2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步练习题--UNIT 1 高考练（答案与解析）
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| 名称 | 2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步练习题--UNIT 1 高考练（答案与解析） |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-10-18 10:37:58 | ||
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2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步
五年高考练
阅读理解
A
(2023浙江1月,C)
A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knows what it’s talking about.”
What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And that’s why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.
词汇积累
1.outperform v.超过;胜过 2.specify v.具体说明;详述;详列
3.irrelevant adj.无关紧要的,不相关的 4.convention n.惯例;习俗
1.Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph
A.To explain the use of a software program.
B.To show the cleverness of Project Debater.
C.To introduce the designer of Project Debater.
D.To emphasize the fairness of the competition.
2.What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to
A.Arguments.
B.Doubts.
C.Errors.
D.Differences.
3.What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond
A.Create rules.
B.Comprehend meaning.
C.Talk fluently.
D.Identify difficult words.
4.What can we learn from the last paragraph
A.Social interaction is key to understanding symbols.
B.The human brain has potential yet to be developed.
C.Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters.
D.Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
B
(2022全国乙,C)
Can a small group of drones(无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast moving trains would be able to react in time.
词汇积累
1.guarantee v.保证 2.reliability n.可靠性
3.autonomously adv.自主地;自治地
5.What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible
A.The use of drones in checking on power lines.
B.Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
C.The reduction of cost in designing drones.
D.Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.
6.What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A.Personnel safety.
B.Assistance from drones.
C.Inspection and repair.
D.Construction of infrastructure.
7.What function is expected of the rail drones
A.To provide early warning.
B.To make trains run automatically.
C.To earn profits for the crews.
D.To accelerate transportation.
8.Which is the most suitable title for the text
A.What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B.How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C.What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D.How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
五年高考练
A
◎语篇解读 本文为说明文,主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容是社会进步与人类文明,文章主要通过介绍一个击败以色列前国家辩论冠军的软件程序“Project Debater”以及它明显的缺陷——无法理解意义,说明了社会交往才是理解意义的关键所在。
1.B 根据第一段中“Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.”可知Project Debater可以打败人类对手,甚至包括以色列前国家辩论冠军Noa Ovadia,此处显示出它的聪明程度。
2.C 根据第二段中“This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem.”可知,作者表明这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误,而这些错误无疑会被消除。因此Such wrinkles指的是上文中的“the kinds of errors”。
3.B 根据第三段中“But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant.”可知,Project Debater并没有具体说明那些符号的意思,事实上对计算机来说,意义是无关紧要的。所以Project Debater不能理解意义。
4.A 根据最后一段中“Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads.”可知,意义是通过社会互动的过程产生的,而不是计算过程,这些互动过程塑造了我们头脑中符号的内容,这也是人类区别于计算机的不同之处。
长难句
原句1 What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines.
分析 What Hammond is referring to为主语从句,what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines为宾语从句。
译文 Hammond指的是意义的问题,而意义是区分最不聪明的人类和最聪明的机器的核心。
原句2 And that’s why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.
分析 why引导表语从句,however引导让步状语从句,第二个that引导定语从句。
译文 那就是为什么,无论Project Debater看起来多么令人惊讶,始于苏格拉底和孔子的传统不会以人工智能结束。
B
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。一种可能很快就能应用的铁路无人机可以保障铁路安全并能大量节省铁路维护费用。
5.A 细节理解题。由第二段中的“Drones are already being used to examine high tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure...(无人机已经被用来检查高压电线了。它们可以做完全相同的事情来检查铁路线和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面……)”可知,无人机在检查高压电线方面的应用使它们在铁路线的应用成为可能。
6.C 词义猜测题。由第三段第二句尤其是“sending maintenance staff”和“to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”可知,派遣人员是为了检查和维修铁路基础设施,因此maintenance表示“检查和维修”。
7.A 细节理解题。由最后一段第一句和“the rail drones of the future”后面的内容可知,铁路无人机有望具备预警的功能。
8.D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文介绍了一种可能很快就能应用的铁路无人机,并说明了它们可以保障铁路安全并能大量节省铁路维护费用。由此可知,文章主要说明无人机会如何改变铁路的未来,故以此为题目最合适。
长难句
原句1 That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
分析 这是一个主从复合句。applying...to...意为“把……应用于……”;that引导的是宾语从句。
译文 那是未来很可能的样子:把当今的“天眼”技术应用在确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候对火车来说是安全的。
原句2 The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on time performance will be improved.
分析 该句使用了“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构。
译文 它们越是能够被定期检查,铁路的安全性、可靠性和准时性能就提高得越多。
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步
五年高考练
阅读理解
A
(2023浙江1月,C)
A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knows what it’s talking about.”
What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And that’s why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.
词汇积累
1.outperform v.超过;胜过 2.specify v.具体说明;详述;详列
3.irrelevant adj.无关紧要的,不相关的 4.convention n.惯例;习俗
1.Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph
A.To explain the use of a software program.
B.To show the cleverness of Project Debater.
C.To introduce the designer of Project Debater.
D.To emphasize the fairness of the competition.
2.What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to
A.Arguments.
B.Doubts.
C.Errors.
D.Differences.
3.What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond
A.Create rules.
B.Comprehend meaning.
C.Talk fluently.
D.Identify difficult words.
4.What can we learn from the last paragraph
A.Social interaction is key to understanding symbols.
B.The human brain has potential yet to be developed.
C.Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters.
D.Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
B
(2022全国乙,C)
Can a small group of drones(无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast moving trains would be able to react in time.
词汇积累
1.guarantee v.保证 2.reliability n.可靠性
3.autonomously adv.自主地;自治地
5.What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible
A.The use of drones in checking on power lines.
B.Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
C.The reduction of cost in designing drones.
D.Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.
6.What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A.Personnel safety.
B.Assistance from drones.
C.Inspection and repair.
D.Construction of infrastructure.
7.What function is expected of the rail drones
A.To provide early warning.
B.To make trains run automatically.
C.To earn profits for the crews.
D.To accelerate transportation.
8.Which is the most suitable title for the text
A.What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B.How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C.What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D.How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
五年高考练
A
◎语篇解读 本文为说明文,主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容是社会进步与人类文明,文章主要通过介绍一个击败以色列前国家辩论冠军的软件程序“Project Debater”以及它明显的缺陷——无法理解意义,说明了社会交往才是理解意义的关键所在。
1.B 根据第一段中“Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.”可知Project Debater可以打败人类对手,甚至包括以色列前国家辩论冠军Noa Ovadia,此处显示出它的聪明程度。
2.C 根据第二段中“This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem.”可知,作者表明这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误,而这些错误无疑会被消除。因此Such wrinkles指的是上文中的“the kinds of errors”。
3.B 根据第三段中“But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant.”可知,Project Debater并没有具体说明那些符号的意思,事实上对计算机来说,意义是无关紧要的。所以Project Debater不能理解意义。
4.A 根据最后一段中“Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads.”可知,意义是通过社会互动的过程产生的,而不是计算过程,这些互动过程塑造了我们头脑中符号的内容,这也是人类区别于计算机的不同之处。
长难句
原句1 What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines.
分析 What Hammond is referring to为主语从句,what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines为宾语从句。
译文 Hammond指的是意义的问题,而意义是区分最不聪明的人类和最聪明的机器的核心。
原句2 And that’s why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.
分析 why引导表语从句,however引导让步状语从句,第二个that引导定语从句。
译文 那就是为什么,无论Project Debater看起来多么令人惊讶,始于苏格拉底和孔子的传统不会以人工智能结束。
B
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。一种可能很快就能应用的铁路无人机可以保障铁路安全并能大量节省铁路维护费用。
5.A 细节理解题。由第二段中的“Drones are already being used to examine high tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure...(无人机已经被用来检查高压电线了。它们可以做完全相同的事情来检查铁路线和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面……)”可知,无人机在检查高压电线方面的应用使它们在铁路线的应用成为可能。
6.C 词义猜测题。由第三段第二句尤其是“sending maintenance staff”和“to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”可知,派遣人员是为了检查和维修铁路基础设施,因此maintenance表示“检查和维修”。
7.A 细节理解题。由最后一段第一句和“the rail drones of the future”后面的内容可知,铁路无人机有望具备预警的功能。
8.D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文介绍了一种可能很快就能应用的铁路无人机,并说明了它们可以保障铁路安全并能大量节省铁路维护费用。由此可知,文章主要说明无人机会如何改变铁路的未来,故以此为题目最合适。
长难句
原句1 That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
分析 这是一个主从复合句。applying...to...意为“把……应用于……”;that引导的是宾语从句。
译文 那是未来很可能的样子:把当今的“天眼”技术应用在确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候对火车来说是安全的。
原句2 The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on time performance will be improved.
分析 该句使用了“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构。
译文 它们越是能够被定期检查,铁路的安全性、可靠性和准时性能就提高得越多。
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)