2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步练习题--UNIT 2 Part 2 Learning About Language & Using Language（答案与解析）
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2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步
Part 2 Learning About Language & Using Language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The main purpose of his holiday in Greece was to go (dive).
2.Today we have the (free) to decide our own future, which is social progress to the younger generation.
3.Take every course that’s offered and focus on skills that can lay a (found) for your present business or next job.
4.The top one third of all high school graduates are entitled the education at the California State University.
5.Last month, some children of poor families went to this iconic attraction by plane. The fares (sponsor) by a charity.
Ⅱ.单元语法专练
题型(一)
1. (catch) in a heavy rain, he was wet all over like a drowned rat.
2. (absorb) in the task at hand, you will finish it soon.
3.On hearing the good news, everyone was very (excite).
4.Good habits (form) in one’s youth can make a difference to his lifetime.
5. (base) on a stage play, the film is a good interpretation of maternal love.
6.The crosstalk was usually performed outside in the past, with the audience (seat) on benches, chairs or even boxes.
7.Looking at his face (reflect) in the mirror, he felt there was no hope for finding a better solution to the problem.
8.When he came to himself, he was surprised to find himself lying in bed and (surround) with strangers.
题型(二)
1.一部名为《满江红》的电影大受欢迎,引起了许多人的关注。
Full River Red has become a hit and raised attention of a large number of people. (2023全国甲写作)
2.当我打开门时,我发现地面被落叶覆盖着。
When I opened the gate,I by fallen leaves.
3.由于被泰山的风景吸引了,学生们决定在山上再待两天。
Mount Tai, the students decided to spend another two days on it.
4.由于受到一群积极从事慈善事业的人的鼓励,约翰决定尽力帮助别人。
who were active in charity, John decided to try his best to help others.
5.美丽的乡村带给每个人宁静,绵延起伏的青山上遍布着牛羊。(dot)
The beautiful countryside brings peace to everyone, the rolling green hills cattle and sheep.(读后续写—环境描写)
6.这种产品一定会收到积极的反响,因为公司已经(让人)测试了很多样品。(have)
This product must receive a positive response, for the company .
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023北京平谷区期末)
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is responsible for evaluating and judging whether a place could be classified as the World Heritage Site. The group chooses sites based on historical and cultural importance, as well as their beauty.
The World Heritage in Beijing
Constructed from 1406 to 1420, the Temple of Heaven is an imperial complex of religious buildings located in the central area of Beijing. The Temple of Heaven was classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998 and was described as a masterpiece of architecture and landscape design.
It comprises three main groups of constructions: the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests, the Imperial Vault of Heaven and the Circular Mound Altar.
The World Heritage in Luoyang
Situated on the central plain of China, Luoyang is one of the cradles of Chinese civilization.
The Longmen Grottoes in the south of the city were excavated and carved from 493 AD to 1127 AD. They were listed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 2000. They were carved as outside rock reliefs and inside artificial caves. There are as many as 100,000 statues within the 2,345 caves. The area also has over sixty Buddhist pagodas.
The World Heritage in Wiltshire
Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument in England. It consists of a ring of standing stones, topped by connecting stones. The whole monument, now ruinous, is oriented towards the sunrise on the Summer Solstice.
Stonehenge is regarded as a British cultural icon. The site and its surroundings were added to UNESCO’s list of World Heritage Sites in 1986.
Archaeologists believe Stonehenge was constructed from 3000 BC to 2000 BC. It could have been a burial ground from its earliest beginnings.
1.What can we learn about Stonehenge
A.It is a symbol of British culture.
B.It has a history of 3,000 years.
C.It consists of stones and wood.
D.It is oriented towards the sunset.
2.What do the three sites in the text have in common
A.They have caves, halls and statues.
B.They are ancient imperial buildings.
C.They all have historical and cultural value.
D.They are connected with Buddhist culture.
3.What can we learn from the passage
A.There are 100,000 caves in the Longmen Grottoes.
B.The Temple of Heaven has three main groups of buildings.
C.Only one site in Luoyang is listed in the World Heritage Sites.
D.The Temple of Heaven has been a World Heritage Site for 30 years.
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2021黑龙江大庆铁人中学期中)
At around 6:30 pm local time on April 15th,2019, in France, Notre Dame in Paris was on fire. According to the French newspaper Le Monde, the fire started in the attic(阁楼)and then 1 to the roof. In the screams of people, the Gothic tower suddenly collapsed. “Paris was beheaded(斩首)!” Witnessing the fall of the tower, the 32 year old Frenchman, Pierre, sent such a(n) 2 to The New York Times.
Notre Dame, which 3 on the bank of the Seine, has been there for 674 years. Not only does Notre Dame have a large collection of wonderful works, but the building itself is 4 . As one of the premier tourist 5 in the world, this church has about 13 million visitors a year. When the fire was still burning, the spokesperson of Notre Dame pessimistically told the media that the 6 building of France 7 “great destruction” because the inside part of the church belonged to the medieval wooden structure, so this fire was almost a 8 . At 9:30 that evening, the priceless colored glass of the rose window in the cathedral was too hot and then broken. As the fire continued, a large number of people from Paris 9 around Notre Dame. Watching the fire destroy the monument, some people couldn’t help but cry, and some sang prayer songs to Notre Dame. After the fire, French President Macron 10 delayed a speech on the “Yellow Vests” movement, and started the disaster report.
After the French firefighters 11 for five hours, the fire was 12 . The main structure of the church was 13 , but the inside decoration was completely destroyed. 14 the broken Notre Dame, President Macron said that they would recruit(招募)the best talents from around the world to repair the art treasure, because this was what the French expected and what history 15 .
1.A.distributed B.directed
C.spread D.transformed
2.A.sigh B.idea
C.sign D.slogan
3.A.winds B.exists
C.sets D.stands
4.A.delicate B.worthless
C.invaluable D.weak
5.A.points B.phases
C.views D.attractions
6.A.remaining B.historic
C.accessible D.favorable
7.A.suffered B.exploded
C.acquired D.declared
8.A.decrease B.waste
C.disaster D.trouble
9.A.marched B.gathered
C.wandered D.settled
10.A.urgently B.angrily
C.cleverly D.cautiously
11.A.managed B.fought
C.attempted D.repaired
12.A.put out B.taken out
C.brought out D.pulled out
13.A.scarred B.destroyed
C.tested D.saved
14.A.In time of B.In danger of
C.In the face of D.In memory of
15.A.deserved B.allowed
C.created D.held
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2023山东潍坊统考)
Located in Changping District, Beijing, Juyongguan has been of great military importance since ancient times. The two strategic 1 (pass) in the south and north are respectively named “South Pass” and “Juyongguan”. Grand mountains surround Juyongguan; an 18 kilometer long valley, commonly known as “Guangou”, 2 (stretch) right across the middle. In Juyongguan, clear streams belt, green mountains overlap, flowers and trees bloom, and birds sing. Owing to the beautiful scenery, Juyongguan has been honored 3 “Juyong Diecui” and one of the “Eight Great Sights of Yanjing”.
In the center of the stylobate (柱座), there lies the doorway through 4 people, carriages and horses can all pass. The Cloud Terrace at Juyongguan is a large scale fine work of stone carving, 5 (construct) in the Yuan Dynasty. 6 (initial), there were 3 white pagodas (塔). Unfortunately, they 7 (destroy) at the turn of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Subsequently, the “Tai’an Temple” was constructed on the stylobate. However, in the 41st year of the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty (1702), the temple suffered fire, 8 (leave) the Cloud Terrace alone.
An overall repair was conducted in Juyongguan in 1992, restoring 9 (it) former grandness. The 10 (nature) landscape of Juyongguan is very attractive.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Part 2 Learning About Language & Using Language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.diving 考查名词。go diving表示“去潜水”,为固定搭配。句意:他去希腊度假的主要目的是去潜水。
2.freedom 考查名词。设空处作have的宾语,由空前的定冠词the可以判断此处用名词freedom。句意:如今,我们拥有决定自己未来的自由,这对年轻一代来说是社会进步。
3.foundation 考查名词。lay a foundation for...意为“为……奠定基础”。句意:参加所有被提供的课程,专注于那些能为你现在的业务或下一份工作打下基础的技能。
4.to 考查介词。be entitled to...意为“享有……权利”。故用介词to。句意:所有高中毕业生中排名前1/3的学生可以进入加利福尼亚州立大学学习。
5.were sponsored 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:上个月,一些贫困家庭的孩子乘坐飞机前往这个标志性景点。机票是由一个慈善组织赞助的。根据Last month可知设空处应用一般过去时,主语fares为复数意义且和sponsor之间是被动关系,故应用被动语态。故填were sponsored。
Ⅱ.题型(一)
1.Caught 考查过去分词作状语。句意:因为淋了一场大雨,他全身都湿透了,像一只落汤鸡。be caught in意为“遭遇……”,故此处填过去分词Caught,构成过去分词短语作原因状语。
2.Absorbed 考查过去分词作状语。句意:如果你全神贯注于手头的工作,你很快就会完成它。be absorbed in意为“全神贯注于……”,故此处填过去分词Absorbed,构成过去分词短语作条件状语。
3.excited 考查过去分词作表语。句意:一听到这个好消息,每个人都非常激动。主语是人,设空处形容人的感受,意为“激动的”,故用过去分词形式。
4.formed 考查过去分词作定语。句意:一个人年轻时养成的好习惯可以使他受益终生。Good habits 与form之间是被动关系,所以这里应用过去分词作后置定语。
5.Based 考查过去分词作状语。句意:以一部舞台剧为基础,这部电影很好地诠释了母爱。be based on...意为“以……为基础”,此处应用过去分词短语作状语,故填Based。
6.seated 考查过去分词作宾语补足语。句意:过去相声通常在外面说,观众坐在长凳、椅子甚至箱子上。分析句子结构可知这里构成“with+宾语+宾补”的复合结构,宾语为the audience,与seat之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作宾语补足语。
定势纠偏 该题易受汉语思维影响,认为“观众”与“坐”之间是主动关系,误填seating。seat为及物动词,意为“使就座”,与audience之间为被动关系。
7.reflected 考查过去分词作宾语补足语。句意:看着镜子里映出的自己的脸,他觉得这个问题没有希望找到更好的解决办法了。句中已有谓语felt,所以设空处用非谓语动词,face和reflect之间是被动关系,因此用过去分词表被动,故填reflected。look at sth. done意为“看着某物被……”。
8.surrounded 考查过去分词作宾语补足语。句意:当他苏醒过来时,他惊讶地发现自己躺在床上,周围都是陌生人。空格前的and连接find himself后面两个并列的宾语补足语,第一个宾语补足语lying与宾语himself为主动关系,第二个宾语补足语为提示词surround的某种形式,himself和surround是被动关系,故应用过去分词形式,故填surrounded。
题型(二)
1.A film called/named 2.found the ground covered
3.Attracted by the scenery of 4.Encouraged by a flock of people 5.with;dotted with 6.has had many samples tested out
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 文章介绍了三个具有历史和文化价值的联合国世界遗产。
1.A 细节理解题。根据The World Heritage in Wiltshire中的“Stonehenge is regarded as a British cultural icon. (巨石阵被视为英国的文化标志)”可知,巨石阵是英国文化的象征。故选A。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The group chooses sites based on historical and cultural importance, as well as their beauty.(该组织根据历史和文化的重要性以及它们的美来选择遗址)”和后文的介绍可知,这三个世界遗产的共同之处在于它们都具有历史和文化价值。故选C。
3.B 细节理解题。根据The World Heritage in Beijing中的“It comprises three main groups of constructions: the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests, the Imperial Vault of Heaven and the Circular Mound Altar.”可知,天坛有三组主要的建筑。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.be responsible for...对……负责
2.evaluate v.评价,评估 3.construct v.修建,建造
4.comprise v.包括 5.situated adj.位于,坐落在
6.consist of由……组成 7.be regarded as被视为……
【熟词生义】 1.complex n.建筑群 2.relief n.浮雕
【差距词汇】 1.imperial adj.帝国的,皇帝的
2.burial ground墓地
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文,文章讲述了法国巴黎圣母院发生火灾的经过,并介绍了巴黎圣母院的地理位置、历史价值等背景知识。
1.C 根据下文的“the Gothic tower suddenly collapsed”可知,哥特式的塔楼突然坍塌了,说明火势“蔓延”到了屋顶。故选C。A.分发;B.指导;D.使改变形态。
2.A 根据上文“Paris was beheaded(斩首)!”和“Witnessing the fall of the tower”可知,此处用“叹息”符合语境,皮埃尔向《纽约时报》发出了一声“叹息”。故选A。B.想法;C.标志;D.口号。
3.D 句意:塞纳河畔的巴黎圣母院矗立了674年了。此处描述的是巴黎圣母院的位置,因为它是一座高大的建筑,故用“矗立”符合语境。故选D。A.蜿蜒;B.存在;C.设置。
4.C 根据“Not only does Notre Dame have a large collection of wonderful works”可知,此处用“无价的”来表达这座建筑的珍贵,第三段中的“they would recruit (招募) the best talents from around the world to repair the art treasure”也是提示。故选C。A.精美的;B.没有价值的;D.虚弱的。
5.D 根据下文的“this church has about 13 million visitors a year”可知,巴黎圣母院是一个“旅游胜地”,tourist attraction意为“旅游胜地”。故选D。A.点;B.阶段;C.观点。
6.B 根据上文的“Notre Dame, which 3 on the bank of the Seine, has been there for 674 years.”可知,巴黎圣母院是一座“有历史意义的”建筑。故选B。A.剩下的;C.可进入的;D.赞同的。
7.A 根据上文的叙述可知,巴黎圣母院发生了火灾,此处指它“遭受了”火灾带来的巨大破坏。故选A。B.爆炸;C.获得;D.公布。
8.C 根据上文的“great destruction”可知,巴黎圣母院遭受了火灾带来的巨大破坏,所以这场大火几乎是场“灾难”。故选C。A.下降;B.浪费;D.麻烦。
9.B 根据下文“Watching the fire...”可知,这些人都“聚集”到了巴黎圣母院的周围。故选B。A.前进;C.闲逛;D.定居。
10.A 根据常识可知,巴黎圣母院发生火灾是突发事件,故推测总统“紧急”推迟了原定活动,来向民众报告此事。故选A。B.生气地;C.聪明地;D.谨慎地。
11.B 该句主语是“消防员”,时间是“5个小时”,因此用“战斗”符合语境。故选B。A.处理,应付;C.尝试;D.维修。
12.A 根据下文介绍巴黎圣母院的损失及重建可推知,这里指大火被“扑灭了”。故选A。B.切除;C.出版,生产;D.使脱离。
13.D 根据后面的but一词可知,前后分句之间为转折关系,结合“completely destroyed (完全被毁)”可知, 这座教堂的主体结构被“挽救”了,但是内部装饰被完全破坏了。故选D。A.损害……的外观;B.破坏;C.试验,测试。
14.C 句意:面对被破坏了的巴黎圣母院,总统马克龙说他们会从全球招募最佳人才来修复此艺术珍宝,因为这是法国人所期望的,也是历史应得的。根据空后的宾语“the broken Notre Dame”可知,In the face of符合语境,意为“面对被破坏了的巴黎圣母院”。故选C。A.在……的时候;B.处于……的危险之中;D.为了纪念……。
15.A 根据上文的叙述可知,面对被破坏了的巴黎圣母院,总统马克龙说他们会从全球招募最佳人才来修复此艺术珍宝,说明法国历史“值得”拥有这样一座教堂。故选A。B.允许;C.创造;D.拥有。
【高频词汇】 1.collapse v.倒塌 2.witness v.目击;见证 3.destruction n.破坏,毁灭 4.decoration n.装潢;装饰 5.treasure n.珍宝;财富
【差距词汇】 1.medieval adj.中世纪的 2.cathedral n.大教堂
长难句
原句 In the face of the broken Notre Dame, President Macron said that they would recruit(招募) the best talents from around the world to repair the art treasure, because this was what the French expected and what history deserved.
分析 这是一个主从复合句。that引导宾语从句;在宾语从句中,because引导原因状语从句;在原因状语从句中,两个what都引导表语从句,两个what在从句中均作宾语。
译文 面对被破坏了的巴黎圣母院,总统马克龙说他们会从全球招募最佳人才来修复此艺术珍宝,因为这是法国人所期望的,也是历史应得的。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了居庸关的历史以及其重要的军事意义。
1.passes 考查名词复数。句意:南北两个战略关隘分别被命名为“南关”和“居庸关”。根据后文are可知,应用复数形式。故填passes。
易错归因 本题学生看到后面已经有了谓语are respectively named,易误填非谓语动词passing。需要注意的是,设空处前面为形容词strategic,故设空处不能填非谓语动词。这里pass是熟词生义的用法,用作可数名词,意为“关口,关隘”。
2.stretches 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:大山环绕居庸关;一个长18千米的山谷,俗称“关沟”,正好横跨其中部。这里陈述一般事实,结合前面surround的时态可知用一般现在时,主语为an 18 kilometer long valley,为单数概念,谓语动词用单数形式。故填stretches。
3.as 考查介词。句意:由于风景优美,居庸关被誉为“居庸叠翠”和“燕京八景”之一。表示“被誉为”短语为be honored as。故填as。
4.which 考查定语从句。句意:在柱座的中心有门道,人、马车、马都可以通过。设空处前面为介词through,后面为and连接的三个名词,句尾的动词pass可与前面的介词构成搭配pass through“从……通过”,且其宾语为前面的名词doorway,故推测设空处应构成“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,先行词为doorway,指物,故填which。将先行词代入定语从句后为:People, carriages and horses can all pass through the doorway.
5.constructed 考查过去分词。句意:居庸关云台是一座大型石雕精品,建于元代。设空处所在句已有谓语,且逗号后没有连词,所以设空处应填入非谓语动词。construct与句子主语The Cloud Terrace构成被动关系,故用过去分词。故填constructed。
6.Initially 考查副词。句意:最初,有3座白色的塔。设空处位于句首,后面有逗号与其他内容隔开,所以设空处作状语,修饰后面的句子,应用副词initially,注意首字母大写。故填Initially。
7.were destroyed 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:不幸的是,它们在元明之交被摧毁了。设空处为谓语,主语they与提示词destroy构成被动关系,根据时间状语at the turn of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties可知应用一般过去时,主语they为复数概念,故填were destroyed。
8.leaving 考查现在分词。句意:然而,在清朝康熙四十一年(1702年),寺庙遭受了火灾,只留下了云台。句中已有谓语(suffered),且设空处前面没有连词,所以设空处应填入非谓语动词。前面所述内容与提示词leave之间为主动关系,所以应用现在分词作结果状语。故填leaving。
9.its 考查代词。句意:1992年对居庸关进行了全面修缮,恢复了它昔日的宏伟。修饰名词grandness应用形容词性物主代词its,意为“它的”。故填its。
10.natural 考查形容词。句意:居庸关的自然景色非常吸引人。修饰名词landscape应用形容词natural。故填natural。
【高频词汇】 1.military adj.军事的 2.respectively adv.分别地;各自地 3.owing to由于 4.suffer v.遭受
5.overall adj.全面的;综合的
【熟词生义】 pass n.关口,关隘
【差距词汇】 1.overlap v.交叠 2.subsequently adv.后来
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2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步
Part 2 Learning About Language & Using Language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The main purpose of his holiday in Greece was to go (dive).
2.Today we have the (free) to decide our own future, which is social progress to the younger generation.
3.Take every course that’s offered and focus on skills that can lay a (found) for your present business or next job.
4.The top one third of all high school graduates are entitled the education at the California State University.
5.Last month, some children of poor families went to this iconic attraction by plane. The fares (sponsor) by a charity.
Ⅱ.单元语法专练
题型(一)
1. (catch) in a heavy rain, he was wet all over like a drowned rat.
2. (absorb) in the task at hand, you will finish it soon.
3.On hearing the good news, everyone was very (excite).
4.Good habits (form) in one’s youth can make a difference to his lifetime.
5. (base) on a stage play, the film is a good interpretation of maternal love.
6.The crosstalk was usually performed outside in the past, with the audience (seat) on benches, chairs or even boxes.
7.Looking at his face (reflect) in the mirror, he felt there was no hope for finding a better solution to the problem.
8.When he came to himself, he was surprised to find himself lying in bed and (surround) with strangers.
题型(二)
1.一部名为《满江红》的电影大受欢迎,引起了许多人的关注。
Full River Red has become a hit and raised attention of a large number of people. (2023全国甲写作)
2.当我打开门时,我发现地面被落叶覆盖着。
When I opened the gate,I by fallen leaves.
3.由于被泰山的风景吸引了,学生们决定在山上再待两天。
Mount Tai, the students decided to spend another two days on it.
4.由于受到一群积极从事慈善事业的人的鼓励,约翰决定尽力帮助别人。
who were active in charity, John decided to try his best to help others.
5.美丽的乡村带给每个人宁静,绵延起伏的青山上遍布着牛羊。(dot)
The beautiful countryside brings peace to everyone, the rolling green hills cattle and sheep.(读后续写—环境描写)
6.这种产品一定会收到积极的反响,因为公司已经(让人)测试了很多样品。(have)
This product must receive a positive response, for the company .
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023北京平谷区期末)
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is responsible for evaluating and judging whether a place could be classified as the World Heritage Site. The group chooses sites based on historical and cultural importance, as well as their beauty.
The World Heritage in Beijing
Constructed from 1406 to 1420, the Temple of Heaven is an imperial complex of religious buildings located in the central area of Beijing. The Temple of Heaven was classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998 and was described as a masterpiece of architecture and landscape design.
It comprises three main groups of constructions: the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests, the Imperial Vault of Heaven and the Circular Mound Altar.
The World Heritage in Luoyang
Situated on the central plain of China, Luoyang is one of the cradles of Chinese civilization.
The Longmen Grottoes in the south of the city were excavated and carved from 493 AD to 1127 AD. They were listed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 2000. They were carved as outside rock reliefs and inside artificial caves. There are as many as 100,000 statues within the 2,345 caves. The area also has over sixty Buddhist pagodas.
The World Heritage in Wiltshire
Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument in England. It consists of a ring of standing stones, topped by connecting stones. The whole monument, now ruinous, is oriented towards the sunrise on the Summer Solstice.
Stonehenge is regarded as a British cultural icon. The site and its surroundings were added to UNESCO’s list of World Heritage Sites in 1986.
Archaeologists believe Stonehenge was constructed from 3000 BC to 2000 BC. It could have been a burial ground from its earliest beginnings.
1.What can we learn about Stonehenge
A.It is a symbol of British culture.
B.It has a history of 3,000 years.
C.It consists of stones and wood.
D.It is oriented towards the sunset.
2.What do the three sites in the text have in common
A.They have caves, halls and statues.
B.They are ancient imperial buildings.
C.They all have historical and cultural value.
D.They are connected with Buddhist culture.
3.What can we learn from the passage
A.There are 100,000 caves in the Longmen Grottoes.
B.The Temple of Heaven has three main groups of buildings.
C.Only one site in Luoyang is listed in the World Heritage Sites.
D.The Temple of Heaven has been a World Heritage Site for 30 years.
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2021黑龙江大庆铁人中学期中)
At around 6:30 pm local time on April 15th,2019, in France, Notre Dame in Paris was on fire. According to the French newspaper Le Monde, the fire started in the attic(阁楼)and then 1 to the roof. In the screams of people, the Gothic tower suddenly collapsed. “Paris was beheaded(斩首)!” Witnessing the fall of the tower, the 32 year old Frenchman, Pierre, sent such a(n) 2 to The New York Times.
Notre Dame, which 3 on the bank of the Seine, has been there for 674 years. Not only does Notre Dame have a large collection of wonderful works, but the building itself is 4 . As one of the premier tourist 5 in the world, this church has about 13 million visitors a year. When the fire was still burning, the spokesperson of Notre Dame pessimistically told the media that the 6 building of France 7 “great destruction” because the inside part of the church belonged to the medieval wooden structure, so this fire was almost a 8 . At 9:30 that evening, the priceless colored glass of the rose window in the cathedral was too hot and then broken. As the fire continued, a large number of people from Paris 9 around Notre Dame. Watching the fire destroy the monument, some people couldn’t help but cry, and some sang prayer songs to Notre Dame. After the fire, French President Macron 10 delayed a speech on the “Yellow Vests” movement, and started the disaster report.
After the French firefighters 11 for five hours, the fire was 12 . The main structure of the church was 13 , but the inside decoration was completely destroyed. 14 the broken Notre Dame, President Macron said that they would recruit(招募)the best talents from around the world to repair the art treasure, because this was what the French expected and what history 15 .
1.A.distributed B.directed
C.spread D.transformed
2.A.sigh B.idea
C.sign D.slogan
3.A.winds B.exists
C.sets D.stands
4.A.delicate B.worthless
C.invaluable D.weak
5.A.points B.phases
C.views D.attractions
6.A.remaining B.historic
C.accessible D.favorable
7.A.suffered B.exploded
C.acquired D.declared
8.A.decrease B.waste
C.disaster D.trouble
9.A.marched B.gathered
C.wandered D.settled
10.A.urgently B.angrily
C.cleverly D.cautiously
11.A.managed B.fought
C.attempted D.repaired
12.A.put out B.taken out
C.brought out D.pulled out
13.A.scarred B.destroyed
C.tested D.saved
14.A.In time of B.In danger of
C.In the face of D.In memory of
15.A.deserved B.allowed
C.created D.held
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2023山东潍坊统考)
Located in Changping District, Beijing, Juyongguan has been of great military importance since ancient times. The two strategic 1 (pass) in the south and north are respectively named “South Pass” and “Juyongguan”. Grand mountains surround Juyongguan; an 18 kilometer long valley, commonly known as “Guangou”, 2 (stretch) right across the middle. In Juyongguan, clear streams belt, green mountains overlap, flowers and trees bloom, and birds sing. Owing to the beautiful scenery, Juyongguan has been honored 3 “Juyong Diecui” and one of the “Eight Great Sights of Yanjing”.
In the center of the stylobate (柱座), there lies the doorway through 4 people, carriages and horses can all pass. The Cloud Terrace at Juyongguan is a large scale fine work of stone carving, 5 (construct) in the Yuan Dynasty. 6 (initial), there were 3 white pagodas (塔). Unfortunately, they 7 (destroy) at the turn of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Subsequently, the “Tai’an Temple” was constructed on the stylobate. However, in the 41st year of the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty (1702), the temple suffered fire, 8 (leave) the Cloud Terrace alone.
An overall repair was conducted in Juyongguan in 1992, restoring 9 (it) former grandness. The 10 (nature) landscape of Juyongguan is very attractive.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Part 2 Learning About Language & Using Language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.diving 考查名词。go diving表示“去潜水”,为固定搭配。句意:他去希腊度假的主要目的是去潜水。
2.freedom 考查名词。设空处作have的宾语,由空前的定冠词the可以判断此处用名词freedom。句意:如今,我们拥有决定自己未来的自由,这对年轻一代来说是社会进步。
3.foundation 考查名词。lay a foundation for...意为“为……奠定基础”。句意:参加所有被提供的课程,专注于那些能为你现在的业务或下一份工作打下基础的技能。
4.to 考查介词。be entitled to...意为“享有……权利”。故用介词to。句意:所有高中毕业生中排名前1/3的学生可以进入加利福尼亚州立大学学习。
5.were sponsored 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:上个月,一些贫困家庭的孩子乘坐飞机前往这个标志性景点。机票是由一个慈善组织赞助的。根据Last month可知设空处应用一般过去时,主语fares为复数意义且和sponsor之间是被动关系,故应用被动语态。故填were sponsored。
Ⅱ.题型(一)
1.Caught 考查过去分词作状语。句意:因为淋了一场大雨,他全身都湿透了,像一只落汤鸡。be caught in意为“遭遇……”,故此处填过去分词Caught,构成过去分词短语作原因状语。
2.Absorbed 考查过去分词作状语。句意:如果你全神贯注于手头的工作,你很快就会完成它。be absorbed in意为“全神贯注于……”,故此处填过去分词Absorbed,构成过去分词短语作条件状语。
3.excited 考查过去分词作表语。句意:一听到这个好消息,每个人都非常激动。主语是人,设空处形容人的感受,意为“激动的”,故用过去分词形式。
4.formed 考查过去分词作定语。句意:一个人年轻时养成的好习惯可以使他受益终生。Good habits 与form之间是被动关系,所以这里应用过去分词作后置定语。
5.Based 考查过去分词作状语。句意:以一部舞台剧为基础,这部电影很好地诠释了母爱。be based on...意为“以……为基础”,此处应用过去分词短语作状语,故填Based。
6.seated 考查过去分词作宾语补足语。句意:过去相声通常在外面说,观众坐在长凳、椅子甚至箱子上。分析句子结构可知这里构成“with+宾语+宾补”的复合结构,宾语为the audience,与seat之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作宾语补足语。
定势纠偏 该题易受汉语思维影响,认为“观众”与“坐”之间是主动关系,误填seating。seat为及物动词,意为“使就座”,与audience之间为被动关系。
7.reflected 考查过去分词作宾语补足语。句意:看着镜子里映出的自己的脸,他觉得这个问题没有希望找到更好的解决办法了。句中已有谓语felt,所以设空处用非谓语动词,face和reflect之间是被动关系,因此用过去分词表被动,故填reflected。look at sth. done意为“看着某物被……”。
8.surrounded 考查过去分词作宾语补足语。句意:当他苏醒过来时,他惊讶地发现自己躺在床上,周围都是陌生人。空格前的and连接find himself后面两个并列的宾语补足语,第一个宾语补足语lying与宾语himself为主动关系,第二个宾语补足语为提示词surround的某种形式,himself和surround是被动关系,故应用过去分词形式,故填surrounded。
题型(二)
1.A film called/named 2.found the ground covered
3.Attracted by the scenery of 4.Encouraged by a flock of people 5.with;dotted with 6.has had many samples tested out
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 文章介绍了三个具有历史和文化价值的联合国世界遗产。
1.A 细节理解题。根据The World Heritage in Wiltshire中的“Stonehenge is regarded as a British cultural icon. (巨石阵被视为英国的文化标志)”可知,巨石阵是英国文化的象征。故选A。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The group chooses sites based on historical and cultural importance, as well as their beauty.(该组织根据历史和文化的重要性以及它们的美来选择遗址)”和后文的介绍可知,这三个世界遗产的共同之处在于它们都具有历史和文化价值。故选C。
3.B 细节理解题。根据The World Heritage in Beijing中的“It comprises three main groups of constructions: the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests, the Imperial Vault of Heaven and the Circular Mound Altar.”可知,天坛有三组主要的建筑。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.be responsible for...对……负责
2.evaluate v.评价,评估 3.construct v.修建,建造
4.comprise v.包括 5.situated adj.位于,坐落在
6.consist of由……组成 7.be regarded as被视为……
【熟词生义】 1.complex n.建筑群 2.relief n.浮雕
【差距词汇】 1.imperial adj.帝国的,皇帝的
2.burial ground墓地
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文,文章讲述了法国巴黎圣母院发生火灾的经过,并介绍了巴黎圣母院的地理位置、历史价值等背景知识。
1.C 根据下文的“the Gothic tower suddenly collapsed”可知,哥特式的塔楼突然坍塌了,说明火势“蔓延”到了屋顶。故选C。A.分发;B.指导;D.使改变形态。
2.A 根据上文“Paris was beheaded(斩首)!”和“Witnessing the fall of the tower”可知,此处用“叹息”符合语境,皮埃尔向《纽约时报》发出了一声“叹息”。故选A。B.想法;C.标志;D.口号。
3.D 句意:塞纳河畔的巴黎圣母院矗立了674年了。此处描述的是巴黎圣母院的位置,因为它是一座高大的建筑,故用“矗立”符合语境。故选D。A.蜿蜒;B.存在;C.设置。
4.C 根据“Not only does Notre Dame have a large collection of wonderful works”可知,此处用“无价的”来表达这座建筑的珍贵,第三段中的“they would recruit (招募) the best talents from around the world to repair the art treasure”也是提示。故选C。A.精美的;B.没有价值的;D.虚弱的。
5.D 根据下文的“this church has about 13 million visitors a year”可知,巴黎圣母院是一个“旅游胜地”,tourist attraction意为“旅游胜地”。故选D。A.点;B.阶段;C.观点。
6.B 根据上文的“Notre Dame, which 3 on the bank of the Seine, has been there for 674 years.”可知,巴黎圣母院是一座“有历史意义的”建筑。故选B。A.剩下的;C.可进入的;D.赞同的。
7.A 根据上文的叙述可知,巴黎圣母院发生了火灾,此处指它“遭受了”火灾带来的巨大破坏。故选A。B.爆炸;C.获得;D.公布。
8.C 根据上文的“great destruction”可知,巴黎圣母院遭受了火灾带来的巨大破坏,所以这场大火几乎是场“灾难”。故选C。A.下降;B.浪费;D.麻烦。
9.B 根据下文“Watching the fire...”可知,这些人都“聚集”到了巴黎圣母院的周围。故选B。A.前进;C.闲逛;D.定居。
10.A 根据常识可知,巴黎圣母院发生火灾是突发事件,故推测总统“紧急”推迟了原定活动,来向民众报告此事。故选A。B.生气地;C.聪明地;D.谨慎地。
11.B 该句主语是“消防员”,时间是“5个小时”,因此用“战斗”符合语境。故选B。A.处理,应付;C.尝试;D.维修。
12.A 根据下文介绍巴黎圣母院的损失及重建可推知,这里指大火被“扑灭了”。故选A。B.切除;C.出版,生产;D.使脱离。
13.D 根据后面的but一词可知,前后分句之间为转折关系,结合“completely destroyed (完全被毁)”可知, 这座教堂的主体结构被“挽救”了,但是内部装饰被完全破坏了。故选D。A.损害……的外观;B.破坏;C.试验,测试。
14.C 句意:面对被破坏了的巴黎圣母院,总统马克龙说他们会从全球招募最佳人才来修复此艺术珍宝,因为这是法国人所期望的,也是历史应得的。根据空后的宾语“the broken Notre Dame”可知,In the face of符合语境,意为“面对被破坏了的巴黎圣母院”。故选C。A.在……的时候;B.处于……的危险之中;D.为了纪念……。
15.A 根据上文的叙述可知,面对被破坏了的巴黎圣母院,总统马克龙说他们会从全球招募最佳人才来修复此艺术珍宝,说明法国历史“值得”拥有这样一座教堂。故选A。B.允许;C.创造;D.拥有。
【高频词汇】 1.collapse v.倒塌 2.witness v.目击;见证 3.destruction n.破坏,毁灭 4.decoration n.装潢;装饰 5.treasure n.珍宝;财富
【差距词汇】 1.medieval adj.中世纪的 2.cathedral n.大教堂
长难句
原句 In the face of the broken Notre Dame, President Macron said that they would recruit(招募) the best talents from around the world to repair the art treasure, because this was what the French expected and what history deserved.
分析 这是一个主从复合句。that引导宾语从句;在宾语从句中,because引导原因状语从句;在原因状语从句中,两个what都引导表语从句,两个what在从句中均作宾语。
译文 面对被破坏了的巴黎圣母院,总统马克龙说他们会从全球招募最佳人才来修复此艺术珍宝,因为这是法国人所期望的,也是历史应得的。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了居庸关的历史以及其重要的军事意义。
1.passes 考查名词复数。句意:南北两个战略关隘分别被命名为“南关”和“居庸关”。根据后文are可知,应用复数形式。故填passes。
易错归因 本题学生看到后面已经有了谓语are respectively named,易误填非谓语动词passing。需要注意的是,设空处前面为形容词strategic,故设空处不能填非谓语动词。这里pass是熟词生义的用法,用作可数名词,意为“关口,关隘”。
2.stretches 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:大山环绕居庸关;一个长18千米的山谷,俗称“关沟”,正好横跨其中部。这里陈述一般事实,结合前面surround的时态可知用一般现在时,主语为an 18 kilometer long valley,为单数概念,谓语动词用单数形式。故填stretches。
3.as 考查介词。句意:由于风景优美,居庸关被誉为“居庸叠翠”和“燕京八景”之一。表示“被誉为”短语为be honored as。故填as。
4.which 考查定语从句。句意:在柱座的中心有门道,人、马车、马都可以通过。设空处前面为介词through,后面为and连接的三个名词,句尾的动词pass可与前面的介词构成搭配pass through“从……通过”,且其宾语为前面的名词doorway,故推测设空处应构成“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,先行词为doorway,指物,故填which。将先行词代入定语从句后为:People, carriages and horses can all pass through the doorway.
5.constructed 考查过去分词。句意:居庸关云台是一座大型石雕精品,建于元代。设空处所在句已有谓语,且逗号后没有连词,所以设空处应填入非谓语动词。construct与句子主语The Cloud Terrace构成被动关系,故用过去分词。故填constructed。
6.Initially 考查副词。句意:最初,有3座白色的塔。设空处位于句首,后面有逗号与其他内容隔开,所以设空处作状语,修饰后面的句子,应用副词initially,注意首字母大写。故填Initially。
7.were destroyed 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:不幸的是,它们在元明之交被摧毁了。设空处为谓语,主语they与提示词destroy构成被动关系,根据时间状语at the turn of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties可知应用一般过去时,主语they为复数概念,故填were destroyed。
8.leaving 考查现在分词。句意:然而,在清朝康熙四十一年(1702年),寺庙遭受了火灾,只留下了云台。句中已有谓语(suffered),且设空处前面没有连词,所以设空处应填入非谓语动词。前面所述内容与提示词leave之间为主动关系,所以应用现在分词作结果状语。故填leaving。
9.its 考查代词。句意:1992年对居庸关进行了全面修缮,恢复了它昔日的宏伟。修饰名词grandness应用形容词性物主代词its,意为“它的”。故填its。
10.natural 考查形容词。句意:居庸关的自然景色非常吸引人。修饰名词landscape应用形容词natural。故填natural。
【高频词汇】 1.military adj.军事的 2.respectively adv.分别地;各自地 3.owing to由于 4.suffer v.遭受
5.overall adj.全面的;综合的
【熟词生义】 pass n.关口,关隘
【差距词汇】 1.overlap v.交叠 2.subsequently adv.后来
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