2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第三册同步练习题--UNIT 4 Part 1 Reading and Thinking（答案与解析）
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2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第三册同步
UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.My deskmate was so (痛苦的) when he broke his ankle in the sports meeting.
2.In the swimming class, we first learn how to let the body not
(下沉)into the water.
3.To our relief, none of the passengers and (全体工作人员) were injured in the incident.
4.Li Ming wanted to see his brother off and went to the airport in a hurry, only to find that he had been already (/ b d/) the plane.
5.It is said that good medicine tastes b , but is good for health.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.Please take away all your (belong) when you leave the room.
2.At last, the lawyer's advice led to the (resolve) of this difficult problem.
3.Not all would-be employees are qualified the position for which they are being trained.
4.As you can see, the children were really encouraged, and they were also enthusiastic reading all of these books.
5.I couldn't help crying when I arrived at their wedding site. I was so
(envy)of their happiness.
6.Since they are going to move to another city,they have to abandon the furniture their neighbours.
7.Young people should be led to believe anything is possible and that nothing can stand in their way with determination and
(persevere).
8.By 12 April, 2022, more than one hundred people had been assigned
(support) that mountainous area.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.碰巧那封信还没有被寄走。(happen)
the letter hadn't been posted.
2.由于时间快用完了,救援人员决定破门而入去救那个女孩。(resolve)
With time running out,the rescuers
to save the girl.
3.因为玛丽走得像乌龟一样慢,所以她的妈妈一直在催促她。(as...as...)
Because Mary walks a turtle, her mother
her.(读后续写—动作描写)
4.他发现所有的钱都是他的了,他高兴得几乎说不出话来,但是他脸上露出了喜色。(so...that...)
Finding all the money belonged to him, he
he could hardly speak, but his face lit up.(读后续写—情绪、神态描写)
5.最近我一直在思考未来,我在想怎样才能实现自己的目标。
,wondering how I can achieve my goal.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Perce Blackborow had been dreaming of a wonderful adventure, so he didn't give up when Sir Ernest Shackleton turned down his request to join the expedition. Perce 1 (secret) hid in a cupboard, only 2 (find) after they set off. He felt fortunate and happy when he 3 (assign) as a steward instead of being sent back home.
It was a tough journey. The ship got 4 (stick) in the ice as they approached Antarctica and they had to abandon the ship. 5 the guidance of Sir Ernest, they 6 (throw) away nearly everything except necessities and a banjo, 7 kept their spirits up during the journey. Finally Sir Ernest left for South Georgia Island to find help. The desperate situation made young Perce Blackborow feel down and become bad-tempered. It was the genuine 8 (encourage) and concern from Frank Wild that cheered him up. Realizing that he shouldn't become selfish just because of 9 adversity they were faced with, he learned to be optimistic and 10 (determine).
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2022山东省济钢高级中学期末)
Beatrice De Lavalette was enthusiastic about horse-riding when she turned 3. Unfortunately, in the spring of 2016, 17-year-old De Lavalette was waiting for a flight when she got hit by a bombing at Brussels Airport. Along with serious burns, De Lavalette lost both legs below the knee. Yet she said but for the event, she wouldn't have been the person to join in the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games(残奥会).
Getting back in the saddle(马鞍)was no easy work because of her injuries. However, five months after the bombing, thanks to her courage, perseverance, further treatment and training, that's exactly where she was. “I had no muscle;I had just skin and bones. So being back in the saddle with no sense of balance was really uncomfortable. But with time, I was able to build up the muscle and work on my balance,” she said.
Unsurprisingly, De Lavalette was depressed as she tried to come to make peace with her injuries. She got lots of help and encouragement from her family, friends and the doctors, but she still couldn't pick herself up. She cried a lot in the hospital until an unexpected visitor, her beloved horse, DeeDee, turned things around for her. “DeeDee saved my life,” Beatrice said. Adjusting to her disabled body was, in many ways, like having to learn to ride all over again. And the Paralympics offered a perfect chance to show her hard-earned skills. “I can't change what happened, but I can still achieve my dream. As I have said many times, I was in the wrong place at the wrong time. What else is there to say There are no ‘what ifs’. I have a new life in front of me,” Beatrice said. “What's important is that I'm alive and I feel that I will do something great with my life.” We can say that she has already made it.
1.What was Beatrice's difficulty in training
A.Lack of friendship. B.Loss of balance.
C.Great physical pains. D.Continuous depression.
2.What played a key role in helping Beatrice get back in the saddle
A.Parents' love. B.Doctors' care.
C.DeeDee's company. D.Friends' encouragement.
3.What can we learn from Beatrice's words in the last paragraph
A.Time is a great healer. B.Hard work pays off.
C.Attitudes make a difference. D.Failure is the mother of success.
B
(2022江苏省上冈高级中学期中)
Two British teachers have broken the world record for the longest journey in a tuk-tuk after pulling their failing vehicle for 43 miles. Richard Sears and Nick Gough traveled 37,500 kilometers around the world and passed through 37 countries. They did this to support the grassroots education project in Africa, Asia and South America.
The pair, who set off from London, thought their expedition was over when the vehicle started to fail. When the tuk-tuk broke, they were only 43 miles from their destination. They decided to pull it through the rest of the way. The tuk-tuk,which weighs 800 kilograms, was pulled in turn by Richard and Nick over three days. On arrival in Chepen, Peru, they discovered a mechanic who specialized in tuk-tuks and managed to fix it.
The pair were back on the road and aiming for their next goal. Along their journey they had to tackle deserts and jungles. They also survived close encounters with elephants in Uganda and Botswana and an accident in Malaysia. The greatest hardship on the tuk-tuk was the mountain ranges lying in their path, including the Alps, the Himalayas and the Andes.
Nick and Richard uncovered some inspirational projects across Africa, Asia and South America. They witnessed firsthand the educational challenges faced by these areas today. They joined street children in the slums of Cairo, Khartoum, Kampala, Mumbai and Phnom Penh. They visited Congolese refugees(难民)in camps in Eastern Burundi.
The pair established The Tuk Tuk Educational Trust, a UK registered charity. Talking about their motive, Richard said, “The world's leaders have made a commitment to achieve universal primary education but over 57 million primary-aged children worldwide are still out of school;many more are in school, but still cannot have quality learning opportunities.”
4.Why did the two teachers travel around the world
A.To entertain themselves. B.To support an education project.
C.To create a new world record. D.To challenge themselves.
5.How far did the two teachers pull the tuk-tuk each day on average
A.A little more than 8 miles. B.20 miles.
C.43 miles. D.About 14 miles.
6.What is the third paragraph mainly about
A.How they realized their next goal.
B.Their exciting experience on the road.
C.The beautiful scenery of famous mountains.
D.The difficulties and dangers they faced in the journey.
7.Which best describes the two teachers
A.Courageous and responsible. B.Humorous and generous.
C.Curious and brave. D.Efficient and honest.
Ⅲ.七选五
Tips for overcoming adversity
◆Be aware, and accept that adversity is unavoidable in life. 1 To avoid or resist it will only make it persist (持续). Everywhere you look in the world is full of visible difficulties. There are disasters of all types such as floods, tsunamis and wars. Although miserable pain is unavoidable, suffering is optional.
◆Build your internal resources. Before adversity hits, work on cultivating (培养) emotional vigour, courage and discipline. When you make yourself aware that certain difficulties are unavoidable, you can prepare yourself mentally for facing adversity head-on. 2
◆Build your external resources. Build a support system of family and friends. 3 We need someone to talk to, and someone to help ease the burden. You would be surprised to discover how often a friend has had a similar experience and can help you get through the difficult time.
◆What does not defeat you will make you stronger. If you do not have enough built-up resilience (韧性) or experience in dealing with difficulties, adversity can crush you. 4 Resilience like any muscle is built up gradually with repeated exposure to adversity.
◆Draw inspiration and learn from others who have dealt successfully with adversity. There are many inspiring stories of people who overcame seemingly insurmountable (无法克服的) difficulties. 5 For example, when Helen Keller was only 18 months old, she lost her sight and hearing due to a mysterious fever. She overcame her deafness and blindness to become a strong and educated woman.
A.Whether we like it or not, adversity is part of life.
B.But just knowing that a friend is there can be most comforting.
C.But if you have sufficient resilience, it will make you stronger.
D.He prepares himself physically and mentally for any possibility.
E.When the going gets tough, we all need encouragement and support.
F.Usually, when you're prepared for the worst, the worst never happens.
G.They overcame adversity to live successful lives instead of yielding to it.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.miserable 2.sink 3.crew 4.aboard 5.bitter
Ⅱ.1.belongings 考查名词。设空处被all your修饰,故填名词。这里指“拿走你所有的东西”,故用belongings,意为“财物,动产”。
2.resolution 考查名词。句意:最终,律师的建议解决了这个难题。分析句子结构可知,空前的定冠词the和空后的of构成“the...of...”结构,此处为中心词,应该使用名词形式,表示“(问题、分歧等的)解决,消除”,故填resolution。
3.for 考查介词。句意:不是所有想成为雇员的人都能胜任他们正为之培训的职位。be qualified for...表示“能胜任某事;具备……的资格”。故填for。
4.about 考查介词。句意:正如你所看到的,孩子们很受鼓舞,并且他们也对阅读所有这些书非常感兴趣。be enthusiastic about doing sth.对做某事极感兴趣。故填about。
5.envious 考查形容词。句意:当我到达他们的婚礼现场时,我忍不住哭了。我非常羡慕他们的幸福。be envious of表示“羡慕/嫉妒……”。故填envious。
6.to 考查介词。句意:因为他们要搬到另外一个城市,所以他们不得不把家具丢给他们的邻居。abandon...to...表示“丢弃/舍弃……给……”。故填to。
7.perseverance 考查名词。句意:应该引导年轻人去相信任何事情都是有可能的,有了决心和毅力,任何事情都不能阻挡他们。设空处前的and连接两个并列的成分,故用名词perseverance。
8.to support 考查不定式。句意:截至2022年4月12日,一百多个人已经被派去支援那个山区。assign sb. to do sth.意为“指派某人做某事”。此处为被动语态be assigned to do sth.,故用不定式to support。
Ⅲ.1.It happened that 2.resolved to break in/on breaking in 3.as slowly as;has been urging 4.was so delighted that 5.I have been thinking about the future recently
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.secretly 考查副词。设空处后是动词,所以用提示词的副词形式修饰动词。故填secretly。
2.to be found 考查不定式的被动式。句意:珀西偷偷地藏在橱柜里,结果却在出发后被发现。设空处所在句已有谓语动词,故这里填非谓语动词。根据空格前面的逗号和only可知,这里应用不定式表示出乎意料的结果,且find与其逻辑主语Perce之间是被动关系,所以用动词不定式的被动形式。
3.was assigned 考查动词的时态和语态以及主谓一致。此处指他被指派担任一名服务员。根据主句的谓语动词felt 可知,此处也应用一般过去时,且he与assign之间为被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态,主语he为第三人称单数,故填was assigned。
4.stuck 考查形容词。句意:这艘船在接近南极洲时卡在了冰里,他们不得不弃船。get/become/be stuck 意为“卡住,陷入”。
5.Under 考查介词。under the guidance of...在……的指导下。
6.threw 考查动词时态。故事发生在过去,所以设空处应该使用一般过去时。
7.which 考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,前面为逗号,后面句子缺主语,将a banjo代入从句中,句意完整且合理,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰a banjo,故填which。
8.encouragement 考查名词。设空处和其后的名词concern为并列成分,所以用名词encouragement。
9.the 考查冠词。此处特指“他们面对的逆境”,故用定冠词the。
10.determined 考查形容词。设空处前的and连接两个并列成分,由前面的形容词 optimistic可知这里应用形容词determined。
Ⅱ.A
◎语篇解读 文章讲述了Beatrice De Lavalette 17岁时在爆炸中受伤,但由于自己的勇气与努力和她的心爱的马DeeDee的陪伴,她渐渐好转。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I had no muscle;I had just skin and bones. So being back in the saddle with no sense of balance was really uncomfortable.”可知,Beatrice在训练中的困难是没有平衡感。故选B。
易错归因 本题容易误选D,根据第三段中的“Unsurprisingly, De Lavalette was depressed as she tried to come to make peace with her injuries.”和“She cried a lot in the hospital”可知,Beatrice在医院很沮丧,而不是在训练中,D项犯了文不对题的错误。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“She cried a lot in the hospital until an unexpected visitor, her beloved horse, DeeDee, turned things around for her. ‘DeeDee saved my life,' Beatrice said.”可知,是DeeDee的陪伴在Beatrice重新骑马的过程中起了关键作用。故选C。play a key role in...意为“在……中起关键作用”。
3.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“I can't change what happened, but I can still achieve my dream.(我不能改变已经发生的事情,但我仍然可以实现我的梦想。)”和“What's important is that I'm alive and I feel that I will do something great with my life.(重要的是我还活着,我感觉我要用我的生命做一些伟大的事情。)”可以推断出,Beatrice对生活持有积极的态度,因此才迎来了生活的转机,所以从她的话中可以看出“态度能够起作用”。故选C。A.“时间是良药”;B.“努力就有回报”;D.“失败乃成功之母”。
【高频词汇】 1.flight n.航班,班机 2.sense n.感觉;意义,含义 3.balance n.平衡能力 4.build up 加强
5.work on努力改善;从事 6.depressed adj.沮丧的,抑郁的;萧条的 7.pick oneself up 振作起来 8.adjust to 适应
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了两名英国教师为了支持非洲、亚洲和南美洲的基层教育项目,历经千辛万苦环游世界的故事。
4.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They did this to support the grassroots education project in Africa, Asia and South America.”可知,他们这样做是为了支持教育项目。故选B。
5.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“they were only 43 miles from their destination...was pulled in turn by Richard and Nick over three days.”可知,他们拖着三轮汽车3天走了43英里,43÷3≈14.3,所以平均每天大概走14英里。故选D。
6.D 主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“tackle deserts and jungles”“survived close encounters with elephants...and an accident”和“The greatest hardship on the tuk-tuk was the mountain ranges lying in their path”可知,本段主要讲了他们在旅途中面临的重重困难和危险。故选D。
7.A 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“They did this to support the grassroots education project in Africa, Asia and South America.(他们这样做是为了支持非洲、亚洲和南美洲的基层教育项目)”可知,这两位老师非常“有责任感”;根据第三段可知,他们在旅途中经历了重重困难和危险,所以这两位老师是非常“勇敢的”。故选A。B.幽默的和慷慨的;C.好奇的和勇敢的;D.效率高的和诚实的。
【高频词汇】 1.set off出发 2.destination n.目的地,终点 3.weigh v.有……重 4.in turn轮流 5.specialize v.专门研究(或从事) 6.tackle v.应付,解决(难题或局面) 7.encounter n.相遇;遭遇 8.uncover v.发现;揭露
9.inspirational adj.鼓舞人心的;启发灵感的 10.witness v.目击,目睹;见证
【熟词生义】 range n.山脉
【差距词汇】 slum n.贫民窟
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 文章主要介绍了几种克服逆境的方法。
1.A 细节句。空前标题告诉我们逆境不可避免;空后说明避免或抵制逆境只会让它持续下去,故推知设空处也应说明逆境不可避免,A项“不管我们喜欢与否,逆境都是生活的一部分”符合语境。
2.F 细节句。设空处前文讲到,当你意识到有些困难不可避免时,你就能让自己在心理上为面对逆境做好准备,F项“通常,当你做好最坏的准备时,最坏的事情永远不会发生”顺承前文,指出了前文产生的作用,符合语境。F项中的“prepared for”与上文的“prepare”照应。
3.E 细节句。本段标题告诉我们建立外部资源。设空处后一句讲我们需要有人可以与之倾诉,有人帮助减轻负担。E选项“当进展艰难时,我们都需要鼓励和支持”引起下文,同时与本段标题吻合。故选E。
4.C 细节句。本段告诉我们逆境的双重作用。设空处上一句说明如果没有足够的韧性或解决困难的经验,逆境就会摧毁你,C选项“但如果你有足够的韧性,它会让你更强大”承接上文,从正反两方面描述逆境的作用,与本段主旨相符。故选C项。
5.G 过渡句。根据本段标题可知,本段描述我们应向别人学习。根据设空处前一句“There are many inspiring stories of people...difficulties.”及空后具体的例子可知,G选项“他们克服了逆境,而不是向逆境屈服,过上了成功的生活”承接上文,同样描述此类人克服困难,同时引出下文的例子,符合语境。
【高频词汇】 1.overcome v.克服 2.be aware that意识到 3.resist v.抵制;抵抗 4.ease v.减轻,缓和
5.burden n.负担;重负 6.get through度过,熬过(困难时期等);通过;接通电话 7.exposure n.暴露;面临;曝光时间;揭露 8.inspiration n.灵感→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的;启发灵感的 9.tough adj.艰难的,困苦的
【差距词汇】 1.head-on adv.正面地 2.yield v.屈服,让步;放弃
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2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第三册同步
UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.My deskmate was so (痛苦的) when he broke his ankle in the sports meeting.
2.In the swimming class, we first learn how to let the body not
(下沉)into the water.
3.To our relief, none of the passengers and (全体工作人员) were injured in the incident.
4.Li Ming wanted to see his brother off and went to the airport in a hurry, only to find that he had been already (/ b d/) the plane.
5.It is said that good medicine tastes b , but is good for health.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.Please take away all your (belong) when you leave the room.
2.At last, the lawyer's advice led to the (resolve) of this difficult problem.
3.Not all would-be employees are qualified the position for which they are being trained.
4.As you can see, the children were really encouraged, and they were also enthusiastic reading all of these books.
5.I couldn't help crying when I arrived at their wedding site. I was so
(envy)of their happiness.
6.Since they are going to move to another city,they have to abandon the furniture their neighbours.
7.Young people should be led to believe anything is possible and that nothing can stand in their way with determination and
(persevere).
8.By 12 April, 2022, more than one hundred people had been assigned
(support) that mountainous area.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.碰巧那封信还没有被寄走。(happen)
the letter hadn't been posted.
2.由于时间快用完了,救援人员决定破门而入去救那个女孩。(resolve)
With time running out,the rescuers
to save the girl.
3.因为玛丽走得像乌龟一样慢,所以她的妈妈一直在催促她。(as...as...)
Because Mary walks a turtle, her mother
her.(读后续写—动作描写)
4.他发现所有的钱都是他的了,他高兴得几乎说不出话来,但是他脸上露出了喜色。(so...that...)
Finding all the money belonged to him, he
he could hardly speak, but his face lit up.(读后续写—情绪、神态描写)
5.最近我一直在思考未来,我在想怎样才能实现自己的目标。
,wondering how I can achieve my goal.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Perce Blackborow had been dreaming of a wonderful adventure, so he didn't give up when Sir Ernest Shackleton turned down his request to join the expedition. Perce 1 (secret) hid in a cupboard, only 2 (find) after they set off. He felt fortunate and happy when he 3 (assign) as a steward instead of being sent back home.
It was a tough journey. The ship got 4 (stick) in the ice as they approached Antarctica and they had to abandon the ship. 5 the guidance of Sir Ernest, they 6 (throw) away nearly everything except necessities and a banjo, 7 kept their spirits up during the journey. Finally Sir Ernest left for South Georgia Island to find help. The desperate situation made young Perce Blackborow feel down and become bad-tempered. It was the genuine 8 (encourage) and concern from Frank Wild that cheered him up. Realizing that he shouldn't become selfish just because of 9 adversity they were faced with, he learned to be optimistic and 10 (determine).
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2022山东省济钢高级中学期末)
Beatrice De Lavalette was enthusiastic about horse-riding when she turned 3. Unfortunately, in the spring of 2016, 17-year-old De Lavalette was waiting for a flight when she got hit by a bombing at Brussels Airport. Along with serious burns, De Lavalette lost both legs below the knee. Yet she said but for the event, she wouldn't have been the person to join in the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games(残奥会).
Getting back in the saddle(马鞍)was no easy work because of her injuries. However, five months after the bombing, thanks to her courage, perseverance, further treatment and training, that's exactly where she was. “I had no muscle;I had just skin and bones. So being back in the saddle with no sense of balance was really uncomfortable. But with time, I was able to build up the muscle and work on my balance,” she said.
Unsurprisingly, De Lavalette was depressed as she tried to come to make peace with her injuries. She got lots of help and encouragement from her family, friends and the doctors, but she still couldn't pick herself up. She cried a lot in the hospital until an unexpected visitor, her beloved horse, DeeDee, turned things around for her. “DeeDee saved my life,” Beatrice said. Adjusting to her disabled body was, in many ways, like having to learn to ride all over again. And the Paralympics offered a perfect chance to show her hard-earned skills. “I can't change what happened, but I can still achieve my dream. As I have said many times, I was in the wrong place at the wrong time. What else is there to say There are no ‘what ifs’. I have a new life in front of me,” Beatrice said. “What's important is that I'm alive and I feel that I will do something great with my life.” We can say that she has already made it.
1.What was Beatrice's difficulty in training
A.Lack of friendship. B.Loss of balance.
C.Great physical pains. D.Continuous depression.
2.What played a key role in helping Beatrice get back in the saddle
A.Parents' love. B.Doctors' care.
C.DeeDee's company. D.Friends' encouragement.
3.What can we learn from Beatrice's words in the last paragraph
A.Time is a great healer. B.Hard work pays off.
C.Attitudes make a difference. D.Failure is the mother of success.
B
(2022江苏省上冈高级中学期中)
Two British teachers have broken the world record for the longest journey in a tuk-tuk after pulling their failing vehicle for 43 miles. Richard Sears and Nick Gough traveled 37,500 kilometers around the world and passed through 37 countries. They did this to support the grassroots education project in Africa, Asia and South America.
The pair, who set off from London, thought their expedition was over when the vehicle started to fail. When the tuk-tuk broke, they were only 43 miles from their destination. They decided to pull it through the rest of the way. The tuk-tuk,which weighs 800 kilograms, was pulled in turn by Richard and Nick over three days. On arrival in Chepen, Peru, they discovered a mechanic who specialized in tuk-tuks and managed to fix it.
The pair were back on the road and aiming for their next goal. Along their journey they had to tackle deserts and jungles. They also survived close encounters with elephants in Uganda and Botswana and an accident in Malaysia. The greatest hardship on the tuk-tuk was the mountain ranges lying in their path, including the Alps, the Himalayas and the Andes.
Nick and Richard uncovered some inspirational projects across Africa, Asia and South America. They witnessed firsthand the educational challenges faced by these areas today. They joined street children in the slums of Cairo, Khartoum, Kampala, Mumbai and Phnom Penh. They visited Congolese refugees(难民)in camps in Eastern Burundi.
The pair established The Tuk Tuk Educational Trust, a UK registered charity. Talking about their motive, Richard said, “The world's leaders have made a commitment to achieve universal primary education but over 57 million primary-aged children worldwide are still out of school;many more are in school, but still cannot have quality learning opportunities.”
4.Why did the two teachers travel around the world
A.To entertain themselves. B.To support an education project.
C.To create a new world record. D.To challenge themselves.
5.How far did the two teachers pull the tuk-tuk each day on average
A.A little more than 8 miles. B.20 miles.
C.43 miles. D.About 14 miles.
6.What is the third paragraph mainly about
A.How they realized their next goal.
B.Their exciting experience on the road.
C.The beautiful scenery of famous mountains.
D.The difficulties and dangers they faced in the journey.
7.Which best describes the two teachers
A.Courageous and responsible. B.Humorous and generous.
C.Curious and brave. D.Efficient and honest.
Ⅲ.七选五
Tips for overcoming adversity
◆Be aware, and accept that adversity is unavoidable in life. 1 To avoid or resist it will only make it persist (持续). Everywhere you look in the world is full of visible difficulties. There are disasters of all types such as floods, tsunamis and wars. Although miserable pain is unavoidable, suffering is optional.
◆Build your internal resources. Before adversity hits, work on cultivating (培养) emotional vigour, courage and discipline. When you make yourself aware that certain difficulties are unavoidable, you can prepare yourself mentally for facing adversity head-on. 2
◆Build your external resources. Build a support system of family and friends. 3 We need someone to talk to, and someone to help ease the burden. You would be surprised to discover how often a friend has had a similar experience and can help you get through the difficult time.
◆What does not defeat you will make you stronger. If you do not have enough built-up resilience (韧性) or experience in dealing with difficulties, adversity can crush you. 4 Resilience like any muscle is built up gradually with repeated exposure to adversity.
◆Draw inspiration and learn from others who have dealt successfully with adversity. There are many inspiring stories of people who overcame seemingly insurmountable (无法克服的) difficulties. 5 For example, when Helen Keller was only 18 months old, she lost her sight and hearing due to a mysterious fever. She overcame her deafness and blindness to become a strong and educated woman.
A.Whether we like it or not, adversity is part of life.
B.But just knowing that a friend is there can be most comforting.
C.But if you have sufficient resilience, it will make you stronger.
D.He prepares himself physically and mentally for any possibility.
E.When the going gets tough, we all need encouragement and support.
F.Usually, when you're prepared for the worst, the worst never happens.
G.They overcame adversity to live successful lives instead of yielding to it.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.miserable 2.sink 3.crew 4.aboard 5.bitter
Ⅱ.1.belongings 考查名词。设空处被all your修饰,故填名词。这里指“拿走你所有的东西”,故用belongings,意为“财物,动产”。
2.resolution 考查名词。句意:最终,律师的建议解决了这个难题。分析句子结构可知,空前的定冠词the和空后的of构成“the...of...”结构,此处为中心词,应该使用名词形式,表示“(问题、分歧等的)解决,消除”,故填resolution。
3.for 考查介词。句意:不是所有想成为雇员的人都能胜任他们正为之培训的职位。be qualified for...表示“能胜任某事;具备……的资格”。故填for。
4.about 考查介词。句意:正如你所看到的,孩子们很受鼓舞,并且他们也对阅读所有这些书非常感兴趣。be enthusiastic about doing sth.对做某事极感兴趣。故填about。
5.envious 考查形容词。句意:当我到达他们的婚礼现场时,我忍不住哭了。我非常羡慕他们的幸福。be envious of表示“羡慕/嫉妒……”。故填envious。
6.to 考查介词。句意:因为他们要搬到另外一个城市,所以他们不得不把家具丢给他们的邻居。abandon...to...表示“丢弃/舍弃……给……”。故填to。
7.perseverance 考查名词。句意:应该引导年轻人去相信任何事情都是有可能的,有了决心和毅力,任何事情都不能阻挡他们。设空处前的and连接两个并列的成分,故用名词perseverance。
8.to support 考查不定式。句意:截至2022年4月12日,一百多个人已经被派去支援那个山区。assign sb. to do sth.意为“指派某人做某事”。此处为被动语态be assigned to do sth.,故用不定式to support。
Ⅲ.1.It happened that 2.resolved to break in/on breaking in 3.as slowly as;has been urging 4.was so delighted that 5.I have been thinking about the future recently
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.secretly 考查副词。设空处后是动词,所以用提示词的副词形式修饰动词。故填secretly。
2.to be found 考查不定式的被动式。句意:珀西偷偷地藏在橱柜里,结果却在出发后被发现。设空处所在句已有谓语动词,故这里填非谓语动词。根据空格前面的逗号和only可知,这里应用不定式表示出乎意料的结果,且find与其逻辑主语Perce之间是被动关系,所以用动词不定式的被动形式。
3.was assigned 考查动词的时态和语态以及主谓一致。此处指他被指派担任一名服务员。根据主句的谓语动词felt 可知,此处也应用一般过去时,且he与assign之间为被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态,主语he为第三人称单数,故填was assigned。
4.stuck 考查形容词。句意:这艘船在接近南极洲时卡在了冰里,他们不得不弃船。get/become/be stuck 意为“卡住,陷入”。
5.Under 考查介词。under the guidance of...在……的指导下。
6.threw 考查动词时态。故事发生在过去,所以设空处应该使用一般过去时。
7.which 考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,前面为逗号,后面句子缺主语,将a banjo代入从句中,句意完整且合理,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰a banjo,故填which。
8.encouragement 考查名词。设空处和其后的名词concern为并列成分,所以用名词encouragement。
9.the 考查冠词。此处特指“他们面对的逆境”,故用定冠词the。
10.determined 考查形容词。设空处前的and连接两个并列成分,由前面的形容词 optimistic可知这里应用形容词determined。
Ⅱ.A
◎语篇解读 文章讲述了Beatrice De Lavalette 17岁时在爆炸中受伤,但由于自己的勇气与努力和她的心爱的马DeeDee的陪伴,她渐渐好转。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I had no muscle;I had just skin and bones. So being back in the saddle with no sense of balance was really uncomfortable.”可知,Beatrice在训练中的困难是没有平衡感。故选B。
易错归因 本题容易误选D,根据第三段中的“Unsurprisingly, De Lavalette was depressed as she tried to come to make peace with her injuries.”和“She cried a lot in the hospital”可知,Beatrice在医院很沮丧,而不是在训练中,D项犯了文不对题的错误。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“She cried a lot in the hospital until an unexpected visitor, her beloved horse, DeeDee, turned things around for her. ‘DeeDee saved my life,' Beatrice said.”可知,是DeeDee的陪伴在Beatrice重新骑马的过程中起了关键作用。故选C。play a key role in...意为“在……中起关键作用”。
3.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“I can't change what happened, but I can still achieve my dream.(我不能改变已经发生的事情,但我仍然可以实现我的梦想。)”和“What's important is that I'm alive and I feel that I will do something great with my life.(重要的是我还活着,我感觉我要用我的生命做一些伟大的事情。)”可以推断出,Beatrice对生活持有积极的态度,因此才迎来了生活的转机,所以从她的话中可以看出“态度能够起作用”。故选C。A.“时间是良药”;B.“努力就有回报”;D.“失败乃成功之母”。
【高频词汇】 1.flight n.航班,班机 2.sense n.感觉;意义,含义 3.balance n.平衡能力 4.build up 加强
5.work on努力改善;从事 6.depressed adj.沮丧的,抑郁的;萧条的 7.pick oneself up 振作起来 8.adjust to 适应
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了两名英国教师为了支持非洲、亚洲和南美洲的基层教育项目,历经千辛万苦环游世界的故事。
4.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They did this to support the grassroots education project in Africa, Asia and South America.”可知,他们这样做是为了支持教育项目。故选B。
5.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“they were only 43 miles from their destination...was pulled in turn by Richard and Nick over three days.”可知,他们拖着三轮汽车3天走了43英里,43÷3≈14.3,所以平均每天大概走14英里。故选D。
6.D 主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“tackle deserts and jungles”“survived close encounters with elephants...and an accident”和“The greatest hardship on the tuk-tuk was the mountain ranges lying in their path”可知,本段主要讲了他们在旅途中面临的重重困难和危险。故选D。
7.A 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“They did this to support the grassroots education project in Africa, Asia and South America.(他们这样做是为了支持非洲、亚洲和南美洲的基层教育项目)”可知,这两位老师非常“有责任感”;根据第三段可知,他们在旅途中经历了重重困难和危险,所以这两位老师是非常“勇敢的”。故选A。B.幽默的和慷慨的;C.好奇的和勇敢的;D.效率高的和诚实的。
【高频词汇】 1.set off出发 2.destination n.目的地,终点 3.weigh v.有……重 4.in turn轮流 5.specialize v.专门研究(或从事) 6.tackle v.应付,解决(难题或局面) 7.encounter n.相遇;遭遇 8.uncover v.发现;揭露
9.inspirational adj.鼓舞人心的;启发灵感的 10.witness v.目击,目睹;见证
【熟词生义】 range n.山脉
【差距词汇】 slum n.贫民窟
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 文章主要介绍了几种克服逆境的方法。
1.A 细节句。空前标题告诉我们逆境不可避免;空后说明避免或抵制逆境只会让它持续下去,故推知设空处也应说明逆境不可避免,A项“不管我们喜欢与否,逆境都是生活的一部分”符合语境。
2.F 细节句。设空处前文讲到,当你意识到有些困难不可避免时,你就能让自己在心理上为面对逆境做好准备,F项“通常,当你做好最坏的准备时,最坏的事情永远不会发生”顺承前文,指出了前文产生的作用,符合语境。F项中的“prepared for”与上文的“prepare”照应。
3.E 细节句。本段标题告诉我们建立外部资源。设空处后一句讲我们需要有人可以与之倾诉,有人帮助减轻负担。E选项“当进展艰难时,我们都需要鼓励和支持”引起下文,同时与本段标题吻合。故选E。
4.C 细节句。本段告诉我们逆境的双重作用。设空处上一句说明如果没有足够的韧性或解决困难的经验,逆境就会摧毁你,C选项“但如果你有足够的韧性,它会让你更强大”承接上文,从正反两方面描述逆境的作用,与本段主旨相符。故选C项。
5.G 过渡句。根据本段标题可知,本段描述我们应向别人学习。根据设空处前一句“There are many inspiring stories of people...difficulties.”及空后具体的例子可知,G选项“他们克服了逆境,而不是向逆境屈服,过上了成功的生活”承接上文,同样描述此类人克服困难,同时引出下文的例子,符合语境。
【高频词汇】 1.overcome v.克服 2.be aware that意识到 3.resist v.抵制;抵抗 4.ease v.减轻,缓和
5.burden n.负担;重负 6.get through度过,熬过(困难时期等);通过;接通电话 7.exposure n.暴露;面临;曝光时间;揭露 8.inspiration n.灵感→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的;启发灵感的 9.tough adj.艰难的,困苦的
【差距词汇】 1.head-on adv.正面地 2.yield v.屈服,让步;放弃
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