2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步练习题--Unit 1单元达标检测（答案与解析）
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2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步
UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
全卷满分120分 考试用时100分钟
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
1.The War of the Worlds by H.G. Wells Published in 1897, this science fiction has inspired countless novels since then and continues to fascinate its readers. The unnamed hero is one of the first witnesses to a strange looking meteorite(陨石)in England. Not long after,it is apparent that the meteorite is Martian and an invasion is around the corner. What is it like for man, the dominator of earth, to be dominated by a race of aliens
2.The Dune Saga(沙丘)by Frank Herbert Published from 1965 to 1985, The Dune Saga contains 6 novels and is widely considered the greatest epic of science fiction. Instead of sticking to a single character, these novels begin with Paul Atreides, first a son of a noble family and then the emperor of the known universe. The novels follow Paul’s descendants(后裔),ending by revealing the fate of his planet, Arrakis, and the fate of his generations.
3.The Space Trilogy by C.S. Lewis This series contains three books that were published from 1938 to 1945. Lewis explores the nature of humanity by taking the main character, Dr. Elwin Ransom, outside of Earth and to the planets of Mars and Venus.On these planets,the residents are not corrupt(腐败的), but corruption from Earth threatens them. When Ransom returns to Earth in the final book, corruption even greater than when he left awaits him there.
4.Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury The future society in the priceless 1953 novel is made worse by technology. Ray Bradbury discusses the importance of books by using such a society that burns them. The main character,Guy Montag, is a fireman, someone who burns books and the houses that contain them. The culture is obsessed with the society of television but doesn’t realize the value—and the freedom—that come with literature.
1.Where is Dr. Elwin Ransom originally from
A.Earth. B.Venus. C.Mars. D.Arrakis.
2.Which book explores the potential of technology to make humans less free
A.The War of the Worlds. B.The Dune Saga.
C.The Space Trilogy. D.Fahrenheit 451.
3.What do the four kinds of books have in common
A.They show an imaginary world.
B.They each have two main characters.
C.They explore the nature of humanity.
D.They were published in the 20th century.
B
I believe in the power of science fiction, not just for its capacity to turn dreams into reality, but also for its power to gather those who share a common view about the future. For me,that’s true of my relationship with my dad. Some fathers and sons bond over sports, fishing or hunting, but my dad and I bond over Star Trek. We tried a trip to Disney World, but one of my earliest memories wasn’t Mickey, but a Klingon battle cruiser on the screen.
Over the years, nearly every situation has become far away for my dad and me. When it’s warm at night, we’re not driving along some dark streets in Indiana, but going at a slow speed with stars dimly shining. Both of us are thinking of them, without needing to say a word. All these imaginations of other universes have together created a private universe for my dad and me.
Gene Roddenberry, creator of Star Trek, once said, “Science fiction is a way of thinking, a way of logic that bypasses a lot of nonsense. It allows people to look directly at important subjects.” A lifetime of science fiction has influenced more than just my relationship with my dad, and it has also helped me shape my own hopes for the future. I’m now a science fiction writer.
Yes, science fiction has made me into a “nerd” and it also has been a source of joy for my family, making me an optimist while enabling me to think critically about the danger of technology. Thank those authors who have shared their visions; the world and my family are better for it. Thank my dad, who is both the best storyteller and the best man I have ever known.
4.What contributes to the bond between the author and his father
A.Their similar dream. B.Their love for each other.
C.Their common interest. D.Their hobby of fishing.
5.What does the author mainly want to show in Paragraph 2
A.His deep impression of his dad.
B.His feeling of staying with his dad.
C.His earliest memory of his dad.
D.His good relationship with his dad.
6.How does science fiction help the author at present
A.It leads him to pursue a desirable career.
B.It brings him the courage to live better.
C.It inspires him to face the danger of technology.
D.It makes him a source of his family’s joy.
7.What can be the best title for the text
A.The Wonders Science Brings.
B.The Power of Science Fiction.
C.The Stories About Science Fiction.
D.The Time Together with My Father.
C
Frankenstein, written by Mary Shelley, turned over 200 years old! It has been called the first true work of science fiction and the first English horror novel. The story has been told over and over again—not just in books, but in movies and television shows. To celebrate, New York City’s Morgan Library & Museum has a special exhibit on the writer and the book.
The reason for the success is that the biologist Frankenstein and his creature, the monster, live on in numerous remakes, shows, and even comic books.
Mary Shelley’s classic is one of the most famous horror stories of all time. But Frankenstein is so much more than that. It presents ideas or themes that are still important today. Knowing something about her suffering can help readers have a good knowledge of the work. Shelley wrote the book when she was only 18 years old. And it related to her own sad life. Her mother died 10 days after she gave birth to her. She knew what it meant to be a child without a mother. It is no surprise that Shelley wrote a story about a motherless creature, one that is very much alone in the world.
Losing her mother shortly after her birth in 1797 was only part of her life story. Mary Shelley gave birth to four children, but only one child survived to adulthood.
Around the age of 16, she fell in love with the poet Percy Shelley. The two writers got married in 1816. However, the marriage of Percy and Mary Shelley was short lived. Her husband died in a sailing accident in 1822. She was still in her twenties when she became a widow. In some ways, it’s not entirely surprising that she ended up with a story about a monster without a mother.
After the publication of Frankenstein, Mary Shelley continued writing. She died from brain cancer on February 1,1851. Her most important legacy is a monster that is still very much alive today.
8.What do we know about Frankenstein
A.It exists in different forms of art.
B.It is romantic fiction.
C.It is not popular with modern readers.
D.It has been made into the most interesting science fiction movie.
9.What did Shelley and the monster have in common
A.They were quite creative.
B.They felt lonely.
C.They had the same character.
D.They behaved badly at home.
10.Why did the author mention Shelley’s suffering
A.To show pity for her.
B.To introduce her to readers.
C.To make readers understand her novel better.
D.To show her difficulty in writing the novel.
11.What does the underlined word “legacy”mean in the last paragraph
A.Property. B.Influence. C.Inheritance. D.Creature.
D
There is a profound relationship between science fiction and science. It is often said that stories change the world; what is less often heard is that stories change science, and therefore the future.
The use of science fiction to explore our world is similar to plot planning in Futures Studies, which shapes our ideas about the future, and goes beyond predicting artifacts that once seemed impossible to us like Verne’s submarine or the satellites of 2001:A Space Odyssey.
In the words of Dutch researcher Sofia Kaloterakis, “Science fiction narratives structure our imaginary models about technoscientific projects such as robotics or space exploration.” Have you ever wondered how science fiction novels have impacted the idea we have about artificial intelligence or how Snow Crash, Neal Stephenson’s novel, has impacted what we now call the Metaverse (元宇宙)
Science fiction helps us define possible futures. It provides us with an understanding of the rules underlying fictional worlds. It also allows us to put technological prototypes (原型) in the context of their use by humans. But most importantly, it determines the way we structure scientific thoughts and intervene (干预) in the future.
Alex McDowell, a leading role of The World of ‘Minority Report’:An Introduction, and Peter von Stackelberg explain what fictional narratives can be brought to the table.
The richness of “storyworlds”—the “universes” within which stories take place—provides us with detailed rules of the context in which a larger reality unfolds that extends beyond a single story, and has the potential to provide us with deeper learning about the underlying systems that regulate those worlds.
Lastly, the relationship between future narratives and theories such as Social Constructivism has been highlighted by several scholars. A central idea of this sociological theory is that whenever we use words or other symbols to refer to objects in our world, we are constructing them. And, therefore, prediction is also a social construction. In narration, we intervene in the world. In narrating the world, we construct it. In writing science fiction, we intervene in the science of the future.
12.What is the text mainly about
A.The storyworlds created by science fiction.
B.Artifacts and technologies in science fiction.
C.Science fiction narratives affecting future studies.
D.The relationship between science and future studies.
13.What is the most important role of science fiction
A.It provides us with technologies and tools.
B.It allows us to establish a reasonable future.
C.It helps us learn the rules of the fictional world.
D.It dominates our thinking and affects the future.
14.What do we know about “storyworlds”
A.There are general rules for a single story.
B.They have a potential context within a story.
C.There are no regulations or guiding systems.
D.They are the “universes” where stories happen.
15.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A.Scholars care little about narratives about the future.
B.Objects can’t be constructed by words or symbols.
C.The science of the future intervenes in today’s science.
D.Science fiction narratives can construct the future world.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Writing a great science fiction novel is a long, hard process. As with any novel, you’ll want to construct a satisfying plot, develop interesting characters, and write polished, vivid prose. 16
Remember that science fiction is about ideas. Different from other genres, a good science fiction story depends on a great imagination. 17 In sci fi, those questions can be implicit or explicit. For example, many early works of sci fi make their questions obvious. In The War of the Worlds, the question is: What would happen to human society if it were invaded(入侵) by technologically advanced aliens
18 It’s one thing to have a great idea or situation, but it’s another to have a story. While science fiction novels are often thought experiments, they also can’t just be thought experiments. That means you’re going to have to come up with an appealing story that brings these questions to life.Ask yourself: What is the change that will occur over the course of your story, either in the world or in the life of the main characters
Create an interesting world. 19 The intricately(错综复杂地) imagined details that make up your world should flow in some way from the idea at the heart of your story. In that way, the world you create in your sci fi novel also reveals something about your point of view on the real world. Even the most fantastically imagined story is still a reflection of real world questions and problems.
Make sure the rules of your world are consistent.One of the qualities that set sci fi novels apart from the works of fantasy and surrealism(超现实主义) is that no matter how strange or fantastic the world is, it still obeys internally consistent logic. 20 But instead of being absurd, it must be understandable and in order for it to feel believable.
A.Focus on character development.
B.Make sure you’re telling a good story.
C.That said, writing science fiction requires many unique considerations.
D.That logic will necessarily be different from the logic that governs reality.
E.Before you start writing, have some sense of the question your novel is asking.
F.A sci fi novel set in a technologically backward world would violate the rules of the reality.
G.World building is one of the most important parts of creating a compelling sci fi story.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Leslie Morissette’s son, Graham, was six years old when he was diagnosed with leukemia(白血病). Throughout Graham’s treatment in the hospital, he connected with everyone he met, from 21 patients to younger children. “He would 22 his toys to other sick children or act silly to make them laugh,” Morissette said. “Graham’s special spirit was what kept me 23 . He gave me the energies and the 24 to fight together with him.” In 1997, when he was eight years old, Graham passed away.
Inspired by how Graham lived his life caring about others, Morissette founded the 25 Grahamtastic Connection in his late son’s honor. The organization provides free technology—including computers, tablets and robots—for children 26 against cancer or other serious illnesses.
One of the major goals of Morissette’s work is to 27 kids to their classrooms. This helps them continue their education despite frequent hospitalization (住院治疗)and days 28 from school.
The robots “ 29 ” children right into the classroom in real time. They can 30 the robots right from their hospital beds or homes. If a child is unable to attend school, he can 31 turn on the tablet or laptop and 32 the robot. Children can walk up and down the school paths, and go to lunch with their friends. But the real magic happens 33 classes. The robots enable them to walk down the hallway with their friends, talking about their weekends, their favorite foods and other things. It’s a really great 34 that gives children the feeling of control, when their world is maybe out of control.
“Every time I can help a child in need, I feel 35 Graham were smiling,” Morissette said. “I believe that Graham’s love lives on in the work that I do. And I’m proud and privileged to be able to do it in his honor.”
21.A.lonely B.elderly C.daily D.lively
22.A.lend B.submit C.return D.apply
23.A.laughing B.imagining C.going D.lying
24.A.opinion B.warmth C.strength D.direction
25.A.associated B.nonprofit
C.unconditional D.appointed
26.A.reacting B.guarding C.going D.battling
27.A.invite B.show C.connect D.limit
28.A.gained B.missed C.suffered D.graduated
29.A.turn B.transform
C.exchange D.transport
30.A.build B.operate C.teach D.separate
31.A.hardly B.randomly C.mostly D.simply
32.A.call in B.catch on
C.give away D.leave behind
33.A.over B.during C.between D.within
34.A.responsibility B.ability
C.personality D.technology
35.A.as though B.in case C.even if D.so that
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Three Body, the Chinese TV adaptation of Liu Cixin’s sci fi novel The Three Body Problem, opened at 9:30 p.m. on Sunday on both CCTV 8 and the online platform Tencent Video. It broke the Tencent Video record in terms of the popularity 36 (generate) by a drama on its debut (首播) day, according to the platform, 37 is also a co producer of the show. Many web posts expressed viewers’ 38 (satisfy) with the long awaited show, praising its great job in restoring details of the original novel. 39 (ensure) the ingenuity (独创力) of the drama, many scenes 40 (shoot) in famous Chinese scientific institutes. According to previous reports, the team 41 (work)on it for four years and spent 126 days shooting, traveling to many places like Ningbo, Beijing and Heihe to film, and creating more than 270 film sets to 42 (precise) restore details of the original book. In a congratulatory message of Sunday’s release, Liu Cixin said he was also looking forward to the Three Body TV drama. “Fortunately, in our real life, 43 happened in the novel didn’t happen,” he said, 44 (note) that mankind won’t stop exploring and will continue to explore 45 unknown with courage.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华,中国国际展览中心(China International Exhibition Center)最近正在举办智能机器人展览。请给你的交换生朋友Arthur写一封邮件,邀请他一起去参观,内容包括:
1.时间和地点;
2.展览相关情况;
3.诚邀一同前往。
注意:写作词数应为80左右。
Dear Arthur,
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was 11:30 a.m., and the fishing had been a failure. Still, floating on the water 40 miles off the North Carolina coast was a great way to spend a lazy July day. It was really relaxing with calm seas, clear skies, and a breeze around them. There was not another boat in sight. Suddenly, Andrew Sherman, a 50 year old father from Roanoke, Virginia, saw a spot in the distance. As the spot approached, it started to look like a boat. “Jack,” he yelled at his 21 year old son, “someone’s headed straight towards us!”
Strangely, the boat was about to crash into the side of their boat. Andrew sped their boat up as quickly as he could to avoid being crashed. The Shermans stared in surprise. Four fishing lines out, music blaring(发出响而刺耳的声音)—it was an average recreational fishing boat, except there wasn’t a person in sight. The boat owner must have gone below into the cabin, leaving his boat sailing along at 10 mph.
“We must follow it,” Andrew said.
As their boat got close to it, they shouted, “Hey! Hey!” But there was no response. A horrifying new thought flashed through their minds: The boat owner had gone below and suffered a heart attack, or fell into the water.
Andrew moved their boat alongside the other while Jack leaped onto the other boat. He managed to bring the boat to a stop and rushed down into the cabin. He came back up a moment later. “Empty,” he said.
Astonished, the father and son said at the same time, “What happened ”
The two men could have left it, but they were curious. The boat’s GPS system indicated that the missing boat owner had marked(标记)points along his route indicating good fishing spots. Then the points suddenly stopped a few miles back.
注意:续写词数应为150左右.
Paragraph 1:
Immediately, they headed for that last point.
Paragraph 2:
To their relief, the boat owner was conscious.
单元达标检测
UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
1.A 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.B
8.A 9.B 10.C 11.C 12.C 13.D 14.D
15.D 16.C 17.E 18.B 19.G 20.D 21.B
22.A 23.C 24.C 25.B 26.D 27.C 28.B
29.D 30.B 31.D 32.A 33.C 34.D 35.A
36.generated 37.which 38.satisfaction 39.To ensure 40.were shot 41.worked 42.precisely 43.what 44.noting 45.the
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本书,包括它们的作者和主要内容。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第三个表格中的“taking the main character, Dr. Elwin Ransom, outside of Earth”以及“When Ransom returns to Earth”可知,Dr. Elwin Ransom来自地球。故选A。
2.D 细节理解题。根据最后一个表格中的第一句可知1953年这部极珍贵的小说中的未来社会因技术而变得更糟。故选D。
3.A 细节理解题。根据四个表格中的细节:
表格一 Published in 1897,this science fiction has inspired countless novels since then自1897年出版以来,这部科幻小说赋予了无数小说灵感
表格二 ...is widely considered the greatest epic of science fiction ……被广泛认为是最伟大的科幻史诗
表格三 ...taking the main character, Dr.Elwin Ransom, outside of Earth and to the planets of Mars and Venus……把主人公Dr. Elwin Ransom带到了地球之外的火星和金星
表格四 The future society in the priceless 1953 novel is made worse by technology. 1953年这部极珍贵的小说中的未来社会因技术而变得更糟。
可知,这四种书的共同特点是:它们都展示了一个想象的世界。故选A。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。作者和父亲都热爱科幻小说,它不仅帮助作者和父亲建立了深厚的感情,而且帮助作者塑造了对未来的希望。
4.C 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知,有些父亲和儿子会因为运动、钓鱼或打猎而增进感情,但作者和父亲却因为《星际迷航》而增进感情。故选C。
5.D 推理判断题。根据第二段尤其是最后两句“我们两个人都在想着它们,不需要说一句话。所有这些对其他宇宙的想象共同为我和父亲创造了一个私人的宇宙。”可知,该段主要叙述了作者和父亲共同的爱好及其相关经历,说明了他们之间的良好关系。故选D。
6.A 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知,科幻小说不仅影响了作者和父亲的关系,还帮助作者塑造了对未来的希望。作者现在是一名科幻小说作家。故选A。
7.B 主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句可知,作者相信科幻小说的力量,不仅因为它能把梦想变成现实,还因为它能把那些对未来有着共同愿景的人联系在一起。后文主要讲述了作者和父亲都热爱科幻小说,它不仅帮助作者和父亲建立了深厚的感情,而且帮助作者塑造了对未来的希望。因此,“科幻小说的力量”最适合作为文章标题。故选B。
C
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了玛丽·雪莱的人生经历和她创作的科幻小说《弗兰肯斯坦》。
8.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知,这个故事被一遍又一遍地讲述——不仅在书中,在电影和电视节目中也是如此。由此可知,《弗兰肯斯坦》存在于不同的艺术形式中,故选A。
9.B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后四句可知,这本书的创作和玛丽·雪莱的悲惨生活有关。她的母亲在生下她十天后去世了,她知道一个孩子没有母亲意味着什么。玛丽·雪莱创作一个没有母亲的生物——一个在世界上非常孤独的生物的故事就不足为奇了。由此可知,玛丽·雪莱与她创作的小说中的怪物的共同之处是他们都感到孤独。故选B。
10.C 推理判断题。根据第三段第四句可知,作者提到玛丽·雪莱的苦难经历是为了让读者更好地理解她的这部作品。故选C。
11.C 词义猜测题。结合画线词所在句和前文内容可知,玛丽·雪莱于1851年2月1日死于脑癌,但她小说中的怪物至今仍非常活跃。根据语境可推断,这是她的文学留给后人最重要的东西,即“遗产”。故选C。
D
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科幻小说叙事影响了未来的研究。
12.C 主旨大意题。文章第一段点明科幻小说和科学之间有着深刻的关系;第二段讲到利用科幻小说来探索我们的世界塑造了我们对未来的看法;第四段讲到科幻小说帮助我们定义可能的未来。最后一段谈到在写科幻小说时,我们介入了未来的科学。再结合四个选项可知,本文主要讲科幻小说叙事影响未来的研究。C项符合文章主旨。
13.D 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“但最重要的是,它影响了我们构建科学思想和干预未来的方式。”可知,科幻小说最重要的作用是它影响我们的思维并影响未来。故选D项。
14.D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“The richness of ‘storyworlds’—the ‘universes’ within which stories take place(丰富的‘故事世界’——故事发生的‘宇宙’)”可知,故事世界是指故事发生的“宇宙”。故选D项。
15.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后三句“在叙述中,我们介入了世界。在叙述世界时,我们构建了世界。在写科幻小说时,我们介入了未来的科学。”可推知,科幻叙事可以构建未来世界。故选D项。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。创作科幻小说是一个漫长且艰难的过程。文章说明了在科幻小说的创作中需要考虑的几个独特因素。
16.C 过渡句。由空前句可知,创作科幻小说和创作其他任何小说一样,创作者都想要构建一个令人满意的情节、发展有趣的角色,写优雅、生动的散文。C项中的“That said(话虽如此)”“requires many unique considerations(需要很多独特的考虑因素)”是对上一句的转折,同时引出本文的主题——写科幻小说时要考虑的几个因素,起到了承上启下的作用。故选C。
17.E 细节句。空后句“In sci fi, those questions can be implicit or explicit.”说在科幻小说中,那些问题可以是含蓄的,也可以是明确的。其中“those questions”与E项中的“have some sense of the question”相呼应,而且下文举例说明写科幻小说所提出的问题,多次提到question(s)。故选E。
18.B 主旨句。该空位于段首,应为该段的主旨句。空后句谈到有了好的想法或情景并不意味着就有了一个故事;B项中的“telling a good story”与空后句及下文中的“have a story”和“come up with an appealing story”相呼应。所以本段主要说明科幻小说要有吸引人的故事。故选B。
19.G 细节句。由此段首句“Create an interesting world.”可知本段介绍要创造一个有趣的世界,G项中的“World building”与“Create an interesting world”语义相符。所以G项(创造世界是创作一个引人入胜的科幻故事最重要的部分之一)符合该段的主题。故选G。
20.D 细节句。空前句表明无论那个世界多么奇怪或者荒诞,它仍然遵循内在一致的逻辑;D项(那种逻辑必然与支配现实的逻辑不同)中的“That logic”指的就是空前句中的“internally consistent logic”。故选D。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了Leslie Morissette有感于儿子Graham生病时对他人的态度,在儿子去世后,建立了一个非营利性组织,为与疾病作斗争的孩子免费提供电脑和机器人等技术设备的故事。
21.B 在医院接受治疗的整个过程中,Graham与他遇到的每一个人都建立了良好的关系,和“younger”对应的是“elderly”,故选B项。
22.A 根据设空处下文可知,Graham经常会逗他们开心,说明他关心那些生病的孩子,因此“把自己的玩具借给他们”符合语境,故选A项。
23.C 根据下文Morissette所做的事可知,Graham的精神促使Morissette继续前进。故选C项。
24.C 根据空前的“He gave me the energies and”可知,设空处与and前的“energies”并列,意义相关。故选C项。
25.B 根据下文可知,Morissette为了纪念已故的儿子而创办了一个组织,为与疾病作斗争的孩子提供免费的技术设备,因此这是个非营利性组织。故选B项。
26.D 根据上下文可知,Morissette因为被儿子Graham在生病期间乐于助人的精神鼓舞,所以在尽力帮助那些生病的孩子。故此处是指与疾病作斗争的孩子。故选D项。
27.C 根据下文“This helps them continue their education...”可知,这有助于他们在频繁住院和缺课太多的情况下继续接受教育。因此,Morissette是要通过科技为这些孩子建立和教室之间的联系,帮助他们在无法去学校的情况下学习。故选C项。
28.B 根据前面的“frequent hospitalization”可知,这些孩子需要经常住院,所以会经常缺课。故选B项。
29.D 由下文可知,Morissette通过科技为没办法去教室上课的生病的孩子建立了他们和教室之间的联系, 即运用科技手段用另一种形式把孩子们“运送”到教室里,让他们可以在病床上或家里通过操纵机器人来上课。故选D项。
30.B 根据下文可知,孩子们可以用他们的平板电脑或笔记本电脑来操纵机器人。故选B项。
31.D 根据上下文可知,孩子只需要打开平板电脑或笔记本电脑便可以操纵机器人。故选D项。
32.A 根据上文可知,机器人可以帮孩子“进入”教室, 孩子通过电脑操纵机器人,因此是打开电脑后找机器人帮忙。call in表示“召来,叫来”。故选A项。
33.C 根据下文可知,孩子们可以通过机器人和同学散步、畅聊等,这些事应该是发生在课间。故选C项。
34.D 根据上文可知,孩子们通过笔记本电脑或平板电脑操控机器人是这个组织提供的免费技术, 故此处是说这项科技很棒。故选D项。
35.A Graham已经去世,此处用了虚拟语气,表示“每次我能帮助一个需要帮助的孩子时,我都会觉得好像Graham在微笑”。故选A项。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了电视剧《三体》。
36.generated 考查过去分词作定语。句意:同时作为该剧的联合制作方,腾讯视频表示,该剧在首播当天就打破了腾讯视频的电视剧人气纪录。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语,所以设空处应填非谓语动词,generate与其逻辑主语popularity构成被动关系(generate the popularity),故用过去分词作定语。故填generated。
37.which 考查定语从句。设空处前面内容意思完整,后面内容缺少主语,且主语指的就是前面的the platform,所以设空处引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中作主语,先行词为the platform,指物。故填which。
38.satisfaction 考查名词。由前面的动词expressed 和名词所有格viewers’可知应用名词satisfaction(不可数名词)。故填satisfaction。
39.To ensure 考查不定式作目的状语。句意:为了保证该剧的独创性,许多场景都是在中国著名的科学研究所拍摄的。这里应用不定式作目的状语。注意句首单词首字母要大写。故填To ensure。
40.were shot 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,设空处为句子的谓语,文章通篇都在描述过去的事情,所以设空处应用一般过去时,且scenes 与shoot之间是被动关系,因此用被动语态,主语scenes为复数概念,故填were shot。
41.worked 考查时态。根据“According to previous reports”以及“and spent”可知此处应用一般过去时,故填worked。
42.precisely 考查副词。修饰动词restore应用副词precisely。
43.what 考查主语从句引导词。分析句子结构可知,“ 43 happened in the novel”在句中作主语,所以设空处引导主语从句,从句缺少主语,指事情。故填what。
44.noting 考查现在分词作状语。分析句子结构可知,前面已有谓语,且逗号后无连词,所以设空处应用非谓语动词作状语,句子的主语he和note之间是主动关系,故应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填noting。
45.the 考查冠词。the unknown表示“未知的事物”。故填the。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Dear Arthur,
How have you been recently There is an impressive collection of smart robots on show at China International Exhibition Center from January 5, lasting for 3 days.
The exhibition shows the latest technologies and related products from home and abroad. Visitors can enjoy fun interaction with many clever robots, which not only demonstrate the dramatic development of high technology but also arouse their interest in robotic science.
Would you like to visit the exhibition along with me I’m sure you will benefit a lot from it. Looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
Immediately, they headed for that last point. From there, the two boats made ever enlarging circles for the next hour. With Jack almost giving up hope, Andrew persevered in continuing the search, a journey no easier than looking for a needle in a haystack. He couldn’t ignore the fact that the lost boat owner would probably be alive and was growing weary minute by minute in the endless sea. He kept going on, moving north a bit, then south. And then he moved back up north again and then south again. Another hour later, his persistence paid off. Andrew eventually spotted a struggling figure in the distant water.
Paragraph 2:
To their relief, the boat owner was conscious. When Andrew finally reached the man he and his son had been seeking for about two hours, a relieved smile rippled round his lips.“You have no idea how happy I am to see you,” he said,pulling him aboard. Only then did the whole thing dawn on the boat owner. The two men embraced each other as if they had known each other for ages. Other than leg cramps, the boat owner was fine. He’d been saved from drowning and was grateful that the father and son had taken trouble to search for him.
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2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步
UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
全卷满分120分 考试用时100分钟
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
1.The War of the Worlds by H.G. Wells Published in 1897, this science fiction has inspired countless novels since then and continues to fascinate its readers. The unnamed hero is one of the first witnesses to a strange looking meteorite(陨石)in England. Not long after,it is apparent that the meteorite is Martian and an invasion is around the corner. What is it like for man, the dominator of earth, to be dominated by a race of aliens
2.The Dune Saga(沙丘)by Frank Herbert Published from 1965 to 1985, The Dune Saga contains 6 novels and is widely considered the greatest epic of science fiction. Instead of sticking to a single character, these novels begin with Paul Atreides, first a son of a noble family and then the emperor of the known universe. The novels follow Paul’s descendants(后裔),ending by revealing the fate of his planet, Arrakis, and the fate of his generations.
3.The Space Trilogy by C.S. Lewis This series contains three books that were published from 1938 to 1945. Lewis explores the nature of humanity by taking the main character, Dr. Elwin Ransom, outside of Earth and to the planets of Mars and Venus.On these planets,the residents are not corrupt(腐败的), but corruption from Earth threatens them. When Ransom returns to Earth in the final book, corruption even greater than when he left awaits him there.
4.Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury The future society in the priceless 1953 novel is made worse by technology. Ray Bradbury discusses the importance of books by using such a society that burns them. The main character,Guy Montag, is a fireman, someone who burns books and the houses that contain them. The culture is obsessed with the society of television but doesn’t realize the value—and the freedom—that come with literature.
1.Where is Dr. Elwin Ransom originally from
A.Earth. B.Venus. C.Mars. D.Arrakis.
2.Which book explores the potential of technology to make humans less free
A.The War of the Worlds. B.The Dune Saga.
C.The Space Trilogy. D.Fahrenheit 451.
3.What do the four kinds of books have in common
A.They show an imaginary world.
B.They each have two main characters.
C.They explore the nature of humanity.
D.They were published in the 20th century.
B
I believe in the power of science fiction, not just for its capacity to turn dreams into reality, but also for its power to gather those who share a common view about the future. For me,that’s true of my relationship with my dad. Some fathers and sons bond over sports, fishing or hunting, but my dad and I bond over Star Trek. We tried a trip to Disney World, but one of my earliest memories wasn’t Mickey, but a Klingon battle cruiser on the screen.
Over the years, nearly every situation has become far away for my dad and me. When it’s warm at night, we’re not driving along some dark streets in Indiana, but going at a slow speed with stars dimly shining. Both of us are thinking of them, without needing to say a word. All these imaginations of other universes have together created a private universe for my dad and me.
Gene Roddenberry, creator of Star Trek, once said, “Science fiction is a way of thinking, a way of logic that bypasses a lot of nonsense. It allows people to look directly at important subjects.” A lifetime of science fiction has influenced more than just my relationship with my dad, and it has also helped me shape my own hopes for the future. I’m now a science fiction writer.
Yes, science fiction has made me into a “nerd” and it also has been a source of joy for my family, making me an optimist while enabling me to think critically about the danger of technology. Thank those authors who have shared their visions; the world and my family are better for it. Thank my dad, who is both the best storyteller and the best man I have ever known.
4.What contributes to the bond between the author and his father
A.Their similar dream. B.Their love for each other.
C.Their common interest. D.Their hobby of fishing.
5.What does the author mainly want to show in Paragraph 2
A.His deep impression of his dad.
B.His feeling of staying with his dad.
C.His earliest memory of his dad.
D.His good relationship with his dad.
6.How does science fiction help the author at present
A.It leads him to pursue a desirable career.
B.It brings him the courage to live better.
C.It inspires him to face the danger of technology.
D.It makes him a source of his family’s joy.
7.What can be the best title for the text
A.The Wonders Science Brings.
B.The Power of Science Fiction.
C.The Stories About Science Fiction.
D.The Time Together with My Father.
C
Frankenstein, written by Mary Shelley, turned over 200 years old! It has been called the first true work of science fiction and the first English horror novel. The story has been told over and over again—not just in books, but in movies and television shows. To celebrate, New York City’s Morgan Library & Museum has a special exhibit on the writer and the book.
The reason for the success is that the biologist Frankenstein and his creature, the monster, live on in numerous remakes, shows, and even comic books.
Mary Shelley’s classic is one of the most famous horror stories of all time. But Frankenstein is so much more than that. It presents ideas or themes that are still important today. Knowing something about her suffering can help readers have a good knowledge of the work. Shelley wrote the book when she was only 18 years old. And it related to her own sad life. Her mother died 10 days after she gave birth to her. She knew what it meant to be a child without a mother. It is no surprise that Shelley wrote a story about a motherless creature, one that is very much alone in the world.
Losing her mother shortly after her birth in 1797 was only part of her life story. Mary Shelley gave birth to four children, but only one child survived to adulthood.
Around the age of 16, she fell in love with the poet Percy Shelley. The two writers got married in 1816. However, the marriage of Percy and Mary Shelley was short lived. Her husband died in a sailing accident in 1822. She was still in her twenties when she became a widow. In some ways, it’s not entirely surprising that she ended up with a story about a monster without a mother.
After the publication of Frankenstein, Mary Shelley continued writing. She died from brain cancer on February 1,1851. Her most important legacy is a monster that is still very much alive today.
8.What do we know about Frankenstein
A.It exists in different forms of art.
B.It is romantic fiction.
C.It is not popular with modern readers.
D.It has been made into the most interesting science fiction movie.
9.What did Shelley and the monster have in common
A.They were quite creative.
B.They felt lonely.
C.They had the same character.
D.They behaved badly at home.
10.Why did the author mention Shelley’s suffering
A.To show pity for her.
B.To introduce her to readers.
C.To make readers understand her novel better.
D.To show her difficulty in writing the novel.
11.What does the underlined word “legacy”mean in the last paragraph
A.Property. B.Influence. C.Inheritance. D.Creature.
D
There is a profound relationship between science fiction and science. It is often said that stories change the world; what is less often heard is that stories change science, and therefore the future.
The use of science fiction to explore our world is similar to plot planning in Futures Studies, which shapes our ideas about the future, and goes beyond predicting artifacts that once seemed impossible to us like Verne’s submarine or the satellites of 2001:A Space Odyssey.
In the words of Dutch researcher Sofia Kaloterakis, “Science fiction narratives structure our imaginary models about technoscientific projects such as robotics or space exploration.” Have you ever wondered how science fiction novels have impacted the idea we have about artificial intelligence or how Snow Crash, Neal Stephenson’s novel, has impacted what we now call the Metaverse (元宇宙)
Science fiction helps us define possible futures. It provides us with an understanding of the rules underlying fictional worlds. It also allows us to put technological prototypes (原型) in the context of their use by humans. But most importantly, it determines the way we structure scientific thoughts and intervene (干预) in the future.
Alex McDowell, a leading role of The World of ‘Minority Report’:An Introduction, and Peter von Stackelberg explain what fictional narratives can be brought to the table.
The richness of “storyworlds”—the “universes” within which stories take place—provides us with detailed rules of the context in which a larger reality unfolds that extends beyond a single story, and has the potential to provide us with deeper learning about the underlying systems that regulate those worlds.
Lastly, the relationship between future narratives and theories such as Social Constructivism has been highlighted by several scholars. A central idea of this sociological theory is that whenever we use words or other symbols to refer to objects in our world, we are constructing them. And, therefore, prediction is also a social construction. In narration, we intervene in the world. In narrating the world, we construct it. In writing science fiction, we intervene in the science of the future.
12.What is the text mainly about
A.The storyworlds created by science fiction.
B.Artifacts and technologies in science fiction.
C.Science fiction narratives affecting future studies.
D.The relationship between science and future studies.
13.What is the most important role of science fiction
A.It provides us with technologies and tools.
B.It allows us to establish a reasonable future.
C.It helps us learn the rules of the fictional world.
D.It dominates our thinking and affects the future.
14.What do we know about “storyworlds”
A.There are general rules for a single story.
B.They have a potential context within a story.
C.There are no regulations or guiding systems.
D.They are the “universes” where stories happen.
15.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A.Scholars care little about narratives about the future.
B.Objects can’t be constructed by words or symbols.
C.The science of the future intervenes in today’s science.
D.Science fiction narratives can construct the future world.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Writing a great science fiction novel is a long, hard process. As with any novel, you’ll want to construct a satisfying plot, develop interesting characters, and write polished, vivid prose. 16
Remember that science fiction is about ideas. Different from other genres, a good science fiction story depends on a great imagination. 17 In sci fi, those questions can be implicit or explicit. For example, many early works of sci fi make their questions obvious. In The War of the Worlds, the question is: What would happen to human society if it were invaded(入侵) by technologically advanced aliens
18 It’s one thing to have a great idea or situation, but it’s another to have a story. While science fiction novels are often thought experiments, they also can’t just be thought experiments. That means you’re going to have to come up with an appealing story that brings these questions to life.Ask yourself: What is the change that will occur over the course of your story, either in the world or in the life of the main characters
Create an interesting world. 19 The intricately(错综复杂地) imagined details that make up your world should flow in some way from the idea at the heart of your story. In that way, the world you create in your sci fi novel also reveals something about your point of view on the real world. Even the most fantastically imagined story is still a reflection of real world questions and problems.
Make sure the rules of your world are consistent.One of the qualities that set sci fi novels apart from the works of fantasy and surrealism(超现实主义) is that no matter how strange or fantastic the world is, it still obeys internally consistent logic. 20 But instead of being absurd, it must be understandable and in order for it to feel believable.
A.Focus on character development.
B.Make sure you’re telling a good story.
C.That said, writing science fiction requires many unique considerations.
D.That logic will necessarily be different from the logic that governs reality.
E.Before you start writing, have some sense of the question your novel is asking.
F.A sci fi novel set in a technologically backward world would violate the rules of the reality.
G.World building is one of the most important parts of creating a compelling sci fi story.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Leslie Morissette’s son, Graham, was six years old when he was diagnosed with leukemia(白血病). Throughout Graham’s treatment in the hospital, he connected with everyone he met, from 21 patients to younger children. “He would 22 his toys to other sick children or act silly to make them laugh,” Morissette said. “Graham’s special spirit was what kept me 23 . He gave me the energies and the 24 to fight together with him.” In 1997, when he was eight years old, Graham passed away.
Inspired by how Graham lived his life caring about others, Morissette founded the 25 Grahamtastic Connection in his late son’s honor. The organization provides free technology—including computers, tablets and robots—for children 26 against cancer or other serious illnesses.
One of the major goals of Morissette’s work is to 27 kids to their classrooms. This helps them continue their education despite frequent hospitalization (住院治疗)and days 28 from school.
The robots “ 29 ” children right into the classroom in real time. They can 30 the robots right from their hospital beds or homes. If a child is unable to attend school, he can 31 turn on the tablet or laptop and 32 the robot. Children can walk up and down the school paths, and go to lunch with their friends. But the real magic happens 33 classes. The robots enable them to walk down the hallway with their friends, talking about their weekends, their favorite foods and other things. It’s a really great 34 that gives children the feeling of control, when their world is maybe out of control.
“Every time I can help a child in need, I feel 35 Graham were smiling,” Morissette said. “I believe that Graham’s love lives on in the work that I do. And I’m proud and privileged to be able to do it in his honor.”
21.A.lonely B.elderly C.daily D.lively
22.A.lend B.submit C.return D.apply
23.A.laughing B.imagining C.going D.lying
24.A.opinion B.warmth C.strength D.direction
25.A.associated B.nonprofit
C.unconditional D.appointed
26.A.reacting B.guarding C.going D.battling
27.A.invite B.show C.connect D.limit
28.A.gained B.missed C.suffered D.graduated
29.A.turn B.transform
C.exchange D.transport
30.A.build B.operate C.teach D.separate
31.A.hardly B.randomly C.mostly D.simply
32.A.call in B.catch on
C.give away D.leave behind
33.A.over B.during C.between D.within
34.A.responsibility B.ability
C.personality D.technology
35.A.as though B.in case C.even if D.so that
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Three Body, the Chinese TV adaptation of Liu Cixin’s sci fi novel The Three Body Problem, opened at 9:30 p.m. on Sunday on both CCTV 8 and the online platform Tencent Video. It broke the Tencent Video record in terms of the popularity 36 (generate) by a drama on its debut (首播) day, according to the platform, 37 is also a co producer of the show. Many web posts expressed viewers’ 38 (satisfy) with the long awaited show, praising its great job in restoring details of the original novel. 39 (ensure) the ingenuity (独创力) of the drama, many scenes 40 (shoot) in famous Chinese scientific institutes. According to previous reports, the team 41 (work)on it for four years and spent 126 days shooting, traveling to many places like Ningbo, Beijing and Heihe to film, and creating more than 270 film sets to 42 (precise) restore details of the original book. In a congratulatory message of Sunday’s release, Liu Cixin said he was also looking forward to the Three Body TV drama. “Fortunately, in our real life, 43 happened in the novel didn’t happen,” he said, 44 (note) that mankind won’t stop exploring and will continue to explore 45 unknown with courage.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华,中国国际展览中心(China International Exhibition Center)最近正在举办智能机器人展览。请给你的交换生朋友Arthur写一封邮件,邀请他一起去参观,内容包括:
1.时间和地点;
2.展览相关情况;
3.诚邀一同前往。
注意:写作词数应为80左右。
Dear Arthur,
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was 11:30 a.m., and the fishing had been a failure. Still, floating on the water 40 miles off the North Carolina coast was a great way to spend a lazy July day. It was really relaxing with calm seas, clear skies, and a breeze around them. There was not another boat in sight. Suddenly, Andrew Sherman, a 50 year old father from Roanoke, Virginia, saw a spot in the distance. As the spot approached, it started to look like a boat. “Jack,” he yelled at his 21 year old son, “someone’s headed straight towards us!”
Strangely, the boat was about to crash into the side of their boat. Andrew sped their boat up as quickly as he could to avoid being crashed. The Shermans stared in surprise. Four fishing lines out, music blaring(发出响而刺耳的声音)—it was an average recreational fishing boat, except there wasn’t a person in sight. The boat owner must have gone below into the cabin, leaving his boat sailing along at 10 mph.
“We must follow it,” Andrew said.
As their boat got close to it, they shouted, “Hey! Hey!” But there was no response. A horrifying new thought flashed through their minds: The boat owner had gone below and suffered a heart attack, or fell into the water.
Andrew moved their boat alongside the other while Jack leaped onto the other boat. He managed to bring the boat to a stop and rushed down into the cabin. He came back up a moment later. “Empty,” he said.
Astonished, the father and son said at the same time, “What happened ”
The two men could have left it, but they were curious. The boat’s GPS system indicated that the missing boat owner had marked(标记)points along his route indicating good fishing spots. Then the points suddenly stopped a few miles back.
注意:续写词数应为150左右.
Paragraph 1:
Immediately, they headed for that last point.
Paragraph 2:
To their relief, the boat owner was conscious.
单元达标检测
UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION
1.A 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.B
8.A 9.B 10.C 11.C 12.C 13.D 14.D
15.D 16.C 17.E 18.B 19.G 20.D 21.B
22.A 23.C 24.C 25.B 26.D 27.C 28.B
29.D 30.B 31.D 32.A 33.C 34.D 35.A
36.generated 37.which 38.satisfaction 39.To ensure 40.were shot 41.worked 42.precisely 43.what 44.noting 45.the
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本书,包括它们的作者和主要内容。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第三个表格中的“taking the main character, Dr. Elwin Ransom, outside of Earth”以及“When Ransom returns to Earth”可知,Dr. Elwin Ransom来自地球。故选A。
2.D 细节理解题。根据最后一个表格中的第一句可知1953年这部极珍贵的小说中的未来社会因技术而变得更糟。故选D。
3.A 细节理解题。根据四个表格中的细节:
表格一 Published in 1897,this science fiction has inspired countless novels since then自1897年出版以来,这部科幻小说赋予了无数小说灵感
表格二 ...is widely considered the greatest epic of science fiction ……被广泛认为是最伟大的科幻史诗
表格三 ...taking the main character, Dr.Elwin Ransom, outside of Earth and to the planets of Mars and Venus……把主人公Dr. Elwin Ransom带到了地球之外的火星和金星
表格四 The future society in the priceless 1953 novel is made worse by technology. 1953年这部极珍贵的小说中的未来社会因技术而变得更糟。
可知,这四种书的共同特点是:它们都展示了一个想象的世界。故选A。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。作者和父亲都热爱科幻小说,它不仅帮助作者和父亲建立了深厚的感情,而且帮助作者塑造了对未来的希望。
4.C 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知,有些父亲和儿子会因为运动、钓鱼或打猎而增进感情,但作者和父亲却因为《星际迷航》而增进感情。故选C。
5.D 推理判断题。根据第二段尤其是最后两句“我们两个人都在想着它们,不需要说一句话。所有这些对其他宇宙的想象共同为我和父亲创造了一个私人的宇宙。”可知,该段主要叙述了作者和父亲共同的爱好及其相关经历,说明了他们之间的良好关系。故选D。
6.A 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知,科幻小说不仅影响了作者和父亲的关系,还帮助作者塑造了对未来的希望。作者现在是一名科幻小说作家。故选A。
7.B 主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句可知,作者相信科幻小说的力量,不仅因为它能把梦想变成现实,还因为它能把那些对未来有着共同愿景的人联系在一起。后文主要讲述了作者和父亲都热爱科幻小说,它不仅帮助作者和父亲建立了深厚的感情,而且帮助作者塑造了对未来的希望。因此,“科幻小说的力量”最适合作为文章标题。故选B。
C
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了玛丽·雪莱的人生经历和她创作的科幻小说《弗兰肯斯坦》。
8.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知,这个故事被一遍又一遍地讲述——不仅在书中,在电影和电视节目中也是如此。由此可知,《弗兰肯斯坦》存在于不同的艺术形式中,故选A。
9.B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后四句可知,这本书的创作和玛丽·雪莱的悲惨生活有关。她的母亲在生下她十天后去世了,她知道一个孩子没有母亲意味着什么。玛丽·雪莱创作一个没有母亲的生物——一个在世界上非常孤独的生物的故事就不足为奇了。由此可知,玛丽·雪莱与她创作的小说中的怪物的共同之处是他们都感到孤独。故选B。
10.C 推理判断题。根据第三段第四句可知,作者提到玛丽·雪莱的苦难经历是为了让读者更好地理解她的这部作品。故选C。
11.C 词义猜测题。结合画线词所在句和前文内容可知,玛丽·雪莱于1851年2月1日死于脑癌,但她小说中的怪物至今仍非常活跃。根据语境可推断,这是她的文学留给后人最重要的东西,即“遗产”。故选C。
D
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科幻小说叙事影响了未来的研究。
12.C 主旨大意题。文章第一段点明科幻小说和科学之间有着深刻的关系;第二段讲到利用科幻小说来探索我们的世界塑造了我们对未来的看法;第四段讲到科幻小说帮助我们定义可能的未来。最后一段谈到在写科幻小说时,我们介入了未来的科学。再结合四个选项可知,本文主要讲科幻小说叙事影响未来的研究。C项符合文章主旨。
13.D 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“但最重要的是,它影响了我们构建科学思想和干预未来的方式。”可知,科幻小说最重要的作用是它影响我们的思维并影响未来。故选D项。
14.D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“The richness of ‘storyworlds’—the ‘universes’ within which stories take place(丰富的‘故事世界’——故事发生的‘宇宙’)”可知,故事世界是指故事发生的“宇宙”。故选D项。
15.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后三句“在叙述中,我们介入了世界。在叙述世界时,我们构建了世界。在写科幻小说时,我们介入了未来的科学。”可推知,科幻叙事可以构建未来世界。故选D项。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。创作科幻小说是一个漫长且艰难的过程。文章说明了在科幻小说的创作中需要考虑的几个独特因素。
16.C 过渡句。由空前句可知,创作科幻小说和创作其他任何小说一样,创作者都想要构建一个令人满意的情节、发展有趣的角色,写优雅、生动的散文。C项中的“That said(话虽如此)”“requires many unique considerations(需要很多独特的考虑因素)”是对上一句的转折,同时引出本文的主题——写科幻小说时要考虑的几个因素,起到了承上启下的作用。故选C。
17.E 细节句。空后句“In sci fi, those questions can be implicit or explicit.”说在科幻小说中,那些问题可以是含蓄的,也可以是明确的。其中“those questions”与E项中的“have some sense of the question”相呼应,而且下文举例说明写科幻小说所提出的问题,多次提到question(s)。故选E。
18.B 主旨句。该空位于段首,应为该段的主旨句。空后句谈到有了好的想法或情景并不意味着就有了一个故事;B项中的“telling a good story”与空后句及下文中的“have a story”和“come up with an appealing story”相呼应。所以本段主要说明科幻小说要有吸引人的故事。故选B。
19.G 细节句。由此段首句“Create an interesting world.”可知本段介绍要创造一个有趣的世界,G项中的“World building”与“Create an interesting world”语义相符。所以G项(创造世界是创作一个引人入胜的科幻故事最重要的部分之一)符合该段的主题。故选G。
20.D 细节句。空前句表明无论那个世界多么奇怪或者荒诞,它仍然遵循内在一致的逻辑;D项(那种逻辑必然与支配现实的逻辑不同)中的“That logic”指的就是空前句中的“internally consistent logic”。故选D。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了Leslie Morissette有感于儿子Graham生病时对他人的态度,在儿子去世后,建立了一个非营利性组织,为与疾病作斗争的孩子免费提供电脑和机器人等技术设备的故事。
21.B 在医院接受治疗的整个过程中,Graham与他遇到的每一个人都建立了良好的关系,和“younger”对应的是“elderly”,故选B项。
22.A 根据设空处下文可知,Graham经常会逗他们开心,说明他关心那些生病的孩子,因此“把自己的玩具借给他们”符合语境,故选A项。
23.C 根据下文Morissette所做的事可知,Graham的精神促使Morissette继续前进。故选C项。
24.C 根据空前的“He gave me the energies and”可知,设空处与and前的“energies”并列,意义相关。故选C项。
25.B 根据下文可知,Morissette为了纪念已故的儿子而创办了一个组织,为与疾病作斗争的孩子提供免费的技术设备,因此这是个非营利性组织。故选B项。
26.D 根据上下文可知,Morissette因为被儿子Graham在生病期间乐于助人的精神鼓舞,所以在尽力帮助那些生病的孩子。故此处是指与疾病作斗争的孩子。故选D项。
27.C 根据下文“This helps them continue their education...”可知,这有助于他们在频繁住院和缺课太多的情况下继续接受教育。因此,Morissette是要通过科技为这些孩子建立和教室之间的联系,帮助他们在无法去学校的情况下学习。故选C项。
28.B 根据前面的“frequent hospitalization”可知,这些孩子需要经常住院,所以会经常缺课。故选B项。
29.D 由下文可知,Morissette通过科技为没办法去教室上课的生病的孩子建立了他们和教室之间的联系, 即运用科技手段用另一种形式把孩子们“运送”到教室里,让他们可以在病床上或家里通过操纵机器人来上课。故选D项。
30.B 根据下文可知,孩子们可以用他们的平板电脑或笔记本电脑来操纵机器人。故选B项。
31.D 根据上下文可知,孩子只需要打开平板电脑或笔记本电脑便可以操纵机器人。故选D项。
32.A 根据上文可知,机器人可以帮孩子“进入”教室, 孩子通过电脑操纵机器人,因此是打开电脑后找机器人帮忙。call in表示“召来,叫来”。故选A项。
33.C 根据下文可知,孩子们可以通过机器人和同学散步、畅聊等,这些事应该是发生在课间。故选C项。
34.D 根据上文可知,孩子们通过笔记本电脑或平板电脑操控机器人是这个组织提供的免费技术, 故此处是说这项科技很棒。故选D项。
35.A Graham已经去世,此处用了虚拟语气,表示“每次我能帮助一个需要帮助的孩子时,我都会觉得好像Graham在微笑”。故选A项。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了电视剧《三体》。
36.generated 考查过去分词作定语。句意:同时作为该剧的联合制作方,腾讯视频表示,该剧在首播当天就打破了腾讯视频的电视剧人气纪录。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语,所以设空处应填非谓语动词,generate与其逻辑主语popularity构成被动关系(generate the popularity),故用过去分词作定语。故填generated。
37.which 考查定语从句。设空处前面内容意思完整,后面内容缺少主语,且主语指的就是前面的the platform,所以设空处引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中作主语,先行词为the platform,指物。故填which。
38.satisfaction 考查名词。由前面的动词expressed 和名词所有格viewers’可知应用名词satisfaction(不可数名词)。故填satisfaction。
39.To ensure 考查不定式作目的状语。句意:为了保证该剧的独创性,许多场景都是在中国著名的科学研究所拍摄的。这里应用不定式作目的状语。注意句首单词首字母要大写。故填To ensure。
40.were shot 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,设空处为句子的谓语,文章通篇都在描述过去的事情,所以设空处应用一般过去时,且scenes 与shoot之间是被动关系,因此用被动语态,主语scenes为复数概念,故填were shot。
41.worked 考查时态。根据“According to previous reports”以及“and spent”可知此处应用一般过去时,故填worked。
42.precisely 考查副词。修饰动词restore应用副词precisely。
43.what 考查主语从句引导词。分析句子结构可知,“ 43 happened in the novel”在句中作主语,所以设空处引导主语从句,从句缺少主语,指事情。故填what。
44.noting 考查现在分词作状语。分析句子结构可知,前面已有谓语,且逗号后无连词,所以设空处应用非谓语动词作状语,句子的主语he和note之间是主动关系,故应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填noting。
45.the 考查冠词。the unknown表示“未知的事物”。故填the。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Dear Arthur,
How have you been recently There is an impressive collection of smart robots on show at China International Exhibition Center from January 5, lasting for 3 days.
The exhibition shows the latest technologies and related products from home and abroad. Visitors can enjoy fun interaction with many clever robots, which not only demonstrate the dramatic development of high technology but also arouse their interest in robotic science.
Would you like to visit the exhibition along with me I’m sure you will benefit a lot from it. Looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
Immediately, they headed for that last point. From there, the two boats made ever enlarging circles for the next hour. With Jack almost giving up hope, Andrew persevered in continuing the search, a journey no easier than looking for a needle in a haystack. He couldn’t ignore the fact that the lost boat owner would probably be alive and was growing weary minute by minute in the endless sea. He kept going on, moving north a bit, then south. And then he moved back up north again and then south again. Another hour later, his persistence paid off. Andrew eventually spotted a struggling figure in the distant water.
Paragraph 2:
To their relief, the boat owner was conscious. When Andrew finally reached the man he and his son had been seeking for about two hours, a relieved smile rippled round his lips.“You have no idea how happy I am to see you,” he said,pulling him aboard. Only then did the whole thing dawn on the boat owner. The two men embraced each other as if they had known each other for ages. Other than leg cramps, the boat owner was fine. He’d been saved from drowning and was grateful that the father and son had taken trouble to search for him.
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