2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步练习题--UNIT 3 Part 1 Reading and Thinking（答案与解析）
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2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步
UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.一词多义
1.To get rid of the noise appearing in the show, I had to change to another channel.
词性: 词义: ?
2.The first woman to cross the English Channel was Gertrude Ederle in 1926.
词性: 词义: ?
3.Music is a useful channel for releasing your emotions.词性: 词义: ?
4.As a result of industrialization, more goods are channeled into the market.
词性: 词义: ?
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.Then there were six astronauts aboard the International Space Station, the command of Kevin Ford.?
2.The details of the Free Trade Agreement between the two countries have been under (negotiate) for several years.?
3. a practical point of view,the best approach is to throw ourselves into the task hand.?
4.If you’re a parent, then negotiate the child some rules and regulations like how to use the pocket money.?
5.It is known that the removal of the drug dependence causes painful (withdraw)symptoms.?
6.China’s National Highway 318, (extend) over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Tibet,is known as the “heavenly road” for its amazing views.(2021天津3月)?
Ⅲ.选词填空
set sail;in a league of one’s own;withdraw from;find one’s way to
On October 28, 1994, known as Snow Dragon(“雪龙”号), the icebreaker carrying a research team 1. from Shanghai, which was China’s first Antarctic expedition. From then on, our country 2. the Antarctic. On April 3, 2023, our researchers 3. Antarctica, finishing the 39th Antarctic expedition. Snow Dragon is 4. during the polar mission.?
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.那时急需统一度量衡,以保证国家赋税收入。(urgent)
Then to unify weights and measures to guarantee the country’s tax revenue.(2023全国甲写作)?
2.正如预想的那样,这种新型材料非常环保,并且可以被重复利用。(as)
, this new material is environmentally friendly and can be reused.?
3.他脸上的笑容就像春日里的阳光那样灿烂。他决定尽他所能去帮助那些有需要的人。(what引导的宾语从句)
The smile on his face was as brilliant as the sun on a spring day. He decided to do in need.(读后续写—人物描写)?
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Trade and curiosity often form the 1 (found) of mankind’s greatest achievements. ?
Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers 2 (search) for sea routes from west to east. However, merchants and explorers from the East set sail many years before Columbus first 3 (do). A trading route across the sea was extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean, 4 (centre) around Ceylon.?
Later,the Ming Dynasty further developed relations with the regions to the west of China. Seven large 5 (fleet)sailed west for trade and exploration. 6 the command of Zheng He, they set sail from the South China Sea and eventually to the east coast of Africa.?
To reach out across the sea remains 7 strong wish now. The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, 8 belongs to the Belt and Road Initiative.?
China has joined 9 (it) friends across the sea on some important projects. The need to trade 10 the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future. ?
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ?
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2023广东湛江月考)
In the summer of 2010, the NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer started its voyage of exploration. The expedition was the combination of a long planning effort that involved high?level science, and technical leadership in the U.S. and Indonesia. Indonesia’s land and shallow seas are rich in a diversity of marine life. What particularly intrigued both U.S. and Indonesian ocean scientists was to find out if Indonesia’s deep seas, which were nearly unexplored, were really biologically diverse. The scientists worked out an exploration plan that they believed offered a high probability of finding never?before?seen ecosystems in the deep seas.
The expedition began with highly skilled mapping technicians working closely with the scientists to create a map of the area of interest. Using this map, the team could pick target areas where active volcanoes were likely to be encountered. Once Okeanos Explorer reached the target areas, her sonar mapping system was used to create more detailed maps of the exploration areas.
Once the maps were completed, volcanic features were identified by the science team. The second stage of exploration consisted of steaming slowly over the areas. At the same time, a sensor package was repeatedly lowered and raised. Operated by a technician on the ship, the sensor provided real?time data that revealed whether or not there were heat and chemical plumes in the water column.
The third and final step of the exploration was then to use a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) to start a near?bottom visual search for active venting. The ROV, Little Hercules, which was made state?of?the?art for this expedition, produced impressive HD video imagery of both the geology and biology of the dive sites after returning.
Despite all the technologies and methods, there’s more to explore. It is through exploration that we obtain our fundamental knowledge and basic understanding of things and places previously unknown to us.
1.What is the purpose of the expedition mentioned in Paragraph 1?
A.To promote the exchange between the U.S. and Indonesia.
B.To make a huge profit from exploring the Indonesian ocean.
C.To find out about the ecosystems of Indonesia’s deep seas.
D.To raise public awareness of protecting Indonesia’s deep seas.
2.What was the first step of the expedition?
A.Picking out the positions of active volcanoes.
B.Working out a map of the exploration area.
C.Getting a rough idea of the exploration targets.
D.Identifying volcanic features by sonar systems.
3.What can we learn about Little Hercules?
A.It was part of the sensor package.
B.It was specifically designed for this expedition.
C.It should be operated by a technician on the ship.
D.It aimed to collect data about heat and chemical plumes.
4.Which of the following shows the structure of the text?(P=Paragraph)
A. B. C. D.
B
(2022广西河池阶段检测)
Sea life near Turkey is being threatened by a layer of brown foam on the ocean’s surface.
The actual name of the foam is mucilage (黏液). Scientists first noticed and described mucilage in 2007, when it was found near Turkey. Then, it was also found in other parts of the Aegean Sea, near Greece.
This year’s outbreak of mucilage is the worst ever logged. It’s been developing for seven months and is now covering large parts of the Sea of Marmara. The Sea of Marmara is an inland sea, surrounded by land belonging to Turkey, and connected to the Aegean Sea and the Black Sea.
There are many different kinds of algae (海藻), and it’s natural and normal for algae to grow in the ocean or in other bodies of water. But when there is lots of food for the algae, and other conditions are just right, there can be “an algae bloom” which results in algae growing quickly and in huge amounts and in very bad situations, mucilage is the result. ?
There are two main causes for the outbreak of mucilage. One is the heavy pollution—sewage, fertilizers, and other chemicals flowing into the Sea of Marmara. The second cause is higher water temperatures caused by climate change.
The mucilage causes problems in lots of different ways. By covering the ocean’s surface, it stops sunlight from reaching all the marine life below. “The mucilage is now covering the sea surface like a canvas tent,” says Muharrem Balci, who teaches biology at Istanbul University. Because there is so much algae, it takes in lots of oxygen from the sea water. That means there’s very little oxygen left for the other sea creatures that depend on it. The BBC reports that divers in the area are beholding large numbers of dying fish. After a while, the mucilage falls to the bottom of the ocean, where it covers the seafloor,threatening to poison creatures that live there, like crabs and mussels. This year, the mucilage has been found as deep as 30 meters below the surface.
5.What do we know about mucilage?
A.It generally doesn’t last long.
B.It had never existed before 2007.
C.It is mainly formed in inland seas.
D.It was first noticed near Turkey.
6.What does the underlined part “an algae bloom” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A.A good harvest of algae.
B.The increasing use of algae.
C.The explosive growth of algae.
D.The continuing popularity of algae.
7.What can be inferred about mucilage from the last paragraph?
A.It can greatly threaten sea life.
B.It has drawn attention worldwide.
C.It will lead to food shortages.
D.It benefits some sea creatures but harms others.
8.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.New kinds of algae are found in Turkey
B.Turkey’s coastal waters are covered with mucilage
C.The Sea of Marmara has seen an increase in water temperatures
D.Endangered sea creatures have been protected
Ⅲ.七选五
(2023山东日照期末)
Oceans are an appealing target for renewable energy production. Waves produce 32,000 terawatt?hours of natural energy per year—by comparison, the entire world uses around 23,000 terawatt?hours of energy every year.
The advantages of wave power are clear. 1 Turbines produce electricity through the power of waves, making them a completely pollution?free, renewable energy source. And the amount of kinetic energy in a wave is huge that the energy is used to produce electricity. There is also a lot of potential because many countries have access to an ocean that can help power their electricity systems. Also, waves are hardly interrupted and almost always on the move. 2 ?
But the disadvantages of wave energy are serious too. Building factories or installing electrical wires directly on the beach might prove challenging. 3 Local fishing zones could be affected or the factories could lead to more coastal erosion. High costs are a problem too. Wave power is a rising energy technology in the early stages of development, so calculating the costs is difficult. 4 Because constant movement can lead to more damage, wave energy factories will most likely need regular and costly maintenance.?
5 For many ocean?bordering countries, wave energy will be a great addition to the renewable energy mix. The bottom line is that wave power has enormous global potential. However, the industry needs more funding and research to finalize the technologies involved so that countries can begin adding wave energy to their renewable energy source list.?
A.Wave energy still needs to be explored.
B.They are not affordable to many countries.
C.Despite the challenges, there is a future of wave energy.
D.Wave energy does not give off greenhouse gases when produced.
E.They can cause damage to sea life and the surrounding ecosystems.
F.Maintenance of the factories in moving saltwater is very expensive.
G.This makes electricity from wave energy a more reliable energy source.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ?
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.名词;电视频道 句意:为了摆脱节目中出现的噪声,我不得不换到另一个电视频道。
2.名词;海峡 句意:1926年, 格特鲁德·埃德尔成为第一位横渡英吉利海峡的女性。
3.名词;方法 句意:(欣赏)音乐是宣泄情感很有效的方法。
4.动词;输送 句意:由于工业化,更多的商品被输送到市场上。
Ⅱ.1.under 考查介词。设空处构成固定短语under the command of,意为 “在……的指挥下”,故填under。句意:当时国际空间站上有六名宇航员,由凯文·福特指挥。
2.negotiation 考查名词。be under negotiation意为“在商谈/谈判中”,故填negotiation。句意:两国之间自由贸易协定的细节已经谈判了好几年。
3.From;in/on/at 考查介词。from a/an...point of view表示“从……的角度看”;表示“在手头”用in/on/at hand。句意:从实际的角度来看,最好的方法就是让我们自己投入手头的任务中去。
4.with;about/for 考查介词。negotiate with sb. about/for sth.为固定搭配,表示“与某人商定某事(物)”。句意:如果你是一位家长,那么就和孩子商定一些规则制度,比如如何使用零花钱。
5.withdrawal 考查名词。句意:众所周知,对毒瘾的戒除会导致痛苦的脱瘾症状。根据语境可知设空处应修饰后面的名词symptoms,提示词为动词withdraw,应用其名词形式,withdrawal symptoms 意为“脱瘾症状”,故填withdrawal。
6.extending 考查现在分词。分析句子成分可知,is known是句子的谓语且前面没有连词,所以空格处应填非谓语动词。extend与句子主语China’s National Highway 318之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词,故填extending。句意:中国的318国道从上海到西藏樟木,延伸出五千多千米,因为它令人赞叹的景色而被誉为“天路”。
Ⅲ.1.set sail 2.found its way to 3.withdrew from 4.in a league of its own
Ⅳ.1.there was an urgent need 2.As is expected
3.what he could to help those
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.foundation 考查名词。根据设空处前的the和设空处后的of可知,此处应填名词。此处指贸易和好奇心往往构成人类最伟大成就的基础。故填foundation。
2.to search 考查不定式。inspire sb. to do sth.意为“激励某人做某事”。故填to search。句意:马可·波罗的故事激励欧洲探险家寻找从西到东的海上航线。
3.did 考查动词的时态。 句意:然而,东方的商人和探险家的起航时间比哥伦布首次起航早很多年。根据本段语境可知,描述的事发生在过去,故填did。
4.centred/centring 考查非谓语动词。句意:以锡兰为中心,一个横跨海洋的贸易路线沿着印度洋的海岸延伸。centre既可以作及物动词又可以作不及物动词,意为“以……为中心”时,可用centre around...或centre...around...,因此作状语时,既可用过去分词也可用现在分词。
5.fleets 考查名词复数。 fleet意为“船队,舰队”,是可数名词,根据Seven可知,此处应用复数形式。故填fleets。
6.Under 考查介词。under the command of为固定搭配,意为“在……的指挥下”。注意首字母大写,故填Under。
7.a 考查冠词。句意:如今,跨海越洋仍然是一个强烈的愿望。wish意为“愿望”,是可数名词,此处泛指“一个强烈的愿望”,strong的发音以辅音音素开头,故填不定冠词a。
8.which 考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,前面为名词短语the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road,后面内容缺主语,所以推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,故填which。句意:随着属于“一带一路”倡议的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提出,郑和航行过的古代海上航线再度受到关注。
9.its 考查形容词性物主代词。设空处后是名词,提示词是代词,所以用形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故填its。
10.and 考查连词。设空处前的“The need to trade”和设空处后的“the desire to enhance relationships”是两个并列的成分,所以用and连接。句意:贸易的需要和加强关系的愿望将驱使中国跨海越洋,走向遥远的未来。
Ⅱ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家对印度尼西亚的深海进行探索,期待发现新的生态系统。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段的“What particularly intrigued...ecosystems in the deep seas.(特别引起美国和印尼海洋科学家兴趣的是,要弄清楚印尼几乎未经勘探的深海是否真的具有生物多样性。科学家们制订了一项勘探计划,他们认为该计划很有可能在深海中发现以前从未见过的生态系统。)”可知,这次探索的目的是弄清楚印度尼西亚深海的生态系统。故选C。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The expedition...a map of the area of interest. (探索开始时,技术高超的制图技术人员与科学家密切合作,绘制出感兴趣的地方的地图。)”可知,探索的第一步是绘制感兴趣的地方的地图。故选B。
3.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“The ROV, Little Hercules...sites after returning.(遥控潜水器Little Hercules是此次探索最先进的技术,返回后制作了令人印象深刻的高清视频图像,显示了潜水地点的地质特征和生物特征。)”可知,Little Hercules是特意为这次探索设计的。故选B。
4.A 推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章第一段提出这次探索的背景和目标;第二、三、四段分别介绍了探索的三个步骤;第五段对这次探索活动进行总结。因此推知,文章的结构是:总—分—总。故选A。
【高频词汇】 1.expedition n.远征;探险;考察
2.combination n.结合(体) 3.diversity n.不同;多样性
4.find out弄清楚 5.diverse adj.多样的 6.work out制订出 7.encounter vt.遇到;遭遇 8.detailed adj.详细的
9.identify vt.辨别;识别 10.consist of由……组成
11.fundamental adj.基础的,基本的 12.previously adv.先前地;以前地
【差距词汇】 1.intrigue v.引起……的兴趣,迷住
2.sonar n.声呐 3.state?of?the?art adj.最先进的
长难句
原句1 What particularly intrigued both U.S. and Indonesian ocean scientists was to find out if Indonesia’s deep seas, which were nearly unexplored, were really biologically diverse.
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。“What...ocean scientists”是主语从句;if引导find out后的宾语从句;which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰deep seas。
译文 特别引起美国和印尼海洋科学家兴趣的是,要弄清楚印尼几乎未经勘探的深海是否真的具有生物多样性。
原句2 The ROV, Little Hercules, which was made state?of?the?art for this expedition, produced impressive HD video imagery of both the geology and biology of the dive sites after returning.
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。The ROV是主语, Little Hercules是主语的同位语,which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰Little Hercules,produced 为谓语,HD video imagery为宾语,of短语作后置定语。
译文 遥控潜水器Little Hercules是此次探索最先进的技术,返回后制作了令人印象深刻的高清视频图像,显示了潜水地点的地质特征和生物特征。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。由于污染和全球气候变暖,马尔马拉海的海藻大量繁殖,形成了很多海洋黏液。文章主要介绍了海洋黏液产生的原因以及带来的严重危害。
5.D 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知,科学家们第一次注意到并描述黏液是在2007年,当时它在土耳其附近被发现。所以黏液最初是在土耳其附近被发现的。故选D项。
易错归因 本题学生易误选B项。文中提到黏液第一次被发现是在2007年,但这并不表明之前这种物质不存在,B项表述过于绝对。
6.C 词义猜测题。根据第四段画线部分所在句可知,当海藻有很多食物,且其他条件正合适的时候,就会发生“an algae bloom”,导致海藻大量、快速地生长,在非常糟糕的情况下,就会产生黏液。所以推断出画线部分指的是“海藻的迅速增长”。故选C项。
7.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一、二、四、五句可知,黏液在很多方面都造成了问题。它覆盖了海洋表面,阻止阳光照射到下面所有的海洋生物,同时太多的海藻从海水中吸收大量的氧气,这意味着留给其他依赖氧气生存的海洋生物的氧气很少;结合最后一段倒数第二句可知,黏液会落到海底,覆盖海底,可能会毒害生活在那里的生物。由此推断出,海洋黏液对海洋生物的危害极大。故选A项。
8.B 主旨大意题。文章第一句指出土耳其附近的海洋生物正受到海面上一层棕色泡沫的威胁。第二段指出这种物质是黏液,后面几段介绍了海洋黏液爆发的情况、原因以及影响,所以B项“Turkey’s coastal waters are covered with mucilage(土耳其的沿海水域覆盖着黏液)”作为标题最合适。故选B项。
【高频词汇】 1.threaten v.威胁,恐吓 2.layer n.层;层次 3.outbreak n.爆发,突然发生 4.surround v.围绕,环绕;包围 5.belong to 属于 6.connect v.(使)连接;把……联系起来 7.normal adj.正常的,标准的
8.result in 导致,造成 9.poison v.毒害
【差距词汇】 1.sewage n.污水,污物 2.canvas n.帆布
3.crab n.螃蟹
长难句
原句 After a while, the mucilage falls to the bottom of the ocean, where it covers the seafloor, threatening to poison creatures that live there, like crabs and mussels.
分析 这是一个主从复合句。where引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the bottom of the ocean;“threatening...”为现在分词短语作状语;that 引导定语从句,修饰先行词creatures。
译文 一段时间之后,黏液会落到海底,覆盖海底,有毒害生活在那里的生物,比如螃蟹和贻贝的危险。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了波浪发电的优势、缺点以及发展前景。
1.D 细节句。根据上文“The advantages of wave power are clear.(波浪能的优势显而易见。)”可知,D选项“波浪能在产生时不会释放温室气体”承接上文,具体说明波浪能的环保优势,符合语境,故选D。
2.G 细节句。 上文谈到,波浪发电还有很大的潜力,因为许多国家都能利用海洋为他们的电力系统提供动力。而且,波浪几乎不会中断,几乎总是在运动。G项“这使得波浪能发的电成为一种更可靠的能源”承接上文,说明其结果,符合语境。故选G。
3.E 细节句。设空处上文谈到但是波浪能的缺点也令人担心。直接在海滩上建造工厂或架电线可能具有挑战性。下文谈到当地的捕鱼区可能会受到影响或者工厂会导致更多的海岸侵蚀。上下文都是在讲波浪发电的不利方面,E项“它们会对海洋生物和周围的生态系统造成损害”与上下文意思一致,都是在讲波浪能的不利方面。故选E。
4.F 细节句。上文谈到,高昂的成本也是一个问题,波浪能是一项处于发展早期阶段的新兴能源技术,因此计算成本是困难的。下文讲了由于不断的运转会导致更多的损坏,波浪能工厂很可能需要定期和昂贵的维护。F项“在流动的盐水中的工厂的维护费用非常昂贵”与上下文都是费用方面的问题,符合语境,故选F。
易错归因 本题容易误选B项,因为B项也与费用有关。B项主要有两个问题:一是代词They的指代无处落地,They在前面没有指代内容;二是“很多国家支付不起”与前面的“计算成本是困难的”也是矛盾的,既然不好计算成本,何谈支付不起呢?
5.C 主旨句。 设空处位于句首,后文谈到波浪能在全球范围内具有巨大的潜力,但国家能够使用波浪能还有赖于这个行业需要做的一些工作。故C项“尽管存在挑战,但波浪能还是有未来的”能够统领下文,符合语境,故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.appealing adj.吸引人的 2.renewable adj.可再生的 3.by comparison比较起来 4.have access to可使用;可接近;可进入 5.interrupt vt.使中断,使暂停 6.calculate v.计算 7.enormous adj.巨大的
【差距词汇】 1.turbine n.汽轮机,涡轮机 2.kinetic energy n.动能 3.erosion n.侵蚀
长难句
原句 However, the industry needs more funding and research to finalize the technologies involved so that countries can begin adding wave energy to their renewable energy source list.
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。主句的主语是the industry,谓语是needs,宾语是more funding and research,“to finalize the technologies involved”是不定式短语作目的状语,involved作后置定语修饰technologies。so that引导目的状语从句。
译文 然而,该行业需要更多的资金和研究来最终确定所涉及的技术,以便各国能够开始在他们的可再生能源清单中加上波浪能。
UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.一词多义
1.To get rid of the noise appearing in the show, I had to change to another channel.
词性: 词义: ?
2.The first woman to cross the English Channel was Gertrude Ederle in 1926.
词性: 词义: ?
3.Music is a useful channel for releasing your emotions.词性: 词义: ?
4.As a result of industrialization, more goods are channeled into the market.
词性: 词义: ?
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.Then there were six astronauts aboard the International Space Station, the command of Kevin Ford.?
2.The details of the Free Trade Agreement between the two countries have been under (negotiate) for several years.?
3. a practical point of view,the best approach is to throw ourselves into the task hand.?
4.If you’re a parent, then negotiate the child some rules and regulations like how to use the pocket money.?
5.It is known that the removal of the drug dependence causes painful (withdraw)symptoms.?
6.China’s National Highway 318, (extend) over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Tibet,is known as the “heavenly road” for its amazing views.(2021天津3月)?
Ⅲ.选词填空
set sail;in a league of one’s own;withdraw from;find one’s way to
On October 28, 1994, known as Snow Dragon(“雪龙”号), the icebreaker carrying a research team 1. from Shanghai, which was China’s first Antarctic expedition. From then on, our country 2. the Antarctic. On April 3, 2023, our researchers 3. Antarctica, finishing the 39th Antarctic expedition. Snow Dragon is 4. during the polar mission.?
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.那时急需统一度量衡,以保证国家赋税收入。(urgent)
Then to unify weights and measures to guarantee the country’s tax revenue.(2023全国甲写作)?
2.正如预想的那样,这种新型材料非常环保,并且可以被重复利用。(as)
, this new material is environmentally friendly and can be reused.?
3.他脸上的笑容就像春日里的阳光那样灿烂。他决定尽他所能去帮助那些有需要的人。(what引导的宾语从句)
The smile on his face was as brilliant as the sun on a spring day. He decided to do in need.(读后续写—人物描写)?
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Trade and curiosity often form the 1 (found) of mankind’s greatest achievements. ?
Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers 2 (search) for sea routes from west to east. However, merchants and explorers from the East set sail many years before Columbus first 3 (do). A trading route across the sea was extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean, 4 (centre) around Ceylon.?
Later,the Ming Dynasty further developed relations with the regions to the west of China. Seven large 5 (fleet)sailed west for trade and exploration. 6 the command of Zheng He, they set sail from the South China Sea and eventually to the east coast of Africa.?
To reach out across the sea remains 7 strong wish now. The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, 8 belongs to the Belt and Road Initiative.?
China has joined 9 (it) friends across the sea on some important projects. The need to trade 10 the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future. ?
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ?
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2023广东湛江月考)
In the summer of 2010, the NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer started its voyage of exploration. The expedition was the combination of a long planning effort that involved high?level science, and technical leadership in the U.S. and Indonesia. Indonesia’s land and shallow seas are rich in a diversity of marine life. What particularly intrigued both U.S. and Indonesian ocean scientists was to find out if Indonesia’s deep seas, which were nearly unexplored, were really biologically diverse. The scientists worked out an exploration plan that they believed offered a high probability of finding never?before?seen ecosystems in the deep seas.
The expedition began with highly skilled mapping technicians working closely with the scientists to create a map of the area of interest. Using this map, the team could pick target areas where active volcanoes were likely to be encountered. Once Okeanos Explorer reached the target areas, her sonar mapping system was used to create more detailed maps of the exploration areas.
Once the maps were completed, volcanic features were identified by the science team. The second stage of exploration consisted of steaming slowly over the areas. At the same time, a sensor package was repeatedly lowered and raised. Operated by a technician on the ship, the sensor provided real?time data that revealed whether or not there were heat and chemical plumes in the water column.
The third and final step of the exploration was then to use a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) to start a near?bottom visual search for active venting. The ROV, Little Hercules, which was made state?of?the?art for this expedition, produced impressive HD video imagery of both the geology and biology of the dive sites after returning.
Despite all the technologies and methods, there’s more to explore. It is through exploration that we obtain our fundamental knowledge and basic understanding of things and places previously unknown to us.
1.What is the purpose of the expedition mentioned in Paragraph 1?
A.To promote the exchange between the U.S. and Indonesia.
B.To make a huge profit from exploring the Indonesian ocean.
C.To find out about the ecosystems of Indonesia’s deep seas.
D.To raise public awareness of protecting Indonesia’s deep seas.
2.What was the first step of the expedition?
A.Picking out the positions of active volcanoes.
B.Working out a map of the exploration area.
C.Getting a rough idea of the exploration targets.
D.Identifying volcanic features by sonar systems.
3.What can we learn about Little Hercules?
A.It was part of the sensor package.
B.It was specifically designed for this expedition.
C.It should be operated by a technician on the ship.
D.It aimed to collect data about heat and chemical plumes.
4.Which of the following shows the structure of the text?(P=Paragraph)
A. B. C. D.
B
(2022广西河池阶段检测)
Sea life near Turkey is being threatened by a layer of brown foam on the ocean’s surface.
The actual name of the foam is mucilage (黏液). Scientists first noticed and described mucilage in 2007, when it was found near Turkey. Then, it was also found in other parts of the Aegean Sea, near Greece.
This year’s outbreak of mucilage is the worst ever logged. It’s been developing for seven months and is now covering large parts of the Sea of Marmara. The Sea of Marmara is an inland sea, surrounded by land belonging to Turkey, and connected to the Aegean Sea and the Black Sea.
There are many different kinds of algae (海藻), and it’s natural and normal for algae to grow in the ocean or in other bodies of water. But when there is lots of food for the algae, and other conditions are just right, there can be “an algae bloom” which results in algae growing quickly and in huge amounts and in very bad situations, mucilage is the result. ?
There are two main causes for the outbreak of mucilage. One is the heavy pollution—sewage, fertilizers, and other chemicals flowing into the Sea of Marmara. The second cause is higher water temperatures caused by climate change.
The mucilage causes problems in lots of different ways. By covering the ocean’s surface, it stops sunlight from reaching all the marine life below. “The mucilage is now covering the sea surface like a canvas tent,” says Muharrem Balci, who teaches biology at Istanbul University. Because there is so much algae, it takes in lots of oxygen from the sea water. That means there’s very little oxygen left for the other sea creatures that depend on it. The BBC reports that divers in the area are beholding large numbers of dying fish. After a while, the mucilage falls to the bottom of the ocean, where it covers the seafloor,threatening to poison creatures that live there, like crabs and mussels. This year, the mucilage has been found as deep as 30 meters below the surface.
5.What do we know about mucilage?
A.It generally doesn’t last long.
B.It had never existed before 2007.
C.It is mainly formed in inland seas.
D.It was first noticed near Turkey.
6.What does the underlined part “an algae bloom” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A.A good harvest of algae.
B.The increasing use of algae.
C.The explosive growth of algae.
D.The continuing popularity of algae.
7.What can be inferred about mucilage from the last paragraph?
A.It can greatly threaten sea life.
B.It has drawn attention worldwide.
C.It will lead to food shortages.
D.It benefits some sea creatures but harms others.
8.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.New kinds of algae are found in Turkey
B.Turkey’s coastal waters are covered with mucilage
C.The Sea of Marmara has seen an increase in water temperatures
D.Endangered sea creatures have been protected
Ⅲ.七选五
(2023山东日照期末)
Oceans are an appealing target for renewable energy production. Waves produce 32,000 terawatt?hours of natural energy per year—by comparison, the entire world uses around 23,000 terawatt?hours of energy every year.
The advantages of wave power are clear. 1 Turbines produce electricity through the power of waves, making them a completely pollution?free, renewable energy source. And the amount of kinetic energy in a wave is huge that the energy is used to produce electricity. There is also a lot of potential because many countries have access to an ocean that can help power their electricity systems. Also, waves are hardly interrupted and almost always on the move. 2 ?
But the disadvantages of wave energy are serious too. Building factories or installing electrical wires directly on the beach might prove challenging. 3 Local fishing zones could be affected or the factories could lead to more coastal erosion. High costs are a problem too. Wave power is a rising energy technology in the early stages of development, so calculating the costs is difficult. 4 Because constant movement can lead to more damage, wave energy factories will most likely need regular and costly maintenance.?
5 For many ocean?bordering countries, wave energy will be a great addition to the renewable energy mix. The bottom line is that wave power has enormous global potential. However, the industry needs more funding and research to finalize the technologies involved so that countries can begin adding wave energy to their renewable energy source list.?
A.Wave energy still needs to be explored.
B.They are not affordable to many countries.
C.Despite the challenges, there is a future of wave energy.
D.Wave energy does not give off greenhouse gases when produced.
E.They can cause damage to sea life and the surrounding ecosystems.
F.Maintenance of the factories in moving saltwater is very expensive.
G.This makes electricity from wave energy a more reliable energy source.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ?
答案与分层梯度式解析
UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.名词;电视频道 句意:为了摆脱节目中出现的噪声,我不得不换到另一个电视频道。
2.名词;海峡 句意:1926年, 格特鲁德·埃德尔成为第一位横渡英吉利海峡的女性。
3.名词;方法 句意:(欣赏)音乐是宣泄情感很有效的方法。
4.动词;输送 句意:由于工业化,更多的商品被输送到市场上。
Ⅱ.1.under 考查介词。设空处构成固定短语under the command of,意为 “在……的指挥下”,故填under。句意:当时国际空间站上有六名宇航员,由凯文·福特指挥。
2.negotiation 考查名词。be under negotiation意为“在商谈/谈判中”,故填negotiation。句意:两国之间自由贸易协定的细节已经谈判了好几年。
3.From;in/on/at 考查介词。from a/an...point of view表示“从……的角度看”;表示“在手头”用in/on/at hand。句意:从实际的角度来看,最好的方法就是让我们自己投入手头的任务中去。
4.with;about/for 考查介词。negotiate with sb. about/for sth.为固定搭配,表示“与某人商定某事(物)”。句意:如果你是一位家长,那么就和孩子商定一些规则制度,比如如何使用零花钱。
5.withdrawal 考查名词。句意:众所周知,对毒瘾的戒除会导致痛苦的脱瘾症状。根据语境可知设空处应修饰后面的名词symptoms,提示词为动词withdraw,应用其名词形式,withdrawal symptoms 意为“脱瘾症状”,故填withdrawal。
6.extending 考查现在分词。分析句子成分可知,is known是句子的谓语且前面没有连词,所以空格处应填非谓语动词。extend与句子主语China’s National Highway 318之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词,故填extending。句意:中国的318国道从上海到西藏樟木,延伸出五千多千米,因为它令人赞叹的景色而被誉为“天路”。
Ⅲ.1.set sail 2.found its way to 3.withdrew from 4.in a league of its own
Ⅳ.1.there was an urgent need 2.As is expected
3.what he could to help those
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.foundation 考查名词。根据设空处前的the和设空处后的of可知,此处应填名词。此处指贸易和好奇心往往构成人类最伟大成就的基础。故填foundation。
2.to search 考查不定式。inspire sb. to do sth.意为“激励某人做某事”。故填to search。句意:马可·波罗的故事激励欧洲探险家寻找从西到东的海上航线。
3.did 考查动词的时态。 句意:然而,东方的商人和探险家的起航时间比哥伦布首次起航早很多年。根据本段语境可知,描述的事发生在过去,故填did。
4.centred/centring 考查非谓语动词。句意:以锡兰为中心,一个横跨海洋的贸易路线沿着印度洋的海岸延伸。centre既可以作及物动词又可以作不及物动词,意为“以……为中心”时,可用centre around...或centre...around...,因此作状语时,既可用过去分词也可用现在分词。
5.fleets 考查名词复数。 fleet意为“船队,舰队”,是可数名词,根据Seven可知,此处应用复数形式。故填fleets。
6.Under 考查介词。under the command of为固定搭配,意为“在……的指挥下”。注意首字母大写,故填Under。
7.a 考查冠词。句意:如今,跨海越洋仍然是一个强烈的愿望。wish意为“愿望”,是可数名词,此处泛指“一个强烈的愿望”,strong的发音以辅音音素开头,故填不定冠词a。
8.which 考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,前面为名词短语the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road,后面内容缺主语,所以推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,故填which。句意:随着属于“一带一路”倡议的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提出,郑和航行过的古代海上航线再度受到关注。
9.its 考查形容词性物主代词。设空处后是名词,提示词是代词,所以用形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故填its。
10.and 考查连词。设空处前的“The need to trade”和设空处后的“the desire to enhance relationships”是两个并列的成分,所以用and连接。句意:贸易的需要和加强关系的愿望将驱使中国跨海越洋,走向遥远的未来。
Ⅱ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家对印度尼西亚的深海进行探索,期待发现新的生态系统。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段的“What particularly intrigued...ecosystems in the deep seas.(特别引起美国和印尼海洋科学家兴趣的是,要弄清楚印尼几乎未经勘探的深海是否真的具有生物多样性。科学家们制订了一项勘探计划,他们认为该计划很有可能在深海中发现以前从未见过的生态系统。)”可知,这次探索的目的是弄清楚印度尼西亚深海的生态系统。故选C。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The expedition...a map of the area of interest. (探索开始时,技术高超的制图技术人员与科学家密切合作,绘制出感兴趣的地方的地图。)”可知,探索的第一步是绘制感兴趣的地方的地图。故选B。
3.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“The ROV, Little Hercules...sites after returning.(遥控潜水器Little Hercules是此次探索最先进的技术,返回后制作了令人印象深刻的高清视频图像,显示了潜水地点的地质特征和生物特征。)”可知,Little Hercules是特意为这次探索设计的。故选B。
4.A 推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章第一段提出这次探索的背景和目标;第二、三、四段分别介绍了探索的三个步骤;第五段对这次探索活动进行总结。因此推知,文章的结构是:总—分—总。故选A。
【高频词汇】 1.expedition n.远征;探险;考察
2.combination n.结合(体) 3.diversity n.不同;多样性
4.find out弄清楚 5.diverse adj.多样的 6.work out制订出 7.encounter vt.遇到;遭遇 8.detailed adj.详细的
9.identify vt.辨别;识别 10.consist of由……组成
11.fundamental adj.基础的,基本的 12.previously adv.先前地;以前地
【差距词汇】 1.intrigue v.引起……的兴趣,迷住
2.sonar n.声呐 3.state?of?the?art adj.最先进的
长难句
原句1 What particularly intrigued both U.S. and Indonesian ocean scientists was to find out if Indonesia’s deep seas, which were nearly unexplored, were really biologically diverse.
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。“What...ocean scientists”是主语从句;if引导find out后的宾语从句;which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰deep seas。
译文 特别引起美国和印尼海洋科学家兴趣的是,要弄清楚印尼几乎未经勘探的深海是否真的具有生物多样性。
原句2 The ROV, Little Hercules, which was made state?of?the?art for this expedition, produced impressive HD video imagery of both the geology and biology of the dive sites after returning.
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。The ROV是主语, Little Hercules是主语的同位语,which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰Little Hercules,produced 为谓语,HD video imagery为宾语,of短语作后置定语。
译文 遥控潜水器Little Hercules是此次探索最先进的技术,返回后制作了令人印象深刻的高清视频图像,显示了潜水地点的地质特征和生物特征。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。由于污染和全球气候变暖,马尔马拉海的海藻大量繁殖,形成了很多海洋黏液。文章主要介绍了海洋黏液产生的原因以及带来的严重危害。
5.D 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知,科学家们第一次注意到并描述黏液是在2007年,当时它在土耳其附近被发现。所以黏液最初是在土耳其附近被发现的。故选D项。
易错归因 本题学生易误选B项。文中提到黏液第一次被发现是在2007年,但这并不表明之前这种物质不存在,B项表述过于绝对。
6.C 词义猜测题。根据第四段画线部分所在句可知,当海藻有很多食物,且其他条件正合适的时候,就会发生“an algae bloom”,导致海藻大量、快速地生长,在非常糟糕的情况下,就会产生黏液。所以推断出画线部分指的是“海藻的迅速增长”。故选C项。
7.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一、二、四、五句可知,黏液在很多方面都造成了问题。它覆盖了海洋表面,阻止阳光照射到下面所有的海洋生物,同时太多的海藻从海水中吸收大量的氧气,这意味着留给其他依赖氧气生存的海洋生物的氧气很少;结合最后一段倒数第二句可知,黏液会落到海底,覆盖海底,可能会毒害生活在那里的生物。由此推断出,海洋黏液对海洋生物的危害极大。故选A项。
8.B 主旨大意题。文章第一句指出土耳其附近的海洋生物正受到海面上一层棕色泡沫的威胁。第二段指出这种物质是黏液,后面几段介绍了海洋黏液爆发的情况、原因以及影响,所以B项“Turkey’s coastal waters are covered with mucilage(土耳其的沿海水域覆盖着黏液)”作为标题最合适。故选B项。
【高频词汇】 1.threaten v.威胁,恐吓 2.layer n.层;层次 3.outbreak n.爆发,突然发生 4.surround v.围绕,环绕;包围 5.belong to 属于 6.connect v.(使)连接;把……联系起来 7.normal adj.正常的,标准的
8.result in 导致,造成 9.poison v.毒害
【差距词汇】 1.sewage n.污水,污物 2.canvas n.帆布
3.crab n.螃蟹
长难句
原句 After a while, the mucilage falls to the bottom of the ocean, where it covers the seafloor, threatening to poison creatures that live there, like crabs and mussels.
分析 这是一个主从复合句。where引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the bottom of the ocean;“threatening...”为现在分词短语作状语;that 引导定语从句,修饰先行词creatures。
译文 一段时间之后,黏液会落到海底,覆盖海底,有毒害生活在那里的生物,比如螃蟹和贻贝的危险。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了波浪发电的优势、缺点以及发展前景。
1.D 细节句。根据上文“The advantages of wave power are clear.(波浪能的优势显而易见。)”可知,D选项“波浪能在产生时不会释放温室气体”承接上文,具体说明波浪能的环保优势,符合语境,故选D。
2.G 细节句。 上文谈到,波浪发电还有很大的潜力,因为许多国家都能利用海洋为他们的电力系统提供动力。而且,波浪几乎不会中断,几乎总是在运动。G项“这使得波浪能发的电成为一种更可靠的能源”承接上文,说明其结果,符合语境。故选G。
3.E 细节句。设空处上文谈到但是波浪能的缺点也令人担心。直接在海滩上建造工厂或架电线可能具有挑战性。下文谈到当地的捕鱼区可能会受到影响或者工厂会导致更多的海岸侵蚀。上下文都是在讲波浪发电的不利方面,E项“它们会对海洋生物和周围的生态系统造成损害”与上下文意思一致,都是在讲波浪能的不利方面。故选E。
4.F 细节句。上文谈到,高昂的成本也是一个问题,波浪能是一项处于发展早期阶段的新兴能源技术,因此计算成本是困难的。下文讲了由于不断的运转会导致更多的损坏,波浪能工厂很可能需要定期和昂贵的维护。F项“在流动的盐水中的工厂的维护费用非常昂贵”与上下文都是费用方面的问题,符合语境,故选F。
易错归因 本题容易误选B项,因为B项也与费用有关。B项主要有两个问题:一是代词They的指代无处落地,They在前面没有指代内容;二是“很多国家支付不起”与前面的“计算成本是困难的”也是矛盾的,既然不好计算成本,何谈支付不起呢?
5.C 主旨句。 设空处位于句首,后文谈到波浪能在全球范围内具有巨大的潜力,但国家能够使用波浪能还有赖于这个行业需要做的一些工作。故C项“尽管存在挑战,但波浪能还是有未来的”能够统领下文,符合语境,故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.appealing adj.吸引人的 2.renewable adj.可再生的 3.by comparison比较起来 4.have access to可使用;可接近;可进入 5.interrupt vt.使中断,使暂停 6.calculate v.计算 7.enormous adj.巨大的
【差距词汇】 1.turbine n.汽轮机,涡轮机 2.kinetic energy n.动能 3.erosion n.侵蚀
长难句
原句 However, the industry needs more funding and research to finalize the technologies involved so that countries can begin adding wave energy to their renewable energy source list.
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。主句的主语是the industry,谓语是needs,宾语是more funding and research,“to finalize the technologies involved”是不定式短语作目的状语,involved作后置定语修饰technologies。so that引导目的状语从句。
译文 然而,该行业需要更多的资金和研究来最终确定所涉及的技术,以便各国能够开始在他们的可再生能源清单中加上波浪能。