2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步练习题--Unit 3单元达标检测（答案与解析）
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2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步
UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION
全卷满分120分 考试用时100分钟
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
People are always full of imagination about the deep and mysterious sea. However, the waters known as the sea are not all the endless seas as we think, but may be beautiful or magnificent lakes.
The Aral Sea
The Aral Sea is an inland lake that lies to the north of Uzbekistan and to the south of Kazakhstan. Its name literally means “the sea of islands” in the Turkic languages.
Thus, its name refers to the many islands that dotted it in the past. Although the Aral Sea occupied a vast area of about 68,000 square km for a long period of time, it’s believed to be less than 10% of its original size.
The Caspian Sea
The Caspian Sea is also an inland lake. Often regarded as the largest lake in the world, the Caspian Sea is located between the continents of Asia and Europe. The Caspian Sea is an enclosed water body. It is called the “sea” probably because of its massive size of about 386,400 square km and its saltiness.
The Salton Sea
Located in California,the US, the Salton Sea is a rift lake that is saline (咸的) in nature.
Several rivers, creeks, agricultural runoff,and drainage systems feed this lake. The Salton Sea encompasses an area of about 890 square km, making it the largest lake in California.
The Sea of Galilee
The Sea of Galilee is a freshwater lake with“sea” in its name. It occupies an area of 166 square km in Israel. It is the second?lowest lake in the world after the Dead Sea with the surface elevation (海拔)of 430.5 metres below sea level. The Jordan River is the primary source of water for the Sea of Galilee. Underground springs also feed water into the lake.
1.Which is the second largest of the four lakes?
A.The Aral Sea.
B.The Caspian Sea.
C.The Salton Sea.
D.The Sea of Galilee.
2.According to the text, which of the following is TRUE?
A.The Aral Sea belongs to Turkey.
B.The location of the Salton Sea is California, the US.
C.The Caspian Sea is located between the continents of Africa and Europe.
D.The primary source of water for the Sea of Galilee is the underground spring.
3.Who is probably interested in this text?
A.A student who majors in history.
B.Someone that researches biology.
C.A person who likes geography.
D.A boy who loves surfing.
B
Mallory Haske surfs nearly every day in the summer, and it really annoys her to see trash in the water or on the beach. So when her high school English teacher assigned a passion project, Haske came up with a creative idea that connected surfing and trash.
She collected litter on the beach and used it to create a surfboard in an effort to raise people’s awareness about ocean pollution. “The feeling of catching a wave is fantastic. It’s such a mental release,” said Haske, standing on the beach waxing(给……打蜡) her newly finished trash board. “I really hope it floats.”
Her teacher assigned the project months ago and was surprised to see how Haske’s enthusiasm about it grew throughout the school year. “Not every student found her passion, but she did,” said the teacher. “I’m super proud of her.”
Over the winter, Haske, who would graduate soon, collected litter including cigarette butts, bottle caps, fast?food containers and masks along the resort area beach. “It was definitely a unique challenge,”Haske said.
She landed a sponsor and raised money from friends to create the surfboard, which cost about $1,000. Haske took custom orders and helped people build their own surfboards. Making one out of trash was a first for her. Nearly the entire board was made from recycled material and litter.
On Tuesday after school, Haske went out and attempted to ride a wave on her new board, but the mostly flat conditions made it difficult. The nose of the surfboard made by herself kept going under the water, but Haske stayed upbeat. “It’s pretty heavy up front, but it’s going to be my best friend,” Haske said after coming out of the water. “It’s made for large waves.”
4.Why did Haske make the surfboard?
A.To put trash to the best use.
B.To take a surfing competition.
C.To pursue her passion for surfing.
D.To draw people’s attention to ocean pollution.
5.Which of the following can best describe Haske?
A.Proud and reliable.
B.Responsible and innovative.
C.Tough and faithful.
D.Imaginative and desperate.
6.How did Haske make the surfboard?
A.With the help of environmentalists.
B.By cooperating with her parents.
C.By using the trash collected from the beach.
D.Under the guidance of her teacher.
7.What does the underlined word “upbeat”in the last paragraph probably mean?
A.Optimistic. B.Cautious.
C.Peaceful. D.Discouraged.
C
Scientists have discovered the world’s largest known field of seagrass. They did it using videos shot by some unusual helpers—tiger sharks. The work helps protect the seagrass, and also shows a powerful way to explore the ocean.
Seagrass is a flowering plant that normally grows in shallow waters near coasts. It grows in thick fields, known as meadows (草甸). Seagrass meadows help clean the ocean’s water, and provide food and shelter for many sea creatures. Importantly, seagrass meadows also help in the fight against the climate crisis. That’s because they store huge amounts of carbon—the harmful pollution that’s making global warming worse. Damaging these seagrass meadows can release this pollution again, so it’s important to protect them.
Though they’re very important, scientists don’t have a good idea of the size and number of the world’s seagrass meadows. From above, the meadows can be hard to spot, because the water is either too deep or not clear enough. And the ocean is so huge that it’s simply not possible to study them all by diving.
So a team of scientists decided to have sharks help with the research. Tiger sharks are huge, strong and deadly. They also live underwater, are fast swimmers and spend a lot of time in seagrass meadows.
Between 2016 and 2020, a team of researchers attached cameras and other trackers to seven tiger sharks. After catching the sharks, scientists worked quickly to attach the equipment and then let them go again.
The cameras were designed to fall off after a few hours and float to the surface. Tracking signals helped the scientists find the floating cameras and collect the videos the sharks had taken. The scientists were left with hours of videos taken as the sharks traveled for miles over the seafloor.
8.What benefit can the scientists’ discovery bring?
A.Expanding the largest seagrass meadows.
B.Reducing the ocean pollution.
C.Helping protect the seagrass meadows.
D.Improving tiger sharks’ living environment.
9.Why can seagrass meadows fight against the climate crisis?
A.They clean dirty water.
B.They produce many sea creatures.
C.They release huge amounts of oxygen.
D.They store large amounts of carbon.
10.What can be inferred from the research?
A.Tiger sharks played a critical part.
B.The researchers raised several tiger sharks.
C.The researchers found the cameras in the deep sea.
D.Tiger sharks need some days to explore with cameras.
11.Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A.Sharks Help Fight Against the Climate Crisis
B.Tiger Sharks Help Scientists Map Seagrass Meadows
C.A New Technology Contributes a Lot to Ocean Protection
D.Researchers Found a Largest Shark in the Ocean Exploration
D
Escaping predators(食肉动物), digestion and other animal activities—including those of humans—require oxygen. But that essential ingredient is no longer so easy for marine life to obtain, several new studies reveal.
In the past decade ocean oxygen levels have taken a dive—an alarming trend that is linked to climate change, says Andreas Oschlies, an oceanographer at the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel in Germany, whose team tracks ocean oxygen levels worldwide. “We are surprised by the intensity of the changes we see, how rapidly the content of oxygen is going down in the ocean and how large the effects on the marine ecosystem are,” he says. It is no surprise to scientists that warming oceans are losing oxygen, but the scale of the drop calls for urgent attention. Ocean oxygen levels in some tropical(热带的) regions have dropped by an astonishing 40 percent in the last 50 years, some recent studies reveal. Levels have dropped less significantly elsewhere, with an average loss of 2 percent globally.
A warming ocean loses oxygen for two reasons. First, the warmer the liquid becomes, the less gas it can hold. That is why carbonated drinks go flat faster when left in the sun. Second, as polar sea ice melts, it forms a layer of water above the colder, saltier sea water. This process creates a sort of lid that can keep currents from mixing surface water with the water in the depths. And because all oxygen enters the surface, less mixing means less of it in the depths.
Ocean animals, large and small, however, respond to even slight changes in oxygen by seeking refuge(庇护) in zones with the higher oxygen content or by adjusting behavior, Oschlies and others in his field have found. These adjustments can expose animals to new predators or force them into food?scarce regions. Climate change already poses serious problems for marine life, such as ocean acidification(酸化), but deoxygenation (脱氧) is the most pressing issue sea animals face today, Oschlies says. “After all,” he says, “they all have to breathe.”
Aside from food web problems, animals face various other physiological challenges as their bodies adjust to lower oxygen levels. Chinese shrimps(虾)move their tails less vigorously to preserve energy in lower oxygen environments. Some creatures, such as jellyfishes, are more tolerant of the low oxygen content than others. But all animals will feel the impact of deoxygenation because they all have evolved their oxygen capacity for a reason, says Oschlies. “Any drop in the oxygen content is going to damage survivability and performance,” he says.
12.According to the first two paragraphs, what worries scientists the most?
A.The worsening deoxygenation in the warming ocean.
B.The survival of predators and various other marine animals.
C.The alarmingly changeable oxygen levels in the ocean.
D.The lack of attention to the warming of tropical oceans.
13.Which of the following is a reason for the oxygen loss in the ocean?
A.The melt of the polar ice consumes much oxygen in the ocean.
B.Global warming reduces the amount of oxygen in the air.
C.The polar ice water on the surface prevents oxygen going down.
D.Salty water holds less gas in the increasingly warmer ocean.
14.What can be inferred from the passage?
A.Ocean deoxygenation changes some animals’ natural habitats.
B.Ocean acidification is a more serious problem than deoxygenation.
C.Not all ocean animals are disturbed by the decreasing oxygen levels.
D.Some animals reduce their movements in order to absorb more oxygen.
15.Where does the passage most probably come from?
A.A biology textbook.
B.A realistic novel.
C.A book review.
D.A scientific journal.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
As long as we have been on earth, we have used the sea around us. We take things from the sea, and we should give things to it.
We take fish from the sea—millions of kilograms of fish, every year—to feed billions of people. 16 We take minerals from the sea. One way to get salt is to place sea water in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates(蒸发). 17 Much gold and silver dissolve(溶解) in the water of the sea, too. But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation. Other gifts from the sea are pearls, sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. 18 Seaweed becomes many kinds of foods—even candy and ice cream—as well as medicine. Believe it or not, fresh water is another gift from the sea. We cannot drink sea water. 19 But sea water becomes fresh water when the salt and other impurities are removed. In the future, we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea. ?
The sea gives us food, fertilizer, minerals, water, and other gifts. What do we give to the sea? Garbage. 20 Huge as it is, the sea cannot hold all the waste water that we pour into it. Dumping garbage into the sea is killing off sea life. Yet as the world population grows, we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever.?
We are finally learning that if we destroy our sea, we might also destroy ourselves. Hopefully, it is not too late.
A.Natural sponges become cleaning aids.
B.We pollute the sea when we use it as a garbage dump.
C.The area of the sea is becoming smaller and smaller.
D.Along with salt, other minerals are left after evaporation.
E.We even use their bones for fertilizer.
F.Some of its ingredients may cause illness.
G.We take a lot from the sea and give little to the sea.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20. ?
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My journey to isolation was somewhat accidental.
I saw an advertisement for a job as a leader for an expedition (探险) to Antarctica—and I have to 21 it was the penguin in the ad that 22 my attention. The ad noted that they were looking for someone to lead a 23 of expeditioners in one of the most 24 and isolated places on the planet. I took part in an 25 and then got a job that I knew I would regret if I didn’t 26 it. Leading 18 strangers for a full year—through months of darkness and with no 27 from the freezing cold—I learned some 28 lessons. ?
After the journey, I wrote two best?selling books and became a motivational speaker. Being in isolation meant I had to do lots of self 29 . I kept a 30 , and every day I would think 31 of how I had operated as a leader. That discipline of 32 myself taught me how to tell right from wrong.?
I often think back to 33 I saw the picture of the penguin that 34 me to look at the ad for the job. It’s a moment that 35 my life completely. ?
21.A.admit B.believe C.indicate D.realize
22.A.demanded B.deserved C.caught D.needed
23.A.kind B.sum C.team D.piece
24.A.awful B.remote
C.promising D.disturbing
25.A.experiment B.interview
C.election D.investigation
26.A.make for B.prepare for
C.register for D.go for
27.A.escape B.departure
C.protection D.direction
28.A.hard B.powerful
C.private D.terrible
29.A.service B.repair
C.study D.reflection
30.A.pet B.secret
C.journal D.promise
31.A.clearly B.carefully
C.highly D.badly
32.A.evaluating B.forgiving
C.behaving D.enjoying
33.A.where B.why C.when D.how
34.A.enabled B.permitted C.allowed D.inspired
35.A.improved B.formed C.ended D.changed
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Deep below the ocean’s surface is a mysterious world that takes up 95% of Earth’s living space. But the deep sea remains 36 (large) unexplored. As you dive down through this vast living space you will notice that light starts fading rapidly. The deeper you dive, the 37 (low) the temperature becomes. At 13,000 feet, the temperature stays around freezing point, and there’s no sunlight at all. Yet there is life—an astonishing 38 (vary) of creatures that you’ll never imagine. You can’t dive into the deep ocean on your own, of course. But scientists now have lots of advanced and complicated technologies 39 (explore) the vast deep sea. ?
It’s hard to imagine that thousands of fascinating animals have adapted to life in this 40 (challenge) environment. Many of them look quite strange. Some have huge eyes while others seem to be all mouths. Their jaws—often filled with sharp teeth— 41 (be) always open. ?
The Census of Marine Life is an international project, 42 records the diversity, distribution, 43 abundance of marine life.The researchers have discovered more than 5,000 new species so far. The data and information 44 (collect) by the Census—30 million records and 2,600 papers contributed 45 the scientific literature—will serve as a baseline in the coming years. ?
36. 37. 38. 39. 40. ?
41. 42. 43. 44. 45. ?
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华,上周六你校在图书馆举办了一场学生英语演讲比赛,主题为“是否应该进行海洋探索”。现在请你为校英文报写一篇报道,内容包括:
1.参赛对象;
2.比赛情况;
3.比赛意义。
注意:1.写作词数应为80 左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
An English Speech Contest on Ocean Exploration
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第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Rafael is my parents’ friend who owns a bakery with the yummiest(最美味的) treats imaginable. He happened to stop by when my friends Mareya and Daniel, my little sister Indi and I were drawing with chalk in front of my house. He said our drawings were cool, trying not to step on them as he walked toward the door to find my dad. We expressed our thanks and continued to draw.
A little while later, when he came back out with my dad, Rafael said he had been thinking about our wonderful drawings, and that he’d really love our help. He was going to sell cookies, and the profits would go to an organization that worked to save the rainforests. When asked if he wanted us to help taste the cookies, Rafael laughed and said, “Of course.” But he said he also needed some artwork for the bags. He wondered if we would be up for making some sketches(草图) on paper that he could consider for the label.
We said yes right away. I mean, who wouldn’t want to help the rainforests—and sample some of Rafael’s delicious cookies? Rafael had to leave for a meeting but promised to be back by four o’clock. “Don’t worry about making the pictures perfect,” he said as he left. “Just have fun drawing.”
After we read a little bit about the rainforests, my mom helped get us set up with art supplies and background music. And away we drew! Finally, about five minutes before four o’clock, we decided to stop and look at one another’s work. To our great surprise, Daniel made an incredible drawing. When asked why he never told us that he could draw like that, Daniel just smiled. He said he was glad we liked it and that he thought all of ours were really awesome too.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
I liked my drawing, but after comparing it with Daniel’s masterpiece, I felt like the worst ever artist. ?
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Paragraph 2:
When I looked closely at everyone’s art,I could see what Rafael meant. ?
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UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION
1.A
2.B
3.C
4.D
5.B
6.C
7.A
8.C
9.D
10.A
11.B
12.A
13.C
14.A
15.D
16.E
17.D
18.A
19.F
20.B
21.A
22.C
23.C
24.B
25.B
26.D
27.A
28.B
29.D
30.C
31.B
32.A
33.C
34.D
35.D
36.largely 37.lower 38.variety 39.to explore 40.challenging 41.are
42.which 43.and 44.collected 45.to
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几个被称为海洋的湖泊。
1.A 细节理解题。根据The Aral Sea 中的“a vast area of about 68,000...its original size”可知,咸海的面积不到68,000平方千米的10%,也就是说它的面积不到6,800平方千米;又根据The Caspian Sea中的“size of about 386,400 square km”、The Salton Sea中的“an area of about 890 square km”和The Sea of Galilee中的“an area of 166 square km”可知,面积第二大的是咸海(The Aral Sea)。故选A。
2.B 细节理解题。根据The Salton Sea中的“Located in California,the US...in nature.”可知,索尔顿湖位于美国加利福尼亚州。故选B。
3.C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“However, the waters known as the sea are not all the endless seas...magnificent lakes.”以及下文介绍的几个被称为海洋的湖泊可知,本文介绍的是地理方面的知识,故可推断出喜欢地理的人会对该文章感兴趣。故选C。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Mallory Haske利用从海边捡的垃圾来制作冲浪板,并借此提醒人们注意保护海洋的故事。
4.D 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,Haske收集海滩上的垃圾制作冲浪板是想提高人们对海洋污染的认识。故选D。
5.B 推理判断题。第一段最后一句“因此,当她的高中英语老师布置了一个热情项目时,Haske想出了一个创造性的想法,将冲浪和垃圾联系在一起。”说明她有创意。第二段第一句“她收集了海滩上的垃圾,并用它制作了一个冲浪板,以提高人们对海洋污染的认识。”说明Haske注意海洋环境保护,是一个有责任心的人。故选B。A.自豪的和可靠的;C.严厉的和忠诚的;D.富有想象力的和不顾一切的。
6.C 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“整个冬天,即将毕业的Haske在度假区的海滩上收集垃圾,包括烟头、瓶盖、快餐容器和口罩。”和第五段最后一句“几乎整个冲浪板都是由回收材料和垃圾制成的。”可知,Haske的冲浪板是由她在海边捡到的垃圾制作成的。故选C。
7.A 词义猜测题。通过画线词所在句及后面一句 “她自己做的冲浪板的前端一直在水下,但Haske保持upbeat。Haske从水里出来后说:‘它的前面很沉,但它将成为我最好的朋友。它是为大浪而制作的。’”可知,虽然冲浪板不太好用,前端无法翘出水面,但Haske依旧很喜欢这块冲浪板,认为它适合在有大浪时使用,结合四个选项可猜测upbeat的意思是“乐观的,积极的”。故选A。
C
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了科学家利用虎鲨发现了世界上已知的最大的海草地,这也是一种有效的探索海洋的方式。
8.C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“The work helps protect the seagrass”可知,科学家的发现能帮助保护海草。故选C。
9.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“That’s because they store huge amounts of carbon”可知,海草草甸可以对抗气候危机是因为它们储存了大量的碳。故选D。
10.A 推理判断题。根据第四段可知科学家决定让虎鲨帮助他们进行研究,虎鲨体型巨大,强壮且致命,生活在水下,游动速度快,且长时间生活在海草草甸中。所以虎鲨是适合做这件事情的,在研究中起了关键作用。故选A。
11.B 主旨大意题。第一段点明了文章的主题:科学家利用一些不寻常的帮手——虎鲨发现了世界上已知的最大的海草地。后面几段分别介绍了海草草甸的作用,选择虎鲨来协助研究的原因以及具体的研究方式。由此可知文章主要介绍了虎鲨帮助科学家绘制海草草甸地图。故选B。
D
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章指出,海洋氧含量下降是一个与气候变化相关的令人担忧的趋势。
12.A 细节理解题。由第二段后三句可知,对于科学家来说,变暖的海洋正在失去氧气并不奇怪,但下降的幅度需要引起人们的注意。一些最近的研究表明,在过去的50年里,一些热带地区的海洋氧含量下降了惊人的40%,其他地区的降幅较小,全球平均降幅为2%。所以,科学家最担心的是变暖的海洋中日益恶化的脱氧现象。故选A。
13.C 细节理解题。第三段说明了变暖的海洋缺氧的两点原因,分别是:一、液体温度越高,它能容纳的气体就越少;二、当极地海冰融化时,它会在更冷、更咸的海水上形成一层水。这个过程会形成一种类似盖子的东西,它可以防止水流将表面的水与海洋深处的水混合。因为所有的氧气都进入表面,所以较少的混合就意味着海洋深处的氧含量更少。所以表面的极地冰水阻止氧气下沉是海洋缺氧的原因之一。故选C。
14.A 推理判断题。由第四段前两句可知,Oschlies和他所在领域的其他人发现,无论大小,海洋动物对氧气的微小变化都有反应,它们在氧含量较高的区域寻求庇护或调整行为。这些调整可能使动物暴露在新的食肉动物面前,或迫使它们进入食物匮乏的地区。所以海洋氧含量减少迫使动物离开自己的栖息地,去氧气含量较高的地区寻求庇护。故推断出海洋脱氧改变了一些动物的自然栖息地。故选A。
15.D 推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章说明了海洋氧含量下降是一个与气候变化有关的令人担忧的趋势,还说明了海洋氧含量下降的原因以及其对海洋生物的影响。所以文章主要是围绕着海洋氧含量下降而展开的,而这属于科学的范畴,所以可推测出该文章很可能来自科学期刊。
第二节
◎语篇解读 这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了我们越来越依赖海洋的资源,但是我们却不断地污染海洋,作者希望人们减少海洋污染。
16.E 根据空前句可知,我们每年从海洋中捞取数百万千克的鱼来养活数十亿人。由此推断空处讲述海洋中的鱼对人类的好处,故选E项。倒数第二段提到的fertilizer也是对此处的提示。
17.D 根据空前两句可知,人们从海洋中提取矿物,一种方式是通过蒸发海水获得盐,故D项承接上文关于从海水中获得盐的描述,符合题意。故选D。
18.A 根据空前两句可知,来自海洋的其他礼物是珍珠、海绵和海藻。珍珠可以被制成珠宝,空后句说海藻可以被制成多种食物——甚至糖果和冰激凌——以及药品。故设空处应讲海绵的用途。结合选项,A项符合题意。故选A。
19.F 根据空前句可知,人不能喝海水,而空后句表明去掉海水中的盐和其他杂质就能得到淡水。空处应该承接上文,讲喝海水的不良影响,F项符合题意。故选F。
20.B 本段主要讲述了人们对海洋的污染。根据空前两句可知,人们给海洋带来了垃圾,污染了海洋,B项承上启下,符合题意。故选B。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文,讲了作者带领探险队员去南极洲探险,度过了数月的严寒和黑暗。
21.A 根据最后一段中的“...I saw the picture of the penguin that 34 me to look at the ad for the job.”可知,作者看到企鹅的照片之后才看到工作的广告,由此可知,作者承认是招聘广告中的企鹅照片引起了他的注意。故选A。?
22.C 根据最后一段中的“...me to look at the ad for the job.”可知,此处表示引起了“我”的注意。故选C。
23.C kind种类;sum金额,总和;team队,组;piece块。根据第二段中的“Leading 18 strangers...”可知,18个人应为一队。故选C。
24.B 根据本段首句“I saw an advertisement for a job as a leader for an expedition (探险) to Antarctica...”可知,作者看到一则招聘南极洲探险领队的广告,而南极洲是地球上最偏远的地方之一。故选B。
25.B 根据上文的“I took part in”以及下文的“and then got a job”可知,作者参加了面试,然后得到了工作。故选B。
26.D 根据第三段的“After the journey”可知,作者得到了这份去南极洲的工作。由此推断出“我知道如果我不去努力争取,我会后悔的”。故选D。
27.A 根据上文“months of darkness”可知,南极洲处于黑暗状态,是非常寒冷的,此处指无法摆脱寒冷。故选A。
28.B 根据第三段首句可知,探险归来后,作者成了一名励志演说家。故作者在探险过程中,学到了一些有影响力的教训。故选B。
29.D 根据下文的“every day I would think 31 of how I had operated as a leader”可知,与外界隔绝意味着作者必须做大量的自我反省。故选D。?
30.C 上文提及作者探险归来后,写了两本畅销书并成了一名励志演说家,在与外界隔绝期间做了大量的自我反省。根据下文“and every day I would think...as a leader”可知,作者每天都会进行自我反省。所以这里用kept a journal表示“写日记”,符合语境。故选C。
31.B 根据下文的“how I had operated as a leader”可知,作为探险队的领队,作者每天都要仔细地思考自己的所作所为。故选B。
32.A 上文提到作者在探险中做大量的自我反思以及写日记,这些工作有利于作者自我评价。故选A。
33.C 根据下文的“It’s a moment”可知,作者回忆的是看到招聘广告的那个时候。故选C。
34.D 第二段提及作者承认是广告中企鹅的照片吸引了他的注意。由此推断出广告上的企鹅图片激发了作者对招聘广告的兴趣。故选D。
35.D 根据文章开头,作者完全是因为偶然看到了那则招聘广告,然后才踏上探险之旅。作者探险归来后,写了两本畅销书并成了一名励志演说家。所以就在看到广告的那一刻,作者的生活彻底地改变了。故选D。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了针对海洋深处的世界的探索发现。
36.largely 考查副词。设空处后是形容词,所以用副词作状语,修饰形容词unexplored。故填largely,表示“在很大程度上,主要地”。句意:但是深海在很大程度上仍没有被探索。
37.lower 考查形容词的比较级。此处构成“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”的句型,意为“越……,就越……”。根据The deeper 可知,这里填lower。句意:你潜得越深,温度就变得越低。
38.variety 考查名词。 a variety of为固定搭配,意为“各种各样的”。故填variety。
39.to explore 考查不定式。句意:但科学家们现在有很多先进而复杂的技术来探索广阔的深海。根据句意可知,此处是动词不定式短语作定语。故填to explore。
40.challenging 考查形容词。根据空前的this及空后的名词environment可知,此处用形容词challenging作定语,修饰environment。故填challenging。this challenging environment意为“这种充满挑战的环境”。
41.are 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:它们的颌——经常长满锋利的牙齿——总是张着的。根据句意可知,此处叙述的是一般情况,所以使用一般现在时,主语 jaws为复数,故填are。
42.which 考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,且前面有逗号隔开,将project代入后面句子中,意义完整,所以推测设空处引导的是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词为project,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which。句意:海洋生物普查计划是一个国际计划,它记录海洋生物的多样性、分布和丰富度。
43.and 考查连词。句意见上一题。diversity、distribution和abundance三个名词并列。故填and。
44.collected 考查过去分词。本句已有谓语will serve,所以设空处为非谓语动词,结合设空处后的by the Census可知,collect与The data and information之间为逻辑上的被动关系,所以用过去分词形式作后置定语,修饰The data and information。故填collected。
45.to 考查介词。“contribute sth. to...”为固定结构,意为“把某物贡献给……”。故填to。此处“contributed to...”作后置定语。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
An English Speech Contest on Ocean Exploration
An English speech contest about whether we should explore the ocean was held in our school library last Saturday.
The competition started at 9:00 am and lasted two hours. Students who have a good command of English and show great interest in this topic took turns to give us a speech. Their performances on the stage were so wonderful that they were greeted with applause and praise.
The activity was highly spoken of because not only did it enrich our school life but it also enabled us to realize the importance of protecting the ocean.
第二节
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
I liked my drawing, but after comparing it with Daniel’s masterpiece, I felt like the worst ever artist. I tried to tell myself that it was just for fun and that it didn’t matter how good or bad my drawing was, but I couldn’t shake off the feeling of disappointment. Just then, Rafael walked in and noticed my downcast expression. He asked if everything was alright and I told him how I felt. Rafael smiled and asked, “Do you want to know the secret of my yummy cookies?” “What’s the secret?” I asked, expecting the answer. “It’s the fun and joy in the baking process. You know, the most important thing about drawing, likewise, is not how perfect it looks, but how it makes you feel. Does your drawing make you happy? If it does, then it’s a masterpiece.”
Paragraph 2:
When I looked closely at everyone’s art, I could see what Rafael meant. Even though some of the drawings were not technically perfect, they all had a special quality that made them unique and beautiful in their own way. Mareya’s and Indi’s were bold and colorful, while mine was delicate and intricate. We all happily engaged in drawing and each drawing represented our own observation and imagination. I think Rafael’s words really captured the essence of what art is all about. It’s not about conforming to a certain set of rules or standards, but rather about expressing oneself in a way that brings joy and meaning to the drawer and those who view the work.
UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION
全卷满分120分 考试用时100分钟
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
People are always full of imagination about the deep and mysterious sea. However, the waters known as the sea are not all the endless seas as we think, but may be beautiful or magnificent lakes.
The Aral Sea
The Aral Sea is an inland lake that lies to the north of Uzbekistan and to the south of Kazakhstan. Its name literally means “the sea of islands” in the Turkic languages.
Thus, its name refers to the many islands that dotted it in the past. Although the Aral Sea occupied a vast area of about 68,000 square km for a long period of time, it’s believed to be less than 10% of its original size.
The Caspian Sea
The Caspian Sea is also an inland lake. Often regarded as the largest lake in the world, the Caspian Sea is located between the continents of Asia and Europe. The Caspian Sea is an enclosed water body. It is called the “sea” probably because of its massive size of about 386,400 square km and its saltiness.
The Salton Sea
Located in California,the US, the Salton Sea is a rift lake that is saline (咸的) in nature.
Several rivers, creeks, agricultural runoff,and drainage systems feed this lake. The Salton Sea encompasses an area of about 890 square km, making it the largest lake in California.
The Sea of Galilee
The Sea of Galilee is a freshwater lake with“sea” in its name. It occupies an area of 166 square km in Israel. It is the second?lowest lake in the world after the Dead Sea with the surface elevation (海拔)of 430.5 metres below sea level. The Jordan River is the primary source of water for the Sea of Galilee. Underground springs also feed water into the lake.
1.Which is the second largest of the four lakes?
A.The Aral Sea.
B.The Caspian Sea.
C.The Salton Sea.
D.The Sea of Galilee.
2.According to the text, which of the following is TRUE?
A.The Aral Sea belongs to Turkey.
B.The location of the Salton Sea is California, the US.
C.The Caspian Sea is located between the continents of Africa and Europe.
D.The primary source of water for the Sea of Galilee is the underground spring.
3.Who is probably interested in this text?
A.A student who majors in history.
B.Someone that researches biology.
C.A person who likes geography.
D.A boy who loves surfing.
B
Mallory Haske surfs nearly every day in the summer, and it really annoys her to see trash in the water or on the beach. So when her high school English teacher assigned a passion project, Haske came up with a creative idea that connected surfing and trash.
She collected litter on the beach and used it to create a surfboard in an effort to raise people’s awareness about ocean pollution. “The feeling of catching a wave is fantastic. It’s such a mental release,” said Haske, standing on the beach waxing(给……打蜡) her newly finished trash board. “I really hope it floats.”
Her teacher assigned the project months ago and was surprised to see how Haske’s enthusiasm about it grew throughout the school year. “Not every student found her passion, but she did,” said the teacher. “I’m super proud of her.”
Over the winter, Haske, who would graduate soon, collected litter including cigarette butts, bottle caps, fast?food containers and masks along the resort area beach. “It was definitely a unique challenge,”Haske said.
She landed a sponsor and raised money from friends to create the surfboard, which cost about $1,000. Haske took custom orders and helped people build their own surfboards. Making one out of trash was a first for her. Nearly the entire board was made from recycled material and litter.
On Tuesday after school, Haske went out and attempted to ride a wave on her new board, but the mostly flat conditions made it difficult. The nose of the surfboard made by herself kept going under the water, but Haske stayed upbeat. “It’s pretty heavy up front, but it’s going to be my best friend,” Haske said after coming out of the water. “It’s made for large waves.”
4.Why did Haske make the surfboard?
A.To put trash to the best use.
B.To take a surfing competition.
C.To pursue her passion for surfing.
D.To draw people’s attention to ocean pollution.
5.Which of the following can best describe Haske?
A.Proud and reliable.
B.Responsible and innovative.
C.Tough and faithful.
D.Imaginative and desperate.
6.How did Haske make the surfboard?
A.With the help of environmentalists.
B.By cooperating with her parents.
C.By using the trash collected from the beach.
D.Under the guidance of her teacher.
7.What does the underlined word “upbeat”in the last paragraph probably mean?
A.Optimistic. B.Cautious.
C.Peaceful. D.Discouraged.
C
Scientists have discovered the world’s largest known field of seagrass. They did it using videos shot by some unusual helpers—tiger sharks. The work helps protect the seagrass, and also shows a powerful way to explore the ocean.
Seagrass is a flowering plant that normally grows in shallow waters near coasts. It grows in thick fields, known as meadows (草甸). Seagrass meadows help clean the ocean’s water, and provide food and shelter for many sea creatures. Importantly, seagrass meadows also help in the fight against the climate crisis. That’s because they store huge amounts of carbon—the harmful pollution that’s making global warming worse. Damaging these seagrass meadows can release this pollution again, so it’s important to protect them.
Though they’re very important, scientists don’t have a good idea of the size and number of the world’s seagrass meadows. From above, the meadows can be hard to spot, because the water is either too deep or not clear enough. And the ocean is so huge that it’s simply not possible to study them all by diving.
So a team of scientists decided to have sharks help with the research. Tiger sharks are huge, strong and deadly. They also live underwater, are fast swimmers and spend a lot of time in seagrass meadows.
Between 2016 and 2020, a team of researchers attached cameras and other trackers to seven tiger sharks. After catching the sharks, scientists worked quickly to attach the equipment and then let them go again.
The cameras were designed to fall off after a few hours and float to the surface. Tracking signals helped the scientists find the floating cameras and collect the videos the sharks had taken. The scientists were left with hours of videos taken as the sharks traveled for miles over the seafloor.
8.What benefit can the scientists’ discovery bring?
A.Expanding the largest seagrass meadows.
B.Reducing the ocean pollution.
C.Helping protect the seagrass meadows.
D.Improving tiger sharks’ living environment.
9.Why can seagrass meadows fight against the climate crisis?
A.They clean dirty water.
B.They produce many sea creatures.
C.They release huge amounts of oxygen.
D.They store large amounts of carbon.
10.What can be inferred from the research?
A.Tiger sharks played a critical part.
B.The researchers raised several tiger sharks.
C.The researchers found the cameras in the deep sea.
D.Tiger sharks need some days to explore with cameras.
11.Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A.Sharks Help Fight Against the Climate Crisis
B.Tiger Sharks Help Scientists Map Seagrass Meadows
C.A New Technology Contributes a Lot to Ocean Protection
D.Researchers Found a Largest Shark in the Ocean Exploration
D
Escaping predators(食肉动物), digestion and other animal activities—including those of humans—require oxygen. But that essential ingredient is no longer so easy for marine life to obtain, several new studies reveal.
In the past decade ocean oxygen levels have taken a dive—an alarming trend that is linked to climate change, says Andreas Oschlies, an oceanographer at the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel in Germany, whose team tracks ocean oxygen levels worldwide. “We are surprised by the intensity of the changes we see, how rapidly the content of oxygen is going down in the ocean and how large the effects on the marine ecosystem are,” he says. It is no surprise to scientists that warming oceans are losing oxygen, but the scale of the drop calls for urgent attention. Ocean oxygen levels in some tropical(热带的) regions have dropped by an astonishing 40 percent in the last 50 years, some recent studies reveal. Levels have dropped less significantly elsewhere, with an average loss of 2 percent globally.
A warming ocean loses oxygen for two reasons. First, the warmer the liquid becomes, the less gas it can hold. That is why carbonated drinks go flat faster when left in the sun. Second, as polar sea ice melts, it forms a layer of water above the colder, saltier sea water. This process creates a sort of lid that can keep currents from mixing surface water with the water in the depths. And because all oxygen enters the surface, less mixing means less of it in the depths.
Ocean animals, large and small, however, respond to even slight changes in oxygen by seeking refuge(庇护) in zones with the higher oxygen content or by adjusting behavior, Oschlies and others in his field have found. These adjustments can expose animals to new predators or force them into food?scarce regions. Climate change already poses serious problems for marine life, such as ocean acidification(酸化), but deoxygenation (脱氧) is the most pressing issue sea animals face today, Oschlies says. “After all,” he says, “they all have to breathe.”
Aside from food web problems, animals face various other physiological challenges as their bodies adjust to lower oxygen levels. Chinese shrimps(虾)move their tails less vigorously to preserve energy in lower oxygen environments. Some creatures, such as jellyfishes, are more tolerant of the low oxygen content than others. But all animals will feel the impact of deoxygenation because they all have evolved their oxygen capacity for a reason, says Oschlies. “Any drop in the oxygen content is going to damage survivability and performance,” he says.
12.According to the first two paragraphs, what worries scientists the most?
A.The worsening deoxygenation in the warming ocean.
B.The survival of predators and various other marine animals.
C.The alarmingly changeable oxygen levels in the ocean.
D.The lack of attention to the warming of tropical oceans.
13.Which of the following is a reason for the oxygen loss in the ocean?
A.The melt of the polar ice consumes much oxygen in the ocean.
B.Global warming reduces the amount of oxygen in the air.
C.The polar ice water on the surface prevents oxygen going down.
D.Salty water holds less gas in the increasingly warmer ocean.
14.What can be inferred from the passage?
A.Ocean deoxygenation changes some animals’ natural habitats.
B.Ocean acidification is a more serious problem than deoxygenation.
C.Not all ocean animals are disturbed by the decreasing oxygen levels.
D.Some animals reduce their movements in order to absorb more oxygen.
15.Where does the passage most probably come from?
A.A biology textbook.
B.A realistic novel.
C.A book review.
D.A scientific journal.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
As long as we have been on earth, we have used the sea around us. We take things from the sea, and we should give things to it.
We take fish from the sea—millions of kilograms of fish, every year—to feed billions of people. 16 We take minerals from the sea. One way to get salt is to place sea water in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates(蒸发). 17 Much gold and silver dissolve(溶解) in the water of the sea, too. But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation. Other gifts from the sea are pearls, sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. 18 Seaweed becomes many kinds of foods—even candy and ice cream—as well as medicine. Believe it or not, fresh water is another gift from the sea. We cannot drink sea water. 19 But sea water becomes fresh water when the salt and other impurities are removed. In the future, we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea. ?
The sea gives us food, fertilizer, minerals, water, and other gifts. What do we give to the sea? Garbage. 20 Huge as it is, the sea cannot hold all the waste water that we pour into it. Dumping garbage into the sea is killing off sea life. Yet as the world population grows, we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever.?
We are finally learning that if we destroy our sea, we might also destroy ourselves. Hopefully, it is not too late.
A.Natural sponges become cleaning aids.
B.We pollute the sea when we use it as a garbage dump.
C.The area of the sea is becoming smaller and smaller.
D.Along with salt, other minerals are left after evaporation.
E.We even use their bones for fertilizer.
F.Some of its ingredients may cause illness.
G.We take a lot from the sea and give little to the sea.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20. ?
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My journey to isolation was somewhat accidental.
I saw an advertisement for a job as a leader for an expedition (探险) to Antarctica—and I have to 21 it was the penguin in the ad that 22 my attention. The ad noted that they were looking for someone to lead a 23 of expeditioners in one of the most 24 and isolated places on the planet. I took part in an 25 and then got a job that I knew I would regret if I didn’t 26 it. Leading 18 strangers for a full year—through months of darkness and with no 27 from the freezing cold—I learned some 28 lessons. ?
After the journey, I wrote two best?selling books and became a motivational speaker. Being in isolation meant I had to do lots of self 29 . I kept a 30 , and every day I would think 31 of how I had operated as a leader. That discipline of 32 myself taught me how to tell right from wrong.?
I often think back to 33 I saw the picture of the penguin that 34 me to look at the ad for the job. It’s a moment that 35 my life completely. ?
21.A.admit B.believe C.indicate D.realize
22.A.demanded B.deserved C.caught D.needed
23.A.kind B.sum C.team D.piece
24.A.awful B.remote
C.promising D.disturbing
25.A.experiment B.interview
C.election D.investigation
26.A.make for B.prepare for
C.register for D.go for
27.A.escape B.departure
C.protection D.direction
28.A.hard B.powerful
C.private D.terrible
29.A.service B.repair
C.study D.reflection
30.A.pet B.secret
C.journal D.promise
31.A.clearly B.carefully
C.highly D.badly
32.A.evaluating B.forgiving
C.behaving D.enjoying
33.A.where B.why C.when D.how
34.A.enabled B.permitted C.allowed D.inspired
35.A.improved B.formed C.ended D.changed
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Deep below the ocean’s surface is a mysterious world that takes up 95% of Earth’s living space. But the deep sea remains 36 (large) unexplored. As you dive down through this vast living space you will notice that light starts fading rapidly. The deeper you dive, the 37 (low) the temperature becomes. At 13,000 feet, the temperature stays around freezing point, and there’s no sunlight at all. Yet there is life—an astonishing 38 (vary) of creatures that you’ll never imagine. You can’t dive into the deep ocean on your own, of course. But scientists now have lots of advanced and complicated technologies 39 (explore) the vast deep sea. ?
It’s hard to imagine that thousands of fascinating animals have adapted to life in this 40 (challenge) environment. Many of them look quite strange. Some have huge eyes while others seem to be all mouths. Their jaws—often filled with sharp teeth— 41 (be) always open. ?
The Census of Marine Life is an international project, 42 records the diversity, distribution, 43 abundance of marine life.The researchers have discovered more than 5,000 new species so far. The data and information 44 (collect) by the Census—30 million records and 2,600 papers contributed 45 the scientific literature—will serve as a baseline in the coming years. ?
36. 37. 38. 39. 40. ?
41. 42. 43. 44. 45. ?
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华,上周六你校在图书馆举办了一场学生英语演讲比赛,主题为“是否应该进行海洋探索”。现在请你为校英文报写一篇报道,内容包括:
1.参赛对象;
2.比赛情况;
3.比赛意义。
注意:1.写作词数应为80 左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
An English Speech Contest on Ocean Exploration
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第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Rafael is my parents’ friend who owns a bakery with the yummiest(最美味的) treats imaginable. He happened to stop by when my friends Mareya and Daniel, my little sister Indi and I were drawing with chalk in front of my house. He said our drawings were cool, trying not to step on them as he walked toward the door to find my dad. We expressed our thanks and continued to draw.
A little while later, when he came back out with my dad, Rafael said he had been thinking about our wonderful drawings, and that he’d really love our help. He was going to sell cookies, and the profits would go to an organization that worked to save the rainforests. When asked if he wanted us to help taste the cookies, Rafael laughed and said, “Of course.” But he said he also needed some artwork for the bags. He wondered if we would be up for making some sketches(草图) on paper that he could consider for the label.
We said yes right away. I mean, who wouldn’t want to help the rainforests—and sample some of Rafael’s delicious cookies? Rafael had to leave for a meeting but promised to be back by four o’clock. “Don’t worry about making the pictures perfect,” he said as he left. “Just have fun drawing.”
After we read a little bit about the rainforests, my mom helped get us set up with art supplies and background music. And away we drew! Finally, about five minutes before four o’clock, we decided to stop and look at one another’s work. To our great surprise, Daniel made an incredible drawing. When asked why he never told us that he could draw like that, Daniel just smiled. He said he was glad we liked it and that he thought all of ours were really awesome too.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
I liked my drawing, but after comparing it with Daniel’s masterpiece, I felt like the worst ever artist. ?
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Paragraph 2:
When I looked closely at everyone’s art,I could see what Rafael meant. ?
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UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION
1.A
2.B
3.C
4.D
5.B
6.C
7.A
8.C
9.D
10.A
11.B
12.A
13.C
14.A
15.D
16.E
17.D
18.A
19.F
20.B
21.A
22.C
23.C
24.B
25.B
26.D
27.A
28.B
29.D
30.C
31.B
32.A
33.C
34.D
35.D
36.largely 37.lower 38.variety 39.to explore 40.challenging 41.are
42.which 43.and 44.collected 45.to
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几个被称为海洋的湖泊。
1.A 细节理解题。根据The Aral Sea 中的“a vast area of about 68,000...its original size”可知,咸海的面积不到68,000平方千米的10%,也就是说它的面积不到6,800平方千米;又根据The Caspian Sea中的“size of about 386,400 square km”、The Salton Sea中的“an area of about 890 square km”和The Sea of Galilee中的“an area of 166 square km”可知,面积第二大的是咸海(The Aral Sea)。故选A。
2.B 细节理解题。根据The Salton Sea中的“Located in California,the US...in nature.”可知,索尔顿湖位于美国加利福尼亚州。故选B。
3.C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“However, the waters known as the sea are not all the endless seas...magnificent lakes.”以及下文介绍的几个被称为海洋的湖泊可知,本文介绍的是地理方面的知识,故可推断出喜欢地理的人会对该文章感兴趣。故选C。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Mallory Haske利用从海边捡的垃圾来制作冲浪板,并借此提醒人们注意保护海洋的故事。
4.D 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,Haske收集海滩上的垃圾制作冲浪板是想提高人们对海洋污染的认识。故选D。
5.B 推理判断题。第一段最后一句“因此,当她的高中英语老师布置了一个热情项目时,Haske想出了一个创造性的想法,将冲浪和垃圾联系在一起。”说明她有创意。第二段第一句“她收集了海滩上的垃圾,并用它制作了一个冲浪板,以提高人们对海洋污染的认识。”说明Haske注意海洋环境保护,是一个有责任心的人。故选B。A.自豪的和可靠的;C.严厉的和忠诚的;D.富有想象力的和不顾一切的。
6.C 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“整个冬天,即将毕业的Haske在度假区的海滩上收集垃圾,包括烟头、瓶盖、快餐容器和口罩。”和第五段最后一句“几乎整个冲浪板都是由回收材料和垃圾制成的。”可知,Haske的冲浪板是由她在海边捡到的垃圾制作成的。故选C。
7.A 词义猜测题。通过画线词所在句及后面一句 “她自己做的冲浪板的前端一直在水下,但Haske保持upbeat。Haske从水里出来后说:‘它的前面很沉,但它将成为我最好的朋友。它是为大浪而制作的。’”可知,虽然冲浪板不太好用,前端无法翘出水面,但Haske依旧很喜欢这块冲浪板,认为它适合在有大浪时使用,结合四个选项可猜测upbeat的意思是“乐观的,积极的”。故选A。
C
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了科学家利用虎鲨发现了世界上已知的最大的海草地,这也是一种有效的探索海洋的方式。
8.C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“The work helps protect the seagrass”可知,科学家的发现能帮助保护海草。故选C。
9.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“That’s because they store huge amounts of carbon”可知,海草草甸可以对抗气候危机是因为它们储存了大量的碳。故选D。
10.A 推理判断题。根据第四段可知科学家决定让虎鲨帮助他们进行研究,虎鲨体型巨大,强壮且致命,生活在水下,游动速度快,且长时间生活在海草草甸中。所以虎鲨是适合做这件事情的,在研究中起了关键作用。故选A。
11.B 主旨大意题。第一段点明了文章的主题:科学家利用一些不寻常的帮手——虎鲨发现了世界上已知的最大的海草地。后面几段分别介绍了海草草甸的作用,选择虎鲨来协助研究的原因以及具体的研究方式。由此可知文章主要介绍了虎鲨帮助科学家绘制海草草甸地图。故选B。
D
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章指出,海洋氧含量下降是一个与气候变化相关的令人担忧的趋势。
12.A 细节理解题。由第二段后三句可知,对于科学家来说,变暖的海洋正在失去氧气并不奇怪,但下降的幅度需要引起人们的注意。一些最近的研究表明,在过去的50年里,一些热带地区的海洋氧含量下降了惊人的40%,其他地区的降幅较小,全球平均降幅为2%。所以,科学家最担心的是变暖的海洋中日益恶化的脱氧现象。故选A。
13.C 细节理解题。第三段说明了变暖的海洋缺氧的两点原因,分别是:一、液体温度越高,它能容纳的气体就越少;二、当极地海冰融化时,它会在更冷、更咸的海水上形成一层水。这个过程会形成一种类似盖子的东西,它可以防止水流将表面的水与海洋深处的水混合。因为所有的氧气都进入表面,所以较少的混合就意味着海洋深处的氧含量更少。所以表面的极地冰水阻止氧气下沉是海洋缺氧的原因之一。故选C。
14.A 推理判断题。由第四段前两句可知,Oschlies和他所在领域的其他人发现,无论大小,海洋动物对氧气的微小变化都有反应,它们在氧含量较高的区域寻求庇护或调整行为。这些调整可能使动物暴露在新的食肉动物面前,或迫使它们进入食物匮乏的地区。所以海洋氧含量减少迫使动物离开自己的栖息地,去氧气含量较高的地区寻求庇护。故推断出海洋脱氧改变了一些动物的自然栖息地。故选A。
15.D 推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章说明了海洋氧含量下降是一个与气候变化有关的令人担忧的趋势,还说明了海洋氧含量下降的原因以及其对海洋生物的影响。所以文章主要是围绕着海洋氧含量下降而展开的,而这属于科学的范畴,所以可推测出该文章很可能来自科学期刊。
第二节
◎语篇解读 这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了我们越来越依赖海洋的资源,但是我们却不断地污染海洋,作者希望人们减少海洋污染。
16.E 根据空前句可知,我们每年从海洋中捞取数百万千克的鱼来养活数十亿人。由此推断空处讲述海洋中的鱼对人类的好处,故选E项。倒数第二段提到的fertilizer也是对此处的提示。
17.D 根据空前两句可知,人们从海洋中提取矿物,一种方式是通过蒸发海水获得盐,故D项承接上文关于从海水中获得盐的描述,符合题意。故选D。
18.A 根据空前两句可知,来自海洋的其他礼物是珍珠、海绵和海藻。珍珠可以被制成珠宝,空后句说海藻可以被制成多种食物——甚至糖果和冰激凌——以及药品。故设空处应讲海绵的用途。结合选项,A项符合题意。故选A。
19.F 根据空前句可知,人不能喝海水,而空后句表明去掉海水中的盐和其他杂质就能得到淡水。空处应该承接上文,讲喝海水的不良影响,F项符合题意。故选F。
20.B 本段主要讲述了人们对海洋的污染。根据空前两句可知,人们给海洋带来了垃圾,污染了海洋,B项承上启下,符合题意。故选B。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文,讲了作者带领探险队员去南极洲探险,度过了数月的严寒和黑暗。
21.A 根据最后一段中的“...I saw the picture of the penguin that 34 me to look at the ad for the job.”可知,作者看到企鹅的照片之后才看到工作的广告,由此可知,作者承认是招聘广告中的企鹅照片引起了他的注意。故选A。?
22.C 根据最后一段中的“...me to look at the ad for the job.”可知,此处表示引起了“我”的注意。故选C。
23.C kind种类;sum金额,总和;team队,组;piece块。根据第二段中的“Leading 18 strangers...”可知,18个人应为一队。故选C。
24.B 根据本段首句“I saw an advertisement for a job as a leader for an expedition (探险) to Antarctica...”可知,作者看到一则招聘南极洲探险领队的广告,而南极洲是地球上最偏远的地方之一。故选B。
25.B 根据上文的“I took part in”以及下文的“and then got a job”可知,作者参加了面试,然后得到了工作。故选B。
26.D 根据第三段的“After the journey”可知,作者得到了这份去南极洲的工作。由此推断出“我知道如果我不去努力争取,我会后悔的”。故选D。
27.A 根据上文“months of darkness”可知,南极洲处于黑暗状态,是非常寒冷的,此处指无法摆脱寒冷。故选A。
28.B 根据第三段首句可知,探险归来后,作者成了一名励志演说家。故作者在探险过程中,学到了一些有影响力的教训。故选B。
29.D 根据下文的“every day I would think 31 of how I had operated as a leader”可知,与外界隔绝意味着作者必须做大量的自我反省。故选D。?
30.C 上文提及作者探险归来后,写了两本畅销书并成了一名励志演说家,在与外界隔绝期间做了大量的自我反省。根据下文“and every day I would think...as a leader”可知,作者每天都会进行自我反省。所以这里用kept a journal表示“写日记”,符合语境。故选C。
31.B 根据下文的“how I had operated as a leader”可知,作为探险队的领队,作者每天都要仔细地思考自己的所作所为。故选B。
32.A 上文提到作者在探险中做大量的自我反思以及写日记,这些工作有利于作者自我评价。故选A。
33.C 根据下文的“It’s a moment”可知,作者回忆的是看到招聘广告的那个时候。故选C。
34.D 第二段提及作者承认是广告中企鹅的照片吸引了他的注意。由此推断出广告上的企鹅图片激发了作者对招聘广告的兴趣。故选D。
35.D 根据文章开头,作者完全是因为偶然看到了那则招聘广告,然后才踏上探险之旅。作者探险归来后,写了两本畅销书并成了一名励志演说家。所以就在看到广告的那一刻,作者的生活彻底地改变了。故选D。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了针对海洋深处的世界的探索发现。
36.largely 考查副词。设空处后是形容词,所以用副词作状语,修饰形容词unexplored。故填largely,表示“在很大程度上,主要地”。句意:但是深海在很大程度上仍没有被探索。
37.lower 考查形容词的比较级。此处构成“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”的句型,意为“越……,就越……”。根据The deeper 可知,这里填lower。句意:你潜得越深,温度就变得越低。
38.variety 考查名词。 a variety of为固定搭配,意为“各种各样的”。故填variety。
39.to explore 考查不定式。句意:但科学家们现在有很多先进而复杂的技术来探索广阔的深海。根据句意可知,此处是动词不定式短语作定语。故填to explore。
40.challenging 考查形容词。根据空前的this及空后的名词environment可知,此处用形容词challenging作定语,修饰environment。故填challenging。this challenging environment意为“这种充满挑战的环境”。
41.are 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:它们的颌——经常长满锋利的牙齿——总是张着的。根据句意可知,此处叙述的是一般情况,所以使用一般现在时,主语 jaws为复数,故填are。
42.which 考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,且前面有逗号隔开,将project代入后面句子中,意义完整,所以推测设空处引导的是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词为project,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which。句意:海洋生物普查计划是一个国际计划,它记录海洋生物的多样性、分布和丰富度。
43.and 考查连词。句意见上一题。diversity、distribution和abundance三个名词并列。故填and。
44.collected 考查过去分词。本句已有谓语will serve,所以设空处为非谓语动词,结合设空处后的by the Census可知,collect与The data and information之间为逻辑上的被动关系,所以用过去分词形式作后置定语,修饰The data and information。故填collected。
45.to 考查介词。“contribute sth. to...”为固定结构,意为“把某物贡献给……”。故填to。此处“contributed to...”作后置定语。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
An English Speech Contest on Ocean Exploration
An English speech contest about whether we should explore the ocean was held in our school library last Saturday.
The competition started at 9:00 am and lasted two hours. Students who have a good command of English and show great interest in this topic took turns to give us a speech. Their performances on the stage were so wonderful that they were greeted with applause and praise.
The activity was highly spoken of because not only did it enrich our school life but it also enabled us to realize the importance of protecting the ocean.
第二节
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
I liked my drawing, but after comparing it with Daniel’s masterpiece, I felt like the worst ever artist. I tried to tell myself that it was just for fun and that it didn’t matter how good or bad my drawing was, but I couldn’t shake off the feeling of disappointment. Just then, Rafael walked in and noticed my downcast expression. He asked if everything was alright and I told him how I felt. Rafael smiled and asked, “Do you want to know the secret of my yummy cookies?” “What’s the secret?” I asked, expecting the answer. “It’s the fun and joy in the baking process. You know, the most important thing about drawing, likewise, is not how perfect it looks, but how it makes you feel. Does your drawing make you happy? If it does, then it’s a masterpiece.”
Paragraph 2:
When I looked closely at everyone’s art, I could see what Rafael meant. Even though some of the drawings were not technically perfect, they all had a special quality that made them unique and beautiful in their own way. Mareya’s and Indi’s were bold and colorful, while mine was delicate and intricate. We all happily engaged in drawing and each drawing represented our own observation and imagination. I think Rafael’s words really captured the essence of what art is all about. It’s not about conforming to a certain set of rules or standards, but rather about expressing oneself in a way that brings joy and meaning to the drawer and those who view the work.