2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步练习题--UNIT 2 Part 1 Reading and Thinking（答案与解析）
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2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步
UNIT 2 ICONIC ATTRACTIONS
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.With our (共同的) efforts, we succeeded in finishing our work and got a big bonus.
2.2023 saw the popularity of the Zibo (烧烤), which was a must try of the city.
Ⅱ.一词多义
1.She plans to start a foundation for homeless children.词义:
2.The organization has grown enormously since its foundation in 1955. 词义:
3.He laid the foundation of the science of bacteriology. 词义:
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.Upon our arrival, Vira’s family entertained us tirelessly to make us feel home.
2.Many people come to see the unique flower that is native this part of the island.
3.Ronald Reagan’s love for (politics) work led him to become President of the United States.
4. (personal) speaking, it’s not necessary to pronounce words as the native speakers.
5. (locate) in the heart of Beijing, the Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, is a place worth visiting.
6.The National Aquatics Center, also (refer) to as the “Water Cube”, had been transformed into the “Ice Cube” for the Winter Olympic Games.
Ⅳ.选词填空
make up;lead to;major in;in close contact with;play an important part in
Tom 1. music when he was in college and music 2. his life. After graduation, he kept 3. his best friend,Adam. They shared a common interest and formed a band, which was 4. of four members.Unfortunately,some differences 5. the breakup of the band,which turned out to be a failure.
Ⅴ.完成句子
1.在中国无论他到哪里旅行,他总是先参观博物馆。(wherever)
He always visits the museums first in China.
2.我认为到我们对这种分组方式做一些改变的时候了。(time)
I think some changes to the grouping method.(2023全国新高考Ⅰ写作)
3.据说它是一座美丽的现代化城市,拥有令人叹为观止的自然景观,其中西湖是著名的旅游景点。(it;介词+关系代词)
it is a beautiful modern city with breathtaking natural sights, the West Lake is a well known tourist attraction.
4.他迫不及待地把成绩告诉妈妈,眼睛闪闪发光,脸上洋溢着喜悦。(wait; with复合结构)
He the grade to Mum, with eyes shining and the .(读后续写—神态描写)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Located to the south of the equator, below many other countries on the globe, Australia is often 1 (informal) referred to as “down under”.
A lot of typical Australian food originally comes from the UK. The influence of Asian cultures,on the other hand, resulted in the 2 (introduce) of bean curd and Asian herbs, along with Australian versions of foods like the Chinese inspired dim sim.
The Aborigines are native to Australia. Their population might be small, 3 its influence is still visible. 4 (survive) in this vast land on the ocean, they had to be in close contact with nature. This shows in their music, too, 5 celebrates both the natural world and the spiritual world around them. Most of their musical instruments are just sticks 6 (find) on the ground, and one of them is an 7 (amaze) instrument—the didgeridoo.
What is the most impressive is the complicated mix of peoples and cultures. While the main cultural influence since 1788 8 (be) Western culture, minority cultures have also played a role in shaping the unique Australian culture, 9 many of the new cultural influences contributed by immigrants. Now nearly half of all Australian 10 (citizen) were said either to be born overseas or to have parents who were born overseas.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2022浙江杭州富阳二中阶段练习)
Famous Modern Chinese Buildings
The Beijing Capital International Airport
The premier place most visitors see when they arrive in China is the Beijing Capital International Airport. The airport was constructed in the 1950s. It has an indoor garden, a children’s playground, and over 70 food businesses in Terminal 3 alone.
The Shanghai World Financial Center
Completed in 2008, the SWFC took over 10 years to complete due to financial shortages and the construction delays. Since its completion, it has won countless architectural awards. Tourists are welcome at the SWFC’s viewing platform, which is the world’s highest closed viewing platform.
The Water Cube
It was constructed for use during the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics. Now visitors can express surprise at the architecture of the building. They can enjoy the indoor atmosphere as well. Among the offerings of the Water Cube are a restaurant, a bar, a shopping area, and the Water World, a water theme park.
The Bird’s Nest
It was designed mainly for the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics. It can hold up to 91,000 people. Nowadays, it also functions as a tourist attraction. Its main income is from tourism. It draws more than 20,000 tourists every day.
The National Centre for the Performing Arts
It was completed in 2007. The grand building is surrounded by a man made lake, requiring guests to enter via an underground hallway. It is home to an opera hall, a music hall, and a theatre.
1.Which of the following buildings was first constructed
A.The Beijing Capital International Airport.
B.The Shanghai World Financial Center.
C.The Water Cube.
D.The Bird’s Nest.
2.Why was the construction of the Shanghai World Financial Center delayed
A.It needed more construction workers.
B.It was short of money.
C.It added an extra viewing platform.
D.It faced too much terrible weather.
3.What can you do in the National Centre for the Performing Arts
A.Enjoy sports events. B.Eat various foods.
C.Attend science lectures. D.Watch different performances.
B
(2023山西太原联考)
In valleys with thick plants, different sized round and square buildings with faded yellow clay walls and wooden roofs, tulou, lie in mountainous villages in Longyan, Fujian Province. There are more than 23,000 tulou in Yongding, which became well known after 46 were given World Heritage status by UNESCO in 2008. “The structures were awarded the title because they are exceptional examples of buildings of tradition and function, demonstrating a particular type of communal(共有的) living and defensive organization, and, in terms of their harmonious relationship with their environment, an outstanding example of the human settlement,” UNESCO said.
The giant multi storied tulou buildings were built with wood and mud walls. Constructed from the 15th to 20th centuries, these massive communal homes were sited based on feng shui principles, which claim to use energy forces to make individuals harmonize with their environment. Tulou were also purposefully built amid tea, tobacco, rice plantations and abundant forests of pine and bamboo.
Throughout history,tulou residents have mostly been Hakkas—migrants from the north of China. Population pressures created conflict between the Hakkas and their neighbors, so they built their homes to double as defences. The buildings are mainly four or five stories high. The first floor serves as the kitchen, the second is used for grain storage and the upper floors act as living areas. The structures are mainly symmetrical(对称的), and their defensive features include ironclad gates, escape tunnels, narrow openings for weapons under the dark tiled roofs, and a water well. For their defensive function, only rooms on the third floor and above have windows, which are very small. With sufficient food, the residents can survive in the event of a lengthy conflict.
Communal living is integral to these villages, where the closed wall design boosts social interaction. Residents gather in the courtyard for ceremonies such as ancestor worship and weddings. The Tulou building is such an extraordinary piece of architecture, living up to the title given by UNESCO.
4.What do we know about tulou
A.Over 23,000 tulou were given World Heritage status.
B.Among 23,000 tulou, only 46 became famous globally.
C.They’re exceptional buildings of tradition and function.
D.Tulou are the most outstanding Chinese human settlement.
5.What is most important for residents during a long period of conflict
A.Escape tunnels. B.Enough food. C.Small windows. D.Defensive weapons.
6.What is probably the author’s attitude to the protection of tulou
A.Favorable. B.Unclear. C.Negative. D.Unconcerned.
7.Which of the following could be the best title for the text
A.Tulou: in Harmony with Their Environment
B.Tulou: Different Sized Round and Square Buildings
C.Tulou: Given the World Heritage Status by UNESCO in 2008
D.Tulou: a Special Chinese Structure Combining Living and Defending
Ⅲ.七选五
(2023云南师大附中期中)
The country of Egypt in northeastern Africa is famous as a world class tourist spot. The mysterious ancient pyramids are its most appealing attraction, but not the only one. 1
Like many parts of the earth, the desert was once in the water. It gets its name from the large white rocks and white sand drifts (沙堆) that have been formed by many years of erosion and weathering. 2 Many people then enjoy viewing the White Desert near sunrise or sunset because the angle of the light creates a golden tone and its surroundings become fascinatingly pink and orange. It is also known that the desert looks best on a full moon night, which glows blue and silver.
Located about 370 km southwest of the capital, it is a five hour drive from Cairo to the White Desert. Many tour companies offer multi day tours and activities to explore the area. Camping in tents is a romantic experience. 3 Most tours of the White Desert will include a visit to the Crystal Mountain. There is also the Black Desert nearby, which many tours will include.
4 The unique environment is full of wonders and it is amazing to see how life has adapted to the environment there. Bedouins use the sand of the desert like an oven to cook authentic traditional food, which you can enjoy. Desert animals usually sleep during the day in holes or tunnels underground to stay cool, coming out when it is cooler. 5 Only some kinds of plants can live in desert which have a way to keep water in their stems, leaves or trunks. They also have a large root system to gather up all the possible water when it rains.
A.The white sand reflects the light from the sky.
B.You can even find some fossils of marine life.
C.The desert comes in a variety of colors in the daytime.
D.Sandboarding is a fresh sport that can be done on large sand drifts.
E.However, the real charm of a desert tour is not in shining attractions.
F.You might be visited by the local fox looking for your dinner leftovers.
G.The White Desert has recently been gaining in popularity with adventure travelers.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅳ.写作
(2023广东韶关期中)
假定你是李华,你的英国好友Jim打算暑假期间来中国旅游,他写邮件希望你能推荐一处旅游胜地。请你给他回一封邮件,内容包括:
1.你的建议;
2.你的理由;
3.你的期望。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear Jim,
Yours,
Li Hua
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 2 ICONIC ATTRACTIONS
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.joint 2.barbecue
Ⅱ.1.基金会 句意:她计划为无家可归的儿童成立一个基金会。
2.创建,建立 句意:该组织自1955年建立以来已有重大发展。
3.基础 句意:他奠定了细菌学科学的基础。
Ⅲ.1.at 考查介词。feel at home意为“感到无拘无束”,是固定搭配。故填at。
2.to 考查介词。be native to意为“原产于,原生于”,是固定搭配,故填介词to。
3.political 考查形容词。句意:罗纳德·里根对政治工作的热爱使他成为美国的总统。修饰名词work应用形容词,politics是名词,其形容词形式为political。故填political。
4.Personally 考查副词。personally speaking意为“就我个人而言”。句首单词首字母大写,故填Personally。句意:就我个人而言,没有必要把单词的音发得和母语人士一样。
5.Located 考查过去分词。句意:故宫,又称紫禁城,位于北京市中心,是一个值得游览的地方。be located in意为“位于……”,设空处位于句首作状语,故填过去分词Located。
6.referred 考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语,故设空处应使用非谓语动词。refer to...as...意为“把……称为……”, 分析语境可知这里指refer to the National Aquatics Center as the “Water Cube”, The National Aquatics Center和refer to之间是被动关系,故应用过去分词作定语。句意:国家游泳中心,也被称为“水立方”,已被改造成冬奥会使用的“冰立方”。
Ⅳ.1.majored in 2.played an important part in 3.in close contact with 4.made up 5.led to
Ⅴ.1.wherever he travels 2.it is about/high time that we made 3.It is said that;among which 4.couldn’t wait to tell;face filled with/full of joy
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.informally 考查副词。设空处修饰谓语is referred,所以用副词作状语。故填informally。
2.introduction 考查名词。此处构成“the+名词+of...”的结构。故填introduction。
3.but 考查连词。空格前面说澳大利亚土著人口可能很少,后面说其影响仍然明显。故设空处前后为转折关系,应用表示转折意义的并列连词but。
4.To survive 考查动词不定式。句意:为了在海洋上的这片辽阔的陆地上生存,他们必须与大自然保持密切的联系。此处用动词不定式短语作目的状语,且位于句首,故填To survive。
5.which 考查定语从句。设空处无提示词且空前有逗号隔开,逗号前内容意思完整,逗号后内容缺少主语,结合语境可知缺少的主语即前面的music,所以推知此处是非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词music,先行词在从句中作主语,故填which。句意:这也表现在他们的音乐中,他们的音乐赞美他们周围的自然世界和精神世界。
6.found 考查过去分词。设空处所在句中已有谓语,所以此处用非谓语动词的形式,提示词find与名词sticks之间是被动关系,所以用其过去分词形式作后置定语,修饰sticks。故填found。
7.amazing 考查形容词。设空处前是冠词,空后是名词,所以此处用形容词作定语,修饰名词 instrument,该处修饰事物,表示“令人惊叹的”,故填amazing。
8.has been 考查时态和主谓一致。根据since 1788可知,此处用现在完成时,主语the main cultural influence为单数形式,故填has been。
9.with 考查介词。空格后为“名词短语+过去分词”结构,故推测此处是with的复合结构,即“with+名词+过去分词(短语)”结构作状语。故填with。句意:虽然自1788年以来主要的产生影响的文化是西方文化,但少数民族文化在塑造独特的澳大利亚文化的过程中也起到了作用,很多新的有影响的文化是由移民贡献的。
10.citizens 考查名词复数。根据设空处前面的all可以判断,此处用名词的复数形式。故填citizens。
Ⅱ.A
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文,文章主要介绍了五个著名的中国现代建筑。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The airport was constructed in the 1950s.(该机场建于20世纪50年代)”;第二段中的“Completed in 2008, the SWFC...(2008年建成的上海环球金融中心……)”;第三段中的“It was constructed for use during the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics.(它是为2008年北京夏季奥运会使用而建造的)”;第四段中的“It was designed mainly for the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics.(它主要是为2008年北京夏季奥运会而设计的)”以及最后一段中的“It was completed in 2007.(它于2007年完工)”可知,北京首都国际机场是最先建造的。故选A。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Completed in 2008, the SWFC took over 10 years to complete due to financial shortages and the construction delays.(2008年建成的上海环球金融中心,由于资金短缺和施工延误,花了十多年时间才建成)”可知,资金短缺导致上海环球金融中心的建设被推迟了。故选B。
3.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It is home to an opera hall, a music hall, and a theatre.(它是一个歌剧院、一个音乐厅和一个剧院的所在地)”可知,在中国国家大剧院你能观看不同的表演。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.construct v.建造;修建 2.financial adj.财政的;金融的 3.shortage n.短缺;不足 4.delay n.延误;延期 5.platform n.平台;讲台;舞台 6.architecture n.建筑设计,建筑风格 7.atmosphere n.气氛,环境
8.function v.起作用 9.surround v.围绕,环绕 10.be home to...是……的所在地
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的土楼,包括其建造特点、功能等。
4.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中最后一句“联合国教科文组织表示:‘这些建筑获得这个称号是因为它们是传统和功能建筑的杰出典范,展示了一种特殊类型的集体生活和防御性组织,而且就它们与环境的和谐关系而言,它们是人类居住地的杰出典范。’”可知,土楼是传统和功能建筑的杰出典范。故选C。
5.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“有了充足的食物,居民们可以在长期的冲突中生存下来。”可知,在长期的冲突中,对居民来说最重要的是足够的食物。故选B。
学科思维 本题的关键在于针对设题中的“during a long period of conflict”在文章中找到对应的信息。文中没有出现完全相同的表达,而是在倒数第二段最后一句中出现了一个近义表达“in the event of a lengthy conflict”,如果学生能猜出lengthy的大概意思,这个题就找到了线索。在英语阅读题目线索的寻找过程中,对于一些派生词意思的理解至关重要,如本题中的lengthy我们可能见的不多,但是与它形近的length却是高中阶段见的比较多的单词,这两个词在意思上肯定有相似之处,length可以表示时间的长短,lengthy也就可以用来形容时间之长。学生在阅读时要注意用类似方法去猜测词义。
6.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“土楼是如此非凡的建筑,无愧于联合国教科文组织授予的称号。”可推知,作者对土楼保护的态度可能是支持的。故选A。
7.D 主旨大意题。文章第一段主要介绍了联合国教科文组织对土楼的评价;第二段介绍了土楼建造使用的材料和遵循风水的建造原则;第三段主要介绍了土楼的结构和防御功能;最后一段介绍了土楼促进社交,方便居民生活。结合四个选项(A.土楼:与环境协调;B.土楼:不同大小的圆的和方的建筑;C.土楼:在2008年被联合国教科文组织给予世界遗产地位;D.土楼:中国独特的居住与防御相结合的建筑)可知,D选项最符合文章主旨。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.status n.地位;身份 2.demonstrate vt.展示;证明;表现 3.in terms of在……方面;就……而言 4.massive adj.大规模的 5.claim v.宣称,声称
6.individual n.个人 7.abundant adj.大量的;充裕的
8.boost vt.促进 9.live up to符合;不辜负
【差距词汇】 1.amid prep.在……中,四周是
2.plantation n.种植园 3.double as兼作 4.in the event of 倘若,万一,如果……发生
长难句
原句 “The structures were awarded the title because they are exceptional examples of buildings of tradition and function, demonstrating a particular type of communal living and defensive organization, and, in terms of their harmonious relationship with their environment, an outstanding example of the human settlement,” UNESCO said.
分析 本句中because引导原因状语从句。“demonstrating...organization”为现在分词短语作状语。两个逗号之间的and连接are后面两个并列的表语exceptional examples和an outstanding example。in terms of短语为插入语。
译文 联合国教科文组织表示:“这些建筑获得这个称号是因为它们是传统和功能建筑的杰出典范,展示了一种特殊类型的集体生活和防御组织,而且就它们与环境的和谐关系而言,它们是人类居住地的杰出典范。”
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了埃及的世界级旅游景点——白沙漠。
1.G 过渡句。 上文讲到,非洲东北部的埃及是著名的世界级旅游景点。古老神秘的金字塔是它最吸引人的景点,但不是唯一的。下面几段都在介绍埃及的另一个景点——白沙漠。所以设空处应起到承上启下的作用,从金字塔过渡到白沙漠。选项G “白沙漠最近在冒险旅行者中越来越受欢迎”符合语境。故选G。
2.A 细节句。 下文讲到许多人喜欢在日出或日落前后观看白沙漠,因为光线的角度会产生金色的色调,周围的环境会变成迷人的粉红色和橙色。选项A “白色的沙子反射来自天空的光线”解释了下文,符合语境。故选A。
易错归因 本题易误选C项,因为C项中也谈到了颜色,与下文中的golden、pink 和 orange呼应。需要注意的是,虽然C项和下文都谈到了颜色,但相比A项,C项并未对下文产生解释的作用,在衔接紧密度上不及A项。
3.D 细节句。本段第二句谈到很多旅游公司提供为期多日的旅游和活动。第三句介绍了在帐篷里野营这个活动,是对第二句中提到的活动的举例。选项D“滑沙是一项新鲜的运动,可以在大沙堆上进行”与第三句并列,也是对第二句中提到的活动的举例。故选D。
4.E 主旨句。 设空处位于句首,为本段主旨句。设空处下一句谈到,独特的环境充满了奇迹,看到那里的生命是如何适应环境的真是令人惊讶。下面几句则具体介绍了那里的人、动物和植物是如何适应环境的。由此可知,本段所介绍的不是景点,而是那里的人和动植物,选项E“然而,沙漠之旅的真正魅力不在于闪光的景点”符合题意。故选E。
5.F 细节句。 上文讲到沙漠动物通常白天睡在地下的洞或隧道里以保持凉爽,天气凉爽时再出来,由此推测它们出来时可能是在凉爽的晚上,选项F“当地的狐狸可能会来找你的晚餐剩菜”承接上文,符合语境。故选F。
【高频词汇】 1.mysterious adj.神秘的 2.appealing adj.吸引人的 3.fascinatingly adv.有吸引力地,迷人地
4.romantic adj.浪漫的 5.adapt to适应
【差距词汇】 1.erosion n.侵蚀 2.weathering n.风化 3.authentic adj.地道的;真正的
长难句
原句 It is also known that the desert looks best on a full moon night, which glows blue and silver.
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。It作形式主语,that引导的从句是真正的主语,which引导的是非限制性定语从句,修饰desert。
译文 众所周知,在满月的夜晚沙漠看起来最好,因为它会发出蓝色和银色的光。
Ⅳ.One possible version:
Dear Jim,
I’m pleased that you’re coming to tour in China. I think Dalian is an ideal choice. The reasons are as follows.
First of all, Dalian has a cool climate and superb beaches, which is one of the most attractive tourist destinations in summer in China. More importantly, Dalian is a city combining the ancient culture with modern dynamism. You can see not only historical sites but also modern buildings there. Last but not least, the annual Dalian International Beer Festival will be held, during which you can have a taste of a diversity of delicacies.
Looking forward to your arrival.
Yours,
Li Hua
1.重点词汇
①superb adj.卓越的
②dynamism n.活力
③historical adj.历史的
④diversity n.不同事物,多样性
⑤delicacy n.佳肴
2.亮点句型
① First of all, Dalian has a cool climate and superb beaches, which is one of the most attractive tourist destinations in summer in China.(which引导非限制性定语从句) 首先,大连有凉爽的气候和一流的海滩,是中国夏季最具吸引力的旅游目的地之一。
②Last but not least, the annual Dalian International Beer Festival will be held, during which you can have a taste of a diversity of delicacies.(“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句) 最后但同样重要的是,一年一度的大连国际啤酒节将举行,在此期间,你可以品尝到各种各样的美食。
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步
UNIT 2 ICONIC ATTRACTIONS
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.With our (共同的) efforts, we succeeded in finishing our work and got a big bonus.
2.2023 saw the popularity of the Zibo (烧烤), which was a must try of the city.
Ⅱ.一词多义
1.She plans to start a foundation for homeless children.词义:
2.The organization has grown enormously since its foundation in 1955. 词义:
3.He laid the foundation of the science of bacteriology. 词义:
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.Upon our arrival, Vira’s family entertained us tirelessly to make us feel home.
2.Many people come to see the unique flower that is native this part of the island.
3.Ronald Reagan’s love for (politics) work led him to become President of the United States.
4. (personal) speaking, it’s not necessary to pronounce words as the native speakers.
5. (locate) in the heart of Beijing, the Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, is a place worth visiting.
6.The National Aquatics Center, also (refer) to as the “Water Cube”, had been transformed into the “Ice Cube” for the Winter Olympic Games.
Ⅳ.选词填空
make up;lead to;major in;in close contact with;play an important part in
Tom 1. music when he was in college and music 2. his life. After graduation, he kept 3. his best friend,Adam. They shared a common interest and formed a band, which was 4. of four members.Unfortunately,some differences 5. the breakup of the band,which turned out to be a failure.
Ⅴ.完成句子
1.在中国无论他到哪里旅行,他总是先参观博物馆。(wherever)
He always visits the museums first in China.
2.我认为到我们对这种分组方式做一些改变的时候了。(time)
I think some changes to the grouping method.(2023全国新高考Ⅰ写作)
3.据说它是一座美丽的现代化城市,拥有令人叹为观止的自然景观,其中西湖是著名的旅游景点。(it;介词+关系代词)
it is a beautiful modern city with breathtaking natural sights, the West Lake is a well known tourist attraction.
4.他迫不及待地把成绩告诉妈妈,眼睛闪闪发光,脸上洋溢着喜悦。(wait; with复合结构)
He the grade to Mum, with eyes shining and the .(读后续写—神态描写)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Located to the south of the equator, below many other countries on the globe, Australia is often 1 (informal) referred to as “down under”.
A lot of typical Australian food originally comes from the UK. The influence of Asian cultures,on the other hand, resulted in the 2 (introduce) of bean curd and Asian herbs, along with Australian versions of foods like the Chinese inspired dim sim.
The Aborigines are native to Australia. Their population might be small, 3 its influence is still visible. 4 (survive) in this vast land on the ocean, they had to be in close contact with nature. This shows in their music, too, 5 celebrates both the natural world and the spiritual world around them. Most of their musical instruments are just sticks 6 (find) on the ground, and one of them is an 7 (amaze) instrument—the didgeridoo.
What is the most impressive is the complicated mix of peoples and cultures. While the main cultural influence since 1788 8 (be) Western culture, minority cultures have also played a role in shaping the unique Australian culture, 9 many of the new cultural influences contributed by immigrants. Now nearly half of all Australian 10 (citizen) were said either to be born overseas or to have parents who were born overseas.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2022浙江杭州富阳二中阶段练习)
Famous Modern Chinese Buildings
The Beijing Capital International Airport
The premier place most visitors see when they arrive in China is the Beijing Capital International Airport. The airport was constructed in the 1950s. It has an indoor garden, a children’s playground, and over 70 food businesses in Terminal 3 alone.
The Shanghai World Financial Center
Completed in 2008, the SWFC took over 10 years to complete due to financial shortages and the construction delays. Since its completion, it has won countless architectural awards. Tourists are welcome at the SWFC’s viewing platform, which is the world’s highest closed viewing platform.
The Water Cube
It was constructed for use during the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics. Now visitors can express surprise at the architecture of the building. They can enjoy the indoor atmosphere as well. Among the offerings of the Water Cube are a restaurant, a bar, a shopping area, and the Water World, a water theme park.
The Bird’s Nest
It was designed mainly for the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics. It can hold up to 91,000 people. Nowadays, it also functions as a tourist attraction. Its main income is from tourism. It draws more than 20,000 tourists every day.
The National Centre for the Performing Arts
It was completed in 2007. The grand building is surrounded by a man made lake, requiring guests to enter via an underground hallway. It is home to an opera hall, a music hall, and a theatre.
1.Which of the following buildings was first constructed
A.The Beijing Capital International Airport.
B.The Shanghai World Financial Center.
C.The Water Cube.
D.The Bird’s Nest.
2.Why was the construction of the Shanghai World Financial Center delayed
A.It needed more construction workers.
B.It was short of money.
C.It added an extra viewing platform.
D.It faced too much terrible weather.
3.What can you do in the National Centre for the Performing Arts
A.Enjoy sports events. B.Eat various foods.
C.Attend science lectures. D.Watch different performances.
B
(2023山西太原联考)
In valleys with thick plants, different sized round and square buildings with faded yellow clay walls and wooden roofs, tulou, lie in mountainous villages in Longyan, Fujian Province. There are more than 23,000 tulou in Yongding, which became well known after 46 were given World Heritage status by UNESCO in 2008. “The structures were awarded the title because they are exceptional examples of buildings of tradition and function, demonstrating a particular type of communal(共有的) living and defensive organization, and, in terms of their harmonious relationship with their environment, an outstanding example of the human settlement,” UNESCO said.
The giant multi storied tulou buildings were built with wood and mud walls. Constructed from the 15th to 20th centuries, these massive communal homes were sited based on feng shui principles, which claim to use energy forces to make individuals harmonize with their environment. Tulou were also purposefully built amid tea, tobacco, rice plantations and abundant forests of pine and bamboo.
Throughout history,tulou residents have mostly been Hakkas—migrants from the north of China. Population pressures created conflict between the Hakkas and their neighbors, so they built their homes to double as defences. The buildings are mainly four or five stories high. The first floor serves as the kitchen, the second is used for grain storage and the upper floors act as living areas. The structures are mainly symmetrical(对称的), and their defensive features include ironclad gates, escape tunnels, narrow openings for weapons under the dark tiled roofs, and a water well. For their defensive function, only rooms on the third floor and above have windows, which are very small. With sufficient food, the residents can survive in the event of a lengthy conflict.
Communal living is integral to these villages, where the closed wall design boosts social interaction. Residents gather in the courtyard for ceremonies such as ancestor worship and weddings. The Tulou building is such an extraordinary piece of architecture, living up to the title given by UNESCO.
4.What do we know about tulou
A.Over 23,000 tulou were given World Heritage status.
B.Among 23,000 tulou, only 46 became famous globally.
C.They’re exceptional buildings of tradition and function.
D.Tulou are the most outstanding Chinese human settlement.
5.What is most important for residents during a long period of conflict
A.Escape tunnels. B.Enough food. C.Small windows. D.Defensive weapons.
6.What is probably the author’s attitude to the protection of tulou
A.Favorable. B.Unclear. C.Negative. D.Unconcerned.
7.Which of the following could be the best title for the text
A.Tulou: in Harmony with Their Environment
B.Tulou: Different Sized Round and Square Buildings
C.Tulou: Given the World Heritage Status by UNESCO in 2008
D.Tulou: a Special Chinese Structure Combining Living and Defending
Ⅲ.七选五
(2023云南师大附中期中)
The country of Egypt in northeastern Africa is famous as a world class tourist spot. The mysterious ancient pyramids are its most appealing attraction, but not the only one. 1
Like many parts of the earth, the desert was once in the water. It gets its name from the large white rocks and white sand drifts (沙堆) that have been formed by many years of erosion and weathering. 2 Many people then enjoy viewing the White Desert near sunrise or sunset because the angle of the light creates a golden tone and its surroundings become fascinatingly pink and orange. It is also known that the desert looks best on a full moon night, which glows blue and silver.
Located about 370 km southwest of the capital, it is a five hour drive from Cairo to the White Desert. Many tour companies offer multi day tours and activities to explore the area. Camping in tents is a romantic experience. 3 Most tours of the White Desert will include a visit to the Crystal Mountain. There is also the Black Desert nearby, which many tours will include.
4 The unique environment is full of wonders and it is amazing to see how life has adapted to the environment there. Bedouins use the sand of the desert like an oven to cook authentic traditional food, which you can enjoy. Desert animals usually sleep during the day in holes or tunnels underground to stay cool, coming out when it is cooler. 5 Only some kinds of plants can live in desert which have a way to keep water in their stems, leaves or trunks. They also have a large root system to gather up all the possible water when it rains.
A.The white sand reflects the light from the sky.
B.You can even find some fossils of marine life.
C.The desert comes in a variety of colors in the daytime.
D.Sandboarding is a fresh sport that can be done on large sand drifts.
E.However, the real charm of a desert tour is not in shining attractions.
F.You might be visited by the local fox looking for your dinner leftovers.
G.The White Desert has recently been gaining in popularity with adventure travelers.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅳ.写作
(2023广东韶关期中)
假定你是李华,你的英国好友Jim打算暑假期间来中国旅游,他写邮件希望你能推荐一处旅游胜地。请你给他回一封邮件,内容包括:
1.你的建议;
2.你的理由;
3.你的期望。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear Jim,
Yours,
Li Hua
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 2 ICONIC ATTRACTIONS
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.joint 2.barbecue
Ⅱ.1.基金会 句意:她计划为无家可归的儿童成立一个基金会。
2.创建,建立 句意:该组织自1955年建立以来已有重大发展。
3.基础 句意:他奠定了细菌学科学的基础。
Ⅲ.1.at 考查介词。feel at home意为“感到无拘无束”,是固定搭配。故填at。
2.to 考查介词。be native to意为“原产于,原生于”,是固定搭配,故填介词to。
3.political 考查形容词。句意:罗纳德·里根对政治工作的热爱使他成为美国的总统。修饰名词work应用形容词,politics是名词,其形容词形式为political。故填political。
4.Personally 考查副词。personally speaking意为“就我个人而言”。句首单词首字母大写,故填Personally。句意:就我个人而言,没有必要把单词的音发得和母语人士一样。
5.Located 考查过去分词。句意:故宫,又称紫禁城,位于北京市中心,是一个值得游览的地方。be located in意为“位于……”,设空处位于句首作状语,故填过去分词Located。
6.referred 考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语,故设空处应使用非谓语动词。refer to...as...意为“把……称为……”, 分析语境可知这里指refer to the National Aquatics Center as the “Water Cube”, The National Aquatics Center和refer to之间是被动关系,故应用过去分词作定语。句意:国家游泳中心,也被称为“水立方”,已被改造成冬奥会使用的“冰立方”。
Ⅳ.1.majored in 2.played an important part in 3.in close contact with 4.made up 5.led to
Ⅴ.1.wherever he travels 2.it is about/high time that we made 3.It is said that;among which 4.couldn’t wait to tell;face filled with/full of joy
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.informally 考查副词。设空处修饰谓语is referred,所以用副词作状语。故填informally。
2.introduction 考查名词。此处构成“the+名词+of...”的结构。故填introduction。
3.but 考查连词。空格前面说澳大利亚土著人口可能很少,后面说其影响仍然明显。故设空处前后为转折关系,应用表示转折意义的并列连词but。
4.To survive 考查动词不定式。句意:为了在海洋上的这片辽阔的陆地上生存,他们必须与大自然保持密切的联系。此处用动词不定式短语作目的状语,且位于句首,故填To survive。
5.which 考查定语从句。设空处无提示词且空前有逗号隔开,逗号前内容意思完整,逗号后内容缺少主语,结合语境可知缺少的主语即前面的music,所以推知此处是非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词music,先行词在从句中作主语,故填which。句意:这也表现在他们的音乐中,他们的音乐赞美他们周围的自然世界和精神世界。
6.found 考查过去分词。设空处所在句中已有谓语,所以此处用非谓语动词的形式,提示词find与名词sticks之间是被动关系,所以用其过去分词形式作后置定语,修饰sticks。故填found。
7.amazing 考查形容词。设空处前是冠词,空后是名词,所以此处用形容词作定语,修饰名词 instrument,该处修饰事物,表示“令人惊叹的”,故填amazing。
8.has been 考查时态和主谓一致。根据since 1788可知,此处用现在完成时,主语the main cultural influence为单数形式,故填has been。
9.with 考查介词。空格后为“名词短语+过去分词”结构,故推测此处是with的复合结构,即“with+名词+过去分词(短语)”结构作状语。故填with。句意:虽然自1788年以来主要的产生影响的文化是西方文化,但少数民族文化在塑造独特的澳大利亚文化的过程中也起到了作用,很多新的有影响的文化是由移民贡献的。
10.citizens 考查名词复数。根据设空处前面的all可以判断,此处用名词的复数形式。故填citizens。
Ⅱ.A
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文,文章主要介绍了五个著名的中国现代建筑。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The airport was constructed in the 1950s.(该机场建于20世纪50年代)”;第二段中的“Completed in 2008, the SWFC...(2008年建成的上海环球金融中心……)”;第三段中的“It was constructed for use during the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics.(它是为2008年北京夏季奥运会使用而建造的)”;第四段中的“It was designed mainly for the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics.(它主要是为2008年北京夏季奥运会而设计的)”以及最后一段中的“It was completed in 2007.(它于2007年完工)”可知,北京首都国际机场是最先建造的。故选A。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Completed in 2008, the SWFC took over 10 years to complete due to financial shortages and the construction delays.(2008年建成的上海环球金融中心,由于资金短缺和施工延误,花了十多年时间才建成)”可知,资金短缺导致上海环球金融中心的建设被推迟了。故选B。
3.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It is home to an opera hall, a music hall, and a theatre.(它是一个歌剧院、一个音乐厅和一个剧院的所在地)”可知,在中国国家大剧院你能观看不同的表演。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.construct v.建造;修建 2.financial adj.财政的;金融的 3.shortage n.短缺;不足 4.delay n.延误;延期 5.platform n.平台;讲台;舞台 6.architecture n.建筑设计,建筑风格 7.atmosphere n.气氛,环境
8.function v.起作用 9.surround v.围绕,环绕 10.be home to...是……的所在地
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的土楼,包括其建造特点、功能等。
4.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中最后一句“联合国教科文组织表示:‘这些建筑获得这个称号是因为它们是传统和功能建筑的杰出典范,展示了一种特殊类型的集体生活和防御性组织,而且就它们与环境的和谐关系而言,它们是人类居住地的杰出典范。’”可知,土楼是传统和功能建筑的杰出典范。故选C。
5.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“有了充足的食物,居民们可以在长期的冲突中生存下来。”可知,在长期的冲突中,对居民来说最重要的是足够的食物。故选B。
学科思维 本题的关键在于针对设题中的“during a long period of conflict”在文章中找到对应的信息。文中没有出现完全相同的表达,而是在倒数第二段最后一句中出现了一个近义表达“in the event of a lengthy conflict”,如果学生能猜出lengthy的大概意思,这个题就找到了线索。在英语阅读题目线索的寻找过程中,对于一些派生词意思的理解至关重要,如本题中的lengthy我们可能见的不多,但是与它形近的length却是高中阶段见的比较多的单词,这两个词在意思上肯定有相似之处,length可以表示时间的长短,lengthy也就可以用来形容时间之长。学生在阅读时要注意用类似方法去猜测词义。
6.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“土楼是如此非凡的建筑,无愧于联合国教科文组织授予的称号。”可推知,作者对土楼保护的态度可能是支持的。故选A。
7.D 主旨大意题。文章第一段主要介绍了联合国教科文组织对土楼的评价;第二段介绍了土楼建造使用的材料和遵循风水的建造原则;第三段主要介绍了土楼的结构和防御功能;最后一段介绍了土楼促进社交,方便居民生活。结合四个选项(A.土楼:与环境协调;B.土楼:不同大小的圆的和方的建筑;C.土楼:在2008年被联合国教科文组织给予世界遗产地位;D.土楼:中国独特的居住与防御相结合的建筑)可知,D选项最符合文章主旨。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.status n.地位;身份 2.demonstrate vt.展示;证明;表现 3.in terms of在……方面;就……而言 4.massive adj.大规模的 5.claim v.宣称,声称
6.individual n.个人 7.abundant adj.大量的;充裕的
8.boost vt.促进 9.live up to符合;不辜负
【差距词汇】 1.amid prep.在……中,四周是
2.plantation n.种植园 3.double as兼作 4.in the event of 倘若,万一,如果……发生
长难句
原句 “The structures were awarded the title because they are exceptional examples of buildings of tradition and function, demonstrating a particular type of communal living and defensive organization, and, in terms of their harmonious relationship with their environment, an outstanding example of the human settlement,” UNESCO said.
分析 本句中because引导原因状语从句。“demonstrating...organization”为现在分词短语作状语。两个逗号之间的and连接are后面两个并列的表语exceptional examples和an outstanding example。in terms of短语为插入语。
译文 联合国教科文组织表示:“这些建筑获得这个称号是因为它们是传统和功能建筑的杰出典范,展示了一种特殊类型的集体生活和防御组织,而且就它们与环境的和谐关系而言,它们是人类居住地的杰出典范。”
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了埃及的世界级旅游景点——白沙漠。
1.G 过渡句。 上文讲到,非洲东北部的埃及是著名的世界级旅游景点。古老神秘的金字塔是它最吸引人的景点,但不是唯一的。下面几段都在介绍埃及的另一个景点——白沙漠。所以设空处应起到承上启下的作用,从金字塔过渡到白沙漠。选项G “白沙漠最近在冒险旅行者中越来越受欢迎”符合语境。故选G。
2.A 细节句。 下文讲到许多人喜欢在日出或日落前后观看白沙漠,因为光线的角度会产生金色的色调,周围的环境会变成迷人的粉红色和橙色。选项A “白色的沙子反射来自天空的光线”解释了下文,符合语境。故选A。
易错归因 本题易误选C项,因为C项中也谈到了颜色,与下文中的golden、pink 和 orange呼应。需要注意的是,虽然C项和下文都谈到了颜色,但相比A项,C项并未对下文产生解释的作用,在衔接紧密度上不及A项。
3.D 细节句。本段第二句谈到很多旅游公司提供为期多日的旅游和活动。第三句介绍了在帐篷里野营这个活动,是对第二句中提到的活动的举例。选项D“滑沙是一项新鲜的运动,可以在大沙堆上进行”与第三句并列,也是对第二句中提到的活动的举例。故选D。
4.E 主旨句。 设空处位于句首,为本段主旨句。设空处下一句谈到,独特的环境充满了奇迹,看到那里的生命是如何适应环境的真是令人惊讶。下面几句则具体介绍了那里的人、动物和植物是如何适应环境的。由此可知,本段所介绍的不是景点,而是那里的人和动植物,选项E“然而,沙漠之旅的真正魅力不在于闪光的景点”符合题意。故选E。
5.F 细节句。 上文讲到沙漠动物通常白天睡在地下的洞或隧道里以保持凉爽,天气凉爽时再出来,由此推测它们出来时可能是在凉爽的晚上,选项F“当地的狐狸可能会来找你的晚餐剩菜”承接上文,符合语境。故选F。
【高频词汇】 1.mysterious adj.神秘的 2.appealing adj.吸引人的 3.fascinatingly adv.有吸引力地,迷人地
4.romantic adj.浪漫的 5.adapt to适应
【差距词汇】 1.erosion n.侵蚀 2.weathering n.风化 3.authentic adj.地道的;真正的
长难句
原句 It is also known that the desert looks best on a full moon night, which glows blue and silver.
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。It作形式主语,that引导的从句是真正的主语,which引导的是非限制性定语从句,修饰desert。
译文 众所周知,在满月的夜晚沙漠看起来最好,因为它会发出蓝色和银色的光。
Ⅳ.One possible version:
Dear Jim,
I’m pleased that you’re coming to tour in China. I think Dalian is an ideal choice. The reasons are as follows.
First of all, Dalian has a cool climate and superb beaches, which is one of the most attractive tourist destinations in summer in China. More importantly, Dalian is a city combining the ancient culture with modern dynamism. You can see not only historical sites but also modern buildings there. Last but not least, the annual Dalian International Beer Festival will be held, during which you can have a taste of a diversity of delicacies.
Looking forward to your arrival.
Yours,
Li Hua
1.重点词汇
①superb adj.卓越的
②dynamism n.活力
③historical adj.历史的
④diversity n.不同事物,多样性
⑤delicacy n.佳肴
2.亮点句型
① First of all, Dalian has a cool climate and superb beaches, which is one of the most attractive tourist destinations in summer in China.(which引导非限制性定语从句) 首先,大连有凉爽的气候和一流的海滩,是中国夏季最具吸引力的旅游目的地之一。
②Last but not least, the annual Dalian International Beer Festival will be held, during which you can have a taste of a diversity of delicacies.(“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句) 最后但同样重要的是,一年一度的大连国际啤酒节将举行,在此期间,你可以品尝到各种各样的美食。
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