2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步练习题--全书综合测评（答案与解析）
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| 名称 | 2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步练习题--全书综合测评（答案与解析） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-10-18 10:34:49 | ||
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步
全书综合测评
全卷满分120分 考试用时100分钟
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Rocky Mountain National Park Tour from Denver
Overview
See for yourself why Rocky Mountain National Park is one of the most popular parks in the United States on a day trip from Denver. Let a guide handle the winding mountain roads while you enjoy views of mountain tops surrounded by alpine forests, lakes and meadows. Cross the Great Divide on steep Trail Ridge Road, watch the plentiful Colorado wildlife, and get a sight of the legendary Stanley Hotel—the inspiration for Stephen King’s The Shining.
Visit Rocky Mountain National Park without renting a car
Drive through the tourist town of Estes Park and the famous Stanley Hotel
Go above the treeline on Trail Ridge Road, one of the highest in North America
What’s Included
Professional Driver/Guide
Transportation
Lunch
Meeting and Pickup
Union Station, 1701 Wynkoop St, Denver, CO 80202, USA
Start time: 09:30 am; End point: This activity ends back at the meeting point.
Additional Info
Not wheelchair accessible.
LUNCH SANDWICHES INCLUDED This tour comes with the choice of a turkey or vegetarian sandwich. Please include your preference as well as any dietary restrictions in the Special Requirements field during checkout.
This experience requires a minimum number of travelers. If it’s canceled because the minimum isn’t met, you’ll be offered a different date/experience or a full refund (退款).
A water refill will be available in the van; bring a reusable bottle.
1.Where can the text come from
A.A travel leaflet. B.A website.
C.A documentary. D.A review by travelers.
2.What can you do if you join in the one day trip
A.You can visit Stephen King’s hotel.
B.You can rent a car to visit the whole park.
C.You can get a good view of Colorado wildlife.
D.You can climb the highest mountain in North America.
3.Which of the following does the tour provide
A.A water refill.
B.A wheelchair.
C.A beef sandwich.
D.A professional cook.
B
For as long as I can remember, I want to be a performer. But when it was time to go to college and decide what I wanted to be for the rest of my life, it didn’t occur to me to choose drama as my major. Making a living as a performer seems impractical to me. So instead of starting drama, I started pre law, and then went to law school like my two sisters did before me. They seemed happy enough, I thought; they worked about 80 hours a week, but they made good money and could afford expensive cars and fancy apartments in the city.
After law school I got a new job and worked as a lawyer for a big company. I had great benefits, including four weeks of vacation a year, but I never got to use any of my vacation time because there was always too much work to do. I worked from 7 a.m. to 9 p.m. six days a week, and when I was finished, all I could do was collapse into my bed until I woke up to do it all over again the next day.
After five years of this lifestyle, I thought I was going to go crazy. I was unhappy and exhausted, I never saw my friends or my family, and I realized I hadn’t been in a play or musical since I started law school. I thought that acting in a small community play might make me feel better, but rehearsals and performances all took place during my work hours so I made a drastic decision and quit my job.
I got a small part in a local play and then the lead role. Now I make my living from acting, and once in a while, I do some legal consulting for a little extra money. I don’t get paid a lot for my acting jobs, but it’s enough. I had to give up my big apartment and expensive car, but I’m so much happier now. I see my friends and family, I have free time, and I get to do something I love every day.
4.Why did the writer go to law school
A.Because his two sisters went to law school.
B.Because he was interested in the practice of law.
C.Because a lawyer’s job would bring him a decent and leisure life.
D.Because acting jobs were not well paid enough to earn a living.
5.After five years practicing law,what is the writer’s feeling about the work of a lawyer
A.Happy. B.Enjoyable.
C.Exhausting. D.Relaxing.
6.What is the real reason why the writer quit his job as a lawyer
A.He thought the work consumed almost all his time and energy.
B.He didn’t have great benefits.
C.He hated working and wanted a break.
D.He preferred to make a change.
7.What’s the main purpose of the passage
A.To inform us that the writer quit his job.
B.To show us how boring it is to be a lawyer.
C.To tell the writer’s story of making a living as an actor.
D.To share with us the change of the writer’s lifestyle and the reason.
C
Young people who are hooked on reading science fiction may be on to something. Contrary to a common misunderstanding that reading science fiction is an unworthy practice, reading it may help young people cope, especially with the stress and anxiety of living while developing critical thinking skills and emotional intelligence.
Historically, parents have considered literature “good” for young people if it provides moral guidance that reflects their own values. The question is how does literature of science fiction perform its educational function This is central to the conflict between parents and educators about what kids should read. Those who read it have been stigmatized as(被污蔑为) geeks who can’t cope with reality.
A 2015 survey found that these science fiction readers were also major consumers of a wide range of other types of books. In fact, the study noted a close connection between reading varied literary forms and an ability to understand science. Rather than limiting readers’ capacity to deal with reality, reading science fiction may expand their ability to engage with reality.
Science fiction does not need to provide real stories about serious social and political issues. Instead, it offers a distance between them. This distance gives readers an approach to coping with complexities and use their imagination to manage real life challenges. It is why they are powerful and where their values lies. What is the better way to deal with the uncertainty in life than with science fiction, which explores uncertainty and depicts young people as brave characters, survivors and shapers of their own fates
Let them read science fiction. In it, young people can see themselves—coping, surviving and learning lessons—that may enable them to create their own strategies for life. But the critical thinking and wise habits of mind prompted by this type of literature may actually produce creativity that everyday life and reality typically do not.
8.Why is science fiction rejected by many parents as a proper type of reading
A.It lacks the educational functions they need.
B.It agrees with the common belief in society.
C.It seldom develops critical and creative thinking.
D.It results in too many expectations from parents.
9.What is the author trying to convey with the findings of the 2015 survey
A.Literature has a negative effect on understanding science.
B.More other types of reading are consumed than science fiction.
C.Reading science fiction boosts the young’s ability to cope with reality.
D.Science fiction reading restricts readers’ capacity to deal with stress.
10.What does the underlined word“depicts” in Paragraph 4 mean
A.Criticize. B.Employ.
C.Describe. D.Suspect.
11.Which is the best title of the passage
A.Why science fiction is so appealing to the young readers
B.How science fiction turns into the literature mainstream
C.What stories science fiction is bringing to the young people
D.How reading science fiction helps kids tackle reality
D
In habitats across the planet, animals periodically drop everything to walk, fly or swim to a new place. Wildlife such as whales and geese learns migration paths by following their parents. Others, including small songbirds, gain the distance and direction of their migration from their genetic code. And some animals use a combination of genetics and culture to guide their migration.
Another group of migrants does not quite fit either model, and researchers have only recently started to figure out how they find their way. Take the Cory’s shearwater, an oceangoing seabird that migrates over the Atlantic every year. The young do not migrate with their parents, so culture cannot explain their journeys. And the exact paths vary wildly from individual to individual, making genetics equally unlikely.
Cory’s shearwaters are long lived, rarely producing young successfully before age nine. This leaves an opening for learning and practice to develop their migration patterns. Researchers call this the “exploration refinement”, and until now it has been hypothetical (假设的) because of difficulties in tracking migratory animals’ movements.
But a team of researchers has done that by attaching small geolocators(地理定位器) to more than 150 of the birds aged four to nine. They found that younger birds traveled longer distances for longer periods, and had more diverse paths than older birds. “We finally have evidence of the ‘exploration refinement’ for migratory birds,” says Letizia Campioni, who led the study. Younger Cory’s shearwaters are able to fly just as fast as the adults—but they do not, suggesting that the young do more exploration, which fades as they mature and settle into a preferred course.
“Although it may seem less efficient than other strategies, exploration refinement could be beneficial to birds and other organisms in a rapidly changing world due to unpredictable man made changes,” says Barbara Frei. “It might be safer to repeat a behavior that was recently successful than to rely on patterns that were perfected long ago but might no longer be safe.”
12.What is the first paragraph mainly about
A.It describes animals’ habitats.
B.It talks about migration models.
C.It compares different species.
D.It introduces a tracking technology.
13.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A.The opening for learning and practice.
B.The unique living habit of Cory’s shearwaters.
C.The way Cory’s shearwaters form their migration patterns.
D.The process scientists track Cory’s shearwaters’ movements.
14.What does Letizia’s study find about the younger Cory’s shearwaters
A.They travel as much as adult birds.
B.They move in a predictable manner.
C.They lower the speed for exploration.
D.They look for a course with their parents.
15.What can we conclude from the last paragraph
A.Man made changes make migration easier.
B.Animals make a safer journey via a fixed track.
C.Course exploration contributes to birds’ adaptability.
D.A combination of strategies assures migration success.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
People take up volunteering for different reasons. Some want to “give something back” while others want to meet new people or learn new skills. 16
Choose a charity (慈善机构) or organization. Firstly, what sort of organization do you want to help 17 And perhaps you have been affected by some of the problems that a charity aims to support, like children who need help. Many local schools rely on volunteers who come in regularly to read to the children or help with their math.
18 Once you have decided where you want to volunteer, you then have to decide what sort of volunteer work you want to do. Think about your existing skills: Do you prefer hands on work Are you good at dealing with people Do you have a background in paperwork Charities need volunteers to work in shops, organize or manage money raising events, or, in the case of animal charities, walk dogs.
Find a position. Most charities have a website with a section aimed at attracting potential volunteers and they advertise specific roles available. 19 In this case, you would usually need to phone or visit their offices to find out how you can help. You will be welcomed with open arms!
Apply for suitable positions. Be prepared with information about your previous (or current) employment and the sort of skills you have, so that the charity can match you to the most appropriate role. You might think that you have no such skills. 20 Ask your friends and loved ones what they think you have to offer.
A.Decide on the kind of work.
B.Don’t let your lack of confidence stop you.
C.You might have a particular charity in mind.
D.Consider how much time you want to commit.
E.Without them, they wouldn’t carry out their work.
F.But smaller charities might not have money to do this.
G.Whatever the reason, you need to make some decisions.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Lots of kids set up lemonade stands in the summer. For many, it’s the first step toward learning what it means to 21 your own money. For 11 year old Cartier Carey, it was a 22 to do a lot more. That’s because Carey isn’t using his 23 to open his first savings account. Instead, he’s 24 it back into his community. His goal is to help single mothers in need. With all the stress and 25 uncertainty, Carey decided to focus on the basics: diapers(尿布) and wipes.
The idea for the project 26 while Carey was visiting his grandmother who lives in one of the area’s more economically depressed neighborhoods. Carey, who is keenly observant for his age, was 27 by how many women he observed raising children on their own. By the end of July, Carey had raised close to $5,000 via the lemonade stand and from donations, and 28 about 6,500 diapers. By September, altogether 22,000 diapers, he’s 29 to achieving his total goal of 25,000.
But the generous 11 year old is not 30 with worthy causes. Before becoming a “lemonade mogul”, Carey launched another community 31 titled “Carti packs”—care packages for the homeless that 32 such essentials as deodorants, soap, tissues, and even hand warmers used when the weather got 33 .
Carey says his greatest 34 comes from knowing he’s made a difference and seeing how much his efforts have meant to the people he tries to 35 .
21.A.spend B.save C.earn D.control
22.A.chance B.risk C.course D.mission
23.A.ambition B.profit C.stand D.wisdom
24.A.holding B.investing C.claiming D.drawing
25.A.financial B.mental
C.political D.commercial
26.A.took effect B.made sense
C.made room D.took root
27.A.shocked B.delighted
C.relieved D.disappointed
28.A.produced B.sold
C.selected D.distributed
29.A.loyal B.close C.equal D.identical
30.A.committed B.unfamiliar C.used D.true
31.A.career B.research
C.investigation D.campaign
32.A.restored B.employed C.contained D.boosted
33.A.freezing B.stormy C.fine D.violent
34.A.contribution B.hope
C.achievement D.joy
35.A.please B.ignore C.serve D.identify
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Nemo’s Garden is the world’s first underwater farm. Now, tomatoes, strawberries and some other plants are growing inside its round pods (舱) under the sea, just off the coast of Noli, Italy.
Ocean Reef Group 36 (start) the underwater garden project in 2012 37 (find) new ways to farm that could help the planet in the future. The group’s six plastic pods 38 (fill) with air, but their bottoms are open to the sea. Through evaporation (蒸发), fresh water collects on the insides of the pods, and then goes back down to help plants in the pods grow.
Because the pods aren’t very deep under water, the plants still get enough 39 (nature) light from the sun. There is also little need 40 pesticides as insects can’t get in to harm the plants. However, 41 (train) divers are needed to swim down and take care of the plants.
Ocean Reef Group’s Luca Gamberini told 42 magazine that the plants taste different too. “They taste even 43 (strong),” he said. For now, Nemo’s Garden is 44 (most) used as a laboratory 45 tries different ways to grow different kinds of plants under the sea.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华,你的好友Jim在暑假期间痴迷微信朋友圈,经常发照片分享生活中的细节,请根据以下要点提示,给Jim写一封信:
1.对分享行为表示理解;
2.阐述过度分享的危害;
3.提出建议。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:微信朋友圈 WeChat Moments;过度分享 overshare
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
65 year old Mr. Fairfax had retired from teaching. He was very interested in adventures. This time he made an adventure on sparsely(稀少地) populated land. In the cold winter, he tried a new place and forgot to bring his cellphone, the only time on the trip. He trekked(长途跋涉) more than half a mile with two dogs to a harvested wheat field.
With his dark staring eyes at the horizon in expectation of another rabbit, Mr. Fairfax stepped on the thin snow on a canal. Suddenly, it collapsed and dropped him four feet to the bottom.
Realizing that he was in trouble and that he was going to hurt himself, Mr. Fairfax suddenly picked up a lot of speed. His left leg was injured first, and he lay on his side to reach for his shotgun, unloaded the bullets and used it as a crutch(拐杖). He spent an hour and a half climbing the canal but slipped and slid back down when he was partly up. This time, one of his feet got fixed between two rocks. Mr. Fairfax told himself that if he didn’t get himself out of that canal, he wasn’t going to have a very good night.
Mr. Fairfax climbed more slowly and cautiously out of the canal. He immediately realized the difficulty of the task before him. The accident occurred at about 2 p.m., and it was nearing 5 p.m. with the road far away as the sun was setting.
Mr. Fairfax focused on crawling to safety. Even with his gun supporting him, hopping(单脚跳行) was impractical. Instead, he sat down and pushed himself backward for less than 40 inches at a time with his good leg. He was determined and sure that he must hold on. He was in exhaustion and had more frequent breaks. Temperatures dropped overnight, and his gloves and boots got wet. His hands and feet soon were completely numb.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
Mr. Fairfax’s dogs had been playing in the field and eventually came up to him.
Paragraph 2:
However, gleams(微光) of daylight remained—Mr. Fairfax saw the sixth car.
全书综合测评
1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.D
8.A 9.C 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.C 14.C
15.C 16.G 17.C 18.A 19.F 20.B 21.C
22.A 23.B 24.B 25.A 26.D 27.A 28.D
29.B 30.B 31.D 32.C 33.A 34.D 35.C
36.started 37.to find 38.are filled 39.natural 40.for 41.trained 42.a 43.stronger 44.mostly 45.that/which
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文,介绍并推荐了从丹佛出发到落基山国家公园之旅的信息。
1.B 推理判断题。根据文中图片中的日历以及“Book online (在线预订)”和最下面的Click a date(点击一个日期)可推知,文章来自一个网站。故选B。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的“on a day trip from Denver”以及最后一句中的“watch the plentiful Colorado wildlife”可知,在一日游中你可以观看大量的科罗拉多州野生动物。故选C。
3.A 细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“A water refill will be available in the van; bring a reusable bottle.”可知,车上有水可供游客补充,带一个可重复使用的瓶子,所以这次旅行提供了水以便游客随时续杯。故选A。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者因为律师的工资高而选择这个职业,但是后来他发现这个职业花费了他大量的时间和精力,他并不快乐。后来,他辞职去做演员,做自己想做的事让作者感到自由快乐。
4.D 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三、四、五句可知,作者觉得以表演为生对他来说似乎不切实际,所以选择了法律预科,然后像他的两个姐姐一样去了法学院,虽然工作时间长,但她们赚了很多钱,买得起昂贵的汽车和城市里的豪华公寓,所以作者上法学院是因为当演员挣的钱不足以维持生计。故选D。
5.C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段前两句可知,作者做了五年律师之后, 觉得几乎要疯了。“I was unhappy and exhausted(我不快乐,筋疲力尽)”体现出这个职业是“令人疲惫不堪的”。故选C。
6.A 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“I never saw my friends or my family”和“so I made a drastic decision and quit my job”可知,律师的工作花费了作者大量的时间,他很少有时间陪伴家人和朋友。因此,作者决定辞去律师的工作是因为工作消耗了他几乎所有的时间和精力。故选A。
7.D 推理判断题。通读全文可知,作者前后有两种生活方式,第二、三段描述了他当律师时的情况,是第一种生活方式,尽管挣了很多钱,但是没有太多的私人时间,他并不快乐;最后一段描述了作者当演员时的情况,是第二种生活方式,尽管挣不了太多钱,但是他有更多的私人时间,能够陪伴家人和朋友。因此,作者写这篇文章的目的是与我们分享其生活方式的变化和原因。故选D。
C
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。在过去,父母认为科幻小说缺乏教育功能,然而有研究发现阅读科幻小说可能会提高读者融入现实的能力。
8.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的第二句和第三句可知,父母和教育者就科幻文学的教育功能持不同看法,很多父母拒绝把科幻小说作为一种合适的阅读类型是因为科幻小说缺乏他们所需要的教育功能。故选A。
9.C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Rather than limiting...reality.”可知,阅读科幻小说可能会提高读者融入现实的能力,而不是限制他们应对现实的能力。由此可知,作者试图通过2015年的调查结果来传达的信息是阅读科幻小说能提高年轻人应对现实的能力。故选C。
10.C 词义猜测题。根据此处语境可知,科幻小说探索不确定性,将年轻人描绘成勇敢的人物、幸存者和个人命运的塑造者,所以画线词的意思是“描绘”。故选C。
11.D 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了有研究发现阅读科幻小说可能会提高读者应对现实的能力以及科幻小说是如何帮助年轻人更好地应对现实的。由此可知,D选项“阅读科幻小说如何帮助孩子应对现实”是最佳标题。故选D。
D
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了远洋海鸟科里猛鹱的迁徙模式。
12.B 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Wildlife such as whales and geese learns migration paths...Others, including small songbirds, gain...their genetic code.And some animals use...to guide their migration.”可知,本段主要介绍了动物不同的迁徙模式。故选B。
13.C 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文可知,科里猛鹱的寿命很长,很少能在九岁之前成功产下幼崽。这为学习和实践发展它们的迁徙模式提供了机会。所以画线词所在句中的“Researchers call this the ‘exploration refinement’”表示研究人员称这种模式为“探索——改善”,画线词this指代上文介绍的科里猛鹱经过实践探索形成迁徙模式的方式。故选C。
14.C 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句中的“Younger Cory’s shearwaters are able to fly just as fast as the adults—but they do not, suggesting that the young do more exploration”可知,Letizia的研究发现小科里猛鹱为了探索降低了它们的飞行速度。故选C。
15.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,在一个因不可预测的人为变化而导致的快速变化的世界中,探索——改善可能对鸟类和其他生物有益,重复最近成功的行为更安全。结合倒数第二段可知,探索迁徙路线有助于鸟类的适应能力。故选C。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,讲述了做志愿者需要做的一些决定。
16.G 过渡句。本文为总分结构,第一段提到人们因不同的原因而从事志愿活动。下面几段讲了需要做的几件事。所以设空处应起到承上启下的作用,G项(不管是什么原因,你都需要做一些决定。)符合语境。
17.C 细节句。根据段落主题句“Choose a charity(慈善机构) or organization.”可知,本段内容和选择慈善机构有关,所以C项(你可能想到了一个特别的慈善机构。)符合语境。
18.A 主旨句。空处为主题句。根据下文(一旦你决定了你想去哪里做志愿者,接着你就必须决定你想做什么样的志愿者工作。)可知,本段主要讲述的是决定自己工作的类型。A项(决定工作的类型。)符合语境。
19.F 过渡句。设空处上文提到大多数慈善机构都有一个网站,其中有一部分旨在吸引潜在的志愿者,它们会发布具体的职位空缺。下文提到在这种情况下,你通常需要打电话或拜访它们的办公室,看看你能提供什么帮助。F项(但较小的慈善机构可能没有钱这样做。)和上文形成转折关系,并且引出下文,符合语境。
20.B 细节句。上文提到你可能认为你没有这样的技能。B项(不要让你的缺乏自信阻止你。)对上文进行补充说明,符合语境。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 本文讲述了小男孩Cartier Carey通过自己努力赚到的钱和募捐筹集的资金,为社区单亲妈妈送去尿布和湿巾等物品的故事。
21.C 考查动词词义辨析。根据前一句“Lots of kids set up lemonade stands in the summer.”和后面的“money”可知,他们卖东西是为了赚钱,这是他们学习赚钱的第一步。故选C。
22.A 考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“Instead, he’s 24 it back into his community. His goal is to help single mothers in need.”可知,对于Carey来说,这是一个做更多事情的机会。故选A。
23.B 考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“open his first savings account”可知,这里指利润。故选B。
24.B 考查动词词义辨析。根据下文的描述可知,他会把赚到的钱(利润)投回社区,而不是储存起来。故选B。
25.A 考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文可知,Carey在为单亲妈妈减轻经济上的负担,所以这里指经济上的不确定性。故选A。
26.D 考查动词短语辨析。根据下文“while Carey was visiting his...neighborhoods”可知,这个项目的想法是在Carey拜访他的祖母时开始的。took root“扎根”符合语境。故选D。
27.A 考查动词词义辨析。根据上文提到的Carey 帮助单亲妈妈的做法可知,他对自己观察到的单亲妈妈的数量感到震惊。故选A。
28.D 考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“Carey decided to focus on the basics: diapers(尿布) and wipes”可知,Carey用赚的钱和募捐的钱购买尿布,并分发给单亲妈妈。故选D。
29.B 考查形容词词义辨析。根据“altogether 22,000 diapers”可知,2.2万个尿布接近2.5万个尿布的总目标。故选B。
30.B 考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文讲到的Carey 在成为“柠檬水大亨”之前发起的另一项名为“Carti packs”的社区活动可知,Carey不是第一次做这样有价值的事情了,所以对此并不陌生。故选B。
31.D 考查名词词义辨析。根据上文中的“launched(发起)”以及项目的内容——为无家可归者提供关爱包裹可知,这是一项社区活动。故选D。
32.C 考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“such essentials as deodorants, soap, tissues, and even hand warmers”可知,关爱包裹里包含除臭剂、肥皂、纸巾,甚至暖手炉等必需品。故选C。
33.A 考查形容词词义辨析。根据“hand warmers”可知,此处指天气变冷时使用。故选A。
34.D 考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“comes from knowing...to the people”可知,此处指Carey的努力影响到别人让他感到高兴。故选D。
35.C 考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“His goal is to help single mothers in need.”可知,Carey所做的事情是在为他人服务。故选C。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上第一个水下农场尼莫花园的工作原理以及发展前景。
36.started 考查动词时态。句意:大洋暗礁集团于2012年启动了水下花园项目,以寻找未来可以帮助地球的新耕作方式。设空处作谓语,根据时间状语“in 2012”可知,本句时态用一般过去时。故填started。
37.to find 考查不定式。根据句意可知,设空处表目的,要用不定式形式。故填to find。
38.are filled 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处作谓语,根据but后的分句“their bottoms are open to the sea”的时态可知,这里也用一般现在时;主语为“The group’s six plastic pods”,是复数形式,与动词fill之间为被动关系,故填are filled。句意:该集团的六个塑料舱充满了空气,但底部是向大海敞开的。
39.natural 考查形容词。设空处修饰名词light,作定语,用形容词形式。故填natural,表示“自然的”。
40.for 考查介词。设空处为固定搭配need for,意为“对……的需求”。故填for。句意:由于昆虫无法进入去伤害植物,所以对杀虫剂的需求也很小。
41.trained 考查过去分词。设空处修饰名词divers,作定语,train与被修饰词之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词形式作前置定语。故填trained,意为“训练有素的”。句意:然而,需要训练有素的潜水员游下去照顾这些植物。
42.a 考查冠词。上文并未提到杂志,所以此处泛指“一家杂志”,用不定冠词,magazine是以辅音音素开头的词,应用a。 句意:大洋暗礁集团的卢卡·甘贝里尼告诉一家杂志,这些植物的味道也不一样。
43.stronger 考查比较级。根据上文内容可知,这些植物的味道也不一样,再根据空前的even可知,设空处应用比较级,表示“更浓烈了”。故填stronger。
44.mostly 考查副词。设空处在句中作状语,用副词形式。故填mostly。
45.that/which 考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句,先行词是a laboratory,关系词在定语从句中作主语,指物,所以用关系代词that或which。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Dear Jim,
I’m worried that you’ve been addicted to sharing all sorts of photos on WeChat Moments recently. Undeniably, WeChat makes communication convenient and leisure time colorful. However, there exist some potential risks if you overshare. One severe problem is leaking privacy, which may cause economic losses. Besides, oversharing can make others uncomfortable, for they think you are showing off.
Thus, never should we post our personal information, nor should we rashly add strangers to the list of friends. It’s wiser to set aside some time to accompany parents or do something more meaningful.
Best wishes!
Yours truly,
Li Hua
第二节
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
Mr. Fairfax’s dogs had been playing in the field and eventually came up to him.The two dogs surrounded his body to warm him while barking wildly. Mr. Fairfax finally struggled to the fence near the road with the help of the dogs. Despite his exhaustion and painful leg, he still tried to wave down a driver for fear that he might lose consciousness at any time. He waved wildly and shouted loudly, but in vain. When the fifth car passed without stopping, his heart sank in despair.
Paragraph 2:
However, gleams(微光) of daylight remained—Mr. Fairfax saw the sixth car. Mustering up all his strength and courage, he waved wildly again. Fortunately, this time the car stopped and the driver rolled down the window to ask him what was wrong. After realizing Mr. Fairfax’s situation, the driver jumped off, supporting him onto the back seat with his two lovely dogs. With tears welling up in his eyes, Mr. Fairfax expressed his gratitude in a weak voice. Finally, he got rescued and cured. From then on, whenever he was confronted with a terrible situation, he would encourage himself with the accident.
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步
全书综合测评
全卷满分120分 考试用时100分钟
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Rocky Mountain National Park Tour from Denver
Overview
See for yourself why Rocky Mountain National Park is one of the most popular parks in the United States on a day trip from Denver. Let a guide handle the winding mountain roads while you enjoy views of mountain tops surrounded by alpine forests, lakes and meadows. Cross the Great Divide on steep Trail Ridge Road, watch the plentiful Colorado wildlife, and get a sight of the legendary Stanley Hotel—the inspiration for Stephen King’s The Shining.
Visit Rocky Mountain National Park without renting a car
Drive through the tourist town of Estes Park and the famous Stanley Hotel
Go above the treeline on Trail Ridge Road, one of the highest in North America
What’s Included
Professional Driver/Guide
Transportation
Lunch
Meeting and Pickup
Union Station, 1701 Wynkoop St, Denver, CO 80202, USA
Start time: 09:30 am; End point: This activity ends back at the meeting point.
Additional Info
Not wheelchair accessible.
LUNCH SANDWICHES INCLUDED This tour comes with the choice of a turkey or vegetarian sandwich. Please include your preference as well as any dietary restrictions in the Special Requirements field during checkout.
This experience requires a minimum number of travelers. If it’s canceled because the minimum isn’t met, you’ll be offered a different date/experience or a full refund (退款).
A water refill will be available in the van; bring a reusable bottle.
1.Where can the text come from
A.A travel leaflet. B.A website.
C.A documentary. D.A review by travelers.
2.What can you do if you join in the one day trip
A.You can visit Stephen King’s hotel.
B.You can rent a car to visit the whole park.
C.You can get a good view of Colorado wildlife.
D.You can climb the highest mountain in North America.
3.Which of the following does the tour provide
A.A water refill.
B.A wheelchair.
C.A beef sandwich.
D.A professional cook.
B
For as long as I can remember, I want to be a performer. But when it was time to go to college and decide what I wanted to be for the rest of my life, it didn’t occur to me to choose drama as my major. Making a living as a performer seems impractical to me. So instead of starting drama, I started pre law, and then went to law school like my two sisters did before me. They seemed happy enough, I thought; they worked about 80 hours a week, but they made good money and could afford expensive cars and fancy apartments in the city.
After law school I got a new job and worked as a lawyer for a big company. I had great benefits, including four weeks of vacation a year, but I never got to use any of my vacation time because there was always too much work to do. I worked from 7 a.m. to 9 p.m. six days a week, and when I was finished, all I could do was collapse into my bed until I woke up to do it all over again the next day.
After five years of this lifestyle, I thought I was going to go crazy. I was unhappy and exhausted, I never saw my friends or my family, and I realized I hadn’t been in a play or musical since I started law school. I thought that acting in a small community play might make me feel better, but rehearsals and performances all took place during my work hours so I made a drastic decision and quit my job.
I got a small part in a local play and then the lead role. Now I make my living from acting, and once in a while, I do some legal consulting for a little extra money. I don’t get paid a lot for my acting jobs, but it’s enough. I had to give up my big apartment and expensive car, but I’m so much happier now. I see my friends and family, I have free time, and I get to do something I love every day.
4.Why did the writer go to law school
A.Because his two sisters went to law school.
B.Because he was interested in the practice of law.
C.Because a lawyer’s job would bring him a decent and leisure life.
D.Because acting jobs were not well paid enough to earn a living.
5.After five years practicing law,what is the writer’s feeling about the work of a lawyer
A.Happy. B.Enjoyable.
C.Exhausting. D.Relaxing.
6.What is the real reason why the writer quit his job as a lawyer
A.He thought the work consumed almost all his time and energy.
B.He didn’t have great benefits.
C.He hated working and wanted a break.
D.He preferred to make a change.
7.What’s the main purpose of the passage
A.To inform us that the writer quit his job.
B.To show us how boring it is to be a lawyer.
C.To tell the writer’s story of making a living as an actor.
D.To share with us the change of the writer’s lifestyle and the reason.
C
Young people who are hooked on reading science fiction may be on to something. Contrary to a common misunderstanding that reading science fiction is an unworthy practice, reading it may help young people cope, especially with the stress and anxiety of living while developing critical thinking skills and emotional intelligence.
Historically, parents have considered literature “good” for young people if it provides moral guidance that reflects their own values. The question is how does literature of science fiction perform its educational function This is central to the conflict between parents and educators about what kids should read. Those who read it have been stigmatized as(被污蔑为) geeks who can’t cope with reality.
A 2015 survey found that these science fiction readers were also major consumers of a wide range of other types of books. In fact, the study noted a close connection between reading varied literary forms and an ability to understand science. Rather than limiting readers’ capacity to deal with reality, reading science fiction may expand their ability to engage with reality.
Science fiction does not need to provide real stories about serious social and political issues. Instead, it offers a distance between them. This distance gives readers an approach to coping with complexities and use their imagination to manage real life challenges. It is why they are powerful and where their values lies. What is the better way to deal with the uncertainty in life than with science fiction, which explores uncertainty and depicts young people as brave characters, survivors and shapers of their own fates
Let them read science fiction. In it, young people can see themselves—coping, surviving and learning lessons—that may enable them to create their own strategies for life. But the critical thinking and wise habits of mind prompted by this type of literature may actually produce creativity that everyday life and reality typically do not.
8.Why is science fiction rejected by many parents as a proper type of reading
A.It lacks the educational functions they need.
B.It agrees with the common belief in society.
C.It seldom develops critical and creative thinking.
D.It results in too many expectations from parents.
9.What is the author trying to convey with the findings of the 2015 survey
A.Literature has a negative effect on understanding science.
B.More other types of reading are consumed than science fiction.
C.Reading science fiction boosts the young’s ability to cope with reality.
D.Science fiction reading restricts readers’ capacity to deal with stress.
10.What does the underlined word“depicts” in Paragraph 4 mean
A.Criticize. B.Employ.
C.Describe. D.Suspect.
11.Which is the best title of the passage
A.Why science fiction is so appealing to the young readers
B.How science fiction turns into the literature mainstream
C.What stories science fiction is bringing to the young people
D.How reading science fiction helps kids tackle reality
D
In habitats across the planet, animals periodically drop everything to walk, fly or swim to a new place. Wildlife such as whales and geese learns migration paths by following their parents. Others, including small songbirds, gain the distance and direction of their migration from their genetic code. And some animals use a combination of genetics and culture to guide their migration.
Another group of migrants does not quite fit either model, and researchers have only recently started to figure out how they find their way. Take the Cory’s shearwater, an oceangoing seabird that migrates over the Atlantic every year. The young do not migrate with their parents, so culture cannot explain their journeys. And the exact paths vary wildly from individual to individual, making genetics equally unlikely.
Cory’s shearwaters are long lived, rarely producing young successfully before age nine. This leaves an opening for learning and practice to develop their migration patterns. Researchers call this the “exploration refinement”, and until now it has been hypothetical (假设的) because of difficulties in tracking migratory animals’ movements.
But a team of researchers has done that by attaching small geolocators(地理定位器) to more than 150 of the birds aged four to nine. They found that younger birds traveled longer distances for longer periods, and had more diverse paths than older birds. “We finally have evidence of the ‘exploration refinement’ for migratory birds,” says Letizia Campioni, who led the study. Younger Cory’s shearwaters are able to fly just as fast as the adults—but they do not, suggesting that the young do more exploration, which fades as they mature and settle into a preferred course.
“Although it may seem less efficient than other strategies, exploration refinement could be beneficial to birds and other organisms in a rapidly changing world due to unpredictable man made changes,” says Barbara Frei. “It might be safer to repeat a behavior that was recently successful than to rely on patterns that were perfected long ago but might no longer be safe.”
12.What is the first paragraph mainly about
A.It describes animals’ habitats.
B.It talks about migration models.
C.It compares different species.
D.It introduces a tracking technology.
13.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A.The opening for learning and practice.
B.The unique living habit of Cory’s shearwaters.
C.The way Cory’s shearwaters form their migration patterns.
D.The process scientists track Cory’s shearwaters’ movements.
14.What does Letizia’s study find about the younger Cory’s shearwaters
A.They travel as much as adult birds.
B.They move in a predictable manner.
C.They lower the speed for exploration.
D.They look for a course with their parents.
15.What can we conclude from the last paragraph
A.Man made changes make migration easier.
B.Animals make a safer journey via a fixed track.
C.Course exploration contributes to birds’ adaptability.
D.A combination of strategies assures migration success.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
People take up volunteering for different reasons. Some want to “give something back” while others want to meet new people or learn new skills. 16
Choose a charity (慈善机构) or organization. Firstly, what sort of organization do you want to help 17 And perhaps you have been affected by some of the problems that a charity aims to support, like children who need help. Many local schools rely on volunteers who come in regularly to read to the children or help with their math.
18 Once you have decided where you want to volunteer, you then have to decide what sort of volunteer work you want to do. Think about your existing skills: Do you prefer hands on work Are you good at dealing with people Do you have a background in paperwork Charities need volunteers to work in shops, organize or manage money raising events, or, in the case of animal charities, walk dogs.
Find a position. Most charities have a website with a section aimed at attracting potential volunteers and they advertise specific roles available. 19 In this case, you would usually need to phone or visit their offices to find out how you can help. You will be welcomed with open arms!
Apply for suitable positions. Be prepared with information about your previous (or current) employment and the sort of skills you have, so that the charity can match you to the most appropriate role. You might think that you have no such skills. 20 Ask your friends and loved ones what they think you have to offer.
A.Decide on the kind of work.
B.Don’t let your lack of confidence stop you.
C.You might have a particular charity in mind.
D.Consider how much time you want to commit.
E.Without them, they wouldn’t carry out their work.
F.But smaller charities might not have money to do this.
G.Whatever the reason, you need to make some decisions.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Lots of kids set up lemonade stands in the summer. For many, it’s the first step toward learning what it means to 21 your own money. For 11 year old Cartier Carey, it was a 22 to do a lot more. That’s because Carey isn’t using his 23 to open his first savings account. Instead, he’s 24 it back into his community. His goal is to help single mothers in need. With all the stress and 25 uncertainty, Carey decided to focus on the basics: diapers(尿布) and wipes.
The idea for the project 26 while Carey was visiting his grandmother who lives in one of the area’s more economically depressed neighborhoods. Carey, who is keenly observant for his age, was 27 by how many women he observed raising children on their own. By the end of July, Carey had raised close to $5,000 via the lemonade stand and from donations, and 28 about 6,500 diapers. By September, altogether 22,000 diapers, he’s 29 to achieving his total goal of 25,000.
But the generous 11 year old is not 30 with worthy causes. Before becoming a “lemonade mogul”, Carey launched another community 31 titled “Carti packs”—care packages for the homeless that 32 such essentials as deodorants, soap, tissues, and even hand warmers used when the weather got 33 .
Carey says his greatest 34 comes from knowing he’s made a difference and seeing how much his efforts have meant to the people he tries to 35 .
21.A.spend B.save C.earn D.control
22.A.chance B.risk C.course D.mission
23.A.ambition B.profit C.stand D.wisdom
24.A.holding B.investing C.claiming D.drawing
25.A.financial B.mental
C.political D.commercial
26.A.took effect B.made sense
C.made room D.took root
27.A.shocked B.delighted
C.relieved D.disappointed
28.A.produced B.sold
C.selected D.distributed
29.A.loyal B.close C.equal D.identical
30.A.committed B.unfamiliar C.used D.true
31.A.career B.research
C.investigation D.campaign
32.A.restored B.employed C.contained D.boosted
33.A.freezing B.stormy C.fine D.violent
34.A.contribution B.hope
C.achievement D.joy
35.A.please B.ignore C.serve D.identify
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Nemo’s Garden is the world’s first underwater farm. Now, tomatoes, strawberries and some other plants are growing inside its round pods (舱) under the sea, just off the coast of Noli, Italy.
Ocean Reef Group 36 (start) the underwater garden project in 2012 37 (find) new ways to farm that could help the planet in the future. The group’s six plastic pods 38 (fill) with air, but their bottoms are open to the sea. Through evaporation (蒸发), fresh water collects on the insides of the pods, and then goes back down to help plants in the pods grow.
Because the pods aren’t very deep under water, the plants still get enough 39 (nature) light from the sun. There is also little need 40 pesticides as insects can’t get in to harm the plants. However, 41 (train) divers are needed to swim down and take care of the plants.
Ocean Reef Group’s Luca Gamberini told 42 magazine that the plants taste different too. “They taste even 43 (strong),” he said. For now, Nemo’s Garden is 44 (most) used as a laboratory 45 tries different ways to grow different kinds of plants under the sea.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华,你的好友Jim在暑假期间痴迷微信朋友圈,经常发照片分享生活中的细节,请根据以下要点提示,给Jim写一封信:
1.对分享行为表示理解;
2.阐述过度分享的危害;
3.提出建议。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:微信朋友圈 WeChat Moments;过度分享 overshare
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
65 year old Mr. Fairfax had retired from teaching. He was very interested in adventures. This time he made an adventure on sparsely(稀少地) populated land. In the cold winter, he tried a new place and forgot to bring his cellphone, the only time on the trip. He trekked(长途跋涉) more than half a mile with two dogs to a harvested wheat field.
With his dark staring eyes at the horizon in expectation of another rabbit, Mr. Fairfax stepped on the thin snow on a canal. Suddenly, it collapsed and dropped him four feet to the bottom.
Realizing that he was in trouble and that he was going to hurt himself, Mr. Fairfax suddenly picked up a lot of speed. His left leg was injured first, and he lay on his side to reach for his shotgun, unloaded the bullets and used it as a crutch(拐杖). He spent an hour and a half climbing the canal but slipped and slid back down when he was partly up. This time, one of his feet got fixed between two rocks. Mr. Fairfax told himself that if he didn’t get himself out of that canal, he wasn’t going to have a very good night.
Mr. Fairfax climbed more slowly and cautiously out of the canal. He immediately realized the difficulty of the task before him. The accident occurred at about 2 p.m., and it was nearing 5 p.m. with the road far away as the sun was setting.
Mr. Fairfax focused on crawling to safety. Even with his gun supporting him, hopping(单脚跳行) was impractical. Instead, he sat down and pushed himself backward for less than 40 inches at a time with his good leg. He was determined and sure that he must hold on. He was in exhaustion and had more frequent breaks. Temperatures dropped overnight, and his gloves and boots got wet. His hands and feet soon were completely numb.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
Mr. Fairfax’s dogs had been playing in the field and eventually came up to him.
Paragraph 2:
However, gleams(微光) of daylight remained—Mr. Fairfax saw the sixth car.
全书综合测评
1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.D
8.A 9.C 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.C 14.C
15.C 16.G 17.C 18.A 19.F 20.B 21.C
22.A 23.B 24.B 25.A 26.D 27.A 28.D
29.B 30.B 31.D 32.C 33.A 34.D 35.C
36.started 37.to find 38.are filled 39.natural 40.for 41.trained 42.a 43.stronger 44.mostly 45.that/which
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文,介绍并推荐了从丹佛出发到落基山国家公园之旅的信息。
1.B 推理判断题。根据文中图片中的日历以及“Book online (在线预订)”和最下面的Click a date(点击一个日期)可推知,文章来自一个网站。故选B。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的“on a day trip from Denver”以及最后一句中的“watch the plentiful Colorado wildlife”可知,在一日游中你可以观看大量的科罗拉多州野生动物。故选C。
3.A 细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“A water refill will be available in the van; bring a reusable bottle.”可知,车上有水可供游客补充,带一个可重复使用的瓶子,所以这次旅行提供了水以便游客随时续杯。故选A。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者因为律师的工资高而选择这个职业,但是后来他发现这个职业花费了他大量的时间和精力,他并不快乐。后来,他辞职去做演员,做自己想做的事让作者感到自由快乐。
4.D 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三、四、五句可知,作者觉得以表演为生对他来说似乎不切实际,所以选择了法律预科,然后像他的两个姐姐一样去了法学院,虽然工作时间长,但她们赚了很多钱,买得起昂贵的汽车和城市里的豪华公寓,所以作者上法学院是因为当演员挣的钱不足以维持生计。故选D。
5.C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段前两句可知,作者做了五年律师之后, 觉得几乎要疯了。“I was unhappy and exhausted(我不快乐,筋疲力尽)”体现出这个职业是“令人疲惫不堪的”。故选C。
6.A 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“I never saw my friends or my family”和“so I made a drastic decision and quit my job”可知,律师的工作花费了作者大量的时间,他很少有时间陪伴家人和朋友。因此,作者决定辞去律师的工作是因为工作消耗了他几乎所有的时间和精力。故选A。
7.D 推理判断题。通读全文可知,作者前后有两种生活方式,第二、三段描述了他当律师时的情况,是第一种生活方式,尽管挣了很多钱,但是没有太多的私人时间,他并不快乐;最后一段描述了作者当演员时的情况,是第二种生活方式,尽管挣不了太多钱,但是他有更多的私人时间,能够陪伴家人和朋友。因此,作者写这篇文章的目的是与我们分享其生活方式的变化和原因。故选D。
C
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。在过去,父母认为科幻小说缺乏教育功能,然而有研究发现阅读科幻小说可能会提高读者融入现实的能力。
8.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的第二句和第三句可知,父母和教育者就科幻文学的教育功能持不同看法,很多父母拒绝把科幻小说作为一种合适的阅读类型是因为科幻小说缺乏他们所需要的教育功能。故选A。
9.C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Rather than limiting...reality.”可知,阅读科幻小说可能会提高读者融入现实的能力,而不是限制他们应对现实的能力。由此可知,作者试图通过2015年的调查结果来传达的信息是阅读科幻小说能提高年轻人应对现实的能力。故选C。
10.C 词义猜测题。根据此处语境可知,科幻小说探索不确定性,将年轻人描绘成勇敢的人物、幸存者和个人命运的塑造者,所以画线词的意思是“描绘”。故选C。
11.D 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了有研究发现阅读科幻小说可能会提高读者应对现实的能力以及科幻小说是如何帮助年轻人更好地应对现实的。由此可知,D选项“阅读科幻小说如何帮助孩子应对现实”是最佳标题。故选D。
D
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了远洋海鸟科里猛鹱的迁徙模式。
12.B 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Wildlife such as whales and geese learns migration paths...Others, including small songbirds, gain...their genetic code.And some animals use...to guide their migration.”可知,本段主要介绍了动物不同的迁徙模式。故选B。
13.C 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文可知,科里猛鹱的寿命很长,很少能在九岁之前成功产下幼崽。这为学习和实践发展它们的迁徙模式提供了机会。所以画线词所在句中的“Researchers call this the ‘exploration refinement’”表示研究人员称这种模式为“探索——改善”,画线词this指代上文介绍的科里猛鹱经过实践探索形成迁徙模式的方式。故选C。
14.C 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句中的“Younger Cory’s shearwaters are able to fly just as fast as the adults—but they do not, suggesting that the young do more exploration”可知,Letizia的研究发现小科里猛鹱为了探索降低了它们的飞行速度。故选C。
15.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,在一个因不可预测的人为变化而导致的快速变化的世界中,探索——改善可能对鸟类和其他生物有益,重复最近成功的行为更安全。结合倒数第二段可知,探索迁徙路线有助于鸟类的适应能力。故选C。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,讲述了做志愿者需要做的一些决定。
16.G 过渡句。本文为总分结构,第一段提到人们因不同的原因而从事志愿活动。下面几段讲了需要做的几件事。所以设空处应起到承上启下的作用,G项(不管是什么原因,你都需要做一些决定。)符合语境。
17.C 细节句。根据段落主题句“Choose a charity(慈善机构) or organization.”可知,本段内容和选择慈善机构有关,所以C项(你可能想到了一个特别的慈善机构。)符合语境。
18.A 主旨句。空处为主题句。根据下文(一旦你决定了你想去哪里做志愿者,接着你就必须决定你想做什么样的志愿者工作。)可知,本段主要讲述的是决定自己工作的类型。A项(决定工作的类型。)符合语境。
19.F 过渡句。设空处上文提到大多数慈善机构都有一个网站,其中有一部分旨在吸引潜在的志愿者,它们会发布具体的职位空缺。下文提到在这种情况下,你通常需要打电话或拜访它们的办公室,看看你能提供什么帮助。F项(但较小的慈善机构可能没有钱这样做。)和上文形成转折关系,并且引出下文,符合语境。
20.B 细节句。上文提到你可能认为你没有这样的技能。B项(不要让你的缺乏自信阻止你。)对上文进行补充说明,符合语境。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 本文讲述了小男孩Cartier Carey通过自己努力赚到的钱和募捐筹集的资金,为社区单亲妈妈送去尿布和湿巾等物品的故事。
21.C 考查动词词义辨析。根据前一句“Lots of kids set up lemonade stands in the summer.”和后面的“money”可知,他们卖东西是为了赚钱,这是他们学习赚钱的第一步。故选C。
22.A 考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“Instead, he’s 24 it back into his community. His goal is to help single mothers in need.”可知,对于Carey来说,这是一个做更多事情的机会。故选A。
23.B 考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“open his first savings account”可知,这里指利润。故选B。
24.B 考查动词词义辨析。根据下文的描述可知,他会把赚到的钱(利润)投回社区,而不是储存起来。故选B。
25.A 考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文可知,Carey在为单亲妈妈减轻经济上的负担,所以这里指经济上的不确定性。故选A。
26.D 考查动词短语辨析。根据下文“while Carey was visiting his...neighborhoods”可知,这个项目的想法是在Carey拜访他的祖母时开始的。took root“扎根”符合语境。故选D。
27.A 考查动词词义辨析。根据上文提到的Carey 帮助单亲妈妈的做法可知,他对自己观察到的单亲妈妈的数量感到震惊。故选A。
28.D 考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“Carey decided to focus on the basics: diapers(尿布) and wipes”可知,Carey用赚的钱和募捐的钱购买尿布,并分发给单亲妈妈。故选D。
29.B 考查形容词词义辨析。根据“altogether 22,000 diapers”可知,2.2万个尿布接近2.5万个尿布的总目标。故选B。
30.B 考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文讲到的Carey 在成为“柠檬水大亨”之前发起的另一项名为“Carti packs”的社区活动可知,Carey不是第一次做这样有价值的事情了,所以对此并不陌生。故选B。
31.D 考查名词词义辨析。根据上文中的“launched(发起)”以及项目的内容——为无家可归者提供关爱包裹可知,这是一项社区活动。故选D。
32.C 考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“such essentials as deodorants, soap, tissues, and even hand warmers”可知,关爱包裹里包含除臭剂、肥皂、纸巾,甚至暖手炉等必需品。故选C。
33.A 考查形容词词义辨析。根据“hand warmers”可知,此处指天气变冷时使用。故选A。
34.D 考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“comes from knowing...to the people”可知,此处指Carey的努力影响到别人让他感到高兴。故选D。
35.C 考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“His goal is to help single mothers in need.”可知,Carey所做的事情是在为他人服务。故选C。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上第一个水下农场尼莫花园的工作原理以及发展前景。
36.started 考查动词时态。句意:大洋暗礁集团于2012年启动了水下花园项目,以寻找未来可以帮助地球的新耕作方式。设空处作谓语,根据时间状语“in 2012”可知,本句时态用一般过去时。故填started。
37.to find 考查不定式。根据句意可知,设空处表目的,要用不定式形式。故填to find。
38.are filled 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处作谓语,根据but后的分句“their bottoms are open to the sea”的时态可知,这里也用一般现在时;主语为“The group’s six plastic pods”,是复数形式,与动词fill之间为被动关系,故填are filled。句意:该集团的六个塑料舱充满了空气,但底部是向大海敞开的。
39.natural 考查形容词。设空处修饰名词light,作定语,用形容词形式。故填natural,表示“自然的”。
40.for 考查介词。设空处为固定搭配need for,意为“对……的需求”。故填for。句意:由于昆虫无法进入去伤害植物,所以对杀虫剂的需求也很小。
41.trained 考查过去分词。设空处修饰名词divers,作定语,train与被修饰词之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词形式作前置定语。故填trained,意为“训练有素的”。句意:然而,需要训练有素的潜水员游下去照顾这些植物。
42.a 考查冠词。上文并未提到杂志,所以此处泛指“一家杂志”,用不定冠词,magazine是以辅音音素开头的词,应用a。 句意:大洋暗礁集团的卢卡·甘贝里尼告诉一家杂志,这些植物的味道也不一样。
43.stronger 考查比较级。根据上文内容可知,这些植物的味道也不一样,再根据空前的even可知,设空处应用比较级,表示“更浓烈了”。故填stronger。
44.mostly 考查副词。设空处在句中作状语,用副词形式。故填mostly。
45.that/which 考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句,先行词是a laboratory,关系词在定语从句中作主语,指物,所以用关系代词that或which。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Dear Jim,
I’m worried that you’ve been addicted to sharing all sorts of photos on WeChat Moments recently. Undeniably, WeChat makes communication convenient and leisure time colorful. However, there exist some potential risks if you overshare. One severe problem is leaking privacy, which may cause economic losses. Besides, oversharing can make others uncomfortable, for they think you are showing off.
Thus, never should we post our personal information, nor should we rashly add strangers to the list of friends. It’s wiser to set aside some time to accompany parents or do something more meaningful.
Best wishes!
Yours truly,
Li Hua
第二节
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
Mr. Fairfax’s dogs had been playing in the field and eventually came up to him.The two dogs surrounded his body to warm him while barking wildly. Mr. Fairfax finally struggled to the fence near the road with the help of the dogs. Despite his exhaustion and painful leg, he still tried to wave down a driver for fear that he might lose consciousness at any time. He waved wildly and shouted loudly, but in vain. When the fifth car passed without stopping, his heart sank in despair.
Paragraph 2:
However, gleams(微光) of daylight remained—Mr. Fairfax saw the sixth car. Mustering up all his strength and courage, he waved wildly again. Fortunately, this time the car stopped and the driver rolled down the window to ask him what was wrong. After realizing Mr. Fairfax’s situation, the driver jumped off, supporting him onto the back seat with his two lovely dogs. With tears welling up in his eyes, Mr. Fairfax expressed his gratitude in a weak voice. Finally, he got rescued and cured. From then on, whenever he was confronted with a terrible situation, he would encourage himself with the accident.
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