2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第三册同步练习题--UNIT 4 Part 2 Learning About Language & Using Language（答案与解析）
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2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第三册同步
Part 2 Learning About Language & Using Language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Apart from the (娱乐) center, we also have a health club on the second floor. ?
2.You can't go out now because your hair is still (潮湿的).You should be careful not to catch a cold.?
3.He was among the three (候选人) who had been competing to serve as the chairman of the student union. ?
4.The Smiths will give it a (/??????r?/) clean before moving into the new house. ?
5.The main reason why I like these pieces of (家具) is that they suit the style of my house. ?
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.If we continue to damage nature, someday it will be cruel
us.?
2. the guidance of the hunter, we finally went out of the mysterious forest. ?
3. (unfortunate), due to the bad weather, this day's show has been cancelled. ?
4.Nowadays many enterprises believe that a good (advertise)
campaign will increase their sales.?
Ⅲ.单元语法专练
题型(一)
1.—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?
—The new Star Wars. We (wait)here for more than two hours.?
2.—Do you find the missing couple in the mountain?
—No, but we (try)to get in touch with them ever since.?
3.I (read) the English novel, and I'll try to finish it at the weekend.?
4.The woman (make)shoes since she was 19 years old and this year marks her 31st year in making cloth shoes.?
5.Lucy (consider)going back to school,but she hasn't decided yet.?
6.Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she (study)English for a year.?
7.A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson (offer) free rides to college students for the past eight years. (2019北京)?
题型(二)
用现在完成进行时或现在完成时完成句子
1.最近我们常常见面。
each other frequently recently. ?
2.这场森林大火到现在已经烧了很多天。
Until now the forest fire for dozens of days. ?
3.他从8岁开始就一直在打篮球,并且已经赢得了很多奖牌。
He since he was eight and has won many medals. ?
4.我已经修好了自行车,所以这周末我们可以去骑车了。
, so we can go cycling this weekend. ?
5.中国修建了更多的公路,使人们从一个地方去另一个地方旅行更加容易了。
More highways in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. ?
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023湖南长沙联考期末)
Recently, as I watched my son Nathan play basketball for his high school team, I was starting to feel sorry for myself and for him. His team was facing adversity on the court and he was playing in a hostile environment—it was the opponent's home gym filled with their supporters, and Nathan's team was trailing(落后)for three quarters of the game. As for me, I had been dismissed from my job earlier in the day.
During my drive home, I kept telling myself that I would find work again in a short time—I was confident in my experience and ability. This was the same belief that I tried to instill into my son.
The basketball game entered the fourth quarter with Nathan's team still trailing. I saw the resolve on his as well as his teammates' faces as they fought back to not only tie(打成平局), but then go ahead by three points. Then, a player from the other team made an unbelievable shot to tie again. With a tie game and seconds on the clock, Nathan found himself with the ball and with skill and confidence, and he proceeded to make a basket with a defender hanging all over him. The other player was called for a foul(犯规).
As Nathan stood at the foul line preparing for a shot that would put his team up by three points, I saw the focus and determination on his face—there was no room for self-doubt. Nathan was able to tune out all the distractions and nail the free throw(罚球) with such skill. It was as if he had done it a thousand times.?
As I sat there, my heart bursting with pride, it dawned on me that I had taught him perseverance in the face of adversity, and he had just taught me the same lesson. That brief moment of self-doubt and feeling sorry for myself was blown away by the actions of my son on the basketball court. He will play in the finals, but it doesn't matter if he wins or loses. At this moment, we both won.
1.What did the author estimate his son's team would be like at first?
A.The team would lose the home match.
B.The team would finally win.
C.The team would win the championship.
D.The team would lose the away match.
2.What can we know about the author according to Paragraph 2?
A.He is self-doubting and pessimistic.
B.He is self-confident and optimistic.
C.He is hardworking and intelligent.
D.He is easy-going and warm-hearted.
3.What does the underlined phrase “tune out” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.Avoid. B.Focus.
C.Create. D.Receive.
4.Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A.Life Goes Just like Playing Basketball
B.It Matters whether to Win or Lose
C.A Lesson in Life and Basketball
D.Father and Son in Life
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2023重庆市第七中学校期末)
Peter Dinklage refused to fit in. As a child, he 1 painful bone-shaving operations to fight against the side effects of his dwarfism(侏儒症). While watching a recording of his class play, Peter realized he looked very 2 from the other children. He began to feel self-conscious about his 3 and spent many years feeling angry and bitter because of his condition. Peter admitted he 4 walls around his emotions, in order to 5 himself from being made fun of.?
Besides the small 6 , his bad-temper and constant cigarette smoking isolated him from his peers. But he realized that through 7 he could change how people saw him. When he took a bow to the audience, he knew people were recognizing his talent and not just reacting to 8 he looked.?
He moved to New York City to 9 his acting career, only to find himself in a 10 apartment full of rats even without an oven. Despite the terrible living conditions, Peter didn't 11 to the attraction to take such an unimpressive role as an elf(精灵) just to pay the bills. Tirelessly waiting for a great 12 gave him panic attacks, but he was tough enough to 13 until the independent film Living in Oblivion. Because of his remarkable talent, people were finally beginning to take him 14 as a performer, and Peter felt the walls he had spent years building start to fall.?
Eventually, Peter was able to find a way to both fit in and stand out, by embracing what made him 15 .?
1.A.experimented B.arranged
C.designed D.underwent
2.A.far B.absent
C.different D.free
3.A.length B.appearance
C.weight D.brain
4.A.decorated B.constructed
C.destroyed D.equipped
5.A.forbid B.separate
C.discourage D.protect
6.A.build B.style
C.degree D.age
7.A.singing B.lecturing
C.debating D.acting
8.A.what B.whom
C.where D.how
9.A.change B.pursue
C.accompany D.forecast
10.A.low-carbon B.high-end
C.badly-lighted D.well-furnished
11.A.oppose B.yield
C.apply D.subscribe
12.A.occupation B.opportunity
C.actor D.ceremony
13.A.stand out B.break out
C.run out D.hold out
14.A.seriously B.rarely
C.personally D.merely
15.A.miserable B.famous
C.unique D.generous
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2022山西临汾期末)
The Chinese astronaut Wang Yaping made history on November 7, 2021, when she became the country's first woman 1 (conduct) a spacewalk. Wang's space dream started in 2003, 2 China sent Yang Liwei into space. Through hard training, Wang 3 (become) a strong candidate for China's first flight by a female taikonaut. However, she did not pass her final tests. Instead of feeling 4 (frustrate), she worked even 5 (hard) than before. She always ran three laps more than others in physical courses;she asked to train in the pressure chamber for at least 30 minutes each time. “You can't have a break 6 (simple) for being a woman,” she said.?
Her efforts were not in vain. Wang became a crew member of the Shenzhou-10 space mission in 2013 and now she is the first woman to work in China's space station. It is her 7 (commit) and the spirit of never giving up that make her such 8 outstanding astronaut. Her story tells us that when 9 (encounter) failure, instead of putting the blame 10 others, we are supposed to face it bravely and never give up.?
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ?
6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ?
Ⅳ.书面表达
(2022湖南长沙市雅礼中学期中)
假设你是李华,要参加学校的英语征文活动。这次征文活动要求大家给一位历史人物写感谢信,感谢他(她)为人类的进步所做的贡献。内容包括:
1.历史人物的名字及其贡献;
2.该人物对你的影响和启发。
注意:词数80左右。
Dear ,?
?
?
?
?
?
Thank you again, and best regards!
Yours,
Li Hua
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
Part 2 Learning About Language & Using Language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.recreation 2.damp 3.candidates 4.thorough
5.furniture
易错归因 本题容易受前面these pieces of的误导,错填furnitures,我们要牢记furniture是不可数名词。
Ⅱ.1.to 考查介词。句意:如果我们继续破坏自然,总有一天它会对我们残酷。be cruel to...表示“对……残酷”。故填to。
2.Under 考查介词。句意:在猎人的指导下,我们终于走出了这片神秘的森林。under the guidance of为固定搭配,表示“在……的指引下”。设空处位于句首,首字母要大写。故填Under。
3.Unfortunately 考查副词。句意:不幸的是,由于糟糕的天气,今天的演出取消了。该空位于句首,后面有逗号,逗号后句子成分完整,所以设空处应作状语,修饰整个句子,故用副词Unfortunately(注意首字母大写)。
4.advertising 考查名词。句意:如今,很多公司都认为良好的广告宣传活动会增加他们的销售量。设空处作定语,修饰其后面的campaign,advertising campaign意为“广告宣传活动”。故填advertising。
Ⅲ.题型(一)
1.have been waiting 句意:——不好意思,你们在等哪部电影?——最新的《星球大战》。我们已经在这里等了两个多小时了。根据句中的for more than two hours和句意可知,我们已经等了两个多小时了,并且还有可能继续等下去,所以用现在完成进行时。主语为We,故填have been waiting。
2.have been trying 句意:——你们在山上找到那对失踪的夫妇了吗?——没有,但是从那以来(从他们失踪以来),我们一直试图与他们取得联系。根据句中的ever since和句意可知,我们一直试图与他们取得联系,并且很可能继续下去。所以用现在完成进行时。主语为we,故填have been trying。
3.have been reading 句意:我一直在读这本英文小说,并且我尽力在这周末把它读完。结合句意可知,此处应用现在完成进行时。主语为I,故填have been reading。
4.has been making 句意:这位女士从19岁起就一直在做鞋,今年是她做布鞋的第31个年头。根据句中的since she was 19 years old和句意可知,这位女士一直在做鞋,并且有可能继续做下去,所以用现在完成进行时。主语为The woman,故填has been making。
5.has been considering 句意:露西一直在考虑重返学校,但她还没有决定。根据句意可知,此处应用现在完成进行时。主语为Lucy,故填has been considering。
6.has been studying 句意:凯西正在阳光学校的课堂上记关于语法规则的笔记,她在那里学习英语已经一年了。根据句中的for a year和句意可知,凯西在那里学习英语已经一年了,并且很可能继续学习下去。所以用现在完成进行时。主语为she,故填has been studying。
7.has been offering 句意:76岁的威尔逊是一个退休的工程师,他在过去八年里一直为大学生提供免费乘车服务。根据句中的 for the past eight years和句意可知,威尔逊在过去的八年里一直为大学生提供免费乘车服务,并且很可能继续下去,所以用现在完成进行时。主语为第三人称单数,故填has been offering。
题型(二)
1.We have been seeing 2.has been burning 3.has been playing basketball 4.I have fixed the bike 5.have been built
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者在观看儿子篮球比赛的过程中,看到儿子的球队在比赛临近尾声并处于劣势的情况下,依然满怀信心、坚持不懈,最后获得了胜利。这番情景让刚刚失业的作者消除了自我怀疑,重新燃起了生活的斗志。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Recently, as I watched my son Nathan play basketball for his high school team, I was starting to feel sorry for myself and...Nathan's team was trailing for three quarters of the game.”可知,一开始的时候,作者为自己的儿子感到难过,他儿子所在的队在球场上正面临困境,他们是在客场比赛,他儿子所在的队在比赛举行了四分之三的时候处于落后状态,所以作者认为自己儿子所在的球队会输掉客场比赛,故选D。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“During my drive home, I kept telling myself that I would find work again in a short time—I was confident in my experience and ability.”可知,作者对自己充满了信心,同时也很乐观,故选B。
3.A 词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“nail the free throw with such skill”可知,Nathan只有不理睬所有分心的事物才能投中罚球。故选A。
4.C 主旨大意题。文章最后一段中的“That brief moment...we both won.”点明文章中心。作者的儿子在球场上的举动也给了作者启发,作者的儿子在球场上的坚持不懈教会了作者在生活中也应坚持不懈,这是生活中和篮球中的一课。故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.opponent n.对手 2.proceed v.接着做;继而做 3.determination n.决心 4.(be)bursting with...满怀…… 5.in the face of...面对…… 6.estimate v.估计 7.pessimistic adj.悲观的 8.optimistic adj.乐观的
长难句
原句 As Nathan stood at the foul line preparing for a shot that would put his team up by three points, I saw the focus and determination on his face—there was no room for self-doubt.
分析 这是一个主从复合句。As Nathan stood...by three points为As引导的时间状语从句,该时间状语从句中又含有一个that引导的定语从句(that would put his team up by three points),修饰先行词a shot。
译文 当Nathan站在罚球线上准备一个将使他的球队领先三分的投篮时,我看到了他脸上的专注和决心——没有自我怀疑的余地。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 文章讲述了患有侏儒症的彼特·丁拉基立志成为演员,最终在他的坚持不懈下获得了人们的认可,并成了知名演员的故事。
1.D 根据后文“painful bone-shaving operations”可知,彼特经历了磨骨手术。experiment进行实验;arrange安排;design设计;undergo经历(变化、不快的事等)。故选D项。
2.C 根据前文“his dwarfism”可知,彼特患有侏儒症,侏儒症患者看起来和别人不同。故选C项。
3.B 根据前文“his dwarfism”可知,彼特患有侏儒症,因此彼特开始对自己的外貌感到局促不安。appearance外貌,外观。故选B项。
4.B 根据倒数第二段中的“Peter felt the walls he had spent years building start to fall”可知,情感的高墙是彼特自己建造的。decorate装饰;construct建造;destroy摧毁;equip装备。故选B项。
5.D 根据后文“from being made fun of”可知,彼特建造情感的高墙是为了保护自己不被嘲笑。forbid禁止;separate使分开;discourage使灰心;protect保护。故选D项。
6.A 彼特患有侏儒症,所以他身材矮小,build意为“身材,体形”。故选A项。
7.D 根据后文中出现的“acting career”和“performer”可知,他意识到通过表演,他能够改变人们对他的看法。故选D项。
8.D 根据前文“he knew people were recognizing his talent”可知,人们正在认识到他的才华,而不仅仅是对他的长相作出反应。reacting to how he looked表示“对他的样子作出反应”。故选D项。
易错归因 本题容易错选A项。若用what表示,应该是reacting to what he looked like。注意区分。
9.B 根据前文“He moved to New York City”可知,他去纽约是为了追求他的演艺事业。change改变;pursue追求;accompany陪伴;forecast预报。故选B项。
10.C 根据后文“Despite the terrible living conditions”可知,他的居住条件很糟糕,由此推断出他的公寓是光线昏暗的。low-carbon低碳的;high-end高档的;badly-lighted光线昏暗的;well-furnished陈设体面的。故选C项。
11.B 此题可以和第12题和第13题一起解出。根据后文“to the attraction to take such an unimpressive role as an elf just to pay the bills”“waiting for a great”“he was tough enough”以及“the independent film”可知彼特最终迎来了独立电影,这说明他没有为了支付账单而屈服去扮演精灵这样的普通角色,他在等待好的机会,他足够吃苦耐劳去坚持。故本题选B项,第12题选B项,第13题选D项。yield to...屈服于……。
12.B 解析见11题。occupation职业;opportunity机会;actor演员;ceremony仪式。
13.D 解析见11题。 stand out突出;break out爆发;run out用完;hold out坚持。故选D项。
14.A 根据前文“Because of his remarkable talent”及后文“as a performer”可知,彼特因为自己非凡的才华受到人们的认可,人们终于开始认真地把他当作一个表演者。seriously认真地;rarely很少;personally就本人而言;merely只不过。故选A项。
15.C 彼特患有侏儒症,但是最终通过努力,在演艺道路上获得了成功,他的外形与别人不同,但是欣然接受自己的独特之处使他找到了一种既能合群又能脱颖而出的方法。故选C项。
【高频词汇】 1.react to...对……作出反应 2.despite prep.即使;尽管 3.tough adj.能吃苦耐劳的;坚韧不拔的 4.remarkable adj. 非凡的;引人注目的 5.embrace v.欣然接受;拥抱
【熟词生义】 build n.身材;体格
长难句
原句 When he took a bow to the audience, he knew people were recognizing his talent and not just reacting to how he looked.
分析 本句是主从复合句。When he took a bow...audience为When引导的时间状语从句;knew后面是省略了that的宾语从句,该宾语从句中how he looked为how引导的宾语从句。
译文 当他向观众鞠躬时,他知道人们正在认识到他的才华,而不仅仅是对他的长相作出反应。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了王亚平成为航天员的经过以及她身上值得学习的品质。
1.to conduct 考查不定式。名词woman由序数词first修饰,故后跟不定式作后置定语。故填to conduct。
2.when 考查关系副词。设空处无提示词,前面有逗号,逗号前为时间状语in 2003,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,关系词在从句中作时间状语,应用关系副词when引导。句意:王亚平的太空梦始于2003年,当时中国将杨利伟送入太空。
3.became 考查动词的时态。根据文章所使用的时态可知,此处是描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。故填became。
4.frustrated 考查形容词。设空处置于系动词feel之后,所以应用形容词作表语,且修饰人,应用-ed结尾的形容词frustrated,表示“感到沮丧的”。故填frustrated。
5.harder 考查比较级。根据后文“than before”可知应用比较级。故填harder。
6.simply 考查副词。句意:她说:“你不能仅仅因为是女人而得到休息。”空后是介词短语for being a woman,应用副词simply修饰。
7.commitment 考查名词。由空前的形容词性物主代词her可知,这里应用名词,表示“她的奉献和永不放弃的精神”,commitment作“奉献”讲时是不可数名词。
8.an 考查冠词。astronaut为可数名词单数,此处表泛指,应用不定冠词,且outstanding的发音以元音音素开头,故填an。句意:正是她的奉献和永不放弃的精神使她成为一位如此杰出的航天员。
9.encountering 考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知,此处是状语从句的省略形式,省略了we are,动词encounter与we之间是主动关系,应用现在分词,这里完整的形式为when we are encountering failure,所以此处填encountering。
10.on 考查介词。句意:她的故事告诉我们,遇到失败时,我们应该勇敢地面对它,永不放弃,而不是把责任推给别人。put the blame on sb.表示“归咎于某人”。故填on。
【高频词汇】 1.physical adj.身体的,肉体的;物质的,有形的 2.pressure n.压力;挤压 3.in vain徒劳;无结果 4.mission n.使命,飞行任务 5.spirit n.精神,心灵
6.outstanding adj.优秀的,杰出的 7.encounter v.遭遇;偶遇,邂逅 8.blame n.责任
Ⅳ.One possible version:
Dear Li Shizhen,
I am Li Hua, a high school student. I'm writing to express my sincere gratitude to you for your devotion.
You are one of the most important figures in China's medical community. Your famous book, Compendium of Materia Medica, which cost you years of effort, has been regarded as the most complete and comprehensive medical work in the history of Chinese medicine. What impressed me most is your perseverance shown in your career. Encouraged by you, I'm determined to work harder for my dream.
Thank you again, and best regards!?
Yours,
Li Hua?
1.重点词汇
①sincere adj.真诚的;诚恳的 ②gratitude n.感激
③devotion n.奉献;关爱 ④be regarded as...被视为……
⑤impress v.给……留下深刻的好印象
2.亮点句型
①Your famous book, Compendium of Materia Medica, which cost you years of effort, has been regarded as the most complete and comprehensive medical work in the history of Chinese medicine.(which引导的非限制性定语从句)花费您多年心血的名作《本草纲目》被认为是中国医学史上最完整、最全面的医学著作。?
②What impressed me most is your perseverance shown in your career.(What引导的主语从句;过去分词短语作后置定语)最让我印象深刻的是您在您的职业生涯中表现出来的毅力。
Part 2 Learning About Language & Using Language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Apart from the (娱乐) center, we also have a health club on the second floor. ?
2.You can't go out now because your hair is still (潮湿的).You should be careful not to catch a cold.?
3.He was among the three (候选人) who had been competing to serve as the chairman of the student union. ?
4.The Smiths will give it a (/??????r?/) clean before moving into the new house. ?
5.The main reason why I like these pieces of (家具) is that they suit the style of my house. ?
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.If we continue to damage nature, someday it will be cruel
us.?
2. the guidance of the hunter, we finally went out of the mysterious forest. ?
3. (unfortunate), due to the bad weather, this day's show has been cancelled. ?
4.Nowadays many enterprises believe that a good (advertise)
campaign will increase their sales.?
Ⅲ.单元语法专练
题型(一)
1.—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?
—The new Star Wars. We (wait)here for more than two hours.?
2.—Do you find the missing couple in the mountain?
—No, but we (try)to get in touch with them ever since.?
3.I (read) the English novel, and I'll try to finish it at the weekend.?
4.The woman (make)shoes since she was 19 years old and this year marks her 31st year in making cloth shoes.?
5.Lucy (consider)going back to school,but she hasn't decided yet.?
6.Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she (study)English for a year.?
7.A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson (offer) free rides to college students for the past eight years. (2019北京)?
题型(二)
用现在完成进行时或现在完成时完成句子
1.最近我们常常见面。
each other frequently recently. ?
2.这场森林大火到现在已经烧了很多天。
Until now the forest fire for dozens of days. ?
3.他从8岁开始就一直在打篮球,并且已经赢得了很多奖牌。
He since he was eight and has won many medals. ?
4.我已经修好了自行车,所以这周末我们可以去骑车了。
, so we can go cycling this weekend. ?
5.中国修建了更多的公路,使人们从一个地方去另一个地方旅行更加容易了。
More highways in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. ?
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023湖南长沙联考期末)
Recently, as I watched my son Nathan play basketball for his high school team, I was starting to feel sorry for myself and for him. His team was facing adversity on the court and he was playing in a hostile environment—it was the opponent's home gym filled with their supporters, and Nathan's team was trailing(落后)for three quarters of the game. As for me, I had been dismissed from my job earlier in the day.
During my drive home, I kept telling myself that I would find work again in a short time—I was confident in my experience and ability. This was the same belief that I tried to instill into my son.
The basketball game entered the fourth quarter with Nathan's team still trailing. I saw the resolve on his as well as his teammates' faces as they fought back to not only tie(打成平局), but then go ahead by three points. Then, a player from the other team made an unbelievable shot to tie again. With a tie game and seconds on the clock, Nathan found himself with the ball and with skill and confidence, and he proceeded to make a basket with a defender hanging all over him. The other player was called for a foul(犯规).
As Nathan stood at the foul line preparing for a shot that would put his team up by three points, I saw the focus and determination on his face—there was no room for self-doubt. Nathan was able to tune out all the distractions and nail the free throw(罚球) with such skill. It was as if he had done it a thousand times.?
As I sat there, my heart bursting with pride, it dawned on me that I had taught him perseverance in the face of adversity, and he had just taught me the same lesson. That brief moment of self-doubt and feeling sorry for myself was blown away by the actions of my son on the basketball court. He will play in the finals, but it doesn't matter if he wins or loses. At this moment, we both won.
1.What did the author estimate his son's team would be like at first?
A.The team would lose the home match.
B.The team would finally win.
C.The team would win the championship.
D.The team would lose the away match.
2.What can we know about the author according to Paragraph 2?
A.He is self-doubting and pessimistic.
B.He is self-confident and optimistic.
C.He is hardworking and intelligent.
D.He is easy-going and warm-hearted.
3.What does the underlined phrase “tune out” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.Avoid. B.Focus.
C.Create. D.Receive.
4.Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A.Life Goes Just like Playing Basketball
B.It Matters whether to Win or Lose
C.A Lesson in Life and Basketball
D.Father and Son in Life
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2023重庆市第七中学校期末)
Peter Dinklage refused to fit in. As a child, he 1 painful bone-shaving operations to fight against the side effects of his dwarfism(侏儒症). While watching a recording of his class play, Peter realized he looked very 2 from the other children. He began to feel self-conscious about his 3 and spent many years feeling angry and bitter because of his condition. Peter admitted he 4 walls around his emotions, in order to 5 himself from being made fun of.?
Besides the small 6 , his bad-temper and constant cigarette smoking isolated him from his peers. But he realized that through 7 he could change how people saw him. When he took a bow to the audience, he knew people were recognizing his talent and not just reacting to 8 he looked.?
He moved to New York City to 9 his acting career, only to find himself in a 10 apartment full of rats even without an oven. Despite the terrible living conditions, Peter didn't 11 to the attraction to take such an unimpressive role as an elf(精灵) just to pay the bills. Tirelessly waiting for a great 12 gave him panic attacks, but he was tough enough to 13 until the independent film Living in Oblivion. Because of his remarkable talent, people were finally beginning to take him 14 as a performer, and Peter felt the walls he had spent years building start to fall.?
Eventually, Peter was able to find a way to both fit in and stand out, by embracing what made him 15 .?
1.A.experimented B.arranged
C.designed D.underwent
2.A.far B.absent
C.different D.free
3.A.length B.appearance
C.weight D.brain
4.A.decorated B.constructed
C.destroyed D.equipped
5.A.forbid B.separate
C.discourage D.protect
6.A.build B.style
C.degree D.age
7.A.singing B.lecturing
C.debating D.acting
8.A.what B.whom
C.where D.how
9.A.change B.pursue
C.accompany D.forecast
10.A.low-carbon B.high-end
C.badly-lighted D.well-furnished
11.A.oppose B.yield
C.apply D.subscribe
12.A.occupation B.opportunity
C.actor D.ceremony
13.A.stand out B.break out
C.run out D.hold out
14.A.seriously B.rarely
C.personally D.merely
15.A.miserable B.famous
C.unique D.generous
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2022山西临汾期末)
The Chinese astronaut Wang Yaping made history on November 7, 2021, when she became the country's first woman 1 (conduct) a spacewalk. Wang's space dream started in 2003, 2 China sent Yang Liwei into space. Through hard training, Wang 3 (become) a strong candidate for China's first flight by a female taikonaut. However, she did not pass her final tests. Instead of feeling 4 (frustrate), she worked even 5 (hard) than before. She always ran three laps more than others in physical courses;she asked to train in the pressure chamber for at least 30 minutes each time. “You can't have a break 6 (simple) for being a woman,” she said.?
Her efforts were not in vain. Wang became a crew member of the Shenzhou-10 space mission in 2013 and now she is the first woman to work in China's space station. It is her 7 (commit) and the spirit of never giving up that make her such 8 outstanding astronaut. Her story tells us that when 9 (encounter) failure, instead of putting the blame 10 others, we are supposed to face it bravely and never give up.?
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ?
6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ?
Ⅳ.书面表达
(2022湖南长沙市雅礼中学期中)
假设你是李华,要参加学校的英语征文活动。这次征文活动要求大家给一位历史人物写感谢信,感谢他(她)为人类的进步所做的贡献。内容包括:
1.历史人物的名字及其贡献;
2.该人物对你的影响和启发。
注意:词数80左右。
Dear ,?
?
?
?
?
?
Thank you again, and best regards!
Yours,
Li Hua
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
Part 2 Learning About Language & Using Language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.recreation 2.damp 3.candidates 4.thorough
5.furniture
易错归因 本题容易受前面these pieces of的误导,错填furnitures,我们要牢记furniture是不可数名词。
Ⅱ.1.to 考查介词。句意:如果我们继续破坏自然,总有一天它会对我们残酷。be cruel to...表示“对……残酷”。故填to。
2.Under 考查介词。句意:在猎人的指导下,我们终于走出了这片神秘的森林。under the guidance of为固定搭配,表示“在……的指引下”。设空处位于句首,首字母要大写。故填Under。
3.Unfortunately 考查副词。句意:不幸的是,由于糟糕的天气,今天的演出取消了。该空位于句首,后面有逗号,逗号后句子成分完整,所以设空处应作状语,修饰整个句子,故用副词Unfortunately(注意首字母大写)。
4.advertising 考查名词。句意:如今,很多公司都认为良好的广告宣传活动会增加他们的销售量。设空处作定语,修饰其后面的campaign,advertising campaign意为“广告宣传活动”。故填advertising。
Ⅲ.题型(一)
1.have been waiting 句意:——不好意思,你们在等哪部电影?——最新的《星球大战》。我们已经在这里等了两个多小时了。根据句中的for more than two hours和句意可知,我们已经等了两个多小时了,并且还有可能继续等下去,所以用现在完成进行时。主语为We,故填have been waiting。
2.have been trying 句意:——你们在山上找到那对失踪的夫妇了吗?——没有,但是从那以来(从他们失踪以来),我们一直试图与他们取得联系。根据句中的ever since和句意可知,我们一直试图与他们取得联系,并且很可能继续下去。所以用现在完成进行时。主语为we,故填have been trying。
3.have been reading 句意:我一直在读这本英文小说,并且我尽力在这周末把它读完。结合句意可知,此处应用现在完成进行时。主语为I,故填have been reading。
4.has been making 句意:这位女士从19岁起就一直在做鞋,今年是她做布鞋的第31个年头。根据句中的since she was 19 years old和句意可知,这位女士一直在做鞋,并且有可能继续做下去,所以用现在完成进行时。主语为The woman,故填has been making。
5.has been considering 句意:露西一直在考虑重返学校,但她还没有决定。根据句意可知,此处应用现在完成进行时。主语为Lucy,故填has been considering。
6.has been studying 句意:凯西正在阳光学校的课堂上记关于语法规则的笔记,她在那里学习英语已经一年了。根据句中的for a year和句意可知,凯西在那里学习英语已经一年了,并且很可能继续学习下去。所以用现在完成进行时。主语为she,故填has been studying。
7.has been offering 句意:76岁的威尔逊是一个退休的工程师,他在过去八年里一直为大学生提供免费乘车服务。根据句中的 for the past eight years和句意可知,威尔逊在过去的八年里一直为大学生提供免费乘车服务,并且很可能继续下去,所以用现在完成进行时。主语为第三人称单数,故填has been offering。
题型(二)
1.We have been seeing 2.has been burning 3.has been playing basketball 4.I have fixed the bike 5.have been built
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者在观看儿子篮球比赛的过程中,看到儿子的球队在比赛临近尾声并处于劣势的情况下,依然满怀信心、坚持不懈,最后获得了胜利。这番情景让刚刚失业的作者消除了自我怀疑,重新燃起了生活的斗志。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Recently, as I watched my son Nathan play basketball for his high school team, I was starting to feel sorry for myself and...Nathan's team was trailing for three quarters of the game.”可知,一开始的时候,作者为自己的儿子感到难过,他儿子所在的队在球场上正面临困境,他们是在客场比赛,他儿子所在的队在比赛举行了四分之三的时候处于落后状态,所以作者认为自己儿子所在的球队会输掉客场比赛,故选D。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“During my drive home, I kept telling myself that I would find work again in a short time—I was confident in my experience and ability.”可知,作者对自己充满了信心,同时也很乐观,故选B。
3.A 词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“nail the free throw with such skill”可知,Nathan只有不理睬所有分心的事物才能投中罚球。故选A。
4.C 主旨大意题。文章最后一段中的“That brief moment...we both won.”点明文章中心。作者的儿子在球场上的举动也给了作者启发,作者的儿子在球场上的坚持不懈教会了作者在生活中也应坚持不懈,这是生活中和篮球中的一课。故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.opponent n.对手 2.proceed v.接着做;继而做 3.determination n.决心 4.(be)bursting with...满怀…… 5.in the face of...面对…… 6.estimate v.估计 7.pessimistic adj.悲观的 8.optimistic adj.乐观的
长难句
原句 As Nathan stood at the foul line preparing for a shot that would put his team up by three points, I saw the focus and determination on his face—there was no room for self-doubt.
分析 这是一个主从复合句。As Nathan stood...by three points为As引导的时间状语从句,该时间状语从句中又含有一个that引导的定语从句(that would put his team up by three points),修饰先行词a shot。
译文 当Nathan站在罚球线上准备一个将使他的球队领先三分的投篮时,我看到了他脸上的专注和决心——没有自我怀疑的余地。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 文章讲述了患有侏儒症的彼特·丁拉基立志成为演员,最终在他的坚持不懈下获得了人们的认可,并成了知名演员的故事。
1.D 根据后文“painful bone-shaving operations”可知,彼特经历了磨骨手术。experiment进行实验;arrange安排;design设计;undergo经历(变化、不快的事等)。故选D项。
2.C 根据前文“his dwarfism”可知,彼特患有侏儒症,侏儒症患者看起来和别人不同。故选C项。
3.B 根据前文“his dwarfism”可知,彼特患有侏儒症,因此彼特开始对自己的外貌感到局促不安。appearance外貌,外观。故选B项。
4.B 根据倒数第二段中的“Peter felt the walls he had spent years building start to fall”可知,情感的高墙是彼特自己建造的。decorate装饰;construct建造;destroy摧毁;equip装备。故选B项。
5.D 根据后文“from being made fun of”可知,彼特建造情感的高墙是为了保护自己不被嘲笑。forbid禁止;separate使分开;discourage使灰心;protect保护。故选D项。
6.A 彼特患有侏儒症,所以他身材矮小,build意为“身材,体形”。故选A项。
7.D 根据后文中出现的“acting career”和“performer”可知,他意识到通过表演,他能够改变人们对他的看法。故选D项。
8.D 根据前文“he knew people were recognizing his talent”可知,人们正在认识到他的才华,而不仅仅是对他的长相作出反应。reacting to how he looked表示“对他的样子作出反应”。故选D项。
易错归因 本题容易错选A项。若用what表示,应该是reacting to what he looked like。注意区分。
9.B 根据前文“He moved to New York City”可知,他去纽约是为了追求他的演艺事业。change改变;pursue追求;accompany陪伴;forecast预报。故选B项。
10.C 根据后文“Despite the terrible living conditions”可知,他的居住条件很糟糕,由此推断出他的公寓是光线昏暗的。low-carbon低碳的;high-end高档的;badly-lighted光线昏暗的;well-furnished陈设体面的。故选C项。
11.B 此题可以和第12题和第13题一起解出。根据后文“to the attraction to take such an unimpressive role as an elf just to pay the bills”“waiting for a great”“he was tough enough”以及“the independent film”可知彼特最终迎来了独立电影,这说明他没有为了支付账单而屈服去扮演精灵这样的普通角色,他在等待好的机会,他足够吃苦耐劳去坚持。故本题选B项,第12题选B项,第13题选D项。yield to...屈服于……。
12.B 解析见11题。occupation职业;opportunity机会;actor演员;ceremony仪式。
13.D 解析见11题。 stand out突出;break out爆发;run out用完;hold out坚持。故选D项。
14.A 根据前文“Because of his remarkable talent”及后文“as a performer”可知,彼特因为自己非凡的才华受到人们的认可,人们终于开始认真地把他当作一个表演者。seriously认真地;rarely很少;personally就本人而言;merely只不过。故选A项。
15.C 彼特患有侏儒症,但是最终通过努力,在演艺道路上获得了成功,他的外形与别人不同,但是欣然接受自己的独特之处使他找到了一种既能合群又能脱颖而出的方法。故选C项。
【高频词汇】 1.react to...对……作出反应 2.despite prep.即使;尽管 3.tough adj.能吃苦耐劳的;坚韧不拔的 4.remarkable adj. 非凡的;引人注目的 5.embrace v.欣然接受;拥抱
【熟词生义】 build n.身材;体格
长难句
原句 When he took a bow to the audience, he knew people were recognizing his talent and not just reacting to how he looked.
分析 本句是主从复合句。When he took a bow...audience为When引导的时间状语从句;knew后面是省略了that的宾语从句,该宾语从句中how he looked为how引导的宾语从句。
译文 当他向观众鞠躬时,他知道人们正在认识到他的才华,而不仅仅是对他的长相作出反应。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了王亚平成为航天员的经过以及她身上值得学习的品质。
1.to conduct 考查不定式。名词woman由序数词first修饰,故后跟不定式作后置定语。故填to conduct。
2.when 考查关系副词。设空处无提示词,前面有逗号,逗号前为时间状语in 2003,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,关系词在从句中作时间状语,应用关系副词when引导。句意:王亚平的太空梦始于2003年,当时中国将杨利伟送入太空。
3.became 考查动词的时态。根据文章所使用的时态可知,此处是描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。故填became。
4.frustrated 考查形容词。设空处置于系动词feel之后,所以应用形容词作表语,且修饰人,应用-ed结尾的形容词frustrated,表示“感到沮丧的”。故填frustrated。
5.harder 考查比较级。根据后文“than before”可知应用比较级。故填harder。
6.simply 考查副词。句意:她说:“你不能仅仅因为是女人而得到休息。”空后是介词短语for being a woman,应用副词simply修饰。
7.commitment 考查名词。由空前的形容词性物主代词her可知,这里应用名词,表示“她的奉献和永不放弃的精神”,commitment作“奉献”讲时是不可数名词。
8.an 考查冠词。astronaut为可数名词单数,此处表泛指,应用不定冠词,且outstanding的发音以元音音素开头,故填an。句意:正是她的奉献和永不放弃的精神使她成为一位如此杰出的航天员。
9.encountering 考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知,此处是状语从句的省略形式,省略了we are,动词encounter与we之间是主动关系,应用现在分词,这里完整的形式为when we are encountering failure,所以此处填encountering。
10.on 考查介词。句意:她的故事告诉我们,遇到失败时,我们应该勇敢地面对它,永不放弃,而不是把责任推给别人。put the blame on sb.表示“归咎于某人”。故填on。
【高频词汇】 1.physical adj.身体的,肉体的;物质的,有形的 2.pressure n.压力;挤压 3.in vain徒劳;无结果 4.mission n.使命,飞行任务 5.spirit n.精神,心灵
6.outstanding adj.优秀的,杰出的 7.encounter v.遭遇;偶遇,邂逅 8.blame n.责任
Ⅳ.One possible version:
Dear Li Shizhen,
I am Li Hua, a high school student. I'm writing to express my sincere gratitude to you for your devotion.
You are one of the most important figures in China's medical community. Your famous book, Compendium of Materia Medica, which cost you years of effort, has been regarded as the most complete and comprehensive medical work in the history of Chinese medicine. What impressed me most is your perseverance shown in your career. Encouraged by you, I'm determined to work harder for my dream.
Thank you again, and best regards!?
Yours,
Li Hua?
1.重点词汇
①sincere adj.真诚的;诚恳的 ②gratitude n.感激
③devotion n.奉献;关爱 ④be regarded as...被视为……
⑤impress v.给……留下深刻的好印象
2.亮点句型
①Your famous book, Compendium of Materia Medica, which cost you years of effort, has been regarded as the most complete and comprehensive medical work in the history of Chinese medicine.(which引导的非限制性定语从句)花费您多年心血的名作《本草纲目》被认为是中国医学史上最完整、最全面的医学著作。?
②What impressed me most is your perseverance shown in your career.(What引导的主语从句;过去分词短语作后置定语)最让我印象深刻的是您在您的职业生涯中表现出来的毅力。