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“such special and very small forests”和“It's about the size of a basketball court.”可知,Muziekplein森林的特点是规模很小。故选A。
6.D 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Daan Bleichrodt launched IVN's Tiny Forest plan with the goal of making it easier for children to know the significance of protecting the environment...It's a very practical way for people to do something positive considering climate change and loss of biodiversity.”可知,建造这样的小森林是为了让孩子们知道保护环境的重要性,并为防止气候变化和物种多样性流失做一些事情。由此推知,在荷兰的城市里建造小森林的目的是帮助改善当地环境。故选D。
7.C 词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“in general, new plant species, such as wildflowers, are allowed to grow”可知,通常新的植物物种,如野花,可以被允许生长,结合but可知前面的“Daily maintenance of the forests sometimes involves obliterating unwanted weeds”中的obliterating表示“去除”。故选C。
8.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Suzanne Valkman的话“看到这么多物种被认出,我非常惊讶”和“‘小森林’的数据表明,这个小项目可以改善城市的生物多样性”可知,作者提到Suzanne Valkman的话是为了展示“小森林”计划的效果很好。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.next to 紧邻,在……近旁 2.in response to...作为对……的响应 3.challenge n.挑战;艰巨任务 4.launch vt.开始从事,发起,发动(尤指有组织的活动);发射 5.significance n.意义;(尤指对将来有影响的)重要性 6.become aware of意识到,知道 7.major adj.主要的;大的;重要的;严重 8.a range of一系列 9.in addition to除……以外(还) 10.in general通常,总的说来 11.decrease v.减少;(使大小、数量等)减小;降低 12.decade n.十年
【差距词汇】 reptile n.爬行动物
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无塑料野餐,并给出了具体的建议。
1.C 过渡句。设空处与上下文构成的语义结构为:当然,这意味着目前的清理工作很容易,但这只是把它推迟到以后,那时候它表现为志愿者清理和垃圾填埋管理的形式。→ 1 →以下是关于如何打包这样的野餐的建议。C项“为了避免这种情况,无塑料野餐是一个很好的主意。”承上启下,符合语境。
2.G 细节句。设空处上文提到“使用可重复使用的容器是减少浪费最简单的方法”,设空处下文提到“比如,为了减少包装,你可以随身携带一些东西,像一条面包、一整个西瓜、整个的蔬菜、当你准备吃东西的时候用来切食物的刀和板。这些东西在你离开家之前都不必处理和密封”,G项“此外,记住,你不必预先打包所有的东西。”与上文是递进关系,且与下文内容所述意义一致。
3.D 细节句。设空处上文提到“无论如何,你都得把垃圾装进垃圾袋里带走,所以为什么不把脏盘子和餐具装进袋子里,然后把它们放进家里的洗碗机里呢 ”,D项“如果你担心打碎(盘子),带一些轻的露营盘子。”承接上文,进一步补充说明人们自带餐具可能会产生的担忧,并给出了解决措施。
4.F 过渡句。设空处与上下文构成的语义结构为:忘记那些一次性使用、一次性服务的饮料瓶。→ 4 →在家里把一个大保温瓶或个人水瓶装满水、果汁或柠檬味汽水。与一次性塑料杯相比,它们还有额外的优势,可以让你的饮料保持更长时间的低温。F项“这些造成大量的浪费,这是能够很容易避免的。”承上启下,符合语境。F项中的These指代上文提到的drink bottles。
5.A 细节句。设空处上文提到“它们非常适合包装三明治、干果或新鲜水果以及其他零食。你可以用它们来包装杯子或盘子,以防止破碎。如果需要的话,它们也可以用作餐巾、茶巾或垃圾袋”,这是在讲述布袋的益处,A项“一定要在你的野餐篮子里加几个。”是对上文的补充,讲完益处之后讲对应的做法。故选A。
【高频词汇】 1.pack v.包裹;收拾(行李) 2.excuse n.借口 3.transport v.运输 4.compared with...与……相比 5.put...to good use将……充分利用 6.prevent v.预防;阻止 7.brilliant adj.很好的;聪颖的;巧妙的;明亮的 8.a huge amount of大量的 9.in addition 此外
【差距词汇】 seal v.密封
长难句
原句 Sure, it means the clean-up is easy at the moment, but it just puts it off to a later point, when it takes the form of the volunteer clean-up and landfill management.
分析 这是一个并列复合句。句中连词but连接两个并列分句。在第一个分句中,means后面为省略了that的宾语从句;在第二个分句中,when引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词a later point。
译文 当然,这意味着目前的清理工作很容易,但这只是把它推迟到以后,那时候它表现为志愿者清理和垃圾填埋管理的形式。
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2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第三册同步
UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.When we make a (政策), we are supposed to take many factors into account.
2.No one can deny the fact that one use of the satellite is to (播放) TV programs.
3.As an English teacher, you should master the current (/trend/) in language teaching.
4.Now the low c lifestyle is advocated, which is an important measure to protect our environment.
Ⅱ.一词多义
1.The new software is scheduled for release in May and we're looking forward to it.
词性: 词义:
2.The factory keeps releasing smoke, causing serious environmental pollution.
词性: 词义:
3.The kind girl made up her mind to release the bird from the cage straight away.
词性: 词义:
4.The new film will be released on April 10 in the cinema, and I guess you must be fond of it.
词性: 词义:
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.The speed of vehicles is restricted 30 mph in towns in this country.
2.At the last moment,the police officer seized the thief the arm.
3.The professor explained to us what (sustain) economic development was.
4.The “facepalm(捂脸)” is one of the 10 hottest emojis nowadays used by young people, which is (frequent) employed in online chats.
5.Our best way to remember Yuan Longping is to treasure every grain of rice as well as every day without (starve).
6.In terms of these problems, the article gives specific solutions from the
(ecology) perspective.
7.He arrives at school early every day and volunteers to help others,
(make) his teacher extremely satisfied.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.毫无疑问,家是一个成员们应该相互理解和享受爱的地方。(doubt)
home is a place where members should understand each other and enjoy love. (读后续写—主旨升华)
2.我们认为有必要抓住这次机会以增强人们对均衡饮食的意识。(seize,it作形式主语)
We think
to increase people's awareness of balanced diets.
3.在我们回家的路上,我们遇到了很多正在道路两旁植树的学生。(现在分词短语作后置定语)
On our way home, we met a lot of students
.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
In recent years, climate change has had a great impact 1 the animals. In 2013, the whole world 2 (shock) by a news photo of a dead polar bear on Norway's Arctic island of Svalbard. Due to the increase in temperature, 3 (probable), the polar bear died from lack of food.
What is causing the increase Climate scientists think it is the greenhouse effect, 4 includes the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect. The “man-made” greenhouse effect has become 5 big problem. People produce huge amounts of greenhouse gases, 6 (leave) more heat energy trapped in the atmosphere. The rise in temperature has led to an increase in natural 7 (disaster).
Climate scientists warn actions should be taken. Otherwise there will be a 8 (high) price to pay. Governments should take measures 9 (reduce) greenhouse gas emissions and individuals can also make a 10 (different) by reducing the carbon dioxide they produce.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2022云南玉溪期末)
Batik is a traditional Indonesian coloring method used to make designs and drawings, usually on cloth and finished textiles. Batik makers use dyes(染料)—colors added to cloth and other materials—to create the colorful designs.
In central Indonesia, many batik makers are using natural dyes instead of manufactured ones. The natural dyes come from mangrove forests (红树林) that grow along the coast. The trees grow in salty water on a complex system of tall roots.
Mangrove forests serve an important purpose. They provide a barrier against destructive ocean waves called tsunamis. They are also important to water life like fish and crabs. And the forests are more effective in taking in carbon dioxide, a gas linked to climate change, than rainforests or similar environments.
Erwin Ardli is a mangrove ecologist at Indonesia's Jenderal Soedirman University. He says the natural dyes may not be as bright as manufactured ones, but they are better for the environment.
Ardli said, “We've seen the interest in natural dyes increasing, and especially for middle class and upper class people, they seem proud to wear clothes using these natural dyes rather than synthetic (合成的) ones.”
Iiting Budiarti, who owns an art gallery that shows batik designs, agreed with Ardli, adding that objects with natural dyes can cost two or three times more than the synthetic ones.
Forty-eight-year-old Sodikin is a batik maker. Over the past four years, he and his group of batik makers have changed from using chemical materials for dyes to mangrove-based products. The change has reduced their costs and helped the environment. Harvesting involves gathering a handful of what looks like string beans—seeds within a covering. Sodikin then takes the mangrove fruit home to make natural dyes from them.
“We use natural materials so as to preserve the mangrove forest at the same time,” Sodikin said. “We do not cut down the trees,” he added, “and we only take fruits or leaves that have fallen.”
1.What does the underlined word “Batik” in Paragraph 1 refer to
A.A traditional Indonesian color.
B.A way of coloring.
C.A kind of cloth.
D.A material for designs.
2.Why does the author introduce the mangrove forests in Paragraph 3
A.To research the source of the natural dyes.
B.To explain why mangroves are there.
C.To show the importance of mangroves.
D.To compare mangroves with other trees.
3.What can we say about the natural dyes in Indonesia
A.They are bright enough.
B.They are expensive.
C.They are hard to get.
D.They are environmentally friendly.
4.Which of the following can be the best title
A.Natural Dyes for Cloth Design Can Help Mangrove Forests
B.The Mangrove Forests in Indonesia
C.A New Coloring Method
D.The Natural Dyes and Synthetic Ones
B
(2022山西长治名校联盟联考)
Next to a tall building, the Muziekplein forest is one of seven such special and very small forests in the Dutch city of Utrecht, and 144 tiny forests across the Netherlands. It's about the size of a basketball court. Before it was planted, the area was a parking lot.
By the end of this year, according to IVN Nature Education, an organization leading the country's plan, there will be 200 such small forests in the Netherlands. In many other countries, communities are creating such small-area and native forests in response to big environmental challenges. The forests can be in any shape, but must be at least four meters wide based on IVN's instructions. A tiny forest can be built under a year. And it generally includes between 20 and 40 different tree species.
Since the first forest was planted in the Netherlands in 2015, the idea has become popular. Daan Bleichrodt launched IVN's Tiny Forest plan with the goal of making it easier for children to know the significance of protecting the environment. He thinks it is popular because people are becoming more and more aware of major environmental challenges. It's a very practical way for people to do something positive considering climate change and loss of biodiversity.
Data released by Wageningen University researchers in April shows that the forests hold a range of animal and plant species. Across the 11 tiny forests in a study, volunteers observed 636 animal species. They also recognized 298 plant species in addition to the original species planted in the areas. Daily maintenance of the forests sometimes involves obliterating unwanted weeds, but in general, new plant species, such as wildflowers, are allowed to grow, according to Bleichrodt.
Suzanne Valkman, head of the World Wildlife Fund(WWF) Netherlands forests unit, said, “I was just amazed to see so many species were recognized.” A WWF report in 2020 found that wildlife populations in the Netherlands had decreased by half over the last three decades. Butterflies, birds and reptile species were particularly hard hit. Valkman said, “The Tiny Forest data shows that the small project can improve biodiversity in cities.”
5.What is the feature of the Muziekplein forest
A.It has a small size.
B.It includes only rare species.
C.It has an interesting shape.
D.It is beside a parking lot.
6.What's the purpose of creating tiny forests in the Dutch city
A.To make a great profit.
B.To raise the awareness of kids' education.
C.To set an example to other countries.
D.To help improve the local environment.
7.What does the underlined word “obliterating” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Checking. B.Protecting.
C.Removing. D.Discovering.
8.Why did the author mention Suzanne Valkman's words
A.To describe the situation of wildlife species.
B.To show the effects of the Tiny Forest plan.
C.To explain the importance of biodiversity.
D.To encourage all of us to plant more trees.
Ⅲ.七选五
(2023山东济宁一中期末)
If you're looking for something fun to do, pack a picnic dinner and take your family or friends to a beautiful place to eat. However, there's a wrong trend—view picnics as an excuse to transport food in single-use plastic containers. Sure, it means the clean-up is easy at the moment, but it just puts it off to a later point, when it takes the form of the volunteer clean-up and landfill management. 1 What follows is advice on how to pack such a picnic.
●Use food containers wisely
Using reusable containers is the easiest way to reduce waste. 2 For example, to reduce packaging, you can take along things like a loaf of bread, a whole watermelon, whole vegetables, a knife and a board to cut your food when you're ready to eat.These things don't have to be done and sealed before you leave the house.
●Choose real cutlery(餐具)
Using washable dishes and cutlery for a picnic does not require much more work than single-use ones.
You'd have to carry the waste out anyway in a trash bag, so why not pack your dirty plates and cutlery into a bag and put them in the dishwasher at home 3
●Think about the drinks
Forget the single-use, single-serve drink bottles. 4 Fill a large thermos (保温瓶) or personal water bottles with water, juice or lemonade at pared with a single-use plastic cup, they have the added advantage of keeping your drinks cold for longer.
●Put cloth bags to good use
Cloth bags are amazing. I use them for so much more than just buying food at the store. They're perfect for packing sandwiches, dried or fresh fruit, and other snack foods. You can use them to pack glasses or plates to prevent breaking. They can also work as a napkin, tea towel, or garbage bag if needed. 5
A.Be sure to add a few to your picnic basket.
B.There are some healthy dishes you can make or buy.
C.To avoid this, a plastic-free picnic can be a brilliant idea.
D.If you're worried about breaking, take some light camping plates.
E.Instead, just bring along a tablecloth to spread on the ground.
F.These create a huge amount of waste, which can be easily avoided.
G.In addition, keep in mind that you don't have to pre-pack everything.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.policy 2.broadcast 3.trend 4.carbon
Ⅱ.1.名词;发布 句意:这个新软件定于5月发布,我们期待着它(的到来)。
2.动词;排放 句意:这个工厂总是排放烟雾,造成了严重的环境污染。
3.动词;释放 句意:这个善良的女孩下定决心立刻把鸟从笼子里放出来。
4.动词;上映 句意:这部新片将于4月10日在电影院上映,我猜你一定会喜欢它的。
Ⅲ.1.to 考查介词。be restricted to为固定搭配,表示“被限制于……”,故填to。
2.by 考查介词。“seize sb. by the+身体部位”意为“抓住某人的某个部位”。
3.sustainable 考查形容词。句意:教授向我们解释了什么是可持续性经济发展。空格处修饰名词development,作定语,应用形容词sustainable,表示“可持续的”。
4.frequently 考查副词。句意:“捂脸”是现在年轻人使用的最热门的10个表情符号之一,它在网络聊天中被频繁使用。空格处位于助动词is和过去分词employed之间,作状语,表示“经常地;频繁地”。故用副词形式。
5.starvation 考查名词。句意:我们缅怀袁隆平最好的方式就是珍惜每一粒大米和没有饥饿的每一天。由语境可知without 作后置定语,修饰every day。空格处作介词without的宾语,表示“没有饥饿”。故用名词形式。
6.ecological 考查形容词。句意:就这些问题而言,这篇文章从生态学的视角给出了具体的解决方案。设空处修饰其后的perspective,应用形容词ecological。
7.making 考查现在分词。句意:他每天都早早到校并且自告奋勇帮助其他人,这使他的老师极其满意。句中已有谓语动词,此处应用非谓语动词的一种形式,结合句意可知此处表示自然而然的结果,应用现在分词。故填making。
Ⅳ.1.There is no doubt that 2.it is necessary to seize the opportunity 3.planting trees on/along both sides of the road
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.on/upon 考查介词。have an impact on/upon为固定搭配,表示“对……有影响”。
2.was shocked 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。 本句时间状语为In 2013,故用一般过去时。the whole world与shock为被动关系(整个世界被震惊),故用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为单数,故填was shocked。
3.probably 考查副词。设空处后面句子主干成分完整,故设空处用副词probably作状语,表示“北极熊可能死于缺少食物”。
4.which 考查定语从句。设空处所在句意为:气候科学家认为它是温室效应,温室效应包括“自然的”温室效应和“人为制造的”温室效应。由句意可知设空处应指温室效应。设空处无提示词,且前面只有逗号,没有连词,故设空处应引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中作主语,故用which。
5.a 考查冠词。本句说明人为制造的温室效应已经变成了一个大问题。空格处修饰problem,表示泛指。big以辅音音素开头,故填a。
6.leaving 考查现在分词。 空格处所在句已有谓语(produce),且空格前没有连词,故设空处应填非谓语动词。设空处上文意为:人们制造出大量的温室气体,下文(使更多的热能被困在大气层)是上文所描述情况的自然而然的结果,所以用现在分词形式作结果状语。
7.disasters 考查名词复数。空格处陈述的自然灾害显然不止一种,故用名词的复数形式。
8.higher 考查形容词比较级。根据Otherwise可知这里含有比较意味,即采取措施要付出的代价与不采取措施要付出的代价对比,很明显,不采取措施要付出的代价更高,故用形容词的比较级。
9.to reduce 考查不定式。take measures to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“采取措施做某事”。
10.difference 考查名词。make a difference为固定搭配,表示“有影响;有作用”。
Ⅱ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印度尼西亚中部很多蜡染从业者利用自然染料对布料进行染色,而这种自然染料来自红树林,红树林有助于保护环境,同时红树林也是对抗海啸的屏障。
1.B 词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句中的“Batik is a traditional Indonesian coloring method”可知,蜡染是印尼传统的着色方法。故选B。
易错归因 本题容易误选A,A项属于断章取义错误。A项与文中出现的“a traditional Indonesian coloring method”有多个原词复现,但要注意原文中的coloring是修饰method的,batik是一种方法而不是颜色。
2.C 推理判断题。第三段第一句“Mangrove forests serve an important purpose.”为本段的主题句,该段主要讲了红树林起着重要的作用,从而为下文讲的“使用来自红树林的自然染料对环境有好处”打下基础,故选C。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“the natural dyes may not be as bright as manufactured ones, but they are better for the environment”可知,自然染料没有人造染料亮,但却更环保。故选D。
4.A 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了印度尼西亚中部很多蜡染从业者利用自然染料对布料进行染色,而这种自然染料来自红树林的果实和叶子,所以这种自然染料的应用不但不需要砍伐红树林,反而保护了红树林,而红树林有助于保护环境。所以A项“用于布料设计的自然染料能够帮助红树林”适合作为文章标题。
【高频词汇】 1.design n.装饰图案;设计;布局;设计艺术;构思 2.complex adj.复杂的;难懂的;费解的
3.barrier n.屏障;障碍 4.effective adj.有效的;产生预期结果的;实际的;事实上的 5.take in吸收;领会;欺骗 6.rather than而不是 7.reduce v.减少;缩小(尺寸、数量、价格等) 8.harvest v.收割(庄稼);捕猎(动物);采集 9.involve v.包含;涉及;牵涉 10.preserve v.保护
【差距词汇】 1.textile n.纺织品 2.manufacture v.生产,制造
长难句
原句 Iiting Budiarti, who owns an art gallery that shows batik designs, agreed with Ardli, adding that objects with natural dyes can cost two or three times more than the synthetic ones.
分析 这是一个主从复合句。句中“who owns an...designs”为who引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Iiting Budiarti,该定语从句中又含有一个that引导的定语从句(that shows batik designs),修饰先行词art gallery;现在分词短语adding...作状语,adding后的that引导宾语从句。
译文 Iiting Budiarti拥有一家展示蜡染装饰图案的美术馆,他同意Ardli的观点,并补充说,使用自然染料的物品比使用合成染料的物品要贵两到三倍。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰通过建造小森林来改善城市环境。
5.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“such special and very small forests”和“It's about the size of a basketball court.”可知,Muziekplein森林的特点是规模很小。故选A。
6.D 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Daan Bleichrodt launched IVN's Tiny Forest plan with the goal of making it easier for children to know the significance of protecting the environment...It's a very practical way for people to do something positive considering climate change and loss of biodiversity.”可知,建造这样的小森林是为了让孩子们知道保护环境的重要性,并为防止气候变化和物种多样性流失做一些事情。由此推知,在荷兰的城市里建造小森林的目的是帮助改善当地环境。故选D。
7.C 词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“in general, new plant species, such as wildflowers, are allowed to grow”可知,通常新的植物物种,如野花,可以被允许生长,结合but可知前面的“Daily maintenance of the forests sometimes involves obliterating unwanted weeds”中的obliterating表示“去除”。故选C。
8.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Suzanne Valkman的话“看到这么多物种被认出,我非常惊讶”和“‘小森林’的数据表明,这个小项目可以改善城市的生物多样性”可知,作者提到Suzanne Valkman的话是为了展示“小森林”计划的效果很好。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.next to 紧邻,在……近旁 2.in response to...作为对……的响应 3.challenge n.挑战;艰巨任务 4.launch vt.开始从事,发起,发动(尤指有组织的活动);发射 5.significance n.意义;(尤指对将来有影响的)重要性 6.become aware of意识到,知道 7.major adj.主要的;大的;重要的;严重 8.a range of一系列 9.in addition to除……以外(还) 10.in general通常,总的说来 11.decrease v.减少;(使大小、数量等)减小;降低 12.decade n.十年
【差距词汇】 reptile n.爬行动物
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无塑料野餐,并给出了具体的建议。
1.C 过渡句。设空处与上下文构成的语义结构为:当然,这意味着目前的清理工作很容易,但这只是把它推迟到以后,那时候它表现为志愿者清理和垃圾填埋管理的形式。→ 1 →以下是关于如何打包这样的野餐的建议。C项“为了避免这种情况,无塑料野餐是一个很好的主意。”承上启下,符合语境。
2.G 细节句。设空处上文提到“使用可重复使用的容器是减少浪费最简单的方法”,设空处下文提到“比如,为了减少包装,你可以随身携带一些东西,像一条面包、一整个西瓜、整个的蔬菜、当你准备吃东西的时候用来切食物的刀和板。这些东西在你离开家之前都不必处理和密封”,G项“此外,记住,你不必预先打包所有的东西。”与上文是递进关系,且与下文内容所述意义一致。
3.D 细节句。设空处上文提到“无论如何,你都得把垃圾装进垃圾袋里带走,所以为什么不把脏盘子和餐具装进袋子里,然后把它们放进家里的洗碗机里呢 ”,D项“如果你担心打碎(盘子),带一些轻的露营盘子。”承接上文,进一步补充说明人们自带餐具可能会产生的担忧,并给出了解决措施。
4.F 过渡句。设空处与上下文构成的语义结构为:忘记那些一次性使用、一次性服务的饮料瓶。→ 4 →在家里把一个大保温瓶或个人水瓶装满水、果汁或柠檬味汽水。与一次性塑料杯相比,它们还有额外的优势,可以让你的饮料保持更长时间的低温。F项“这些造成大量的浪费,这是能够很容易避免的。”承上启下,符合语境。F项中的These指代上文提到的drink bottles。
5.A 细节句。设空处上文提到“它们非常适合包装三明治、干果或新鲜水果以及其他零食。你可以用它们来包装杯子或盘子,以防止破碎。如果需要的话,它们也可以用作餐巾、茶巾或垃圾袋”,这是在讲述布袋的益处,A项“一定要在你的野餐篮子里加几个。”是对上文的补充,讲完益处之后讲对应的做法。故选A。
【高频词汇】 1.pack v.包裹;收拾(行李) 2.excuse n.借口 3.transport v.运输 4.compared with...与……相比 5.put...to good use将……充分利用 6.prevent v.预防;阻止 7.brilliant adj.很好的;聪颖的;巧妙的;明亮的 8.a huge amount of大量的 9.in addition 此外
【差距词汇】 seal v.密封
长难句
原句 Sure, it means the clean-up is easy at the moment, but it just puts it off to a later point, when it takes the form of the volunteer clean-up and landfill management.
分析 这是一个并列复合句。句中连词but连接两个并列分句。在第一个分句中,means后面为省略了that的宾语从句;在第二个分句中,when引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词a later point。
译文 当然,这意味着目前的清理工作很容易,但这只是把它推迟到以后,那时候它表现为志愿者清理和垃圾填埋管理的形式。
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